US3659982A - Extensible locking systems for formwork for the casting of concrete constructions - Google Patents

Extensible locking systems for formwork for the casting of concrete constructions Download PDF

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US3659982A
US3659982A US734079A US3659982DA US3659982A US 3659982 A US3659982 A US 3659982A US 734079 A US734079 A US 734079A US 3659982D A US3659982D A US 3659982DA US 3659982 A US3659982 A US 3659982A
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yoke
units
rods
formwork
another
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US734079A
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Sven-Erik Vilhelm Svensson
Erno Jozef Thoma
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/06—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
    • E04G11/20—Movable forms; Movable forms for moulding cylindrical, conical or hyperbolical structures; Templates serving as forms for positioning blocks or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/06—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
    • E04G11/20—Movable forms; Movable forms for moulding cylindrical, conical or hyperbolical structures; Templates serving as forms for positioning blocks or the like
    • E04G11/22—Sliding forms raised continuously or step-by-step and being in contact with the poured concrete during raising and which are not anchored in the hardened concrete; Arrangements of lifting means therefor

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  • ABSTRACT 16 131 131 131 131 YT; 249/17 181
  • the present invention relates to apparatus for casting 221 1591 1912091212; concrete structures having a varying cross-section and in- 182/152, 1881 187; 52/109 cludes a plurality of interconnected units.
  • Each of the units includes at least two rods of equal length which are pivotally in- [56] References cued terconnected to one another at their mid points, the ends of UNITED STATES PATENTS adjacent units being pivotally connected at an angle to one another such that upon plvotmg of the two rods of each of the 2.431 3/1968 L WC units, the ends are all moved in parallel relationship to one 3,453,707 7/l969 JOhflHSSOW- another.
  • a rigid yoke carries the framework and includes a 97 ,2 2 1 H1910 Higgins pair of legs, each of the units being pivotally connected to a 1,172,355 2/1916 Guest stationary point on one yoke leg and pivotally connected to a MCDOwe u... member movable along a y ke leg 2,516,318 7/1950 Hawes 2,596,854 5/1952 Jack ..25/131 4Claims,36 Drawing Figures Patented May 2, 1972 3,659,982
  • the locking system in which the formwork walls are secured, which represents an integral part of the formwork system, and which takes the pressure of the concrete, must be made variable (flexible), so that the concrete construction will have the required accurate shape at each place over its height. It is just as necessary to be able correspondingly to vary the working bridges attached to the formwork or its locking system for performing the concreting.
  • the whole formwork construction-Le, the formwork walls, the locking system and the working bridges-must be regarded as one unit, mounted at the base of the building, and thereafter used undivided for continuous concreting to the top of the building, without repeated dismantling and assembly. Only those adjustments and readjustments of the formwork are inevitable which are the result of the horizontal cross-section gradually changing in the upward direction.
  • the lattice must have enough rigidity to allow at any moment deformations which are not greater than those permissible having regard to the required shape of the concrete construction, while at the same time the lattice must also in practice be readily adjusted.
  • This demand applies in general to both climbing and sliding formwork. However, there is a certain difference between these two different types of formwork.
  • the invention therefore relates to a stifiening locking system which bears the formwork and can be used in the erection of concrete constructions of any cross-section which concrete constructions may take, the cross-section varying to any extent heightwise of the construction.
  • FIG. 2 shows examples of vertical generatrices of concrete constructions with different cross-sectional variations the outer configurations of which are indicated by lines I-I, II-II and III-Ill.
  • This Figure relates to constructions with a vertical axis of symmetry, but the axis can also be inclined.
  • FIG. 3 is a geometric construction illustrating the principle according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic geometric construction
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a shortening of the scissors type link system shown in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 shows a construction with added rods and sliding places.
  • FIG. 7 shows a shortening of the formation shown in FIG. 6.
  • FIGS. 8-12 show further forms of development of the idea of the invention, at different stages of making a concrete construction.
  • FIGS. 13 and 14 are plan views of two examples for polygonal locking systems which are constructed on the geometrical principles of the preceding figures.
