US3685475A - Process for producing cup-shaped thin-walled metal wares - Google Patents

Process for producing cup-shaped thin-walled metal wares Download PDF

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Publication number
US3685475A
US3685475A US858681A US3685475DA US3685475A US 3685475 A US3685475 A US 3685475A US 858681 A US858681 A US 858681A US 3685475D A US3685475D A US 3685475DA US 3685475 A US3685475 A US 3685475A
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United States
Prior art keywords
workpiece
mandrel
heated
cup
roller means
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Expired - Lifetime
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US858681A
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English (en)
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Neill K Banks Jr
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Priority claimed from GB3732872A external-priority patent/GB1394105A/en
Priority claimed from DE2240085A external-priority patent/DE2240085A1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, wire, rods, tubes or like semi-manufactured products by drawing
    • B21C1/16—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by means other than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, rods or tubes
    • B21C1/22—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by means other than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, rods or tubes specially adapted for making tubular articles
    • B21C1/24—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by means other than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, rods or tubes specially adapted for making tubular articles by means of mandrels
    • B21C1/26—Push-bench drawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C3/00—Profiling tools for metal drawing; Combinations of dies and mandrels for metal drawing
    • B21C3/02—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof
    • B21C3/08—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof with section defined by rollers, balls, or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C3/00—Profiling tools for metal drawing; Combinations of dies and mandrels for metal drawing
    • B21C3/16—Mandrels; Mounting or adjusting same
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/14—Spinning
    • B21D22/16—Spinning over shaping mandrels or formers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
    • B21K21/04—Shaping thin-walled hollow articles, e.g. cartridges

