US3719261A - Printing method and apparatus using conductive fusible ink - Google Patents

Printing method and apparatus using conductive fusible ink Download PDF

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Publication number
US3719261A
US3719261A US00088546A US3719261DA US3719261A US 3719261 A US3719261 A US 3719261A US 00088546 A US00088546 A US 00088546A US 3719261D A US3719261D A US 3719261DA US 3719261 A US3719261 A US 3719261A
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Prior art keywords
ink
printing
support
conductors
layer
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US00088546A
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English (en)
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P Heinzer
A Schweizer
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Battelle Memorial Institute Inc
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Battelle Memorial Institute Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M1/00—Inking and printing with a printer's forme
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C1/00—Forme preparation
    • B41C1/10—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme
    • B41C1/105—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme by electrocoagulation, by electro-adhesion or by electro-releasing of material, e.g. a liquid from a gel

Definitions

  • the invention provides a method of and an apparatus for electrically printing an outline on paper.
  • an ink support of greater transverse than superficial [30] Forelgn Apphcahon Priority conductivity has one surface covered with a solid and Nov. 12,1969 Switzerland ..16803/69 fusible conductive ink. Pairs of points defining the desired outline are selected on the support. One point 1 01/1, 346/76 R, of each selected pair is connected to one pole of a 346/140 current source and the point of each selected pair is Cl.
  • the apparatus comprises an endless tape; inking means for Hlbbal'd conductive ink to one of the tape; a 2'539874 V1951 stockflehm 346/76RX printing head providing a plurality of localized con- 2,667,402 1/1954 Traugott 346/76 RX t t th ta l t h l t d th 2,713,822 7/1955 Newman...
  • the conductive substance is however not ink but an oleophilic substance and the outline that is produced in this manner on the offset plate must subsequently be inked in the usual way and transferred on to paper. Even if the outline made on the offset plate by the oleophilic substance were visible, the manner of producing this outline could not be assimilated to a printing method; it is only one stage in such a method.
  • a method of electrically printing an outline with a conductive ink which comprises spreading in the hot state on a support, having at least a plurality of points distributed over its area of an electrical conductivity greater in the direction of its thickness (transverse conductivity) than in the direction of its surface (surface conductivity), 3 layer of conductive ink which is solid at ambient temperature and which is fusible when heated; cooling the ink until it solidifies; placing said layer of ink, when solid, in contact with an impression support having a surface capable of picking up the ink when molten; selecting among said plurality of points a number of pairs each of which defines a line forming a portion of the outline to be printed; and connecting one point of each selected pair to one pole of an electric current source and the other point of each selected pair to the opposite pole of said source to cause electric current to flow in the layer of ink along the rectilinear paths extending between the points of said selected pairs, the intensity of the current being such as to heat and
  • the invention also provides apparatus for electrically printing an outline with a conductive ink, which comprises an ink support consisting of an endless tape having at least a plurality of points distributed over its area with an electrical conductivity greater in the direction of its thickness than in the direction of its surface; inking means which are adapted to hold a supply of solid and fusible conductive ink and which include means for keeping at least part of said supply in a molten state and means for depositing on the tape an even layer of said ink; printing means including a backing member and a printing head which are placed on opposite sides of the tape, said head having a plurality of electrodes which are electrically insulated from each other and whose tips are distributed in one surface of the head, said surface being adapted to come into operative contact with the tape and form a plurality of localized electrical contacts between the tape and the head; a first drive and guide system for successively moving the tape through the inking means and through the printing means; a second drive and guide system for feeding an impression support between the tape and the backing member of said printing means
  • FIG. I is a sectional view of various elements which illustrate the printing method according the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view along line II-Il of FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 3 and I show printed outlines illustrating the method
  • FIG. 5 is a partly sectional view showing one embodi ment of the printing apparatus according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows a detail of FIG. 5 on an enlarged scale.
  • a solid ink is formed by a waxy mass acting as a vehicle, i.e., as a binder, for one or more coloring'substances and one or more pigments.
