US3733873A - Method of and apparatus for compression forging of components - Google Patents

Method of and apparatus for compression forging of components Download PDF

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Publication number
US3733873A
US3733873A US00149743A US3733873DA US3733873A US 3733873 A US3733873 A US 3733873A US 00149743 A US00149743 A US 00149743A US 3733873D A US3733873D A US 3733873DA US 3733873 A US3733873 A US 3733873A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
bar section
die
shaped component
ejector
female
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00149743A
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English (en)
Inventor
E Ballmer
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F B HATEBUR AG
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F B HATEBUR AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/08—Accessories for handling work or tools
    • B21J13/14—Ejecting devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/76—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
    • B21K1/762—Coupling members for conveying mechanical motion, e.g. universal joints
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/51—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling
    • Y10T29/5182—Flash remover

Definitions

  • Appl 149743 A method of, and apparatus for, compression forging of components in which a bar section is pre-shaped by [30] Foreign Application Priority Data upsetting in a direction along its axis. The pre-shaped bar section is then supported by its ends between a .I 1
  • the present invention relates to a process of, and apparatus for, the compression forging of a blank in the form of a bar section.
  • a particular, but not exclusive application of the invention is in the production of components which have delimiting faces variously spaced from the press axis, in particular forgings for articulated cross-pieces, tripods, T-irons, and the threaded pipe elbows.
  • the articulation crosspieces exhibit dimensional deviations which, although small, are nevertheless noticeable and which are a source of difficulty during the subsequent machining and also during operation of the universal joint.
  • the articulation crosspieces thus manufactured have a burr (or flash) following the entire peripheral line and located in particular at the end faces of the cross arms, which makes subsequent machining difficult and costly.
  • the grain of the material extends parallel in all sections of the articulation crosspiece, so that the finished shaped component exhibits a diminished degree of toughness or reduced stresswithstanding properties in predetermined directions of an applied force.
  • a process for the compression forging of components from blanks in the form of bar sections which process includes pre-shaping a bar section by upsetting the bar section in a direction along its longitudinal axis, and supporting the upset bar section axially between co-operating dies and deforming the upset bar section to form a shaped component, whose shape is close to its final shape by transverse flow pressing of the upset bar section between the co-operating dies.
  • a blank is, after being severed from the bar, retained held against an upsetting means in a first deformation station between a holding means which is displaceable coaxially with respect to the press ram and is under resilient pressure, and is then, by axial upsetting with the aid of the press ram, preshaped to a pressing.
  • the pressing is then introduced, in a second deformation station, between two die halves which are disposed opposite each other and is, by a relative movement of the die halves and by means of transverse flow pressing deformed to a forged component similar to the final shape.
  • this process permits rational manufacture of the shaped components concerned, by automatic methods at a higher production rate, in a plurality of deformation stages following one after the other, this being something which hitherto had not been possible.
  • problems connected therewith such as the dimensional accuracy of the shaped components, the controlled discharge of the numerous sheared-off small burrs, the limitations of die wear, and the cooling of the matrix-side die halves, could not, in view of the enormous material stressing and the high production rate required, be solved together.
  • the process in accordance with the present invention affords this solution and in this way permits a considerable increase in production since, now, on an apparatus operating in accordance with the invention approximately pieces per minute can be produced as compared with the hitherto obtaining production of at maximum approximately 20 pieces per minute. Since all the shaped components travel through the same dies, they are absolutely identical and can be further machined without difficulty. Furthermore, however, also the grain configuration of the material resulting from deformation may be considered to be ideal in the case of the present invention. According to the abovementioned known process, the grain configuration is, for example in the manufacture of universal joints, practically parallel to the common axis of two articulation cross arms disposed opposite each other.
  • the grain run in the blank is, before deformation, parallel to the press axis and, during the upsetting step, the fibers are bulged out (see FIGS. 2 and 5 of the accompanying drawings) thus imparting an extraordinary degree of toughness to the material.
  • the intentional burr (or flash) produced during deformation may be considered to constitute a material buffer for compensating the volume differences in the bar section resulting from tolerance variations in the raw material.