  • FIGS. 15-18 show the parallel movement of a line on the geometrical principles according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 19 and 20 show the application of the idea of the invention to the lateral movement of formwork walls.
  • FIG. 21 shows the functional relations of the lateral movement of the formwork walls.
  • FIG. 23 shows a practical example in which the locking system is completely outside the sliding formwork.
  • FIG. 24 shows the application of the idea of the invention on a variant and simplified principle, according to which steep discs are used instead of rods.
  • FIG. 25 shows a development of the basic principles of FIG. 24, spatial-element units or modules being built up from discs.
  • FIGS. 26 and 27 are plan views showing the basic operation of the device shown in FIG. 25.
  • FIGS. 28 and 29 are diagrammatic vertical sections and perspective views of an upwardly tapering spatial-element system as shown in FIGS. 26 and 27.
  • FIG. 30 shows diagrammatically the use of a sliding formwork yoke in combination with crossed discs.
  • FIGS. 31-33 show diagrammatically, to a reduced scale, various operational steps in the use of the yoke shown in FIG. 30.
  • FIGS. 34 and 35 show the behaviour of the rigid discs when the locking system is narrowed to a predetermined minimum value
  • FIG. 36 shows a practical example of the use in sliding formwork concreting of a locking system built up from flat discs.
  • the invention is based on the geometrical arrangement shown in FIG. 3i.e., that two straight rods Al-B2 and A2-B1 of equal length, which intersect one another pivotably at the center 0, always keep their connecting lines Al-Bl and A2-B2 parallel with one another.
  • a number of identical scissors of the kind are pivotably connected to one another (FIG. 4), therefore, all the lines Al-Bl etc., are parallel with one another.
  • Each change in length of each of the lines Al-Bl etc. causes a corresponding change in the length of the other lines, maintaining the parallelism of the lines (FIG. 5).
  • the linkage represents a framework rod system of determined geometrical shape and composed of scissors units or modules.
  • a spatial construction basically built up in the manner described can be considered to be composed of identic members A1A2-B2-Bl-E1-E2- D2-D1, which are identical in this case, and the corresponding ones, all the rods Al-Bl etc. and Bl-EI etc. (vertical in this case), having their geometrically determined positions viewed in plan.
  • Each identical vertical change in length of one or more of the rods Al-Bl etc. changes the mutual position in the plan of all these rods in a definite given geometrical relationship.
  • FIG. 11 shows two geometrically angle-forming scissors" units or moduluses placed at a geometrical angle with common vertical rods or uprights Al-Cl and A2-C2, the units or moduluses each have their own separate sliding place B1 and B2; C1 and C2.
  • the corresponding sliding place of the vertical guide rods or uprights Dl-Fl and D2-F 2 is H1; H2.
  • the parallel movement of the rods Dl-Fl and DZ-FZ in the direction of the rods Al-Cl and A2-C2 can therefore take place without the mutual parallel movement of the last-mentioned rods, as shown in FIG. 12.
  • the rods Al-CI and AZ-CZ can be moved mutually in parallel, without the rods Dl-Fl and D2-F2 moving in the direction of the rods AI-C I and A2-C2.
  • FIGS. 13 and 14 are exemplary plan views of two polygonal looking systems constructed from rods on the geometrical principles disclosed hereinbefore. In both cases, for claritys sake it has been assumed that the external outline AA of the locking system is to be reduced to the size A'A'. Moreover, the Figures show two lateral elevations explaining the geometrical events during the reduction of the looking system. The internal outline D-D remains constant in both cases, this being shown for clarity by the shading along the line D-H. The reference letters used are basically those used hereinbefore. The rods and nodal points correspond to those in FIGS. 11 and 12.
  • FIGS. 15-18 show diagrammatically how according to the invention the line A-G of the geometrical construction is moved in parallel in the direction of the axis of the construction.
  • the internal radius of the construction has the reference r, and its external radius has the reference H.
  • the horizontal projection of the extensible or flexible disc A-D-H-G has a maximum length a and a minimum length b in the radial direction.