  • a binder for one or more coloring'substances and one or more pigments.
  • auxiliary products are also added to this mixture, in particular stabilizing agents for stabilizing pigment dispersion, thickening agents for establishing the viscosity of the ink when preparing the mixture in the liquid state, and an agent for increasing the depth of color in the final product.
  • the binder consists of a mixture of refined natural wax (e.g. carnauba wax, ozokerite, microwachs" and paraffin), of modified natural wax (e.g.
  • the coloring substances are basic coloring substances (e.g. triphenylmethanes, triarylmethanes and phenazines) which are treated with an acid agent (e.g. saturated or unsaturated fatty acids and acid waxes) to produce complexes that are soluble in the vehicle.
  • the pigment is a dark pigment, generally lamp black.
  • the dispersion stabilizing agents are antifriction greases (e.g.
  • thickening agents these generally consist of polyethylene or aluminum stearate.
  • a conductive ink must contain, besides the usual ingredients listed above, a conduction agent.
  • the conduction agent consists of microscopic particles which contain or are made of a good electricity conducting material and which are dispersed in the binder mass in the same way as the other constituents. The concentration of conduction particles is so chosen that the product, once hardened by cooling, should have appreciable electric conductivity.
  • Suitable electricity conducting material for the particles zinc and copper may be used. These metals are comminuted into microscopic fragments to form the above particles, these being incorporated in the mixture at some stage or other of its preparation.
  • a conductive ink which is black graphite can be used to advantage for the conductive material.
  • some modification should be made to the composition of the binder, the basic ingredient becoming a synthetic wax instead of a natural wax. This involves also making changes as regards the choice and concentration of the plasticiziers so as partly to cancel out the increase in the point of liquifaction brought about by the change in basic ingredient.
  • the preferred way of carrying out the method according to the invention consists in heating a conductive ink of the kind just described and in spreading a thin layer of the ink over the surface of a support of insulating material having a plurality of zones having high electric conductivity, so that the support has a conductivity which is high when a potential difference is applied across its thickness but is low when this potential difference is applied across its surface.
  • a support can for instance consist of a sheet 1 of insulating material through which extends a plurality of very fine electric conductors 2.
  • the conductor tips 3 that are located to the side 4 of the sheet over which is applied a layer of ink 5 are made flush with the surface.
  • the layer of ink is applied hot in the liquid state and the ink is then allowed to cool.
  • a sheet 7 is pressed on to the layer 5 with a clamp 6.
  • the conductors are selected those pairs whose tips form the ends of the constituent lines of the pattern or outline to be printed, one conductor in each selected pair being connected to one pole of an electric current source and the other conductor in each selected pair being connected to the opposite pole of the current source so that with each selected pair there may be formed an electric circuit of which one portion is made up by the ink lying between the tips of the two conductors forming the pair.
  • one of the selected pairs consists of conductors 2b and 20; these conductors are respectively connected by lines 8b and 8c to the positive and negative poles of an electric source (not shown).
  • An electric circuit is thus formed which includes that part of the layer of conductive ink lying between the tips 3b and 3c of these conductors.
  • Each selected pair of conductors thus causes a rectilinear line to appear on the paper 7 and the resulting rectilinear lines together produce an impression in broken line form of the outline defined by all of the selected pairs.
  • the impression is said to be in broken line form because the outline is made up of a succession of lines 17 but these lines are not necessarily separated from each other by intervals 16 as is the case with the outline visible in FIG. 3: they may be in contacting relationship and be joined together by angles 17, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the support when constituted as described imposes a rigid pattern to any outline it can print.
  • This rigidity of this pattern is due to the fact that the conductors 2 necessarily are in predetermined locations in the sheet of insulating material 1.
  • the broken line outline that can be printed is limited to a set of lines oriented in two orthogonal directions and possibly of lines oriented at 45 to the first (i.e. diagonally of the square grid marked out by the tips 3).
  • FIG. 2 where the square grid marked out by the conductor tips 3 is clearly apparent: any lines making up a printed outline can only be oriented along the orthogonal directions 10, 10' and 11, 11' and possibly along the orthogonal directions 12, 12' and 13, 13' which are inclined by 45 in relation to the first pair of orthogonal directions.
