US3703200A - Treating cereal grains and seeds - Google Patents

Treating cereal grains and seeds Download PDF

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Publication number
US3703200A
US3703200A US58798A US3703200DA US3703200A US 3703200 A US3703200 A US 3703200A US 58798 A US58798 A US 58798A US 3703200D A US3703200D A US 3703200DA US 3703200 A US3703200 A US 3703200A
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United States
Prior art keywords
drum
accordance
gap
casing
wall
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Expired - Lifetime
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US58798A
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English (en)
Inventor
Leslie Palyi
Helge Larsen
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UNITED MILLING SYSTEMS AS
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Leslie Palyi
Helge Larsen
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Assigned to UNITED MILLING SYSTEMS A/S reassignment UNITED MILLING SYSTEMS A/S ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: DEFORENEDE BRYGGERIER A/S, A CORP. OF DENMARK
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
    • B02B3/00—Hulling; Husking; Decorticating; Polishing; Removing the awns; Degerming
    • B02B3/04—Hulling; Husking; Decorticating; Polishing; Removing the awns; Degerming by means of rollers

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Seeds and grains are dehulled in an apparatus com- 52 us. Cl. ..99/233.8, 99/617, 99/630 prising a drum rotating in a casing- The seeds are first [51] Int. Cl.
  • the present invention relates to the dehulling and cleaning of cereal grains and other seeds so as to be ready for milling. More particularly the invention relates to the dehulling and cleaning of grains such as barley to remove spikes, woody fiber layers, and foreign bodies, in which all harmful bacteria and insects are removed. In accordance with the invention the germ may either be removed or retained.
  • a method for cleaning grains and seeds for the removal of spikes on the tip of the grain or seed and woody fibrous layers is carried out in such a manner that the grain is supplied to the radially inner section of the outer end face of rotating drum and from this position is conveyed by centrifugal force to a gap which narrows in an outward direction, and after this the material to be cleaned is caused to move in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation and is passed into an annular gap delimited on the inner side by the casing of the drum and from this position the material to be cleaned is passed towards the other end face of the drum and removed in an axial direction.
  • residue such as husks can be removed radially in an outward direction into an annular face by sieve arrangements from whence they can be drawn off.
  • the drum is preferably made so that it can easily be removed and on its side adjacent to the inlet gap is provided with a coating for instance of hard rubber which is arranged to cooperate with a corresponding coating on the stationary housing so as to form with it a gap which narrows in the outward direction.
  • the drive shaft carrying the drum can be provided with axial biasing means so that the material to be cleaned in the gap which extends in the radial direction is subjected to a pre-set axial pressure.
  • FIG. 2 is an axial section of the cleaning or dehulling machine in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows, on a larger scale, the charging part of the machine shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a section, perpendicular to the axis of rotation, of the end face of the drum.
  • FIG. 10 is a view of one beating knife mounted on the outer side of the rotor or drum.
  • FIG. 11 is a section on the line XI-XI of FIG. 10.
  • FIG. 12 is a view of the beating knife looking in the direction of the arrow XII in accordance with FIG. 10.
  • the axial position of the shaft and thus of the drum 12 or rotor in relation to the housing can thus be set by means of the spring loading device which is shown in the right hand part of FIG. 2.
  • a ring 30 mounted on the shaft 10 bears against the bearing 16 which in turn is held in position by means of a setting sleeve 32 in an axial direction. This limits displacement of the shaft 10 by the spring 22 to the left.
  • This sleeve 32 can be fixed in various axial positions, for example by means of a handwheel 34. Adjustment can then be carried out by means of the flange 36 extending beyond the end face of the housing. This is carried out by setting adjustment screws 38 arranged around the periphery.
  • the shaft 10 is driven from the end 40.
  • the housing has a feeding opening 42 for the materi al to be cleaned and this opening can be closed by means of a shifting regulating flap 46 which is actuated by means of a hand lever 44.
  • the charging opening 42 leads into an annular space 48 surrounding the shaft. This spaces open towards the end face of the drum 12 or rotor.
  • the annular face 50 of the housing facing the end face 49 of the drum is provided with a rubber coating 52 or lining which cooperates with a corresponding rubber lining 54 on the end face 49 of the drum 12 in forming an annular radially extending gap 56 which tapers or narrows in an outward direction leading towards the outer periphery.
  • the rotor or drum is provided with impellor or blower blades 58 which convey the material supplied through the inlet opening 42 out of the annular space 48 in a radial direction.
  • the left hand side of the drum 12 is closed by a cover 66 and adjacent to the end of the drum there is a conically shaped annular outlet 68 which opens into the collecting chamber 70.
