US3660964A - Material guide members for a compressing and conveying apparatus - Google Patents

Material guide members for a compressing and conveying apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3660964A
US3660964A US844348A US3660964DA US3660964A US 3660964 A US3660964 A US 3660964A US 844348 A US844348 A US 844348A US 3660964D A US3660964D A US 3660964DA US 3660964 A US3660964 A US 3660964A
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United States
Prior art keywords
bat
conveyors
belt
hopper
spaced apart
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Expired - Lifetime
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US844348A
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English (en)
Inventor
Arnold L Willis
Harold Wortman
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Celanese Corp
MSL IND Inc
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MSL IND Inc
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Assigned to CELANESE CORPORATION A DE CORP reassignment CELANESE CORPORATION A DE CORP ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: FIBER INDUSTRIES INC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B68—SADDLERY; UPHOLSTERY
    • B68G—METHODS, EQUIPMENT, OR MACHINES FOR USE IN UPHOLSTERING; UPHOLSTERY NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B68G7/00—Making upholstery
    • B68G7/06—Filling of cushions, mattresses, or the like

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a machine for temporarily compressing and conveying a resilient bat of fibrous material for placement in an envelope, or fabric tubing, and, particularly, concerns a material guide arrangement positioned between the belt conveyors for maintaining and constricting the material within the lateral width of the conveyor belts.
  • a pair of material guide members which constrict and retain the lateral expansion of the bats of continuous filament tow as it is conveyed and compressed between a pair of opposed belt conveyors from an inlet and to an output end and thereby substantially eliminate the possibility of strands of the continuous filament material winding around the belt-supporting and driving shafts, and related mechanism.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of the machine embodying the invention with parts broken away;
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the machine shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 isa transverse sectional view of the belt conveyor assembly taken on lines 3-3 of FIG. 1 and shows the material guide members;
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary transverse sectional view of the conveyor assembly shown in FIG. 3 with the conveyor guide members illustrated in a second position;
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary, longitudinal sectional view of the conveyor assembly taken generally on line 5-5 of FIG. 2 and showing the conveyor assembly introducing a bat of material into an envelope and thereby stripping the assembled product from the conveyor assembly;
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged transverse sectional view of the conveyor assembly taken on line 6-6 of FIG. 2 with certain parts removed.
  • continuous filament tow made up of synthetic yarn material may be fed from a supply source in a crimped, deregistered, bulked mass of continuous filament strands which cascade into a collection area.
  • the machine operator rolls this material into a low-density bat until a predetermined amount, determined generally by weight, is accumulated.
  • the resilient bat of material is severed from the supply source by any suitable means, for example, a heated wire which is passed through the rope-like mass of tow.
  • the bat is then placed in a hopper which is supported by the machine frame and comes to rest upon a continuously moving endless belt conveyor positioned at the hopper bottom.
  • the belt conveyor assembly forms generally a continuously moving chute arrangement which temporarily reduces the vertical height of the bat by compressing the resilient bat of continuous filament tow introduced therein by the first-mentioned conveyor, with a substantial lack of pennanent compression, and combines the bat between the inward opposed faces of the belt surfaces and a pair of spaced apart material constricting guide members positioned adjacent the lateral edges of the belt. These guide members restrain any outward expansion of the compressed bat and thereby retain all fibers within the lateral width of the belt.
  • These driven belts convey the bat to the opposite end thereof under compression, where it is ejected from the conveyor assembly and inserted into the open end of an envelope or fabric tubing which is supported at the outlet end of the conveyor assembly.
  • the envelope, or fabric tubing is loosely positioned over the outlet end of the conveyor assembly and encircles the conveyors. Due to the direction of movement of the outwardly facing reaches of the belt, the envelope is maintained in position and as the bat is ejected from the belts, it is immediately inserted into the envelope and by this operation, the assembled product is stripped off from the conveyor outlet end. When the bat is completely released from the belt assembly, it re-expands within the envelope to provide a lowdensity, resilient cushion, or pillow.
  • a frame 10 which comprises a rectangular base 12 and four upstanding leg members 14, all of which are constructed of conventional channel members, or the like.
  • legs 14 At the upper end of legs 14, there is provided a flat, bilevel support platform 16 which is secured to the upper ends of the legs I4 and supports the material conveyor assemblies discussed hereinafter.
  • the support platform 16 comprises a lower section 16a and an upper section 16b, which are joined intermediate the ends thereof by a vertical section 160.
  • a driving motor 18 is supported on the rectangular base 12 and is connected to any suitable source of electrical power 20.