  • W68. 5 and 6 It comprises an ink support consisting of an endless tape which is driven in the direction of arrow 22 by a first drive mechanism, 21, along a closed loop path defined by rollers 23 to 29, which form a first guide system.
  • the tape 20 passes through inking means 30 which comprises a supply of ink 31 kept in a molten state by a heating resistance 32 fed by a source of electric current 33.
  • the ink supply 31 is contained in a receptacle 34 and the rollers 23 and 24 are so located as to compel the tape to become immersed in the molten ink 31.
  • a doctor blade 35 scrapes off any ink adhering to the surface 36 of the tape 20 on the inside of the closed loop, and a resilient spatula 37 evens out the layer of ink 38 adhering to the surface 39 of the tape of the outside of the closed loop.
  • the tape 20 then passes through printing means 40 which comprise a backing member 41 and a printinghead 42 respectively placed on the outside and on the inside of the tape 20.
  • the ink support, formed by the tape 20 and the impression support, formed by the tape 51, or paper strip, must move in synchronism. That is why the second drive mechanism 43 acts simultaneously on the roller 49 which belongs to the second guide system (for the paper strip 51) and on the roller 27 which belongs to the first guide system (for the tape 20).
  • the printing means 40 are shown in greater detail in FIG. 6.
  • the backing member 41 the paper strip 51, which forms the impression support
  • the tape 20 which forms the ink support
  • the layer of solid conductive ink 38 coating the latter The transverse conductivity of this ink support is due here to the presence of a plurality of small conductor elements 52 which are embedded in the synthetic material 53 of the tape 20 and which are transversely oriented to the tape, i.e., at right angles to its plane, so as to provide a multitude of electrical connections between its opposite surfaces. These conductor elements thus play a similar role to that of the conductors 2a-2e visible in FIG. 1.
  • the noninked surface 36 of the tape 20 comes into contact with the upper surface 54 of the impression head 42.
  • This surface 54 is fitted with electrodes 55 which provide a plurality of substantially pin-point contacts between the tape and the printing head, and it constitutes the operative surface of the latter.
  • the printing apparatus moreover comprises a selection circuit 56 to which each of the electrodes 55 is individually connected by an electric line formed by one of the strands of a multistrand conductor 57.
  • This selection circuit is of any suitable type capable of selecting among the electrodes 55 a certain number of pairs, e.g., the pairs 55b, 55c; 55c, 55d,- 55f, 55g, and of connecting one electrode of each pair, e.g., the electrode 550 that is common to the pairs 55b, 55 c and 55c, 55d and the electrode 55g in the pair 55f, 55g, to one pole, e.g., the positive pole, of a current source 58 and of connecting the other electrodes, i.e., in the selected example, the electrodes 55b, 55d and 55f, to the other pole, to wit the negative pole of this current source.
  • Selection is effected in such a way that the rectilinear paths 59 along which electric current will flow inside the layer of conductive ink 38 trace out the selected outline and this selection is governed by control signals, e.g., binary signals, fed to the selection circuit by a control line 60.
  • control signals e.g., binary signals
  • the tape 38 is preferably moved in a steady continuous manner through the inking means 30, it is required to move in a discontinuous manner through the printing means 40, so that the rectilinear paths 59 may have current flowing therealong while it is stationary in relation to the printing head 42. That is why in the first guide system two of the rollers, 28 and 25, are movably mounted and are attached to springs 73 and 74, respectively, these rollers acting as tensioning rollers to enable a pair of take-up loops 61 and 62 to vary their length to compensate for any difference between the instantaneous speeds of the tape at the printing means 40 and at the inking means 30.
  • the selection circuit 56 and the second drive mechanism 43 are of course synchronized, this being diagrammatically illustrated by a synchronization line 63.
  • the illustrated printing apparatus operates as follows: the tape 20 as it travels steadily and continuously through the inking means 30 becomes covered on both sides with a layer of ink.