  • the vertical lines D-H are locally fixed with relation to the horizontal plane by the fact that the two annular closed polygons D-D and H-H have a determined and unalterable outline, as is indicated by the shading along the line D-I-I.
  • the internal radius has the reference r1, so that the length of the external radius R r1 +a.
  • the vertical straight lines A-G are now fixed in placci.e., the closed polygons A-A and G-G are locked in a particular configuration (in this case marked by the shading along AG, while the inner polygons DD and l-l-I-l are unlocked.
  • the vertical straight lines D-H can now be moved in parallel by the distance a-b into their innermost positions (FIG. 17).
  • the straight lines Dl-I are again locked and the straight lines AG unlocked, and a condition has been reached analagous to that shown in FIG. 15.
  • the internal radius has now been reduced to the value r2.
  • the external radius is therefore R r2 a r1 b).
  • the process described can then be repeated. In this way, therefore, the plumb lines A-G can be moved as required in parallel in the direction of the central axis of the geometrical construction.
  • FIGS. 19 and 20 show in principle how, with the aforedescribed geometrical construction A-D-H-C, for instance a moment-rigid yoke l with formwork walls 2 has been disposed on the plumb line A-G, the walls being borne via adjustable supporting elements 3 by the yoke, and being adjustable by means of the supporting elements 3 to any inclination 1-1.
  • This corresponds in principle to the main devices of sliding formwork concreting, the lifting force required to move all the structural components of the construction along the inclined line being provided by means of jacks 4 of known construction.
  • a locking system built up from the afore-described geometrical arrangement of rods with stationary and sliding places of articulation can be given the required flexibility by forces exclusively parallel with one another, and changes in length of the vertical rods shown in the embodiments illustrated, which extend through the nodal points A and D.
  • the forces for changing the length of the rods can be applied either as compressive forces between A and G; D and H, the vertical rods being moved in parallel towards one another, or as tensile forces, the rods being moved in parallel away from one another.
  • the system also enables the continuous or successive change in dimension of the locking system to be performed from a single, central operating place.
  • the devices for this central operation can be of various constructions known to an engineer in the art from the prior art.
  • the movement A z along the line of inclination ll corresponds to the climbing step (lifting step) of the sliding formwork lifting means used, along the climbing rod disposed in the inclination II.
  • a climbing step of this kind is usually about 25 mm.
  • the required horizontal movement depends on the value of the climbing step, and the form of the line of inclination I-I.
  • the elongation of the distance A-G required in the present case also depends on the length of the rods A-I-I and D-G (which are of equal length), and also on the particular angle between these rods during the lifting of the formwork.
  • the change of the distance A-G required for each lifting step can therefore be predetermined geometrically and mathematically for each stage in height of the sliding formwork over the height of the concrete construction.
  • FIG. 22 shows a locking system which is built up from rods according to the aforedescribed geometrical construction and is to be used for sliding formwork concreting.
  • the whole locking system is disposed inside the sliding fonnwork.
  • FIG. 22 shows a sliding formwork yoke 1, sliding formwork walls 2, supporting elements 3 between the formwork and the yoke, lifting members (jacks) 4 and climbing rods 4a thereof.
  • the upright 5 connected to the yoke 1 has the reference 50, and the movable part of the upright 5a had the reference 5b.
  • the scissors-like criss-crossing rods which are basically radially directed and connected to the upright 5a, 5b have the reference 6 and the pivotable places of attachment of the rods 6 to the upright 5a, 5b have the references 6a, 6b.
  • the inwardly and upwardly directed rod 6 is pivotably connected via the place 60 of attachment to an upright 7.
  • the inwardly and downwardly directed rod 6 is attached to the upright 7 via a retaining member 6d sliding along the lower portion of the upright.
  • the scissors-like criss-crossing rods 8 extending basically tangentially are attached at their top ends via places 8a of articulation to the upright 7, and at their bottom ends are slidably and pivotally connected to the bottom part of the upright via a retaining member 8b.
  • the top ends of the upright 7 are interconnected by rods 9 which are all of identical length in the symmetrical construction shown.
  • the rods 9 can be adjusted in length, for instance, are telescopic, and can be locked.
