US3638432A - Stationary dredging apparatus - Google Patents

Stationary dredging apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3638432A
US3638432A US819715A US3638432DA US3638432A US 3638432 A US3638432 A US 3638432A US 819715 A US819715 A US 819715A US 3638432D A US3638432D A US 3638432DA US 3638432 A US3638432 A US 3638432A
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Prior art keywords
conduit
water
pump
pipe
dredging
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US819715A
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English (en)
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Townsend L Schoonmaker
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/88—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements acting by a sucking or forcing effect, e.g. suction dredgers
    • E02F3/8808—Stationary installations, e.g. installations using spuds or other stationary supports
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/02—Stream regulation, e.g. breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow
    • E02B3/023—Removing sediments
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT U.S. application discloses apparatus for removing sand and f t 1502f other sedimentary materials from waterways and other sub-
  • Field of Search ..6l/l, 2, 72.4; 37/61, 58 merged locations comprising a genmuy horizontal perforated pipe extending across the bottom of the waterway and con-
  • the clear water supply may be provided by a suction apparatus or a pressure apparatus, and where the perforations are provided in the bottom of the perforated pipe, the pipe may dig its own channel in the bottom of a waterway.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 1,042,792 discloses a device for removing sand and silt from reservoirs by means of a water flow into a pipe embedded in the bottom of the reservoir and hence downwardly through a dam which impounds the reservoir.
  • US. Pat. No. 2,763,904 discloses a stationary dredging apparatus in which sand is sucked into the end ofa pipe from a location where sand is unwanted and delivered to a remote location for disposal where the pipe is provided with an automatic flushing device to clean sand out of the pipe at the time operation of the suction pump is interrupted.
  • US. Pat. No. 3,013,395 discloses a stationary dredging device which employs a series of chambers distributed along the bottom of a waterway which are provided with high-pressure hydraulicjets for moving sand out of the chambers and a water suction removal system for conveying away the sand which is stirred up by the high-pressure jets.
  • a variety of sedimentary materials such as sand, gravel, silt, clay and granular ores may be handled in accordance with this invention, and the terms sedimentary material and sand are used herein in their broad sense as including all of the materials mentioned above and similar materials which can be pumped in a liquid medium.
  • fluid streams containing high percentages of solids are moved up the upwardly inclined pipe until the flow velocity in the pipe decreases to such an extent that solids start to settle in the fluid stream.
  • This condition may be caused in many ways, but regardless of the cause the result produced is a total clogging of the upwardly extending pipe to such an extent that the system must be excavated to return it to operative condition.
  • the clear water supply provided in accordance with this invention may be provided by an auxiliary pump which draws clear water from the waterway at a location substantially above the bottom of the waterway with the pump discharging this clear water stream into the perforated pipe or directly into the upwardly extending pipe near its bottom.
  • the clear water supply is provided by simply connecting to the bottom of the upwardly extending pipe a large diameter pipe which extends upwardly into clear water and, simply through suction, provides a high volume of clear water in the system.
  • the clear water supply should provide a large volume of water compared to the capacity of the pump to pump water through the upwardly extending conduit.
  • the clear water supply should be capable of providing at least 20 percent of the pump capacity when all of the holes in the perforated pipe are closed, the preferably the clear water supply provides under these conditions well in excess of 50 percent of the pump capacity.
  • the ideal arrangement of my invention employs a clear water supply providing percent of the pump capacity through a valve which may be closed progressively as operation of the apparatus progresses.
  • the clear water supply is provided by an open pipe 14 inches in diameter extending into an upwardly extending pipe 20 inches in diameter where the upwardly extending pipe is connected to a pump having a capacity of 15,000 gallons per minute.
  • Water flow through the clear water supply is most important when a dredging operation is begun with many or all of the holes in the perforated pipe covered with sand since it is in this situation that the greatest danger of pipe plugging is encountered.
  • the clear water supply may be left open even after many of the holes in the perforated pipe are uncovered, and with the clear water supply open, dredging will continue along the length of the perforated pipe.
  • the rate of dredging may be increased substantially by closing off the clear water supply after a dredging cycle has continued for a sufficient period of time to uncover enough perforations in the perforated pipe to supply a high volume of clear water in the pipe.