  • the layer 38 on the surface of the tape on the outside of the closed loop formed thereby is smoothed by the resilient spatula 37 and the other layer of ink covering the tape surface on the inside of the closed loop is scraped off by the doctor blade 35.
  • the layer of ink 38 cools and solidifies.
  • the tape thus inked comes into contact with the strip of paper 51 and both travel through the printing means 40 at the same time.
  • the synchronization of these various operations is ensured by the synchronization line 63.
  • the current flowing along the rectilinear paths 59 which come to be located in the layer of ink 38 between the tips of the various transverse conductor elements that are in contact with the selected electrodes causes the ink in these paths to melt.
  • the paper strip 51 picks up this molten ink and thus becomes covered with corresponding ink lines (see for instance the ink lines 64 and 65), leaving indentations in the layer of ink 38 on tape 20 as it issues from the inking means (see for example the indents 66 and 67).
  • the backing member 41 and the printing head 42 are here subjected to the action of compression springs 68 and 69 tending to press them resiliently towards one another.
  • the pressure exerted by these spring must of course be released when the tape and the strip 51 are driven forward.
  • the springs 68 and 69 are therefore mounted on movable bearing members 70 and 71 which are subjected to the action of a clamping and releasing mechanism diagrammatically illustrated by the block 72.
  • the impression support instead of being a strip of paper moving in the same direction as the tape 20, could consist of a sheet of paper in which case the tape 20 comes into contact with the latter along the space to be occupied by a line of print on the sheet.
  • the printing head 42 and the backing member 41 are of a size such that they can print a full line of alphanumerical characters all at once, and for the two drive and guide systems to be so designed that the tape 20 and the sheet of paper will move at right angles to each other and to an extent such that, after the printing of a line on the sheet, the tape 20 will move in the direction of arrow 22 by a distance sufficient for a virgin or regenerated portion of tape to lie between the head 42 and the member 41, and the sheet of paper will move at right angles to the arrow 22 by a distance such as to bring the space to be occupied by the next line of print opposite the tape 20.
  • This variant would thus give line by line printing.
  • the printing head 42 is of a size such as to correspond to one character and is made to move along the tape 20 in a stepped or discontinuous manner to cause it successively to occupy the several character-receiving locations comprised by one line of print on a sheet.
  • This variant thus leads to a characterby-character printing in the manner of a typewriter fitted with a swivelling printing head.
  • the tape 20 and the printing head 42 have a width such that they will cover an entire sheet.
  • the printing apparatus can thus become a fullscale printshop printing machine able to print page by page.
  • the paper would be made to move past the printing head 42 in the form either of successive, individual, sheets or in the form of a continuous band having a width corresponding to the width or length of the sheets to be printed, with the band moving either parallel to the tape, as in FIG. 1, or at right angles thereto, as just described in connection with the first variant.
  • said ink support is a continuous strip, further comprising the step of advancing said strip past said array so that successive portions of said strip come into contact with the electric conductors of said array.
