US3703278A - Furnace for sintering powder - Google Patents

Furnace for sintering powder Download PDF

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Publication number
US3703278A
US3703278A US161200A US3703278DA US3703278A US 3703278 A US3703278 A US 3703278A US 161200 A US161200 A US 161200A US 3703278D A US3703278D A US 3703278DA US 3703278 A US3703278 A US 3703278A
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United States
Prior art keywords
annular part
furnace
valve plate
end closure
powder
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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US161200A
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English (en)
Inventor
Sven-Erik Isaksson
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ABB Norden Holding AB
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ASEA AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/001—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a flexible element, e.g. diaphragm, urged by fluid pressure; Isostatic presses
    • B30B11/002—Isostatic press chambers; Press stands therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/32—Burning methods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/32—Burning methods
    • C04B33/326—Burning methods under pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Sintered bodies are formed from powder material by sintering a body produced from a powder at atmospheric pressure or below and at such a temperature that the powder grains adhere to each other and thereafter isostatically hot pressing the sintered bodies to high density in a furnace containing an inert atmosphere.
  • the powder may contain hard metal particles such as metal carbides and a binder of an iron group metal.
  • the furnace is formed by a cylindrical pressure chamber with a high pressure cylinder and end closures projecting into the cylinder.
  • a furnace chamber is arranged in the pressure chamber and has v heating windings and an insulating lid and bottom.
  • One end closure of the pressure chamber has an annular part with members sealing against the cylinder and a valve plate covering the opening of the annular part.
  • a vacuum conduit is provided which can be sealingly connected to the annular part and which includes projecting members for separating the valve plate and the annular part when the conduit is placed in operative position.
  • the present invention relates to a method of sintering powder bodies and a furnace for carrying out the method.
  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing sintered bodies from powdered material, the
  • bodies made of powder or a powder mixture are sintered at at mospheric pressure or lower pressure and at such a temperature that powder grains of the same material are bound together or that a binder binds together other powder grains in the mixture, after which the bodies are isostatically hot pressed under direct influence of a pressure medium such as argon, helium, nitrogen or hydrogen.
  • a pressure medium such as argon, helium, nitrogen or hydrogen.
  • a special furnace is used for the process, of the type having an insulated furnace chamber enclosed in a pressure chamber.
  • the pressing process is carried out immediately after the sintering and is started at the sintering temperature.
  • the temperature must be set at at least such a value that the binder is sufficiently deformable for the sealed spaces to be compressed.
  • the temperature and pressure are dependent on each other and on the powder composition.
  • the process is applicable to powders of many different types, particularly hard metal products containing WC, TaC, TiC or VC or a mixture of two or more of these substances and a binder consisting of Co and/or Ni and possibly Fe.
  • Bodies of powder are first conventionally sintered at atmospheric pressure or lower pressure, preferably under vacuum so that the carbide grains of the substances are combined.
  • the quantity of binder and the temperature are selected so that most of the remaining spaces or pores between the powder grains will be completely sealed and the sintered body 'is then isostatically compressed in a furnace having a furnace chamber enclosed in a pressure chamber. This compression is carried out advantageously at the sintering temperature, Le.
  • the hard metal bodies usually contain 0 99 WC and/or TiC, 0 30 TaC, NbC and/or VC as hard particles and 1 30 Co and/or Ni and possibly iron as binder. Most usually the bodies contain 0 99 WC and/or TiC, l
  • the actual sintering process may normally take place at a somewhat lower temperature than for conventional sintering at atmospheric pressure or under vacuum, since it is unnecessary to fill the spaces between the grains as it was previously during the sintering process. It is important only that spaces and pores are well sealed so that isostatic compression without a special sheath can be satisfactorily carried out. For the same reason a slightly lower percentage of binder may possibly be used. Lower temperature also means that there is less risk of the binder running down in the body during the sintering process. It may even be sufficient only to sinter the powder body on the surface prior to the isostatic compression.
  • the sintering temperature is usually 1200 1600 C.
  • the subsequent isostatic compression is in most cases carried out at 800 1500 C and 100 2000 bar.
  • increased pressure means that a lower temperature can be used to achieve the same density.
