US3712067A - Method and an apparatus for compacting a loosely packed layer of earth - Google Patents

Method and an apparatus for compacting a loosely packed layer of earth Download PDF

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Publication number
US3712067A
US3712067A US00106090A US3712067DA US3712067A US 3712067 A US3712067 A US 3712067A US 00106090 A US00106090 A US 00106090A US 3712067D A US3712067D A US 3712067DA US 3712067 A US3712067 A US 3712067A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
earth
closing member
layer
compacted
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00106090A
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English (en)
Inventor
Weele A Van
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tot Aanneming Van Werken Voorheen HJ Nederhorst NV
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Tot Aanneming Van Werken Voorheen HJ Nederhorst NV
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/046—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil
    • E02D3/054—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil involving penetration of the soil, e.g. vibroflotation

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method of compacting a loosely packed layer of earth. According to this method a tube is vibrated into 'the earth, which tube accommodates a closing member at a distance from the underside of the tube which substantially corresponds to the distance from the ground level to the upper side of the layer of earth to be compacted.
  • a vibrator is-introduced into the earth, which vibrator consists of a steel cylinder closed at its lower end with a conical point and attached at its upper end to extension elements via an elastic coupling.
  • the vibrator contains an electric motor which, in operation, drives eccentric impact weights, causing a vibrating motion to be imparted to the vibrator.
  • the vibrator is lowered by supplying water at the point, causing it to descend by its own weight. As soon as the required depth has been reached, the supply of water near the point is shut off, whereupon the water is discharged at the neck of the vibrator.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that a tube is vibrated into the earth, said tube accommodating a closing member at a distance from the underside of the tube which substantially corresponds to the distance from the ground level to the upper side of the layer of earth to be compacted, earth being received in the tube while this tube is being vibrated into the earth, until this earth within the tube strikes the closing member at the time that the underside of the tube has reached approximately the upper side of the layer of earth to be compacted, whereupon, in the further course of the tube being vibrated downwardly to the required depth, earth is displaced in the layer of earth to be compacted, whereafter the tube is vibratingly lifted and the earth which has been received in the tube leaves the tube and is left in the ground.
  • a hollow tube is applied, which produces practically no displacement of earth while being passed through the layers situated above the layer of earth to be compacted, because the earth is received in the tube during this operation.
  • This enables the tube to be lowered very rapidly through the upper layers. Only after the lower end of the tube has approximately reached the upper side of the layer of earth which is to be compacted, the closing member prevents any further penetration of earth into the tube, so that the tube from then on functions as though it were closed at the underside.
  • the volume of earth displaced thereby will correspond to the volume of the earth-filled portion of the tube that is received in the layer of earth to be compacted.
  • the tube after having reached the required depth, is vibratingly lifted leaving the earth contained in the tube behind in the ground, so that the compaction resulting from the earth displacement is preserved.
  • the supplementary compaction obtained by the vibration of the tube may be influenced.
  • the method according to the invention offers substantial advantages as compared to the known method, if the density of the upper layers is of such a nature that these upper layers need not be compacted themselves and if the kinds of soil that occur in these upper layers are suitable indeed for use in compacting the underlying, loosely packed layer of earth.
  • the invention further relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method described hereinbefore.
  • This apparatus comprises a tube within which an intermediate closing member is accommodated, said closing member being pervious to air.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents the various phases of the method according to the invention for compacting a loosely packed layer of earth. 4
  • FIG. 2 is a partial vertical section of a first embodiment of the tube shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial vertical section of a second embodiment of the tube shown in FIG. 1.
  • a loosely packed, noncohesive layer of earth, in particular a sand layer, superposed by dense layers of earth, is compacted.
  • the location of the various layers is established beforehand 'by means of a probing operation.
  • the probing resistance in kg/cm is indicated on the abscissa, while the depth of the earth layers below the ground level in meters is indicated on the ordinate.
  • the result of the probing operation is indicated by the probing graph.