  • An apparatus for printing with an electrically conductive fusible ink on a printing medium comprising:
  • an ink support having two parallel surfaces whereof a first surface is covered with a solid layer of said conductive ink, said ink support having a plurality of narrow electrically conductive zones uniformly arranged to extend transversely in closely spaced side-by-side relationship between said first and second surfaces of the ink support, said zones being electrically insulated from one another in the support;
  • a printing head having an array of electric conductors for selectively providing different printing patterns
  • selection circuit means associated with the printing head for receiving control signals from a data source and for connecting selected pairs of said conductors to a current source in accordance with said control signals;
  • first drive and guide means for placing said ink support with said ink layer facing said backing member and with said second surface thereof adjacent to said printing head for contact thereof with the conductors of said array;

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Impression-Transfer Materials And Handling Thereof (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Fax Reproducing Arrangements (AREA)
US00088546A 1969-11-12 1970-11-12 Printing method and apparatus using conductive fusible ink Expired - Lifetime US3719261A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1680369A CH532479A (fr) 1969-11-12 1969-11-12 Procédé d'impression électrique d'un tracé à l'aide d'une encre conductrice et fusible

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US3719261A true US3719261A (en) 1973-03-06

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US (1) US3719261A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4822764B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA931205A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH532479A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2056871C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK125122B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2069525A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1323770A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7016517A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE374316B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3955204A (en) * 1973-10-24 1976-05-04 Triumph Werke Nurnberg A.G. Thermoelectric matrix printing head
US3995729A (en) * 1973-08-07 1976-12-07 Triumph Werke Nurnberg A.G. Impactless printing apparatus
US4039065A (en) * 1972-08-15 1977-08-02 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Thermal printer
US4064982A (en) * 1976-09-20 1977-12-27 Triumph Werke Nurnberg A.G. Printing ribbon
US4122459A (en) * 1977-07-18 1978-10-24 Raytheon Company Ink feed system
US4151397A (en) * 1977-08-12 1979-04-24 E-Systems, Inc. Self-aligning thermal print head
US4236834A (en) * 1978-09-28 1980-12-02 International Business Machines Corporation Electrothermal printing apparatus
US4251276A (en) * 1979-09-05 1981-02-17 Liquid Paper Corporation Thermally activated ink and transfer method
EP0021098A3 (en) * 1979-06-29 1981-11-11 International Business Machines Corporation Apparatus for re-inking a ribbon in a thermal transfer printing system
US4329071A (en) * 1980-06-30 1982-05-11 International Business Machines Corporation Current collector for resistive ribbon printers
US4354914A (en) * 1981-04-06 1982-10-19 Electromark, Div. Of Mohawk International Inc. Marking head for electrochemical process
US4359748A (en) * 1979-07-09 1982-11-16 Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.P.A. Device and method of non impact printing
FR2506224A1 (fr) * 1981-05-19 1982-11-26 Ricoh Kk Procede et appareil d'enregistrement sans percussion
US4369451A (en) * 1979-10-30 1983-01-18 Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. Thermal printing device
US4414555A (en) * 1982-05-07 1983-11-08 Xerox Corporation Method and apparatus for replenishing marking material to a donor ribbon in a thermal marking printer system
US4465389A (en) * 1981-09-21 1984-08-14 Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.P.A. Thermosensitive inked element for non-impact printers
US4484200A (en) * 1981-06-19 1984-11-20 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Non-impact recording apparatus
US4514744A (en) * 1982-09-24 1985-04-30 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Electrostatic copying device employing thermally fluidizable medium on photosensitive belt
US4556891A (en) * 1983-03-18 1985-12-03 Kabushiki Kaisha Suwa Seikosha Printing apparatus and method
US4598302A (en) * 1985-06-20 1986-07-01 Kyocera Corporation Transfer type recording apparatus
US4630075A (en) * 1984-05-29 1986-12-16 Elm Co. Ltd. Cassette-type printing head
US4695847A (en) * 1985-03-05 1987-09-22 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for recording
US4781113A (en) * 1986-03-19 1988-11-01 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Electric conduction printer
US4798483A (en) * 1986-07-31 1989-01-17 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Electrothermal printing apparatus with electrodes usable as current supply or return
US5170187A (en) * 1990-03-06 1992-12-08 Nec Corporation Ink supply mechanism for a thermal ink-jet recording apparatus
US6491220B1 (en) 2000-11-01 2002-12-10 International Business Machines Corporation Resistive page counting for paper tablets
US6702968B2 (en) * 2001-09-17 2004-03-09 Michael J. Stevenson Printed circuit techniques for polyethylene surfaces
US20050193923A1 (en) * 1999-05-24 2005-09-08 Goldman Gordon K. System for treating petroleum and petrochemical slop oil and sludge wastes

Families Citing this family (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH553065A (fr) * 1972-04-26 1974-08-30 Battelle Memorial Institute Ruban a conductivite electrique anisotrope.