  • the reference 10 designates the device, for instance, a pressurized screw-driving apparatus, for changing the length of the upright 50, 5b. When the cross-section of the concrete construction is reduced, the uprights 5a, 5b must be lengthened.
  • the scissors unit or module 7-9 is locked in a geometrically fixed position at the places 8b.
  • the scissors" unit 5-7, to which the yoke 1 with its formwork 2 is attached, can be so extended by actuating the screw apparatus 10 that the yoke, and therefore the formwork, moves in the radial direction for instance, inwardly that is to say, the horizontal cross-section of the concrete decreases.
  • the scissors unit 7-9 is adjusted. First of all, the locking of the telescopic rod 9 and of the two sliding retaining members 8b is released.
  • the upright 7 Since the screw apparatus 10 is operated in the opposite direction to the previous direction, the upright 7 is moved in parallel inwards radially opposite the upright 54, 5b by the rod 6 and the shortening of the upright 5a, 5b. This means that the uprights 7 are moved in parallel with one another by the rods 8, the sliding retaining members 8b of the latter being moved in this case downwards.
  • the sliding retaining members 8b When the upright has been moved as far as possible inwards (during which movement the upright 5a, 5b retains its position unchanged), the sliding retaining members 8b are again locked on the upright 7. Thereafter the sliding casting process can be continued exactly as before.
  • FIG. 23 shows a practical example of a locking system for sliding formwork casting which is disposed completely outside the sliding formwork.
  • the references, and also the basic operation of the locking system, are completely analagous to those of FIG. 22.
  • the uprights 5a, 5b must be shortened.
  • FIGS. 3-23 has clarified the idea of the invention, namely to provide a locking system with variable horizontal projection, based on a horizontal parallel movement of vertical rods or uprights which extend through the end points of two intersecting rods pivotably connected to one another at the center.
  • a pair of rods of this kind represents an extensible or flexible disc, and the locking system, as already described, is built up from a number of discs (or modules) of this kind disposed at an angle to one another. In the comers or nodal points two or more units have a common upright.
  • FIG. 24 shows diagrammatically two discs A3-D3-E4-D4 and A4-D4-H3-B3 of the kind specified, which intersect one another pivotably along the common center line 0.
  • the geometrical system shown in FIG. 25 is therefore made up of a number of units or moduluses A3-A4-D4-D3-D3- B4-B4-I-I3, all having extensible surfaces parallel in relation to one another, and a number of secondary frames A2-A3- D3-D2-B2-B3-I-l3-H2, (shown in dotted lines in FIG. 24).
  • FIGS. 28 and 29 show diagrammatically in vertical section and perspective a basically horizontal round (in practice polygonal) spatial system of the aforementioned moduluses which narrows in the upward direction (only the moduluses extensible in all planes are shown), the vertical section (the secondary disc) being shown in its starting position (FIG. 28) by the reference A-D-I-I-B. A certain distance higher, the spatial system has changed as shown in FIG. 29, the vertical section, (the secondary disc) having assumed the form AD -l-I.
  • the system can be employed to adjust the positions of formwork walls 2 carried by a sliding formwork ridged yoke 1 through adjustable supporting members 3 in a similar manner to that described above with reference to FIGS. 19 and 20, to take account of the variations in horizontal cross-section of a tapering concrete structure to be produced with the aid of the formwork.
  • FIG. 30 shows diagrammatically an example of how in principle a sliding formwork yoke 1 can be combined with the coupled secondary discs A2-D2-I-I2-B2 and A3-D3-H3-B3.
  • the reference denotes a yoke leg disposed in bending-resistant manner on a horizontal top yoke beam 1a and bottom yoke beam lb, and the reference 12 denotes a displaceable yoke leg which can be applied at various places along the yoke beams la, 1b.
  • the rod B3-H3 of a first primary frame (shown in full in FIG. 34) is pivotally connected to one end of each lower (as seen in FIG. 30) secondary frame horizontal member, the corresponding rod of a second primary frame being connected to the other ends of said horizontal members.
  • the rod All-D3 of the first primary frame is connected to one end of each of the upper (as seen in FIG.