  • the output shaft 22 of the motor 18 has secured thereto a driving sprocket 24.
  • the driving sprocket 24 drives a conventional roller chain 26 about an idler sprocket 28, and driven sprockets 30 and 32, which power the conveyor assemblies, as will be discussed hereinafter.
  • a belt conveyor assembly 34 which comprises a pair of side frames 36, and a conveyor belt 37.
  • driven shafts 38 and 40 which extend between the side frames and are journaled at their opposite ends in fixed bearing supports 42 and adjustable bearing supports 44.
  • Supports 44 are movable by a conventional screw and nut arrangement 46 which is utilized to take up any slack in the belt 37 and to place the desired tension in the belt to insure its driving relationship with the belt pulleys, or rollers 48 secured to the respective shafts 40 and 38.
  • the internal surface of the belt 37 frictionally engages the outer periphery of the pulleys, or rollers 48 and thereby transmits the power received from the motor 18 through suitable drive means discussed hereinafter.
  • a conveyor assembly 50 which comprises an upper belt conveyor 52 and a lower belt conveyor 54 (see FIG. 3).
  • the frame structure 56 for the horizontally spaced a art belt conveyors 52 and 54 includes side frame members 58 and vertically spaced apart flat plates 60 and 62, all suitably welded together to provide a suitable supporting framework for the belt conveyors 52 and 54.
  • Welded at the outer ends of the spaced apart flat plate members 60 and 62 are a pair of transverse rods 64, one welded to each end of the outer ends of the plates 60 and 62 to serve as a frictionless surface for the inside of belts 52 and 54 at the outlet end of the belt conveyors.
  • the side frames 58 support a series of fixed bearing support members 66 and adjustable bearing support members 68.
  • These bearing support members have journaled therein transverse conveyor shafts 70 and 72 and each of the shafts 70 have secured thereon a pulley or roller member 74, while shafts 72, which are driven, as will be explained hereinafter, have a larger pulley 75 secured thereto.
  • the pulleys 74 and 75 frictionally engage the inner surface of the belts 52 and 54 to provide a frictional driving relationship therebetween and the adjustable bearing supports 68 are provided with a conventional screw and nut adjustment arrangement 76 to remove any slack from the belt and to provide the appropriate tension to insure the frictional engagement and driving relationship previously discussed.
  • the driven shafts 72 are directly connected to the previously discussed drive chain 26 by means of sprockets 30 and 32 secured in a coplanar relationship at one end of the respective shafts 72.
  • the driving chain 26 is engaged with the driving sprocket 24 and contacts on one side thereof sprocket 30 and wraps around on the opposite side of the chain sprocket 32 in order to provide a counter-rotating relationship between the sprockets to insure unidirectional movement of the inner surfaces of the belts 52 and 54.
  • the idler sprocket 28 is supported by depending frame member 78 which is secured by any suitable means to the frame structure and is movable to tension the driving chain 26.
  • a sprocket 80 which is secured to the shaft and connected by means of a chain 82 to a sprocket 84, which is secured in a coplanar relationship on the end of shaft 38 in order to transmit power to the belt conveyor 34 to cause the belt 37 to move in corresponding direction to belt 54.
  • a hoodlike guard 90 is positioned over the upper conveyor assembly 52 and its drive components to protect the operator from contact with the bulk 52, shafts 70 and 72, and roller or pulley 74 and 75 and related chain drives 26 and 82.
  • a material-receiving hopper 92 Positioned above the conveyor belt 37 is a material-receiving hopper 92, which includes a pair ofside plates 94 and 96, a rear end wall 98, and a front end wall 100.
  • the front end wall 100 is positioned above and adjacent the pulley 75 and extends from the upper edge of the hopper to the adjacent periphery of pulley 75.
  • the hopper is provided with an open top and bottom, thus exposing the upper surface of the continuously moving belt 37.
  • a pair of upstanding material guide members 102 and 104 are provided, which extend from the sidewalls 94 and 96 of the hopper 92 outwardly along the lateral edges of the belts 52 and 54.
  • These guide members, or material constricting guides 102 and 104 are positioned between the inner faces, or the opposed faces of belts 52 and 54 and within the lateral width of the belts adjacent the edges thereof.
  • the guide members extend substantially along the length of the belt along the input end to a point intermediate the opposite end or the outlet end of the belt conveyors. It will be noted in FIG. 1 that they extend beyond the area where the drive shafts 72, idler shaft 70 and their associated pulleys 74 and 75 and associated bearing structures 66 and 68 are located.
  • these guide members are continuations of the side plates 94 and 96 of the hopper 92.
  • the side plates be additional members, either connected to the hopper 92, or independently supported by other suitable means from the frame structure of the conveyor assembly 50.
  • the guide members 102 and 104 are flexible and are adjustable inwardly toward the center of the belt conveyor assembly and away from the edges thereof by a screw and nut arrangement 106 supported from the platform 62 by support member 108, as will be seen in FIG. 6.
  • the continuous filament tow bat is shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 4, and 5 and is indicated by the letter B.
  • the envelope to which the temporarily compressed bat is inserted is shown in FIG. 5 and indicated by the letter T.
  • the envelope is a pillow ticking and the bat shown is pillow filler.