  • the burr formation can be avoided because the excess material may be taken up in a portion to be punched out to form an aperture. It is also possible to restrict the aforementioned volume variations to a minimum from the outset, by rough turning or drawing the rolled bar stock. However, the formation of a burr will in many cases be unavoidable for reasons connected with costs and manufacturing techniques.
  • the process according to the invention may be supplemented by the arrangement whereby the two die halves are, at the points corresponding to the recesses in the shaped component (in view of the burr formation) approached to each other only up to a predetermined spaced relationship, the shaped component being ejected out of the die by at least one ejector and displaced by means of a transverse conveying device into a holding-on position before a burr removing station, whereupon the burr is sheared off in the burr-removal station between a female punching die and a male punching die, both the shaped component and also the sheared-off burr being retained until they are able, after the return travel of the male punch die to drop down unhindered.
  • apparatus for the compression forging of components from blanks in the form of bar sections comprising means for pre-shaping a bar section by upsetting it in a direction along its longitudinal axis, and means for supporting the upset bar section axially between co-operating dies having a shape close to the final shape of the component and for applying a pressure to the dies to deform the upset bar section into the dies by transverse flow pressing.
  • a blank severed from a bar is fed, in chronological sequence by a transverse conveying means, to an upsetting station and from the latter to a deformation station having a die.
  • the upsetting station has a ram mounted for sliding in the pressing direction, and coaxial thereto, a fixed counterholding means arranged opposite in spaced relationship, a holding pin resiliently pressed in the direction of the counter-holding means being mounted coaxially and for displacement in the ram.
  • a female die of the deformation station has a central ejector mounted for coaxial sliding therein, and the coaxially oppositely arranged ram or male die has a holding pin mounted for coaxial sliding movement therein and is resiliently urged in the direction of the female die.
  • the axial movement of the ejector relative to the ram or male die movement is so synchronized that the pressing first of all adopts a holding-on position between the holding pin and the ejector and, subsequently, due to axial advance of the male die and corresponding withdrawal of the ejector, is adapted to be pushed into the die mound and deformed.
  • a controlled ejector pin mounted for sliding parallel to the central ejector. Furthermore the two die halves disposed opposite each other are embraced by an annular matrix sealing the said halves off radially.
  • a burr-removing station is provided at which there are arranged tool elements provided with burr-removal edges, the female die being provided with a holding pin for retaining the shaped component in a holding-on position, there being furthermore provided in the ram body of the burr-removal station, for each burr on the shaped component to be punched off, a holding pin mounted for axial sliding movement and subjected to the influence of a resilient means which presses the holding pin during and after the burrremoval step against the associated burr and presses the latter against a front face, facing it, of the female die.
  • the ejector which is mounted in the deformation station and has the shape of an ejector pin may have a blind aperture bore connected to a source of coolant, there being formed in the walls of the ejector pin at least one passage bore extending practically transversely of the blind aperture bore and debouching into the same, to serve for the outflow of coolant on to the female-die-side die faces.
  • the resilient means may for example be a cup spring assembly, the ejector pin having a collar rigidly connected therewith and which, towards the end of the ejection movement, impinges on the cup spring assembly and biases the latter.
  • the ejector has a cylindrical section formed with a cooling bore and a sleeve mounted for sliding on the periphery of the said section, the sleeve being connected via two ejector pins of varying diameter arranged in a stepped bore with an actuating rod, and the female-die-side pin projecting, before commencement of the ejection step, to a predetermined extent into the bore of the thicker pin so that, due to the movement of the actuating rod first of all only the sleeve is advanced by the aforesaid amount and then the sleeve with the ejector section is advanced to a further extent.
  • FIG. 1 shows, as a simplified sectional view, an upsetting station into which a rod section to be deformed has just been introduced
  • FIG. 2 shows the upsetting station according to FIG. 1 shortly after completion of the upsetting step
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a deformation station, showing the pre-upset pressing shortly after withdrawal of conveying tongs or grippers,
  • FIGS. 4 to 8 show the individual processing phases through which the pressing passes in the deformation station according to FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 9 is a simplified sectional view of a burr-removal station, showing the blank shortly before initiation of the punching step,
  • FIGS. 10 to 12 show individual phases through which the blank passes in the de-burring station, in chronological sequence
  • FIGS. 13 and 14a to 14c each show a variant of the deformation station shown in FIG. 3, and
  • FIGS. 15 to 26 show examples of shaped components which may be produced on the device illustrated.
  • the upsetting station has a ram or male die 6 mounted for sliding movement in the pressing direction, i.e. in the direction of the arrow 5, and also disposed coaxially opposite the ram a stationary upsetting plate 7.