  • the sintering and the subsequent compression give the best result if carried out in one and the same furnace. If the sintering is carried out under vacuum a pressure chamber is required which has a separate vacuum valve having large flow cross-section in order to achieve the required pressure drop.
  • the grain size of the powders preferably used is generally I 8M.
  • the method is also suitable for the manufacture of electrical heating bodies of, for example MoSi and glass.
  • Bodies made of powder are sintered at a temperature of 900 l400 C, after which they are isostatically compressed under direct influence of a pressure medium at 100 2000 bar and 800 1400 C.
  • the grain size of the powder used is generallyl 7511..
  • a third group of products for which the-method can be used is cermets of various types.
  • a cermet comprising 90 99 M and 1 l0 Ag is manufactured by compressing a powder having a grain size of l 50p to bodies which are sintered under vacuum, usually at l0 torr or lower and at 900 l400 C,- so that sealed pores or spaces are obtained, after which the bodies are isostatically hot pressed while in direct contact with a pressure medium at 100 2000 bar and 800 [400 C.
  • a fourth product which can be produced is pellets of uranium dioxide. Powder of uranium dioxide only is sintered in a hydrogen gas atmosphere or under vacuum at a temperature of at least lS50 C and then hot pressed at a pressure of I00 2000 bar and a temperature of 1 300 l600 C.
  • the invention also relates to a furnace in which both sintering and hot pressing can be carried out and which is therefore particularly suitable for carrying out the method.
  • the furnace according to the invention is of the type comprising a cylindrical pressure chamber having a high pressure cylinder, end closures projecting into this, and means for taking up axial forces effected by a pressure medium on the end closures.
  • the furnace chamber and heating means of the furnace are surrounded by an insulating sleeve with insulating lid and bottom.
  • one end closure of the pressure chamber is shaped with an annular part having members sealingagainst the cylinder or via an intermediate element, a valve plate covering the opening of the annular part, sealing members existing between the annular part and the valve plate, a vacuum conduit which can be sealingly connected to the annular part of the end closure, and also means to separate the valve plate and the annular part of the closure so that an opening having relatively large flow area can be achieved for vacuum sintering.
  • the vacuum conduit is connected to the furnace in such a way that it is pressed into the annular opening of the end closure.
  • the connection conduit can be used to lift the valve plate in relation to the annular part.
  • the conduit is inserted until it comes into contact with the valve plate, after which the annular part of the end closure is lowered so that an opening is obtained between the furnace chamber and the vacuum pump.
  • it may be provided with a projecting part which, when the valve opening is closed, rests against the member which takes up the forces operating on the end closure.
  • FIG. 1 shows a furnace, partly in section, with a transportable press stand which is pushed in over a high pressure chamber having a furnace chamber and takes up forces operating on the end closures when the furnace is placed under pressure.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show a section through the lower part of the pressure chamber during hot pressing and vacuum sintering, respectively
  • FIG. 4 a section through the upper part of the pressure chamber and FIGS. 5 and 6 sections through the end closure taken at A-Aand B-B, respectively, in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 1 designates a press stand which is movable between the position shown in the drawingand a position where it surrounds the high pressure chamber 2.
  • the press stand is of the type consisting of yokes 3 and 4, spacers 5 and a strip sheath 6.
  • the stand is supported by wheels 7 running on rails 8.
  • the high pressure chamber 2 is supported by a pillar 9. This contains a high pressure cylinder consisting of an inner tube 10 and a surrounding strip sheath 1 l as well as end rings 12 which keep the strip sheath together axially and provide grips for brackets by which the high pressure chamber is attached to the pillar 9.
  • the chamber 2 has an upper end closure 13 which projects into the tube 10 of the high pressure chamber.
  • the furnace chamber 15 in which the charge 16 is inserted is surrounded by an insulating sleeve 17 consisting of three concentrical metal tubes 18, 19 and 20, layers 21 and 22 of insulating material and two end rings 23 and 24.
  • the sleeve 17 is suspended by the ring 23 in the upper end closure 13 and is gastightly connected to this.
  • an insulating lid 25 consisting of a metal sleeve 26 filled with insulating material 27 and provided with bushings 28 for conductors to heating elements 47.
  • the sleeve 26 is attached to a ring 29 clamped between the ring 24 and the upper end closure 13.
  • a closed space 32 is formed which communicates with the furnace chamber only through a pressure equalizing opening 33.
  • a heating element can be joined with a feeding conductor, but this is not shown in the drawings.
  • a through channel 34 with sealing members 36 for a feeding conductor 35.
  • the channel 37 opens into the gap 39 between the inner wall of the tube 10 and the outer tube 18 in the sleeve 17.
  • the heating element 47 is supported by a tube 40 which surrounds the furnace chamber 15.