  • spaced apart frame members 60 and 62 of the conveyor assembly 50 are provided with rounded side edges to facilitate the receiving of the envelope T therearound, which loosely encircles the conveyor assembly during the operation of the machine. These rounded edge portions of the frame members 60 and 62 are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 of the drawings.
  • the motor 18 is energized through the suitable power source 20, which causes chain 26 to be driven in a clockwise direction by rotation of shaft 22 and sprocket 24 secured thereto.
  • the chain 26 in turn drives sprocket 32 on upper shaft 72 in a clockwise direction and drives the sprocket 30 on lower shaft 72 in a counterclockwise direction, which causes the inwardly facing surfaces of the opposed belt conveyors 52 and 54 to move toward the outer end of the conveyor assembly. Conversely, the outwardly facing surfaces of the belt conveyors 52 and 54 move toward the opposite end of the belt conveyors.
  • the driven rotation of the lower shaft 72 in turn causes rotation of sprocket secured to one end thereof and through the chain 82 and the sprocket 84 secured to the end of shaft 38, the belt conveyor 37 is moved in the direction shown in FIG. 1.
  • the upper surfaces of belts 37 and 54 are substantially coplanar and in view of the previously described drive mechanism, these belt surfaces move in the same direction and therefore provide essentially a continuous moving conveyor.
  • a fabric envelope Tin the present instance a pillow tickling-is positioned around the outer surface of the conveyor assemblies 52 and 54 and loosely encircles the outer reaches of the conveyor belts.
  • these outer facing reaches of the conveyor belts are moving toward the opposite end of the machine, they gently move the pillow ticking as far forward as possible and hold it there by a very light frictional contact with the inner surface of the pillow ticking.
  • the material which is a continuous filament tow is fed from a supply source in a crimped, deregistered, bulked mass of continuous fibrous strands into a collection area.
  • a predetermined amount of the bulked continuous filament product is formed into a low-density bat, as indicated by the numeral B in the shape and weight corresponding to the end cushion product.
  • the measuring, shaping, and cutting of the low-density bat from the supply can be accomplished by any suitable means, for example, a heated wire which is passed through the continuous filament tow and is normally carried out automatically by apparatuses known in the art.
  • the belt 37 moves the bat forwardly into the inlet end of the conveyor assembly 50 and the inner surfaces of belts 52 and 54.
  • the bat is further directed toward this inlet end of the conveyor assembly 50 by the sidewalls 94 and 96 of the hopper which, as seen in FIG. 2, converge toward the throat area of the conveyor assembly.
  • the bat As the bat enters the inlet of the conveyor assemblies and frictionally engages with the opposed faces of conveyors 52 and 54, it is compressed and drawn into this moving chute-like arrangement between the material constricting guides 104 and 102, as seen in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the bat moves through the conveyor assembly 50 and is restricted from any lateral expansion by means of the guides 102 and 104, which are flexible, but are constructed and arranged to stay within the lateral width of the belts 52 and 54.
  • This positioning of the guides can be adjusted by means of the screw and nut arrangement shown in FIG. 6 and indicated by the numerals 106 and 108.
  • the bat proceeds to the opposite end of the conveyor assembly and is guided thereby by means of the upper and lower surfaces of the belts 52 and 54 and the material constricting guides 102 and 104 until it reaches the outer end, at which time, it is ejected from the conveyor assembly and moves into the open end of the fabric envelope, or pillow ticking T.
  • the remainder of the bat is continuously pushed forwardly by the conveyor belt, it strips off the pillow ticking T while the bat is being ejected from the belts.
  • the completed product is self-ejecting from the conveyor assembly and after the bat is completely introduced within the pillow ticking or envelope T, the material is released from the belt and expands within the envelope to provide a very lowdensity, resilient cushion or pillow product. At that point, all 'that is required is an operator, or an attendant to close the open end portion of the pillow ticking and the product is completed.
  • Apparatus for placing a bat of compressible, resilient, fibrous material into an open ended pillow tick in a substantially non-compressed form comprising a hopper for the receipt of a soft, resilient, compressible, fibrous bat of synthetic fiber material of predetermined size and shape, a pair of spaced apart, substantially parallel belt conveyors,
  • said conveyors having discharge ends shaped for the positioning of said pillow tick thereover for the receipt of a conveyed bat
  • said hopper being positioned adjacent one end of the spaced conveyors
  • a belt conveyor located adjacent the hopper bottom and coplanar with one of said spaced apart parallel belt conveyors for the feeding of said batt into said spaced apart conveyors
  • drive means for said belt conveyors an adjustable pair of opposed, flexible, material guide members coplanar with the sidewalls of the hopper and extending between the conveyor belts and within the lateral width thereof, said guide means extending from the hopper to an area beyond the drive means for the parallel belt conveyors to prevent material being compressed by the parallel belt conveyors from becoming entangled with said drive means
  • said belt conveyors and guide means forming a passageway for the vertical and horizontal compression of said bat during the conveyance thereof
  • said spaced apart conveyors having discharge ends shaped for the positioning of said pillow tick thereover for the direct feeding of the bat into the pillow tick, thereby providing for the substantial release of said compression