  • the ram 6 installed in a ram holder 8, with interpositioning of a sleeve or bush 9, may be driven for example by means of a cam disc or a crank mechanism; this drive is immaterial in the present connection and has therefore not been shown.
  • a retaining or holding pin 10 is mounted for coaxial sliding movement within a stepped bore in the ram 6.
  • the holding pin 10 is subjected to the influence of a spring 11 tending continuously to press it into the position shown in FIG. 1.
  • the shear blade 2 which is shown in broken lines has, together with the holding finger 3 after release of the bar section 1, been withdrawn from the latter and the bar section is then retained by spring pressure between the holding pin It) and the front face of the upsetting pin '7.
  • This intermediate position is necessary in order to ensure entirely satisfactory withdrawal of the shear blade 2 and the holding finger 3 before initiation of the upsetting step.
  • the fixed upsetting plate 7, mounted on an anvil 12 is retained in a mounting sleeve 13.
  • the upsetting plate may be supplied with coolant via a central bore 14.
  • the ram 6 Whilst the shear blade 2 has, together with the holding finger 3, been released from the section 1 and has travelled back into its starting position for shearing-off and engaging the next bar section, the ram 6 is advanced in the direction of arrow 5. As this takes place, the holding finger 10 is pushed, accompanied by compression of the spring 11, further into the ram 6. As soon as the front face 6a of the ram is flush with that of the holding finger 10, i.e. on impingement thereof on the section 1, also the holding finger 10 impinges on a stop and the bar section 1 is then pressed by the ram 6 and the holding finger 10, jointly, against the upsetting plate 7. During this procedure, the end phase of which is shown in FIG.
  • the bar section is deformed to afford a barrel-shaped pressing having precisely predetermined dimensions.
  • the ram holder 8, with the ram 6, is withdrawn in the direction of arrow 16, whereas the holding finger 10 still retains its position shown in FIG. 2 and holds the pressing 15 fast, until the latter is, for the purpose of further transport to the deformation station, engaged by a pair of grippers (not shown).
  • FIG. 3 shows the deformation station in which the pre-upset pressing 15 is put into the desired shape by means of a transverse flow pressing step.
  • the deformation station has a ram 17 into the front face of which a die half 180 has been machined.
  • a spring-biassed holding pin 19 is mounted for sliding movement within the ram 17, coaxial thereto.
  • a stationary female die 20 is disposed opposite the ram or male die 17.
  • a die half 1817 is provided in the front face of the female die 20 which faces the ram or male die 17.
  • the die 20 is retained in a female die holder 22 by an annular matrix 21 interposed therebetween.
  • the die 20 is formed with a central bore within which an ejector pin 23, coaxial with the ram 17 is slidable.
  • a plurality of ejector pins 24 the function of which will be described later. All the ejector pins 23 and 24 are connected with a sliding piston or plunger 25 controlled by a cam disc. The latter is unimportant for an understanding of the idea of the invention it has therefore not been shown.
  • the central ejector pin 23 is formed with a blind aperture bore 23a connected to which are transversely extending outflow ducts 25, 26, 27, 28 and so on.
  • the central bore 23a is connected to a source of coolant.
  • the pressing 15 has, after being introduced by the transverse conveying grippers (not shown) in the direction of arrow 29, been received by the facing end faces of the ejector pin 23 and of the holding pin 19.
  • the pressing 15 is thus retained in its position according to FIG. 3, so that the grippers have been able to open and return to the upsetting station.
  • the deformation step proper is initiated, the ram or male die 17 being first of all displaced in the direction of arrow 30 (FIG. 4) towards the female die.
  • the holding pin 19 reaches a position wherein its end face 19a is flush with the face of the die half 18a.
  • the pressing 15 is so pressedin between the ram 17 and the female die 20 that it completely fills the two die halves 18a and 1812.
  • special attention should be given to the grain run of the pressing material indicated in FIG. 5, which, in contradistinction to what obtains with hitherto known manufacturing methods, guarantees an especially high degree of resistance to stressing and in particular toughness of the final product.
  • FIG. 16 shows a plan view and FIG. 15 a section taken along the line XV-XV of FIG. 16, is a shaped component the individual section of which exhibit varying radial spacings relative to the axis M.
  • One of the spacings has been designated r by way of example in FIG. 16, whereas the other has been designated R.
  • This varying radial dimensioning of the various shaped component sections has, in the case of cross flow" pressing on automatic transverse convey.- ing presses hitherto been considered to represent a very considerable obstacle which could not be overcome using conventional means.
  • the ram 17 is lifted off from the female die 20 in the direction of arrow 33. Meanwhile, the holding pin 19 retains its position, under the influence of the spring acting on it and ejects the crosspiece blank 31 out of the die half 18a of the ram 17. The blank 31 is thus retained by the holding pin 19 in the female-die-side die half 18b.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
US00149743A 1970-06-05 1971-06-03 Method of and apparatus for compression forging of components Expired - Lifetime US3733873A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2027692A DE2027692B2 (de) 1970-06-05 1970-06-05 Quertransport-Warmgesenkschmiedepresse