  • the elements are attached to the outside of the tube 40 with the help of bars 41 having slots through which the heating elements can pass.
  • the tube 40 is suspended in the lid by means of protective bars 43 on the inside of the tube.
  • Between the lid 25 and the tube is a gap 44 so that openings are formed through the connection parts of the heating elements can pass from the gap 46 between the tube 20 of the sleeve 17 and the tube 40.
  • Above the upper end closure 13 is a pressure plate having grooves for conductors 35.
  • the pressure chamber has a lower end closure consisting of an annular part 50 with a sealing 51 sealing against the inner surface of the tube 10.
  • the annular part 50 has a flat valve seat 52 which is formed between the smaller recess 53 at the outer part and the large recess 54 at the inner part.
  • a valve plate 55 with a seal 56 which seals against the valve seat surface 52.
  • the valve plate 55 is shaped with a downwardly projecting peg 57 having such a length that its lower surface is in the same plane as the lower surface of the ring 50 when the valve is closed and thus rests against the yoke 4 of the stand when the pressure forces the end closure against this.
  • the valve plate 55 is provided with a number of axial guides 58 which are guided by the recess 54 and thus center the valve plate 55 in relation to the annular part 50.
  • On the valve plate 55 rests an insulating bottom projecting into the insulating sleeve 17 and consisting of a metal ring attached to the valve plate and having a thick layer of insulating material 61.
  • This plate may suitably be made of a material having good heat conductivity and may be provided with radial channels 63 and 64 between the periphery and a central space 65. Since the plate 62 has good heat conductivity the central part of the billet 16 can receive heat by way of the plate. The channels help gas to circulate between the space 65 and the gap around the plate so that heat can be transported to or from the central part of the plate.
  • a vacuum pump equipment In order to generate a vacuum in the furnace there is a vacuum pump equipment, not shown, which is connectable to the pressure chamber by means of the lower end closure shaped as a valve.
  • the connection is done by means of a suction tube which projects into the recess 53 of the annular part 50 and is sealed to this by a sealing ring 71.
  • the outermost part of the tube 70 has slits 72 between which the remaining material forms projecting supports 73.
  • the suction tube is projected into the recess 53 so that the supports 73 come into contact with the valve plate 55, after which the annular part is lowered to the position shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 and the valve is opened.
  • the annular part 50 is attached by brackets to a casing 81 running along a guide 82 attached to the pillar 9.
  • the casing, and thus the annular part 50 with the valve plate 55 and the bottom placed on this, and the charge can be raised and lowered by an operating cylinder 83, the operating rod 84 of which is attached at brackets 85 on the casing 81.
  • the equipment operates in the following way:
  • the furnace is charged with material 16 with the press stand positioned in relation to the high pressure cylinder as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the charge is placed on the furnace bottom when the lower end closure is in its lowered position, after which the operating cylinder 83 lifts the entire end closure with the charge to an upper position, see FIG. 2.
  • the suction tube 70 is then inserted in the opening in the end closure, after which the annular part 50 is lowered to the position shown in FIG. 3.
  • the valve plate 55 with the charge 16 will then be supported by the supports 73 of the suction tube 70 and a gap is formed between the valve plate 55 and the annular part 50.
  • the charge is vacuum sintered, after which the annular part 50 is lifted and the suction tube 70 removed.
  • the press stand 1 is then pushed in over the pressure chamber.
  • the pressure chamber is supplied with pressure medium and sintered material is hot pressed to the desired density.
  • Furnace for performing vacuum sintering and isostatic hot pressing of powder bodies comprising a cylindrical pressure chamber (2) having a high pressure cylinder (10,11,12), end closures (13,50,55) projecting into said cylinder, means (1) to taking up axial forces effected by a pressure medium on the end closures (13,50,55), a furnace chamber (15) arranged in the pressure chamber and having heating means (47), insulation surrounding the furnace chamber in the form of a sleeve (17) having an insulating lid (25) and bottom (60,61,62), in which one end closure (50, 55) of the pressure chamber is shaped with an annular part (50) having members (51) sealing against the cylinder (10,11,12) and having a valve plate (55) covering the opening of the annular part (50), sealing members (56) between the annular part (50) and the valve plate (55), a vacuum conduit (70) which can be sealingly connected to the annular part (50) of the end closure, and means to separate the valve plate (5
  • valve plate (55) is provided with a central projecting part (57 which during the hot pressing process rests against the member (1) which takes up the axial forces operating on the end closure.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
US161200A 1969-03-03 1971-07-09 Furnace for sintering powder Expired - Lifetime US3703278A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE02856/69A SE333437B (it) 1969-03-03 1969-03-03