  • FIGS. 31-33 show diagrammatically to a reduced scale the appearance of the afore-described yoke when the adjustable yoke leg 12 has been locked in various positions to obtain various distances between the two sliding formwork walls 2 i.e., different thicknesses of the concrete wall.
  • the references are identical with those in FIGS. 19 and 20.
  • the angle A4-0-A3 (FIG. 34) can be given only a particular maximum value, and in the end position only a particular minimum value.
  • This largest possible change of angle means, with a given length of the distance A4-B3 (equal to the distance A3-B4), that the points A3 and A4 (B3 and B4 etc.) can approach one another only by about one-half of their original distance from one another i.e., the periphery of the formwork can be reduced only by about one-half, and so therefore can the diameter of the cement construction.
  • the initial diameter at the base conventionally decreases to about one-third with increasing height.
  • the primary discs A3-D3- H4-B4 and A4-D4-H3-B3 etc. can be made adjustable in their length perpendicular to the axis 00 of rotation, but while maintaining the bending or moment-rigidity in the disc plane.
  • FIG. 35 therefore shows how the primary discs have been reduced to their new surfaces A3D3I-l4-B4 and A4-D4-H3-B3.
  • the frame rods A3-B3 and Dh-H3, and A3-B4 and D3-H4 can, for instance, be telesc opic and lockable in precisely determined position thus ensuring precisely determined lengths of the rods.
  • the locking is released, whereafter the force P (FIG. 30) is brought into operation in the opposite direction i.e., the secondary discs in FIG. 30 are given a smaller height. Since the fonnwork yokes remain in their positions, the primary discs experience synchronous, uniform shortening. When the required shortening has been reached, the frame rods are locked, and the operation (sliding formwork concreting) can be continued.
  • FIG. 36 shows a practical example of how a locking system basically built up from flat discs by means of moment-rigid frames, with the afore-described geometrical manner of construction, can be used in practical sliding formwork concreting.
  • the equipment consisting of locking system, yokes and sliding formwork, is shown applied to a concrete construction, such as a chimney stack of upwardly narrowing circular crosssection.
  • the sliding formwork yoke with its two yoke legs 1c is stationary, and completed by the yoke beams la, 1b to form a moment-rigid yoke.

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4081227A (en) * 1973-09-03 1978-03-28 Walter Bohmer Slip form
US4630797A (en) * 1985-02-11 1986-12-23 Bomford James A Clamping yoke for concrete forms
US20140348662A1 (en) * 2012-02-17 2014-11-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Tower
US20200340455A1 (en) * 2016-09-14 2020-10-29 Vestas Wind Systems A/S An apparatus for movement along a tower structure

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SE520503C2 (sv) * 1997-04-21 2003-07-15 Westinghouse Atom Ab Kärnreaktoranordning och sätt att bygga en kärnreaktoranordning
WO2018195612A1 (pt) * 2017-04-25 2018-11-01 Farias Rogerio Sistema e método de construção angular de torres eólicas de concreto e similares
CN107780655B (zh) * 2017-11-23 2023-04-14 中国建筑第二工程局有限公司 一种爬升式烟道支模系统及其施工方法
CN115492369B (zh) * 2022-11-02 2023-06-16 中国水利水电第七工程局有限公司 一种整体式变截面空心墩爬模

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US1172355A (en) * 1915-06-21 1916-02-22 James S Guest Scaffold.