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US3733873A true US3733873A (en) 1973-05-22

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US00149743A Expired - Lifetime US3733873A (en) 1970-06-05 1971-06-03 Method of and apparatus for compression forging of components

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US (1) US3733873A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5146060B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT312396B (fr)
BE (1) BE768015A (fr)
CH (1) CH539473A (fr)
DE (1) DE2027692B2 (fr)
FR (1) FR2094073B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1336186A (fr)
NL (1) NL161382C (fr)
SE (1) SE370644B (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4222260A (en) * 1978-05-15 1980-09-16 Wsp Industries Corporation Warm forging of connecting rod caps
US5119663A (en) * 1991-01-11 1992-06-09 Masco Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for cold extruding universal seal crosspieces
US5501092A (en) * 1993-07-14 1996-03-26 Hidaka Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Die-punch machine
EP1378303A2 (fr) * 2002-07-05 2004-01-07 Eifelwerk Heinrich Stein GmbH &Co.KG Dispositif de thermoformage
CN102773299A (zh) * 2011-05-10 2012-11-14 宁波佳比佳工贸有限公司 一种十字轴冷挤压模具
US20130319065A1 (en) * 2011-09-29 2013-12-05 Asahi Forge Corporation Hot forging press machine
CN104226809A (zh) * 2014-08-29 2014-12-24 如皋市大生线路器材有限公司 一种铁路高压线路用支撑单耳模具
CN106391970A (zh) * 2016-03-18 2017-02-15 国营第六六厂 钳口体和钳口镶块的凸凹装配结构
CN107983897A (zh) * 2017-12-11 2018-05-04 李永萍 一种锻造模具
CN112355220A (zh) * 2020-10-22 2021-02-12 日照超捷机械制造有限公司 一种用于钢支撑螺母锻打的自动下料传送设备
WO2023072765A1 (fr) * 2021-10-29 2023-05-04 Thomas Hrach Procédé et dispositif pour produire une pièce découpée calibrée