Publications (1)

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US3703278A true US3703278A (en) 1972-11-21

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US161200A Expired - Lifetime US3703278A (en) 1969-03-03 1971-07-09 Furnace for sintering powder

Country Status (17)

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US (1) US3703278A (it)
JP (1) JPS4825604B1 (it)
AT (1) AT295871B (it)
BE (1) BE746508A (it)
CA (1) CA932536A (it)
CH (1) CH507042A (it)
DE (1) DE2006066B2 (it)
DK (1) DK124863B (it)
FI (1) FI51956C (it)
FR (1) FR2036654A5 (it)
GB (2) GB1300864A (it)
IE (1) IE34041B1 (it)
NL (1) NL7002457A (it)
NO (1) NO133532C (it)
SE (1) SE333437B (it)
SU (1) SU462327A3 (it)
ZA (1) ZA701362B (it)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3900189A (en) * 1974-05-07 1975-08-19 Asea Ab Equipment for treating materials at high temperature and at high pressure
US5330702A (en) * 1989-05-31 1994-07-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Process for producing CuCr contact pieces for vacuum switches as well as an appropriate contact piece
CN102489865A (zh) * 2011-11-11 2012-06-13 宁波江丰电子材料有限公司 铜背板与靶材的焊接方法
CN113976887A (zh) * 2021-11-09 2022-01-28 武渝钦 一种适用于稀土制备用加压式钼粉烧结箱