US1435488A (en) * 1921-07-15 1922-11-14 Colin H Mcgregor Form for use in erecting tapered concrete chimneys
US2045789A (en) * 1935-06-28 1936-06-30 James T Mcdowell Elevating form for casting hollow concrete walls
US2516318A (en) * 1945-10-02 1950-07-25 Kwikform Ltd Means for supporting and adjusting movable shuttering for use in the construction of walls or the like from concrete or similar material
US2596854A (en) * 1949-11-07 1952-05-13 Double J Mfg Company Inc Apparatus for raising and leveling forms for walls of concrete structures
US2806747A (en) * 1954-07-08 1957-09-17 William A Jaeger Adjustable scaffold
GB792183A (en) * 1956-03-19 1958-03-19 Roberts Construction Company L Improvements in the erection of concrete structures
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US3053351A (en) * 1960-02-19 1962-09-11 Junius H Fulcher Structural device
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US3231043A (en) * 1964-01-29 1966-01-25 Robert N Brown Scaffolding device
US3252199A (en) * 1961-05-17 1966-05-24 Bossner Josef Formwork for erecting concrete structures
US3354596A (en) * 1966-04-25 1967-11-28 George F Schafer Collapsible scaffolding
US3372431A (en) * 1966-01-24 1968-03-12 Dow Chemical Co Apparatus for preparation of structures
DE1434526A1 (de) * 1964-01-23 1968-12-19 Wayss & Freytag Ag Gleitschalung fuer Bauwerke mit konischen Waenden
US3453707A (en) * 1965-02-19 1969-07-08 Rolf Gustav Johansson Method of sliding-mould concrete casting,and a sliding mould for use in such casting

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US972781A (en) * 1909-12-10 1910-10-11 Carl P Bohland Molding-machine.
US975242A (en) * 1910-02-25 1910-11-08 Robert B Higgins Adjustable concrete-form.
US1172355A (en) * 1915-06-21 1916-02-22 James S Guest Scaffold.
US1435488A (en) * 1921-07-15 1922-11-14 Colin H Mcgregor Form for use in erecting tapered concrete chimneys
US2045789A (en) * 1935-06-28 1936-06-30 James T Mcdowell Elevating form for casting hollow concrete walls
US2516318A (en) * 1945-10-02 1950-07-25 Kwikform Ltd Means for supporting and adjusting movable shuttering for use in the construction of walls or the like from concrete or similar material
US2596854A (en) * 1949-11-07 1952-05-13 Double J Mfg Company Inc Apparatus for raising and leveling forms for walls of concrete structures
US2806747A (en) * 1954-07-08 1957-09-17 William A Jaeger Adjustable scaffold
GB792183A (en) * 1956-03-19 1958-03-19 Roberts Construction Company L Improvements in the erection of concrete structures
US3045313A (en) * 1958-09-30 1962-07-24 Acrow Wolff Gmbh Fa Scaffold for supporting formwork, particularly sliding or climbing molds
US3053351A (en) * 1960-02-19 1962-09-11 Junius H Fulcher Structural device
US3252199A (en) * 1961-05-17 1966-05-24 Bossner Josef Formwork for erecting concrete structures
US3187838A (en) * 1963-10-02 1965-06-08 Jr Robert E Stewart Scaffolding structure
DE1434526A1 (de) * 1964-01-23 1968-12-19 Wayss & Freytag Ag Gleitschalung fuer Bauwerke mit konischen Waenden
US3231043A (en) * 1964-01-29 1966-01-25 Robert N Brown Scaffolding device
US3453707A (en) * 1965-02-19 1969-07-08 Rolf Gustav Johansson Method of sliding-mould concrete casting,and a sliding mould for use in such casting
US3372431A (en) * 1966-01-24 1968-03-12 Dow Chemical Co Apparatus for preparation of structures
US3354596A (en) * 1966-04-25 1967-11-28 George F Schafer Collapsible scaffolding

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4081227A (en) * 1973-09-03 1978-03-28 Walter Bohmer Slip form
US4630797A (en) * 1985-02-11 1986-12-23 Bomford James A Clamping yoke for concrete forms
US20140348662A1 (en) * 2012-02-17 2014-11-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Tower
US9375861B2 (en) * 2012-02-17 2016-06-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Tower
US20200340455A1 (en) * 2016-09-14 2020-10-29 Vestas Wind Systems A/S An apparatus for movement along a tower structure
US11788512B2 (en) * 2016-09-14 2023-10-17 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Apparatus for movement along a tower structure

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DE1759751B2 (de) 1977-05-12
GB1218248A (en) 1971-01-06
CS177008B2 (zh) 1977-07-29
SE328685B (zh) 1970-09-21
DE1759751A1 (de) 1971-08-26

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