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Structure Of Belt Conveyors (AREA)
US844348A 1969-07-24 1969-07-24 Material guide members for a compressing and conveying apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3660964A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US84434869A 1969-07-24 1969-07-24

Publications (1)

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US3660964A true US3660964A (en) 1972-05-09

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US844348A Expired - Lifetime US3660964A (en) 1969-07-24 1969-07-24 Material guide members for a compressing and conveying apparatus

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3660964A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4832230B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE753454A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE7027955U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK129332B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2053115B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1305118A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USD270060S (en) 1980-03-31 1983-08-09 Conny Hedenberg Holder for inserting elastic material into covers
DE3316622A1 (de) * 1982-05-07 1983-11-10 Blarzino, Carlo Vorlageeinrichtung fuer sprungfeder-press- und verpackungsmaschinen
US4592193A (en) * 1982-08-26 1986-06-03 Gustavsson Olov Erland Apparatus for packaging resiliently compressible articles
US4845925A (en) * 1988-05-02 1989-07-11 Thompson James A Cushion cover stuffing machine and method
WO1990014992A1 (en) * 1989-06-09 1990-12-13 Machine Design Systems, Inc. Cushion cover stuffing machine and method
US5022216A (en) * 1989-04-04 1991-06-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Method and apparatus for making easy open flexible bag filled with compressed flexible articles
US5036978A (en) * 1988-06-28 1991-08-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Opening device for flexible bags filled with compressed flexible articles
US5050742A (en) * 1990-11-02 1991-09-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Easy opening package containing compressed flexible articles
US5054619A (en) * 1989-12-15 1991-10-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Side opening flexible bag with longitudinally oriented carrying handle secured to side panels
US5065868A (en) * 1990-10-23 1991-11-19 Cornelissen Roger E Package consisting of a paper bag compactly packing compressed flexible articles
US5345661A (en) * 1993-05-03 1994-09-13 General Motors Corporation Seat skinning and method
US5398482A (en) * 1993-03-10 1995-03-21 General Motors Corporation Seat skinning apparatus and method
US5564261A (en) * 1995-12-01 1996-10-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Method and apparatus for feeding resiliently compressed articles to a form/fill/seal machine
US6699553B1 (en) 2001-02-26 2004-03-02 George T. Koket Thermoset tile with freeze-thaw resistant feature
US20070199800A1 (en) * 2006-02-28 2007-08-30 Weigang Qi Conveyor system for high speed, high performance bagger
US20150203221A1 (en) * 2014-01-10 2015-07-23 C3 Corporation System and method for packaging a foam product

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59123111U (ja) * 1983-02-03 1984-08-18 広島　保 おむつカバ−
DE3418704C2 (de) * 1984-05-19 1986-04-17 Christof Grauff Maschinenfabrik, 7518 Bretten Vorrichtung zum Beziehen von Polsterkissen aus Schaumstoff
JPS6293310U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1985-11-27 1987-06-15
CN103950884B (zh) * 2014-04-09 2016-06-08 来安县新元机电设备设计有限公司 枕头袋棉花自动灌装设备

