US3646687A - Process for packing and drying solid wood and a plant for accomplishing same - Google Patents

Process for packing and drying solid wood and a plant for accomplishing same Download PDF

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Publication number
US3646687A
US3646687A US35502A US3646687DA US3646687A US 3646687 A US3646687 A US 3646687A US 35502 A US35502 A US 35502A US 3646687D A US3646687D A US 3646687DA US 3646687 A US3646687 A US 3646687A
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United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
wood
ammonia
packing
plant
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Expired - Lifetime
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US35502A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gunard Valdemarovich Berzin
Arvid Yanovich Kalnin
Alexandr Fedorovich Sushkov
Voldemar Petrovich Skrupsky
Andris Eduardovich Ziemelis
Boris Fedorovich Soloviev
Karl Mikhailovich Leeniex
Vladimir Kirilovich Sovetin
Yan Karlovich Gulbis
Yan Yanovich Dalbinsh
Bruno Andreevich Priede
Karl Kristapovich Upman
Vitold Iosifovich Muzhit
Yan Petrovich Junga
Ivar Arnoldovich Krogzem
Zigurd Boleslavovich Greitan
Karl Arturovich Rotsen
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YAN YANOVICH DALVINSH
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YAN YANOVICH DALVINSH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/04—Combined bleaching or impregnating and drying of wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/0278—Processes; Apparatus involving an additional treatment during or after impregnation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/20—Compounds of alkali metals or ammonium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/001—Heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/007—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00 using pressure