Definitions

  • Said process begins with a circular blank of sheet metal which is placed upon a circular die means.
  • a punch member of appropriate diameter, is then forced axially into the center of the metal blank and die means, thereby drawing the overlapping portion of the metal blank into the restricted annular space formed between the die means and punch.
  • a variant of the above process known as step drawing, is often utilized in the production of thin-walled tubes.
  • a circular die member has coaxially positioned therewith a plug mandrel, thereby defining an annular space between the circular die and mandrel.
  • An oversized tube is then forced into said annular space.
  • hermetic metal/glass seals has become an increasingly important art.
  • specialty light bulbs or piping in many chemical processes requires the provision of hermetic seals between glass and tubular metal structures.
  • Such seals are often formed by forcing tubular molten glass over the wall of the tubular metal structure. Upon cooling and shrinking, the glass tube forms a hermetic seal with the metal tube.
  • a glass/metal seal of superior quality is often achieved.
  • the metal surface contacting the glass be smooth and free of surface defects. All of the above discussion points to the need in the metal-forming art for a simple accurate process and apparatus for forming tapered wall tubular wares.
  • swaging and particularly rotary swaging, may at first appear to be an attractive method for producing tapered wall tubular wares, said process has been found to be useful only when the wall thickness of the resulting product is not particularly important because the swaging processes tend to thicken the swaged part of the tube.
  • a 2-inch OD metal tube with a 0.100 inch wall thickness when tapered to a diameter of 1- inch OD by rotary swaging will normally be found to have a wall thickness of approximately 0.200 at the 1- inch OD section of the finished product.
  • cup-shaped tubular metal wares (hereinafter referred to for convenience as tubular wares), and particularly tubular wares having thin and accurately tapered walls, are readily formed.
  • tubular wares having wall thicknesses of less than 0.005 inches and most preferably less than 0.001 inches are formed by positioning a cup workpiece over a mandrel and forcing the resulting mandrel/cup workpiece assembly axially into the nip provided between said mandrel and at least one roller means. The mandrel and/or roller means are rotated as the workpiece is forced into said nip.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagrammatic longitudinal section of suitable apparatus for performing the process of the invention wherein there is provided a mandrel, a
  • the apparatus of the invention broadly comprises mandrel 3 and rollers 9 disposed substantially equiangularly and equidistantly about the axis of said mandrel 3. It is to be noted that,
  • rollers 9 are spaced at 120 angles from one another.
  • Said rollers 9 are sturdily and rotatably mounted in any appropriate static holders 11.
  • means are provided (not shown) to rotate mandrel 3 about its axis and to feed said mandrel 3 longitudinally and substantially coaxially through the zone defined by said rollers 9.
  • the longitudinal feed and rotation system provided is intended broadly to provide longitudinal and rotational motion of the mandrel relative to rollers 9.
  • mandrel 3 be statically mounted while holders ll be provided with means for rotating and feeding rollers 9 axially over said statically mounted mandrel.
  • Other permutations and combinations of such means to accomplish the intended relative motions of the mandrel and roller means are also generally suitable and will be recognized by those skilled in the art.
  • static holders 1 1 each have associated therewith a heating means, such as cartridge heaters 15.
  • a heating means such as cartridge heaters 15.
  • rollers 9 employed in the apparatus is not normally critical. Thus, for instance, cylindrical, spherical or divergently tapered contours are often entirely suitable. However, depending largely upon such operating parameters as the specific metal to be formed, the extent of reduction of wall thickness of the metal to be accomplished, the temperature at which operations are to take place, the number of passes to be employed to attain the finished product, etc., I generally prefer that rollers 9 have longitudinally stepped contours. Specifically, rollers 9 bear steps 17 and 19 constituted by incrementally increasing roller diameters; The provision of such stepped roller contours can serve, practically speaking, as means for providing several forming operations with each pass of a workpiece therethrough. Accordingly, said stepped rollers 9 can often accomplish in one pass what would normally require three or more passeswhen essentially cylindrical rollers are employed. a
  • rollers 9 While choice of the materials of construction of the remainder of the apparatus will generally be obvious to those skilled in machine design, it is pointed out that'it ismuch preferred that the materials of construction of rollers 9 be chosen so as to provide'as hard and smooth a roller surface" as possible, bearing in mind of course the particular needs of the'metals and tubular wares to be formed therewith. Generally speaking, however,
  • tapered round mandrel 3 having a tip 8 diameter of 0.485 inch and a divergent taper beginning 0.5 inch from tip 8 and extending rearwardly from said tip 8 for a distance of 1.25 inches to a diameter of 0.497 inch.
  • Said mandrel 3 was heated to and maintained at a temperature of about 400 F by means of thermostatically controlled cartridge heater l6 embedded therein.
  • said mandrel 3, bearing the cup workpiece 5 thereon was rotated at a speed of 500 r.p.m.
  • step-contoured cemented tungsten carbide rollers 9 having step diameters in increasing order of 1.00 inch, 1.02 inches and 1.04 inches, respectively.
  • said rollers Prior to start-; up, said rollers were adjusted so as to provide a 0.0015 inch clearance between their respective i 1.04 inch diameter steps and the 0.497 inch diameter portion of tapered mandrel 3.
  • holders 11 were each continuously heated by means of cartridge heaters 15 so as to minimize heat flux into the rollers and sundry apparatus from the workpiece undergoing forming.
  • mandrel tip 8 When the mandrel tip 8 had traversed through-the space defined by rollers 9 to a depth of about 1.2 inches, mandrel 3 was withdrawn and the formed tubular ware removed from the mandrel. Said ware was then trimmed to an overall length of thirty-one/thirtyseconds inch and inspected visually and dimensionally.
  • the surface of the finished cup product was found to be smooth and substantially free of burrs, tool marks or other surface defects and was further adjudged to have a finish of about 20 ms.
  • the ware was found to possess a uniform CD. of about 0.530 inch and a substantially linear internal taper having a thickness of 0.02 inch at the base of the vertical wall and tapering to a thickness of 0.0015 inch at the open mouth thereof. 7
  • any metal, metal alloy or mix-. ture thereof having suitable ductility constitutes a suitable metallic material for forming by the process of the invention. While direct measurement of ductility may be had by resorting to analytical tests such as' the Vickers, Erichson or Olsen tests, a physical parameter generally more readily extracted from the literature 9 than data relating to any of the above-mentioned tests is percent elongation at yield. Said parameter also constitutes a good indication of ductility. Suffice it to say,
  • any metal material having an ultimate mate percent elongation of at least about 20 percent having an ultimate mate percent elongation of at least about 20 percent.
  • the physical and thermal history of a metal often determines its elongation properties and such properties may often be further altered or modified by suitable treatment of the metal, such as by annealing. Accordingly, the above elongation criteria are intended to be imposed upon the metal material subsequent to the forming thereof into cup workpiece 5. Further, when said workpiece 5 is to be formed at elevated temperatures, the percent elongation criteria are to be taken at the intended temperature of operations.
  • normally suitable metal materials for forming by the process and apparatus of the invention are: wrought iron, hot or cold rolled iron, structural steels, SAE 1300 steel, SAE 4340 steel, SAE l 1 12 cold rolled steel, 18-18 stainless steel, aluminum, l7ST aluminum, annealed copper, brass, phosphor, bronze, Monel metal, molybdenum, zirconium, titanium, nickel, German silver, gold, platinum, rhodium, zinc, beryllium, cobalt, iridium, magnesium, palladium, tantalum, vanadium, and the like.
  • the present invention is particularly useful, however, with molybdenum, copper, nickel alloys and particularly nickel-iron alloys, and tantalum which appear to lend themselves particularly well to the present process and which are very difiicult to handle by conventional processes.
  • Cup workpiece 5 is generally described as a cup shaped ware having a side wall 6 of sufficient thickness to provide a volume of material sufficient to substantially completely fill the nip between mandrel 3 and roller means 9 for the entire length of the ultimately formed tubular product. Preferably, a slight excess of metal material will normally be provided.
  • cup workpiece 5 Major practical purposes served by cup workpiece 5 are of course to provide (1) a sufiicient volume of metal material for forming, and (2) a convenient shape which, when emplaced on mandrel 3, is stable thereon until the actual forming operation of the invention is under way. Accordingly, it is only necessary that said cup workpiece have a wall 6 length sufficient to ensure said stability; however, it may also obviously be as long as desired. In this context, it is important to note that the process of the present invention does not normally result in significant reduction in the thickness of base wall 7 of cup workpiece 5. Accordingly, when determining the volume of material necessary to achieve the above-described complete fill between mandrel 3 and roller means 9, the volume of material to be employed in base wall 7 should normally be discounted.
  • Base wall 7 serves the purpose of providing a thrust member against which mandrel 3 is forced during operations. Accordingly, the thickness of said base wall 7 should be chosen, bearing the strength of the metal material in mind, so as to be sufiicient to withstand the operational thrust loads imposed thereupon by said mandrel 3 without fracture, tearing or substantial distortion thereof. Further, the ID. of the workpiece cup is beneficially chosen so as to provide a press-/or slip-fit thereof over the mandrel.
  • the particular method utilized in forming workpiece 5 is normally non-critical provided that the finished product adheres to the above-described dimensional and physical criteria. Accordingly, said cup may be formed by standard cup drawing, swaging, powder metallurgical techniques and the like.
  • feed rates and rotational speeds employed during the forming operation of the invention are also subject to wide variation.
  • the choice of said feed rate and rotational speed will be dictated, to a large extent, by such parameters as the temperature of operations, the material to be formed, the thickness of the cup work piece, and particularly the relation of said thickness to the thickness of the intended end product tubular ware,
  • the particular method by which the workpiece and forming apparatus are heated is not normally critical.
  • hot gases may be flowed through the operational environment or flames may be impinged on the rollers, workpiece and mandrel.
  • electric cartridge heaters as previously described, however, represents a greatly preferred expedient for performing the heating function due, in large measure, to the simplicity of the apparatus required and the excellent temperature control normally achievable therewith.
  • the major operational forces encountered by the mandrel during operations will be compressive forces due to the pressure exerted thereon through the workpiece by the rollers and torsional forces encountered as a result'of the rotation of the rollers relative to the mandrel.
  • the cylindrical shape of the mandrel however, ideally befits this element to readily withstand such compressive and torsional forces.
  • the forming of a tubular ware in accordance with the invention can be undertaken incrementally, i.e., in a series of passes of the mandrel into the space defined by theroller means. Further, said roller. means may be adjusted to narrow the nip between the mandrel and themselves prior to each such pass therethrough. If necessary or desirable, the workpiece may be annealed, stress-relieved or the like between such passes.
  • a process for producing cup-shaped metal wares having thin internally tapered walls which process comprises: I
  • roller means is maintained in a fixed position while the-heated mandrel/heated workpiece assembly is rotated and concurrently axially moved through said nip.
  • each of said roller means has at least one longitudinally stepped contour of increasing diameter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
US858681A 1969-09-17 1969-09-17 Process for producing cup-shaped thin-walled metal wares Expired - Lifetime US3685475A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US85868169A 1969-09-17 1969-09-17
AT674672A AT322326B (de) 1969-09-17 1972-08-04 Verfahren zur herstellung dünnwandiger, rohr bzw. becherförmiger gegenstände
GB3732872A GB1394105A (en) 1969-09-17 1972-08-10 Process and apparatus for producing cup-shaped thinwalled metal wares
DE2240085A DE2240085A1 (de) 1969-09-17 1972-08-16 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung becherfoermiger, duennwandiger metallerzeugnisse