  • a tube 1 which is open at the underside and which has a diameter of, for example, 60 centimeters, is set up at ground level together with a superposed vibrator 2 (Phase I), and is subsequently vibrated into the earth.
  • This tube 1 receives earth 4 while being vibrated into the earth, until this earth 4 within the tube 1 strikes the closing member 3 at the time that the lower end of the tube 1 has reached approximately the upper side of the layer of earth which is to be compacted (Phase II).
  • the closing member 3 in order to allow the earth 4 contained in the tube 1 to be discharged during the lifting of the tube 1, the closing member 3 should be pervious to air, so as to prevent the appearance of a vacuum. Further, the closing member 3 should be permeable to water so that sub-soil water may pass therethrough while the tube 1 is being vibrated into the earth.
  • the portion of the tube 1 situated above the closing member 3 may be filled with a liquid, in particular with water after the tube 1 has been vibrated to the required depth but prior to the lifting of the tube 1. This liquid passes the closing member 3 while the tube 1 is being lifted, which tends to improve the discharge of earth 4 from the tube 1.
  • the closing member is a perforated transverse partition plate 3', the size of the perforations being selected in such manner, that no earth can pass.
  • FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the tube 1, wherein the closing member consists of a non-return valve 3", which is of particular value if the distance from the ground level to the upper side of the layer of earth to be compacted is smaller than the height of the layer of earth to be compacted.
  • This non-return valve 3" comprises a valve plate 5, which is pivotally mounted on an eccentric transverse shaft 6 connected to the tube 1. The valve plate is shown in the closed position wherein this plate 5 contacts the stops 7. in its opened position the valve plate 5 abuts against a stop 8 and is downwardly inclined.
  • the valve plate 5 remains open until the earth received in the tube 1 comes into contact with the lower edge of the valve plate 5 and exerts a torque thereon.
  • valve plate 5 Due to this torque the valve plate 5 is pivoted toward its closed position and prevents the earth received in the tube 1 to raise beyond this valve plate 5.
  • Earth in particular sand, is supplied into the tube 1 from the upper side after the tube 1 has been vibrated to the required depth but prior to its withdrawal, which earth passes the valve 3" while the tube 1 is being lifted and remains behind in the ground (Column 9).
  • the tube 1 is provided with a lower cutting edge 10.
  • supply means 11 may feed a lubricant, such as bentonite or water, into the lower end portion of the tube 1, which lubricant reduces the friction between the earth 4 as it enters the tube 1 and the inner surface of the tube 1.
  • a pressure medium may be supplied through at least one supply pipe 12 which extends in the longitudinal direction of the tube 1 and which ends near the underside of the tube 1. This supply pipe is connected to the outer wall of the tube 1.
  • a method for compacting a loosely packed layer of earth by a tube having a closing member therein at a distance from the lower end of the tube which distance substantially corresponds to the distance from the ground level to the upper side of the layer of earth to be compacted comprising the steps of: concurrently driving and vibrating the tube into the earth while permitting the tube to receive earth until the level of earth within the tube reaches the closing member and the lower end of the tube concurrently has reached substantially the upper level of the layer of earth to be compacted; then continuously downwardly driving and vibrating the tube into the layer of the earth to be compacted to a predetermined depth for compacting the displacing the earth contained in the layer of earth to be compacted; and subsequently raising said tube while simultaneously vibrating the latter so as to cause the earth in the tube to be ejected therefrom to remain in the ground upon withdrawal of said tube to replace the earth displaced during said compacting step.
  • An apparatus for compacting a loosely packed layer of earth comprising a tube; a cutting edge provided at the lower end of said tube for facilitating the driving operation thereof into the layer of earth and a closing member located within said tube at a substantial distance from the lower end of said tube, said closing member being pervious to air.
  • the apparatus according to claim 4 comprising at least one supply pipe extending along the longitudinal direction of said tube and being connected to the outer wall thereof, said supply pipe having one end mounted adjacent the lower end of said tube and the other end adapted to be connected to a pressure medium supply 10.
  • said source. lubricant is bentonite.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Underground Or Underwater Handling Of Building Materials (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)
US00106090A 1970-01-14 1971-01-13 Method and an apparatus for compacting a loosely packed layer of earth Expired - Lifetime US3712067A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL707000539A NL140026B (nl) 1970-01-14 1970-01-14 Werkwijze en inrichting voor het verdichten van een losgepakte grondlaag.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3712067A true US3712067A (en) 1973-01-23