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A process for packing and drying solid wood, wherein the wood is treated with ammonia at elevated temperatures and under pressure, and simultaneously packed, thereby producing wood which features uniform density over its entire cross section.
  • a plant for accomplishing the process of the invention which helps simultaneously effect in a single chamber both ammonia treatment and forced packing.
  • the present invention relates to processes for packing and drying solid wood and, more particularly, it relates to those of said processes in which packing and drying are effected by way of ammonia treatment and pressing.
  • lt is an object of the present invention to insure the uniformity of packing in all of the above-described casesand provide a simplified technology of producing packed wood together with a full automation of this process, as well as to develop a plant that would provide for the possibility of combining the ammonia treatment and forced packing of wood in a single unit.
  • packing is carried out in the course of treating solid wood with ammonia, the gaseous medium in which the wood under treatment is placed being maintained in the state of forced circulation with a view to intensifying the process of wood dehydration in the course of packing.
  • Such a process of treating solid wood helps attain the uniformity of its packing in all the cases and, as shown by experiments, is advantageous in that it does not require predrying of wood as a separate operation, permitting an equally successful use of green wood.
  • the proposed process helps considerably simplify the technology of treatment.
  • a plant for accomplishing the process for packing and drying solid wood in the course of combined treatment with ammonia at elevated temperatures and under pressure is essentially a hermetically sealed heated chamber accommodating thereinside a press table on which the wood being treated is placed, while the chamber walls incorporate at least one vertically extending power cylinder, whose free end inside the chamber carries a press plate, and a pipeline connected with an apparatus for the pressure feed of ammonia, as well as a fan serving to effect forced circulation of the gaseous medium inside the chamber.
  • Such an arrangement makes for carrying out synchronous treatment and, in addition, improves the working conditions by precluding the entry of ammonia to the surrounding atmosphere.
  • FIGURE shows schematically a cross-sectional view of a plant for accomplishing the method according to the invention.
  • the plant for accomplishing combined treatment of wood with ammonia and forced packing in a single unit comprises a hermetically sealed chamber 1, accommodating thereinside a press table 2, mounted on a carriage 3 for convenience during charging and discharging of wood being treated.
  • the carriage 3 is placed inside the chamber 1 on guides 4 and is brought inside the chamber 1 via an end face opening, said end face opening having a removable end face cover 5.
  • Arranged inside the chamber 1 are also air heaters 6 for heating the internal space.
  • the upper part of the chamber walls incorporates vertically extending hydraulic cylinders 7, the free ends of whose rods 8 protruding inside the chamber I, carry press plates 9.
  • the hydraulic cylinders 7 are set to operation by a hydraulic drive station 10. Ammonia is supplied into the chamber 1 from a vessel 11 along a pipeline 12.
  • a pipeline 13 serves for supplying live steam, if required.
  • a pipeline 14 serves for dropping the pressure inside the chamber 1, and condensate is removed from the chamber 1 via a pipeline 15. Medium is sucked off from inside the chamber by means of a vacuum pump 16.
  • a fan 17 provides for forced circulation of gaseous medium inside the chamber 1. For insuring the safety of the chamber operation, provision is made of a protection valve 18.
  • the end face cover 5 Prior to work, the end face cover 5 is opened and the carriage 3 is brought inside the chamber 1, the table 2 of the carriage carrying piles of blanks 19 separated from each other by spacers 20 of hard-to-deform material.
  • the wood being treated can be of any species, including coniferous wood, featuring any degree of moisture content.
  • the chamber 1 is tightly sealed with the cover 5, a valve 2] is opened and the vacuum pump 16 is actuated to create a required degree of vacuum inside the chamber after which the valve 21 is closed, a valve 22 on the pipeline 12 is opened and gaseous ammonia is fed inside the chamber 1 until a constant pressure of ammonia about 2 gauge atmospheres is reached inside the chamber. Pressure is controlled with the aid of a reducing valve 23.
  • a valve 24 is opened and steam is fed to the air heaters 6 which raise the temperature inside the chamber up to C. depending upon the conditions of drying.
  • Condensate from the air heaters is removed via pipeline 25.
  • the valve 22 is closed, the fan 17 is switched on and the process of wood drying commences. Simultaneously with the fan 17, the hydraulic drive station 10 is actuated which sets to operation the hydraulic cylinders 7, and the process of forced packing of wood is effected together with the ammonia treatment.
  • the specific pressure of forced packing can be within the range of from 0.l to 12 kg.(force)/sq.cm., depending upon the required density of wood being treated. Condensate and moisture separated in the course of drying are removed as needed via the pipeline 15.
  • a valve 26 is opened from time to time. If required to maintain the drying conditions, live steam is supplied to the chamber 1 via the pipeline 13 by opening a valve 27.