  • the cylinder housing wall 64 is surrounded by an annular chamber 72, into which dehulled particles can pass through perforations in the cylinder 64 and which are then drawn downwards via the funnel 74.
  • the space 70 opens into a container 78 as shown in FIG. 1, from which the cleaned cereal passes into a funnel 79 which passes it for further processing to a further suitable machine or allows it to pass from the last stage for further processing by milling.
  • the separator 78 there opens the suction duct 80 of an air separator 82 of the cyclone type, in which centrifugal force serves to separate solid particles from the air current, so that the air current after cleaning, free of dust and solid particles passes into the space.
  • the periphery of the drum 12 is provided with beating knives 88 and 89 in the form of strips which are screwed on the periphery of the drum.
  • the beating knives 88 only extend over the outer peripheral part of the drum or rotor while the beating knives 89 are provided with bent end sections 90 which are fitted so as to extend over the end face of the drum.
  • a preferred construction of these beating knives is shown in FIGS. 10 to 12. It can be seen from these figures that the knives slope upwards towards the leading edges 92 and that they are chamfered so that the trailing edges are lower than the leading edges as is indicated by reference numeral 94.
  • the drum rotates in the direction of arrow A as indicated in FIG. 4.
  • the beating knives 88 and 89 can be arranged so as to be parallel to the axis on the peripheral parts of the drum, though it is also possible to arrange them obliquely or helically on the outer part of the drum.
  • the annular lining 54 on the end face of the drum or rotor can have a smooth outer surface, though for some applications it is convenient to provide this lining with radially extending grooves 96. It is also possible as an alternative or an addition to provide the lining with tufts of bristles or brushes 98 as is shown in FIGS. 7 and In accordance with the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 the cylinder or casing 64 surrounding the drum can be in the form of a perforated sheet metal screen, the perforations or holes preferably being oval or elliptical. The main axes of these openings can be angularly offset between one row of perforations or holes and the next row.
  • the perforated casing 64 extends only for 180 about the lower part of the periphery of the drum while the upper part of the periphery, also extending for 180, is enclosed by a cylinder casing 100, which is internally lined with a rubber lining 102, which deiimits the axially extending annular gap 62.
  • this lining 102 has a grooved surface 104.
  • FIG. 6 it is possible to provide a smooth rubber lining 108.
  • the choice of the construction of the limiting faces of the annular gap is determined by the nature of the material to be cleaned. All frictional faces and other parts are mounted so as to be capable of being readily replaced having regard to the material to be treated.
  • the rotor or drum itself is also made so that it can easily be replaced together with the part associated with it.
  • the housing has openings 110 and 112 (see FIG. 2) for the insertion of suitable tools.
  • the setting of the axial breadth of the gap 56 is carried out in accordance with the type of material to be cleaned and also the lining material can be replaced in accordance with the material.
  • the lining material can in part comprise a smooth annular rubber segment which is adjacent to undulating grooved or ridged material in segments.
  • brushes may be provided in the segments.
  • the size of the effective annular gap 62 can be varied by replacing the beating knives with knives having a greater or lesser radial dimension.
  • drum or rotor can be replaced by another rotor as a whole.
  • the dimensions of the cleaning device in accordance with the invention can be kept comparatively small.
  • the length of the rotor is about 400 mm while its diameter is about 520 mm.
  • a significant feature of the invention is that the material to be cleaned is borne by an air current during the whole of its travel during the cleaning process, this ensuring an even flow without blockages or thelike.
  • the method in accordance with the invention can be carried out on dry material or grain material which has been wetted by treatment with water in accordance with the percentage of hulls to be removed.
  • the treatment of the grains in the device in accordance with the invention ensures good results both on grain intended for seed purposes and as regards grain intended for food purposes.
  • the device in accordance with the invention also ensures a very high throughput.
  • 300 kilograms to 10,000 kilograms can be cleaned per hour, in accordance with the percentage of the hulls to be removed.
  • the beating knives or ribs continuously rotate the material and it is fed to the outlet, the hulls of the material being rubbed off by the slotted or perforated screen surrounding the drum.
  • Raw barley Dehulling must be carried out very gently in order to ensure maximum germination for industrial use or for seed purposes. For this method an amount of water equal to 6 to 7 percent by weight is added, the wetting procedure taking place in the period of time equal to 30 to 40 minutes. Dehulling is carried out in two stages, the drum being surrounded by slotted steel screens. Six
  • Raw barley for producing of barley meal or groats The production for brewing purposes, as animal fodder and the like is carried out in a dry process in a single stage.