Families Citing this family (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE793069A (nl) * 1971-12-22 1973-06-20 Philips Nv Isostatisch heetpersprocede voor het vervaardigen van dichte sinterlichamen
JPS5019609A (it) * 1973-06-22 1975-03-01
GB1523571A (en) * 1977-02-07 1978-09-06 Chloride Silent Power Ltd Production of beta-alumina ceramic articles
FR2426030A1 (fr) * 1978-05-16 1979-12-14 Chloride Silent Power Ltd Fabrication d'articles en alumine beta, notamment a usage d'electrolytes solides
US4244686A (en) * 1979-07-18 1981-01-13 General Electric Company Energy saving furnace and method of operating same
US4379110A (en) * 1979-08-09 1983-04-05 General Electric Company Sintering of silicon nitride to high density
DE3065931D1 (en) * 1980-03-03 1984-01-26 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Process for making a memory alloy
CA1188136A (en) * 1980-08-18 1985-06-04 Nicholas Makrides Steel-hard carbide macrostructured tools, compositions and methods of forming
SE8105681L (sv) * 1980-10-01 1982-04-02 Uddeholms Ab Forfarande for framstellning av foremal med forutbestemd form
DE3141590C2 (de) * 1980-10-20 1985-01-03 Kobe Steel, Ltd., Kobe, Hyogo Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochdichtem gesintertem Siliziumnitrid
JPS57125591U (it) * 1981-01-30 1982-08-05
DE61988T1 (de) * 1981-03-24 1983-04-14 General Electric Co., 06431 Fairfield, Conn. Sinterzyklus mit einem heiss isostatischen druckschritt bei niedrigem druck.
US4608318A (en) * 1981-04-27 1986-08-26 Kennametal Inc. Casting having wear resistant compacts and method of manufacture
JPS5839707A (ja) * 1981-09-01 1983-03-08 Kobe Steel Ltd 粉末成形体の高密度焼結法
JPS5874581A (ja) * 1981-10-26 1983-05-06 インタ−ナショナル　ビジネス　マシ−ンズ　コ−ポレ−ション セラミツク片の接着方法
US4464205A (en) * 1983-11-25 1984-08-07 Cabot Corporation Wrought P/M processing for master alloy powder
EP0203197B1 (en) * 1984-10-26 1991-03-06 Japan as represented by Director-General, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology Process for producing super-heat-resistant alloy material
DE3511220A1 (de) * 1985-03-28 1986-10-09 Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen Hartmetall und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
AT385775B (de) * 1985-08-08 1988-05-10 Plansee Metallwerk Korrosionsfeste hartmetall-legierung
US4591482A (en) * 1985-08-29 1986-05-27 Gorham International, Inc. Pressure assisted sinter process
GB2202218B (en) * 1987-02-19 1991-02-06 De Beers Ind Diamond Method of making an article from pyrophyllite
GB8926455D0 (en) * 1989-11-23 1990-05-30 T & N Technology Ltd Manufacture of shaped articles from sinterable powder
DE19804714A1 (de) * 1998-02-06 1999-08-12 Johannes Prof Dr Rer N Gartzen Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Körpers
RU2151026C1 (ru) 1999-11-10 2000-06-20 Губенко Лев Анатольевич Изостат для обработки материалов в жидкости
CN104001923A (zh) * 2014-06-19 2014-08-27 山西东睦华晟粉末冶金有限公司 一种压力板的粉末冶金制造方法
CN104259465B (zh) * 2014-07-24 2016-08-17 华侨大学 一种稀土改性钨基结合剂金刚石钻头及其制造方法
CN111006507A (zh) * 2019-12-27 2020-04-14 蚌埠中光电科技有限公司 一种具备搅拌可视化高温升降炉

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3571850A (en) * 1969-04-15 1971-03-23 Atomic Energy Commission Hot-isostatic-pressing apparatus

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3571850A (en) * 1969-04-15 1971-03-23 Atomic Energy Commission Hot-isostatic-pressing apparatus

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3900189A (en) * 1974-05-07 1975-08-19 Asea Ab Equipment for treating materials at high temperature and at high pressure
US5330702A (en) * 1989-05-31 1994-07-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Process for producing CuCr contact pieces for vacuum switches as well as an appropriate contact piece
CN102489865A (zh) * 2011-11-11 2012-06-13 宁波江丰电子材料有限公司 铜背板与靶材的焊接方法
CN113976887A (zh) * 2021-11-09 2022-01-28 武渝钦 一种适用于稀土制备用加压式钼粉烧结箱

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI51956B (it) 1977-01-31
BE746508A (fr) 1970-07-31
FR2036654A5 (it) 1970-12-24
CA932536A (en) 1973-08-28
DE2006066A1 (de) 1971-02-04
AT295871B (de) 1972-01-25
GB1300863A (en) 1972-12-20
IE34041L (en) 1970-09-03
DK124863B (da) 1972-12-04
DE2006066B2 (de) 1975-01-16
IE34041B1 (en) 1975-01-08
ZA701362B (en) 1971-04-28
JPS4825604B1 (it) 1973-07-30
SE333437B (it) 1971-03-15
NL7002457A (it) 1970-09-07
NO133532C (it) 1976-05-19
FI51956C (fi) 1977-05-10
SU462327A3 (ru) 1975-02-28
NO133532B (it) 1976-02-09
CH507042A (de) 1971-05-15
GB1300864A (en) 1972-12-20

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