  • the process of combined treatment with ammonia and forced packing goes on for a period of up to 200 hours, depending upon the size of the wood blanks and initial moisture content.
  • the heating of the chamber 1 is discontinued, the valve 21 is opened and, by actuating the vacuum pump 16, the gaseous medium is removed from the chamber 1.
  • the vacuum pump 16 is disconnected, the valve 21 closed, and the pipeline 14 is opened with the aid ofa valve 28.
  • the fan 17 is switched off.
  • the hydraulic cylinders 7 perform a reverse stroke under the effect of the hydraulic drive station 10, the press plates 9 take the extreme upper position, and the wood is relieved of pressure. Thereupon, the treated wood is discharged. To this end, the end face cover 5 is opened and the carriage 3 with the treated wood is moved outside.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Blanks of green birch wood, 370X90 45 mm. in size are placed in the chamber 1 of the plant described hereinabove in piles as indicated in the specification.
  • the chamber 1 is evacuated to a vacuum of 0.8 kg.(force)/sq.cm. according to a vacuum gauge, whereupon gaseous ammonia is fed inside the chamber 1 to a pressure of 1.0 gauge atmosphere, the heating and the fan 17 are actuated and the blanks are subjected to pressing with a specific pressure of 0.2 kg.(force)/sq.cm., this pressure being maintained to the end of the process.
  • the chamber temperature is gradually raised to l l8i2 C. and the wood is held for 50 hours. After cooling the chamber together with the treated blanks, we obtain a material featuring a uniform density of 700-800 kg./cu.m. and moisture content of 3-5 percent.
  • ammonia and accompanying water vapors are maintained in the course of treatment in a state of forced circulation with the aid of the fan 17 actuated simultaneously with the feed of ammonia at the beginning of heating.
  • the above-specified pressure acting on the blanks is maintained to the end of the process of treatment.
  • the cooling of the chamber together with the treated blanks to ambient temperature takes place in all the cases.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Blanks of green birch wood sized 460X70X50 mm. are placed in the chamber 1 and put under vacuum as hereinbefore described. Gaseous ammonia is fed to the chamber 1 to a pressure of 1.5 gauge atmospheres. Thereupon, the blanks are subjected to a continually growing specific pressure of upto l.2 kg.(force)/sq.cm. The temperature is gradually raised to l 18i2 C. and the wood is held for 60 hours.
  • the treated blanks obtained feature a uniform density of 900-1 ,050 kg./cu.m. and a moisture content of 3-5 percent.
  • EXAMPLE 3 Blanks of birch wood sized 30OXl00X80 mm. and with an average moisture content of 70 percent are placed in the chamber 1 and put under vacuum as indicated above. Then, gaseous ammonia is supplied inside the chamber until the pressure thereinside is l.2 gauge atmospheres. Thereupon, with a gradual pressure increase the blanks are subjected to pressing at a specific pressure of 5 kg.(force)/sq.cm. The temperature is gradually raised to l l8+ C. and the wood is held for 70 hours. The treated blanks feature a uniform density of LOGO-1,200 kg./cu.m. and moisture content of 3-5 percent.
  • EXAMPLE 4 Blanks of green birch wood sized l,200 80 80 mm. are placed in the chamber 1 and put under vacuum as described above. Gaseous ammonia is supplied to the chamber 1 to attain thereinside a pressure of 2 gauge atmospheres. Thereupon, the blanks are subjected to pressing under a specific pressure growing gradually to 7 kg.(force)/sq.cm. The temperature is gradually raised to l l8+ -2 C. and the wood is held for hours. The treated blanks feature a density of l,l50-l,300 kg./cu.m.
  • EXAMPLE 5 Blanks of green birch wood sized 300 l00xl00 mm. are placed in the chamber 1 under vacuum as described above. Gaseous ammonia is fed to the chamber to a pressure of 0.5
  • Blanks of green aspen wood sized 225X75X70 mm. are placed in the chamber 1 of the plant in a manner described above.
  • the fan 17 is actuated, the temperature in the chamber is gradually brought to l l8+ C. and the blanks are held for 14 15 hours. After this period of time elapses, the moisture content of the blanks is on the average reduced to 30 percent. In the case of using predried 'wood there is no need of performing the above-mentioned operations.
  • the temperature in the chamber 1 is brought down to 60fi C., gaseous ammonia is fed to the chamber until the pressure thereinside reaches 0.3 gauge atmosphere and, after 2-3 hours from the moment of ammonia introduction, the blanks are subjected to specific pressure of 7 kg.(force)/sq.cm..The temperature is gradually raised to l l8+ C. and the blanks are held for 25 hours.
  • the resulting packed blanks feature a density of l,000l,l00 kg./cu.m. and moisture content of 3-5 percent.
  • a process for packing and drying solid wood comprising subjecting the wood to treatment with ammonia at elevated temperatures and under pressure and, simultaneously, to forced packing, the gaseous medium in which the wood under treatment is placed being maintained in the state of forced circulation.
  • a plant for packing and drying wood comprising: a hermetically sealed heated chamber including walls; at least one vertically extending power cylinder on one of said walls of said chamber; said power cylinder including a rod having a free end protruding inside said chamber; a press plate on said free end; a press table inside said chamber and adapted for the piling thereon of the wood being treated; a source of ammonia and an apparatus for the pressure feed of ammonia; a pipeline connecting said chamber with said apparatus for the pressure