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3804045A (en) * 1969-09-17 1974-04-16 Bomco Process for producing molybdenum cup wares having thin internally tapered sidewalls
US4126029A (en) * 1976-12-02 1978-11-21 General Electric Company Method of forming hollow cylindrical parts with internal contours
US5598729A (en) * 1994-10-26 1997-02-04 Tandem Systems, Inc. System and method for constructing wall of a tube
FR2755044A1 (fr) * 1996-10-29 1998-04-30 Aerospatiale Procede de fabrication d'une piece creuse de revolution, par fluotournage, et piece obtenue par ce procede
US6182349B1 (en) * 1996-04-01 2001-02-06 Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. Method for producing a seamless metallic belt
US6192561B1 (en) * 1998-12-16 2001-02-27 Ronald B. Bennett Cartridge case former and method
US6212926B1 (en) 1999-04-21 2001-04-10 Tandem Systems, Inc. Method for spin forming a tube
US6218780B1 (en) 1997-07-09 2001-04-17 Patent-Truehand-Gesellschaft Fuer Elektrische Gluelampen Mbh High-pressure discharge lamp with a cooled electrode
US6826865B2 (en) 2003-02-10 2004-12-07 Clymer Manufacturing Co. Gun chambering device
EP1975975A1 (de) 2007-03-30 2008-10-01 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Für Elektrische Glühlampen mbH Baueinheit für eine elektrische Lampe mit Aussenkolben
US20090126443A1 (en) * 2004-08-06 2009-05-21 Fontijne Grotnes B.V. Method and apparatus for manufacturing a rim bed by means of cold forming
CN102950184A (zh) * 2012-11-07 2013-03-06 长春设备工艺研究所 钼及钼合金坩埚壳体的旋压加工方法
CN102989856A (zh) * 2012-12-03 2013-03-27 西安西工大超晶科技发展有限责任公司 一种大型变壁厚纯钼坩埚的成型方法
US20160236258A1 (en) * 2015-02-17 2016-08-18 K.K. Endo Seisakusho Fixing sleeve and manufacturing method thereof
WO2020182730A3 (en) * 2019-03-11 2020-11-05 Nicoventures Trading Limited Aerosol generation device heater element manufacture
US11278946B2 (en) * 2018-09-27 2022-03-22 Inno-Spin LLC Multi-axis roll-forming methods, systems, and products