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US00106090A Expired - Lifetime US3712067A (en) 1970-01-14 1971-01-13 Method and an apparatus for compacting a loosely packed layer of earth

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3712067A (xx)
JP (1) JPS492525B1 (xx)
BE (1) BE760651A (xx)
DE (1) DE2101298A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR2075521A5 (xx)
GB (1) GB1301404A (xx)
NL (1) NL140026B (xx)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4126999A (en) * 1976-06-30 1978-11-28 Joris Kniep Device for vibrating the soil
US4504176A (en) * 1982-06-02 1985-03-12 Byggnads-& Industriservice Ab Binab Method for compacting compactable soils by vibration
CN102312439A (zh) * 2011-07-07 2012-01-11 建研地基基础工程有限责任公司 振动锤管处理液化地基的装置及其处理方法
CN110284487A (zh) * 2019-06-04 2019-09-27 东南大学 振杆密实法处理湿陷性黄土地基的方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2576507A (en) * 1949-02-14 1951-11-27 Ben C Gerwick Inc Hollow mandrel for placement of discrete material
US2719029A (en) * 1954-01-28 1955-09-27 Steuerman Sergey Storing and compacting of granular materials in ships' holds, railway cars, silos, and the like
US3352160A (en) * 1965-07-21 1967-11-14 Wadsworth W Mount Coring apparatus
US3498066A (en) * 1967-03-12 1970-03-03 Mitsuo Nishimura Soil compacting method and a means therefor
US3540225A (en) * 1968-01-19 1970-11-17 Ludwig Muller Construction pile and a method of producing same in situ
US3608317A (en) * 1969-08-06 1971-09-28 Richard E Landau Formation and backfill of cavities in soil by jetting

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2576507A (en) * 1949-02-14 1951-11-27 Ben C Gerwick Inc Hollow mandrel for placement of discrete material
US2719029A (en) * 1954-01-28 1955-09-27 Steuerman Sergey Storing and compacting of granular materials in ships' holds, railway cars, silos, and the like
US3352160A (en) * 1965-07-21 1967-11-14 Wadsworth W Mount Coring apparatus
US3498066A (en) * 1967-03-12 1970-03-03 Mitsuo Nishimura Soil compacting method and a means therefor
US3540225A (en) * 1968-01-19 1970-11-17 Ludwig Muller Construction pile and a method of producing same in situ
US3608317A (en) * 1969-08-06 1971-09-28 Richard E Landau Formation and backfill of cavities in soil by jetting

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4126999A (en) * 1976-06-30 1978-11-28 Joris Kniep Device for vibrating the soil
US4504176A (en) * 1982-06-02 1985-03-12 Byggnads-& Industriservice Ab Binab Method for compacting compactable soils by vibration
CN102312439A (zh) * 2011-07-07 2012-01-11 建研地基基础工程有限责任公司 振动锤管处理液化地基的装置及其处理方法
CN110284487A (zh) * 2019-06-04 2019-09-27 东南大学 振杆密实法处理湿陷性黄土地基的方法
CN110284487B (zh) * 2019-06-04 2020-11-27 东南大学 振杆密实法处理湿陷性黄土地基的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL140026B (nl) 1973-10-15
GB1301404A (xx) 1972-12-29
DE2101298A1 (de) 1971-07-22
FR2075521A5 (xx) 1971-10-08
NL7000539A (xx) 1971-07-16
BE760651A (nl) 1971-05-27
JPS492525B1 (xx) 1974-01-21

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