  • As a screen use is made of a combination of abrasive material and a slotted material.
  • the screen should be made of rubber with grooves and the discs should have the same construction.
  • G Rice (long rice) The discs are opened to leave a wide gap between them, that is to say as far as possible and the speed is reduced. A two-stage dehulling treatment is carried out on the dry basis, the linear speed being reduced to at least 600 meter per minute.
  • the moisture content is increased to 14.5 percent and moistening is carried out for minutes.
  • a casing as described above under B is used and the method is carried out in one stage.
  • N. Hard wheat for starch production The moisture content is increased to i8 to 20 percent and a three-stage dehulling is carried out using a casing for the drum or rotor as described in B above. The material is then moistened for 5 hours so as to achieve a moisture content of 16 percent and there then follows a single stage dehulling operation.
  • the discs are rubber discs and the casing is of the type as described above under A.
  • Soya beans Preliminary treatment is carried out by hot water in sprayed form and after one minute cold water is sprayed in while a material is continuously moved. The maximum amount of water added should amount to 2 percent. Dehulling is then carried out in two stages and a rubber casing in combination with a slotted casing is used. The same method can be used for other types of beans. However, in the case of harder bean hulls or husks more hot water is required.
  • Rape seed This seed which has a high enzyme activity and rapidly becomes toxic requires dry cleaning from neutralization. During dehulling the temperature must be increased to 70 to 80 C. In this case use is made of a rubber bristle casing and the discs delimiting the radial gaps are provided with inserted brushes. Dehulling is carried out in two stages.
  • Sun flower seed A dry dehulling is carried out using coarse abrasive on the screen and a screen part with slots.
  • the discs are made of rubber and dehulling is carried out in two stages.
  • Sesame seed in a first stage wetting must be carried out at room temperature in 5 to 8 hours to percent by weight of the seed. After the moistening. the seed is mixed with cold water and the material is then past to the cleaning device in a liquid form. The discs of the cleaning device are made of rubber and the casing is rubber with inserted brushes. Dehulling is carried out by two stages and after it the seed is dried using hot air. Cleaning is carried out in an air separator. An important point in this dehulling process is that no salt water is used and that the seed after dehulling still possesses the natural while color.
  • An apparatus for the dehulling of grain material comprising:
  • said drum having an axis about which it rotates; said drum including an outwardly extending wall; said casing including ,a first wall facing toward and spaced away from said drum outwardly extending wall; said outwardly extending and said first wall being shaped and oriented to define a radially extending gap between said drum outwardly extending wall and the said facing casing first wall;
  • said drum including an axially extending wall intersecting its said outwardly extending wall;
  • said casing including an axial wall facing toward and spaced away from said drum axially extending wall, thereby defining an annular gap between said drum axially extending wall and said casing axial wall;
  • annular gap intersecting said radially extending said casing having a grain material inlet adjacent said drum axis and leading into said radially extending p;
  • An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 comprising spring means for axially loading the shaft.
  • An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 comprising rubber-like lining material on the drum and on the casing so as to line the radial gap.
  • An apparatus in accordance with claim 8 comprising a ring of a material which avoids build up of electrostatic charge and which defines the curved transition between the radial gap and the axial gap.
  • An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 comprising a perforated piece of sheet metal forming part of the casing and externally defining the axial gap, the casing further comprising means defining an annular chamber around this perforated sheet metal.
  • An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 comprising a frictional lining which bounds the axial gap over at least part of its periphery, the remaining part of the gap being outwardly delimited by means provided with holes to act as a sieve.
  • An apparatus in accordance with claim 12 comprising brushes inserted in the frictional lining.
  • An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 comprising beating knives arranged on the outer periphery of the drum and substantially parallel to the axis of the drum.
  • An apparatus in accordance with claim 21 comprising an elastomeric linin with radially extending grooves on the end face of e drum so as to line the radial gap.
  • the spring means comprises a helical spring urging the drum in a direction leading to an enlargement of the radial gap.
  • An apparatus in accordance with claim 24 comprising an axially adjustable abutment for limiting displacement of the drum by the spring.
  • An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 comprising a metering flap for regulating the supply of grain to be dehulled in the apparatus, and a handlever for operating the metering flap.