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1553836A (en) * 1920-02-19 1925-09-15 Combination Woodworking Machin Mattress-making machine
US2413556A (en) * 1942-12-03 1946-12-31 Int Cellucotton Products Method of packaging cellulosic pads
GB711544A (en) * 1951-06-13 1954-07-07 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method and apparatus for packaging fibrous materials
US2924925A (en) * 1956-05-29 1960-02-16 Cash Machine Company Inc Mattress filling machine
GB978686A (en) * 1960-08-03 1964-12-23 Cellophane Invest Company Ltd Method of packaging compressible materials
US3319394A (en) * 1963-07-25 1967-05-16 Goodrich Co B F Apparatus for packaging resilient cellular material
US3473291A (en) * 1967-05-18 1969-10-21 G R Kirk Co Sheathing apparatus
US3474592A (en) * 1964-04-20 1969-10-28 Stille Werner Ab Machine for producing and packaging diapers
US3576704A (en) * 1968-07-03 1971-04-27 Burlington Industries Inc Pleat stuffed upholstery fabric

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1553836A (en) * 1920-02-19 1925-09-15 Combination Woodworking Machin Mattress-making machine
US2413556A (en) * 1942-12-03 1946-12-31 Int Cellucotton Products Method of packaging cellulosic pads
GB711544A (en) * 1951-06-13 1954-07-07 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method and apparatus for packaging fibrous materials
US2924925A (en) * 1956-05-29 1960-02-16 Cash Machine Company Inc Mattress filling machine
GB978686A (en) * 1960-08-03 1964-12-23 Cellophane Invest Company Ltd Method of packaging compressible materials
US3319394A (en) * 1963-07-25 1967-05-16 Goodrich Co B F Apparatus for packaging resilient cellular material
US3474592A (en) * 1964-04-20 1969-10-28 Stille Werner Ab Machine for producing and packaging diapers
US3473291A (en) * 1967-05-18 1969-10-21 G R Kirk Co Sheathing apparatus
US3576704A (en) * 1968-07-03 1971-04-27 Burlington Industries Inc Pleat stuffed upholstery fabric

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USD270060S (en) 1980-03-31 1983-08-09 Conny Hedenberg Holder for inserting elastic material into covers
DE3316622A1 (de) * 1982-05-07 1983-11-10 Blarzino, Carlo Vorlageeinrichtung fuer sprungfeder-press- und verpackungsmaschinen
US4592193A (en) * 1982-08-26 1986-06-03 Gustavsson Olov Erland Apparatus for packaging resiliently compressible articles
US4845925A (en) * 1988-05-02 1989-07-11 Thompson James A Cushion cover stuffing machine and method
US5036978A (en) * 1988-06-28 1991-08-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Opening device for flexible bags filled with compressed flexible articles
US5022216A (en) * 1989-04-04 1991-06-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Method and apparatus for making easy open flexible bag filled with compressed flexible articles
WO1990014992A1 (en) * 1989-06-09 1990-12-13 Machine Design Systems, Inc. Cushion cover stuffing machine and method
US5054619A (en) * 1989-12-15 1991-10-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Side opening flexible bag with longitudinally oriented carrying handle secured to side panels
US5065868A (en) * 1990-10-23 1991-11-19 Cornelissen Roger E Package consisting of a paper bag compactly packing compressed flexible articles
US5050742A (en) * 1990-11-02 1991-09-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Easy opening package containing compressed flexible articles
US5398482A (en) * 1993-03-10 1995-03-21 General Motors Corporation Seat skinning apparatus and method
US5345661A (en) * 1993-05-03 1994-09-13 General Motors Corporation Seat skinning and method
US5461764A (en) * 1993-05-03 1995-10-31 General Motors Corporation Seat skinning apparatus
US5564261A (en) * 1995-12-01 1996-10-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Method and apparatus for feeding resiliently compressed articles to a form/fill/seal machine
US6699553B1 (en) 2001-02-26 2004-03-02 George T. Koket Thermoset tile with freeze-thaw resistant feature
US20070199800A1 (en) * 2006-02-28 2007-08-30 Weigang Qi Conveyor system for high speed, high performance bagger
US7281622B2 (en) 2006-02-28 2007-10-16 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Conveyor system for high speed, high performance bagger
US20150203221A1 (en) * 2014-01-10 2015-07-23 C3 Corporation System and method for packaging a foam product

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2036860C3 (de) 1975-09-04
BE753454A (fr) 1970-12-16
FR2053115A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-04-16
DK129332B (da) 1974-09-30
DE7027955U (de) 1975-10-16
DK129332C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-02-24
DE2036860B2 (de) 1975-01-09
GB1305118A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-01-31
FR2053115B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-05-30
JPS4832230B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-10-04
DE2036860A1 (de) 1971-01-28

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AS Assignment

Owner name: CELANESE CORPORATION A DE CORP

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:FIBER INDUSTRIES INC;REEL/FRAME:004239/0763

Effective date: 19841230