  • a shutoff valve is preferably provided in the clear water supply, and it is desirable to provide control means for preventing the pump from being started when the valve in the clear water supply is closed.
  • the form of the perforations in the perforated pipe may be varied to some extent, and variation in the size of the perforations is desirable depending upon pipe diameter, pump capacity, and the characteristics of the material which is to be dredged by the apparatus.
  • the perforations or lateral openings in the pipe may be provided by a single elongated slot extending along the length of the pipe, but I have found it preferable to employ perforations in the form of circular holes drilled laterally (that is radially) into the pipe with the holes distributed along the length'of the pipe. Tests in certain sand formations have indicated that good dredging results are obtained when the adjacent holes are spaced apart by a distance equal to 2% times the pipe diameter.
  • the holes should be made large enough in diameter to pass large objects which may be encountered in the area, and the holes are preferably made large enough so that the total cross-sectional area of the holes in the pipe is between about two and four times the cross-sectional area of the pipe itself. Additionally, it is desirable to construct the apparatus with the end of the perforated pipe remote from the pump completely open so that at the conclusion of each dredging cycle, clear water will be drawn into the pipe through its full diameter from the remote end flushing out of the pipe any large debris which has entered the pipe through the perforations.
  • the dredging apparatus may be operated periodically to dredge out the trough over the perforated pipe and then permitted to stand idle while intruding sand covers up the trough previously formed.
  • each dredging operation is very effective in removing sand over a fairly wide area which is wider than the pipe and longer than the pipe by distances determined by the angle of repose of the particular sand in water and distance of the pipe underneath the normal bottom of the waterway.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a waterway which is protected by a stationary dredging apparatus of this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken along the plane indicated at 2-2 in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view taken along the plane 3 3 in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 2 showing an alternative form of the invention
  • FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view taken along the plane indicated at 5-5 in FIG. 4, and;
  • FIG. 6 is another vertical sectional view similar to FIGS. 2 and 4 showing another alternative form of the invention.
  • a waterway 10 extends through the beach 12 to an ocean 14 providing a channel for cooling water to a hydroelectric plant.
  • An onshore current indicated by arrow 16 provides a hazard for beach erosion which is prevented by a breakwater l8 protecting the mouth of the waterway 10. While the breakwater protects the mouth of the waterway from erosion, it provides a current indicated by arrow 20 which tends to deposit sand in the quiet water behind the breakwater I8, necessitating periodic dredging of the mouth of the waterway to insure adequate water flow through the waterway during low tide.
  • the stationary dredging apparatus of my invention is installed to remove sand deposits at the mouth of waterway 10 by periodically or continuously drawing sand and water into a perforated pipe 22 which is connected to an upwardly extending pipe 24 and hence through a horizontal pipe section 26 to the suction side ofa dredging pump 28, the discharge of which extends in the direction of arrow 30 through an elongated circuit not shown in a remote location.
  • a plurality of lateral openings 34 are provided in the upper side of the pipe 22.
  • a clear water supply is provided to the pipe 22 by means of a vertical conduit 36 having a valve 38 on its upper end and an intake conduit 40 which is located above the normal bottom 42 of the waterway but below the low-water level 44 of the water in the waterway at low tide,
  • the apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 1-3 is constructed with a suction dredging pump 28 having a capacity to pump l5,000 gallons per minute at a rated input suction of 24 inches of mercury and an output pressure of I77 feet of water.
  • the pump is driven by an electric motor 32 having a rated horsepower of I500.
  • the conduits 22, 24 and 26 are 20-inch diameter with the conduits 36 and 40 having a l4-inch diameter while the perforations 34 are 6-inch diameter circular holes cut into the pipe 22 on 50- inch centers.
  • the valve 38 is illustrated for convenience as a manual valve, but is preferably a pneumatically operated valve located above the water level 44 and controlled from the station of pump 28.
  • a dredge is employed to open a channel to the illustrated depth of the conduit 22, and the conduit 22 is then laid in place. Thereafter, the pump 28 may be shut down for sufficient periods of time to permit intruding sand to cover the pipe 22 to a level 42 in FIG. 2. The intruding sand may then be removed by starting operation of the pump 28 while the valve 38 is open.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 a similar perforated pipe 22 is employed with an upwardly extending pipe 24, and clear water supplies 36, 38 and 40. Additionally, a second pipe 50 is welded to the underside of pipe 22 and connected to an upwardly extending pipe 52 and horizontal pipe 54 which is adapted to be connected to the pump 28.