CH559634A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-05-31 1975-03-14 Battelle Memorial Institute
US4103066A (en) * 1977-10-17 1978-07-25 International Business Machines Corporation Polycarbonate ribbon for non-impact printing
BE885711A (fr) * 1979-07-02 1981-02-02 Milliken Res Corp Procede et appareil d'impression d'un support par un champ electrique

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US2539874A (en) * 1947-01-28 1951-01-30 Stockfleth Berger Card marker
US2713822A (en) * 1948-12-20 1955-07-26 Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Planographic printing
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US3038994A (en) * 1957-05-20 1962-06-12 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Heat-sensitive recorder
US3120662A (en) * 1957-05-24 1964-02-04 Timefax Corp Facsimile recording on dry electrolytic blanks
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US3495268A (en) * 1966-03-15 1970-02-10 Mohawk Data Sciences Corp Continuously moving endless band non-impact transfer printer
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Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4039065A (en) * 1972-08-15 1977-08-02 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Thermal printer
US3995729A (en) * 1973-08-07 1976-12-07 Triumph Werke Nurnberg A.G. Impactless printing apparatus
US3955204A (en) * 1973-10-24 1976-05-04 Triumph Werke Nurnberg A.G. Thermoelectric matrix printing head
US4064982A (en) * 1976-09-20 1977-12-27 Triumph Werke Nurnberg A.G. Printing ribbon
US4122459A (en) * 1977-07-18 1978-10-24 Raytheon Company Ink feed system
US4151397A (en) * 1977-08-12 1979-04-24 E-Systems, Inc. Self-aligning thermal print head
US4236834A (en) * 1978-09-28 1980-12-02 International Business Machines Corporation Electrothermal printing apparatus
EP0021098A3 (en) * 1979-06-29 1981-11-11 International Business Machines Corporation Apparatus for re-inking a ribbon in a thermal transfer printing system
US4359748A (en) * 1979-07-09 1982-11-16 Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.P.A. Device and method of non impact printing
US4251276A (en) * 1979-09-05 1981-02-17 Liquid Paper Corporation Thermally activated ink and transfer method
US4369451A (en) * 1979-10-30 1983-01-18 Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. Thermal printing device
US4329071A (en) * 1980-06-30 1982-05-11 International Business Machines Corporation Current collector for resistive ribbon printers
US4354914A (en) * 1981-04-06 1982-10-19 Electromark, Div. Of Mohawk International Inc. Marking head for electrochemical process
FR2506224A1 (fr) * 1981-05-19 1982-11-26 Ricoh Kk Procede et appareil d'enregistrement sans percussion
US4425569A (en) 1981-05-19 1984-01-10 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Non-impact recording method and apparatus
US4484200A (en) * 1981-06-19 1984-11-20 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Non-impact recording apparatus
US4465389A (en) * 1981-09-21 1984-08-14 Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.P.A. Thermosensitive inked element for non-impact printers
US4414555A (en) * 1982-05-07 1983-11-08 Xerox Corporation Method and apparatus for replenishing marking material to a donor ribbon in a thermal marking printer system
US4514744A (en) * 1982-09-24 1985-04-30 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Electrostatic copying device employing thermally fluidizable medium on photosensitive belt
US4556891A (en) * 1983-03-18 1985-12-03 Kabushiki Kaisha Suwa Seikosha Printing apparatus and method
US4630075A (en) * 1984-05-29 1986-12-16 Elm Co. Ltd. Cassette-type printing head
US4695847A (en) * 1985-03-05 1987-09-22 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for recording
US4598302A (en) * 1985-06-20 1986-07-01 Kyocera Corporation Transfer type recording apparatus
US4781113A (en) * 1986-03-19 1988-11-01 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Electric conduction printer
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH532479A (fr) 1973-01-15
DE2056871B2 (de) 1973-08-02
DE2056871A1 (de) 1971-05-19
SE374316B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-03-03
JPS4822764B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-07-09
NL7016517A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-05-14
GB1323770A (en) 1973-07-18
CA931205A (en) 1973-07-31
FR2069525A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-09-03
DK125122B (da) 1973-01-02
DE2056871C3 (de) 1974-03-07

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