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2919337A1 (de) * 1979-05-14 1981-01-29 Msp Ind Verfahren und vorrichtung zum warmpressen von pleuelkopf-lagerdeckeln
FR2456573A1 (fr) * 1979-05-15 1980-12-12 Msp Ind Procede et dispositif de matricage de chapeaux de bielle
DE3304075A1 (de) * 1983-02-07 1984-08-09 Julius J. Fontana Calif. Fera Mantelring-baugruppe fuer das gratfreie praezisions-schmieden
US5099672A (en) * 1989-11-09 1992-03-31 Hatebur Umformmaschinen Ag Forming press
FR2670411B1 (fr) * 1990-12-14 1993-04-09 Ascometal Sa Dispositif de forgeage a mi-chaud d'une piece metallique et procede d'utilisation d'un tel dispositif.
DE10246940C5 (de) † 2002-10-08 2008-07-03 Thyssenkrupp Presta Ag Vorrichtung zum Querfließpressen von Werkstücken und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer derartigen Vorrichtung
CN112570609B (zh) * 2020-12-11 2021-12-03 江苏保捷锻压有限公司 一种内直孔件的锻造工艺

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB894359A (en) * 1958-01-28 1962-04-18 Textron Inc Method and machine for making a sleeve-like metal article

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4222260A (en) * 1978-05-15 1980-09-16 Wsp Industries Corporation Warm forging of connecting rod caps
US5119663A (en) * 1991-01-11 1992-06-09 Masco Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for cold extruding universal seal crosspieces
US5501092A (en) * 1993-07-14 1996-03-26 Hidaka Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Die-punch machine
EP1378303A2 (fr) * 2002-07-05 2004-01-07 Eifelwerk Heinrich Stein GmbH &Co.KG Dispositif de thermoformage
EP1378303A3 (fr) * 2002-07-05 2004-05-06 Eifelwerk Heinrich Stein GmbH &Co.KG Dispositif de thermoformage
CN102773299A (zh) * 2011-05-10 2012-11-14 宁波佳比佳工贸有限公司 一种十字轴冷挤压模具
US9233408B2 (en) * 2011-09-29 2016-01-12 Asahi Forge Corporation Hot forging press machine
US20130319065A1 (en) * 2011-09-29 2013-12-05 Asahi Forge Corporation Hot forging press machine
KR20140067968A (ko) * 2011-09-29 2014-06-05 아사히 포지 가부시키가이샤 열간 단조용 프레스 장치
CN104226809A (zh) * 2014-08-29 2014-12-24 如皋市大生线路器材有限公司 一种铁路高压线路用支撑单耳模具
CN104226809B (zh) * 2014-08-29 2016-06-08 如皋市大生线路器材有限公司 一种铁路高压线路用支撑单耳模具
CN106391970A (zh) * 2016-03-18 2017-02-15 国营第六六厂 钳口体和钳口镶块的凸凹装配结构
CN106391970B (zh) * 2016-03-18 2019-01-01 国营第六一六厂 钳口体和钳口镶块的凸凹装配结构
CN107983897A (zh) * 2017-12-11 2018-05-04 李永萍 一种锻造模具
CN112355220A (zh) * 2020-10-22 2021-02-12 日照超捷机械制造有限公司 一种用于钢支撑螺母锻打的自动下料传送设备
CN112355220B (zh) * 2020-10-22 2022-08-09 日照铸成机械制造有限公司 一种用于钢支撑螺母锻打的自动下料传送设备
WO2023072765A1 (fr) * 2021-10-29 2023-05-04 Thomas Hrach Procédé et dispositif pour produire une pièce découpée calibrée

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE768015A (fr) 1971-12-02
NL161382B (nl) 1979-09-17
GB1336186A (en) 1973-11-07
JPS5146060B1 (fr) 1976-12-07
SE370644B (fr) 1974-10-28
FR2094073A1 (fr) 1972-02-04
FR2094073B1 (fr) 1974-03-22
NL7107706A (fr) 1971-12-07
CH539473A (de) 1973-07-31
AT312396B (de) 1973-12-27
DE2027692A1 (de) 1972-04-13
NL161382C (nl) 1980-02-15
DE2027692B2 (de) 1974-01-03

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