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  • Adjustment And Processing Of Grains (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
US58798A 1969-07-28 1970-07-28 Treating cereal grains and seeds Expired - Lifetime US3703200A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1938328A DE1938328C3 (de) 1969-07-28 1969-07-28 Vorrichtung zum Schälen und Reinigen von Körnerfrüchten

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CA (1) CA920014A (de)
DE (1) DE1938328C3 (de)
GB (1) GB1275840A (de)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4556573A (en) * 1980-11-04 1985-12-03 Escher Wyss Limited Method for treating soybeans
US4842883A (en) * 1988-01-11 1989-06-27 Amstad John H Continuous produce surface treater and method
US5089282A (en) * 1990-07-24 1992-02-18 Conagra Inc. Wheat milling process
US5104671A (en) * 1990-07-24 1992-04-14 Conagra, Inc. Wheat milling process
US5170697A (en) * 1991-11-12 1992-12-15 Nobuyoshi Kuboyama Extraction apparatus, process and product produced thereby
US5194287A (en) * 1990-07-24 1993-03-16 Conagra, Inc. Wheat milling process and milled wheat product
US5211982A (en) * 1990-07-24 1993-05-18 Conagra, Inc. Wheat milling process and milled wheat product
US5218899A (en) * 1990-09-18 1993-06-15 Jacobs Wilson E High efficiency centrifugal decorticator of oil grains
US6217442B1 (en) * 1998-02-24 2001-04-17 Arnold Schmidt Grain processing apparatus and methods
US6776087B1 (en) * 2003-06-25 2004-08-17 The Amstad Family Revocable Trust Food processing machine
WO2008024036A1 (en) * 2006-08-24 2008-02-28 Awad Ahmed Aboras Sunflower - seed peeler
US20080181050A1 (en) * 2007-01-31 2008-07-31 Basten Aaron K Rotor processor
US20090098273A1 (en) * 2006-03-20 2009-04-16 Green Technologies Dehulling wheat grains using ozone

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2633275C3 (de) * 1976-07-23 1981-05-27 Steinmetz-Patent-Müllerei KG, 2209 Krempe Verfahren zum Enthülsen und teilweise Trocknen von gewaschenem Getreide und Maschine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
IT1177084B (it) * 1983-11-09 1987-08-26 Escher Wyss Gmbh Procedimento per separare i baccelli dai semi di soia
MX159213A (es) * 1984-05-14 1989-04-20 Felipe Salete Garces Ensamble de criba y rotor para maquinas descascaradoras,descortezadoras,pulidoras y blanqueadoras de granos
CN109332155B (zh) * 2018-10-10 2021-02-26 山东天智信息科技有限公司 一种花生摘果筛分机
CA3191903A1 (en) * 2020-08-13 2022-02-17 Lehner Maschinenbau Gmbh Apparatus and method for producing hulled spelt seeds
EP3954459A1 (de) * 2020-08-13 2022-02-16 Lehner Maschinenbau GmbH Verfahren zur erzeugung von geschältem saatgut eines spelzgetreides