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1712118A (en) * 1927-12-03 1929-05-07 George G Powers Method of and apparatus for modifying the shape of metallic tubes
US2330811A (en) * 1942-01-24 1943-10-05 Metal Tube Shaping Corp Machine for configuring tubing
US2408596A (en) * 1944-03-13 1946-10-01 Nat Tube Co Method of forming cylinder ends
US2503464A (en) * 1944-10-12 1950-04-11 Nat Tube Co Tube forming
US2522257A (en) * 1945-05-18 1950-09-12 Bishop & Babcock Mfg Co Means for forming tubes from tubular blanks
US2691818A (en) * 1952-03-31 1954-10-19 Jr Dean M Rockwell Method and apparatus for use in making valve protector caps for compressed gas cylinders
US2699596A (en) * 1948-06-09 1955-01-18 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Process of making gas pressure cylinders having walls with improved uniformity in thickness
US3098285A (en) * 1960-05-02 1963-07-23 Kelzenberg Matthias Method for intimately sheathing foundation bodies with sheet metal jackets
US3406554A (en) * 1965-07-06 1968-10-22 Continental Can Co Apparatus for and method of forming containers
US3433040A (en) * 1966-12-29 1969-03-18 Honeywell Inc Tube forming apparatus
US3556032A (en) * 1968-05-23 1971-01-19 Dayton Reliable Tool & Mfg Co Method of fabricating can bodies