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
US35502A 1969-05-12 1970-05-07 Process for packing and drying solid wood and a plant for accomplishing same Expired - Lifetime US3646687A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SU1331274A SU458442A1 (ru) 1969-05-12 1969-05-12 Установка дл производства уплотненной древесины

Publications (1)

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US3646687A true US3646687A (en) 1972-03-07

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US35502A Expired - Lifetime US3646687A (en) 1969-05-12 1970-05-07 Process for packing and drying solid wood and a plant for accomplishing same

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3646687A (cs)
AT (1) AT301840B (cs)
BE (1) BE795890Q (cs)
CH (1) CH511108A (cs)
CS (1) CS177413B1 (cs)
FI (1) FI53546C (cs)
FR (1) FR2042565B1 (cs)
NL (1) NL147353B (cs)
RO (1) RO55614A (cs)
SU (1) SU458442A1 (cs)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4606388A (en) * 1985-03-28 1986-08-19 Peter Favot Process for densifying low density woods
GB2183807A (en) * 1985-12-02 1987-06-10 Thai Kaihatu Kabusaiki Kaisha High speed drying of rubber tree wood
US5195251A (en) * 1992-02-19 1993-03-23 Gyurcsek Frank T Drying kiln
US6053225A (en) * 1998-02-10 2000-04-25 Nisshinbo Industries, Inc. Wood molding process
NL2000405C2 (nl) * 2006-12-22 2008-06-24 Willems Holding B V W Werkwijze voor het verduurzamen van hout, houtproduct en inrichting daarvoor.
US20110159297A1 (en) * 2009-12-30 2011-06-30 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Multilayer structures with common tie layer
US20130171358A1 (en) * 2011-12-29 2013-07-04 Eastman Chemical Company Wood treatment method and apparatus employing vessel with bundle stabilization system

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE510658C2 (sv) * 1995-02-24 1999-06-14 Curt Lindhe Sätt att framställa impregnerade träprodukter
RU2684312C1 (ru) * 2017-10-26 2019-04-05 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет имени Г.Ф. Морозова" Устройство для пропитки древесины

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US608780A (en) * 1898-08-09 Bioda
US1328507A (en) * 1918-01-18 1920-01-20 Jr Frederick K Fish Process of drying lumber
US2064965A (en) * 1931-12-14 1936-12-22 David Dominicus Method and means for treating wood
US2296546A (en) * 1941-03-15 1942-09-22 Crossett Lumber Company Method of artificially seasoning lumber
CA684915A (en) * 1964-04-21 Juncker Flemming Method of simultaneous stabilisation and drying of wood

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US608780A (en) * 1898-08-09 Bioda
CA684915A (en) * 1964-04-21 Juncker Flemming Method of simultaneous stabilisation and drying of wood
US1328507A (en) * 1918-01-18 1920-01-20 Jr Frederick K Fish Process of drying lumber
US2064965A (en) * 1931-12-14 1936-12-22 David Dominicus Method and means for treating wood
US2296546A (en) * 1941-03-15 1942-09-22 Crossett Lumber Company Method of artificially seasoning lumber

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4606388A (en) * 1985-03-28 1986-08-19 Peter Favot Process for densifying low density woods
GB2183807A (en) * 1985-12-02 1987-06-10 Thai Kaihatu Kabusaiki Kaisha High speed drying of rubber tree wood
US5195251A (en) * 1992-02-19 1993-03-23 Gyurcsek Frank T Drying kiln
US6053225A (en) * 1998-02-10 2000-04-25 Nisshinbo Industries, Inc. Wood molding process
NL2000405C2 (nl) * 2006-12-22 2008-06-24 Willems Holding B V W Werkwijze voor het verduurzamen van hout, houtproduct en inrichting daarvoor.
WO2008079000A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-07-03 Firmowood Nederland B.V. Method and apparatus for preserving wood, and wood product
JP2010513085A (ja) * 2006-12-22 2010-04-30 ファーモウッド ネーデルランド ベスローテン フェンノートシャップ 木材および木材製品の保存方法と装置
US20100143739A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2010-06-10 Firmowood Nederland B.V. Method and apparatus for preserving wood, and wood product
US8465845B2 (en) * 2006-12-22 2013-06-18 Firmowood Nederland B.V. Method and apparatus for preserving wood, and wood product
US20110159297A1 (en) * 2009-12-30 2011-06-30 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Multilayer structures with common tie layer
US20130171358A1 (en) * 2011-12-29 2013-07-04 Eastman Chemical Company Wood treatment method and apparatus employing vessel with bundle stabilization system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI53546B (cs) 1978-02-28
CH511108A (de) 1971-08-15
CS177413B1 (cs) 1977-07-29
FR2042565A1 (cs) 1971-02-12
NL7006865A (cs) 1970-11-16
FI53546C (fi) 1978-06-12
AT301840B (de) 1972-09-25
NL147353B (nl) 1975-10-15
FR2042565B1 (cs) 1973-04-06
DE2020810A1 (de) 1971-02-04
BE795890Q (fr) 1973-06-18
SU458442A1 (ru) 1975-01-30
RO55614A (cs) 1975-07-15

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