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US262504A (en) * 1882-08-08 teter
US668287A (en) * 1899-10-02 1901-02-19 John Frey Machine for degerminating wheat.
US792395A (en) * 1903-10-19 1905-06-13 James O Donnell Rice-hulling machine.
US2662570A (en) * 1953-03-09 1953-12-15 Baker Castor Oil Co Hulling machine having rubber hulling surfaces of different hardness
US3485280A (en) * 1966-06-01 1969-12-23 Toshihiko Satake Combination of grinding and friction-type rice polishing machine

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US262504A (en) * 1882-08-08 teter
US668287A (en) * 1899-10-02 1901-02-19 John Frey Machine for degerminating wheat.
US792395A (en) * 1903-10-19 1905-06-13 James O Donnell Rice-hulling machine.
US2662570A (en) * 1953-03-09 1953-12-15 Baker Castor Oil Co Hulling machine having rubber hulling surfaces of different hardness
US3485280A (en) * 1966-06-01 1969-12-23 Toshihiko Satake Combination of grinding and friction-type rice polishing machine

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4681029A (en) * 1980-11-04 1987-07-21 Sulzer-Escher Wyss Limited Apparatus for treating soybeans
US4556573A (en) * 1980-11-04 1985-12-03 Escher Wyss Limited Method for treating soybeans
US4842883A (en) * 1988-01-11 1989-06-27 Amstad John H Continuous produce surface treater and method
US5211982A (en) * 1990-07-24 1993-05-18 Conagra, Inc. Wheat milling process and milled wheat product
US5089282A (en) * 1990-07-24 1992-02-18 Conagra Inc. Wheat milling process
US5104671A (en) * 1990-07-24 1992-04-14 Conagra, Inc. Wheat milling process
US5194287A (en) * 1990-07-24 1993-03-16 Conagra, Inc. Wheat milling process and milled wheat product
US5218899A (en) * 1990-09-18 1993-06-15 Jacobs Wilson E High efficiency centrifugal decorticator of oil grains
US5170697A (en) * 1991-11-12 1992-12-15 Nobuyoshi Kuboyama Extraction apparatus, process and product produced thereby
US6217442B1 (en) * 1998-02-24 2001-04-17 Arnold Schmidt Grain processing apparatus and methods
US6776087B1 (en) * 2003-06-25 2004-08-17 The Amstad Family Revocable Trust Food processing machine
US20090098273A1 (en) * 2006-03-20 2009-04-16 Green Technologies Dehulling wheat grains using ozone
WO2008024036A1 (en) * 2006-08-24 2008-02-28 Awad Ahmed Aboras Sunflower - seed peeler
US20080181050A1 (en) * 2007-01-31 2008-07-31 Basten Aaron K Rotor processor
US20100039880A1 (en) * 2007-01-31 2010-02-18 Vector Corporation Rotor processor
US7726591B2 (en) 2007-01-31 2010-06-01 Vector Corporation Rotor processor
US7753298B2 (en) 2007-01-31 2010-07-13 Vector Corporation Rotor processor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA920014A (en) 1973-01-30
DE1938328C3 (de) 1974-07-25
DE1938328B2 (de) 1973-12-20
GB1275840A (en) 1972-05-24
DE1938328A1 (de) 1971-05-19

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AS Assignment

Owner name: UNITED MILLING SYSTEMS A/S,

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:DEFORENEDE BRYGGERIER A/S, A CORP. OF DENMARK;REEL/FRAME:005892/0395

Effective date: 19911001