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1712118A (en) * 1927-12-03 1929-05-07 George G Powers Method of and apparatus for modifying the shape of metallic tubes
US2330811A (en) * 1942-01-24 1943-10-05 Metal Tube Shaping Corp Machine for configuring tubing
US2408596A (en) * 1944-03-13 1946-10-01 Nat Tube Co Method of forming cylinder ends
US2503464A (en) * 1944-10-12 1950-04-11 Nat Tube Co Tube forming
US2522257A (en) * 1945-05-18 1950-09-12 Bishop & Babcock Mfg Co Means for forming tubes from tubular blanks
US2699596A (en) * 1948-06-09 1955-01-18 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Process of making gas pressure cylinders having walls with improved uniformity in thickness
US2691818A (en) * 1952-03-31 1954-10-19 Jr Dean M Rockwell Method and apparatus for use in making valve protector caps for compressed gas cylinders
US3098285A (en) * 1960-05-02 1963-07-23 Kelzenberg Matthias Method for intimately sheathing foundation bodies with sheet metal jackets
US3406554A (en) * 1965-07-06 1968-10-22 Continental Can Co Apparatus for and method of forming containers
US3433040A (en) * 1966-12-29 1969-03-18 Honeywell Inc Tube forming apparatus
US3556032A (en) * 1968-05-23 1971-01-19 Dayton Reliable Tool & Mfg Co Method of fabricating can bodies

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3804045A (en) * 1969-09-17 1974-04-16 Bomco Process for producing molybdenum cup wares having thin internally tapered sidewalls
US4126029A (en) * 1976-12-02 1978-11-21 General Electric Company Method of forming hollow cylindrical parts with internal contours
US5598729A (en) * 1994-10-26 1997-02-04 Tandem Systems, Inc. System and method for constructing wall of a tube
US5845527A (en) * 1994-10-26 1998-12-08 Tandem Systems, Inc. System and method for constricting wall of a tube
US6182349B1 (en) * 1996-04-01 2001-02-06 Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. Method for producing a seamless metallic belt
FR2755044A1 (fr) * 1996-10-29 1998-04-30 Aerospatiale Procede de fabrication d'une piece creuse de revolution, par fluotournage, et piece obtenue par ce procede
EP0839593A1 (de) * 1996-10-29 1998-05-06 AEROSPATIALE Société Nationale Industrielle Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Hohlrevolutionskörper durch Fliessdrehen und nach diesem Verfahren hergestellter Gegenstand
US6218780B1 (en) 1997-07-09 2001-04-17 Patent-Truehand-Gesellschaft Fuer Elektrische Gluelampen Mbh High-pressure discharge lamp with a cooled electrode
US6192561B1 (en) * 1998-12-16 2001-02-27 Ronald B. Bennett Cartridge case former and method
US6212926B1 (en) 1999-04-21 2001-04-10 Tandem Systems, Inc. Method for spin forming a tube
US6826865B2 (en) 2003-02-10 2004-12-07 Clymer Manufacturing Co. Gun chambering device
US20090126443A1 (en) * 2004-08-06 2009-05-21 Fontijne Grotnes B.V. Method and apparatus for manufacturing a rim bed by means of cold forming
EP1975975A1 (de) 2007-03-30 2008-10-01 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Für Elektrische Glühlampen mbH Baueinheit für eine elektrische Lampe mit Aussenkolben
US20080238322A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-02 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen Mbh Structural unit for an electric lamp with an outer bulb
CN102950184A (zh) * 2012-11-07 2013-03-06 长春设备工艺研究所 钼及钼合金坩埚壳体的旋压加工方法
CN102989856A (zh) * 2012-12-03 2013-03-27 西安西工大超晶科技发展有限责任公司 一种大型变壁厚纯钼坩埚的成型方法
CN102989856B (zh) * 2012-12-03 2014-12-10 西安超晶新能源材料有限公司 一种大型变壁厚纯钼坩埚的成型方法
US20160236258A1 (en) * 2015-02-17 2016-08-18 K.K. Endo Seisakusho Fixing sleeve and manufacturing method thereof
US10265754B2 (en) * 2015-02-17 2019-04-23 K.K. Endo Seisakusho Fixing sleeve and manufacturing method thereof
US11278946B2 (en) * 2018-09-27 2022-03-22 Inno-Spin LLC Multi-axis roll-forming methods, systems, and products
WO2020182730A3 (en) * 2019-03-11 2020-11-05 Nicoventures Trading Limited Aerosol generation device heater element manufacture
US12478104B2 (en) 2019-03-11 2025-11-25 Nicoventures Trading Limited Aerosol generation device heater element manufacture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT322326B (de) 1975-05-12

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