  • the pipe 52 is provided with a series of perforations 56 in its underside, and a clear water supply pipe 58, valve 60 and conduit 62 are connected to the pipe 50 similar to the clear water supply for pipe 22.
  • the apparatus of FIGS. 4 and 5 may be mounted in place in a channel in the bottom of the waterway without employing an auxiliary dredge to dig the channel.
  • the lower perforated pipe 50 dredges sand out from underneath itself thereby digging its own channel into the bottom of the waterway.
  • the apparatus illustrated therein is similar to the apparatus of FIGS. 1-3 in that it employs the same perforated pipe 22, upwardly extending conduit 24, pump 28, and clear water supply,pipe 36.
  • the clear water supply to pipe 36 is provided by a pump 64 which has its suction side connected through conduit 66 to the water in waterway 10 above the bottom of the waterway and below the water level therein so that when pump 64 is operated, clear water is forced into the pipe 24 to maintain adequate water volume and velocity therein to prevent sand from settling.
  • the form of my invention illustrated in FlGS. 1-3 is much preferred over the form illustrated in FIG. 6 both because of the simplicity of the apparatus of FIG. I and also because the apparatus of FIG. 1 does not involve the problem encountered with the apparatus of FIG.
  • Automatic controls may be employed for the valve 38 in the clear water supply, controlled by pump vacuum for instance, to maintain a balance between high'dredging rate and protection against pipe plugging.
  • Apparatus for removing sediment submerged in water which comprises:
  • D. water supply means for introducing clear water into said conduits at a location between said lateral passageway means and said pump below the water level in said body of water adjacent that part of said lateral passageway means in said dredging conduit which is closest to said connecting conduit with said water supply means having a capacity for introducing water at said location which is greater than percent of the capacity of said pump to pump water through said conduits.
  • said water supply means comprises means for introducing clear water at said location in said conduits in an amount of at least 50 percent of the capacity of said pump.
  • said water supply means comprises means including a valve for introducing clear water at said location in said conduits in an amount which is at least I00 percent of the capacity of said pump when said valve is open.
  • said water supply means comprises a suction pipe extending from said conduits to a location in said body of water above the bottom thereof and below the water level thereof.
  • said water supply means comprises a pipe extending from said conduits at said location, a pump having a discharge opening connected to said pipe and an intake opening communicating with said body of water above the bottom thereof and below the water level thereof.
  • a suction conduit extending from a first location below the water level in said waterway substantially above the bottom of said waterway to said conduits at a second location adjacent to that part of said lateral passageway means which is closest to said upwardly extending conduit.
  • suction conduit extends from said first location to a position above said water level and hence to said second position, and a valve is mounted in said suction conduit above the water level.
  • suction conduit has a diameter at least 50 percent as large as the diameter of said upwardly extending conduit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Barrages (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
US819715A 1969-04-28 1969-04-28 Stationary dredging apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3638432A (en)

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US81971569A 1969-04-28 1969-04-28

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US (1) US3638432A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU1048370A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE749693A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR7018206D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2014212A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2042050A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7002343A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4074535A (en) * 1973-12-21 1978-02-21 Schoonmaker Townsend L Self-cleaning fixed dredge
US4133761A (en) * 1977-04-25 1979-01-09 Posgate Edward S Submerged settler for suspended solids
US4574501A (en) * 1985-01-07 1986-03-11 Sloan Albert H In-place underwater dredging apparatus of the crater sink type
US4600338A (en) * 1982-07-08 1986-07-15 De Ondernemingen S.B.B.M. Mud removal process and apparatus
US4614458A (en) * 1984-06-20 1986-09-30 Austin Stephen B Permanent dredge system
US4759664A (en) * 1980-12-30 1988-07-26 Deal Troy M Method of building or restoring marshes and beaches
US4991997A (en) * 1988-05-13 1991-02-12 Cowper Norman T Method and apparatus for the transport of particulate solids using a submerged fluid induction device
US5061117A (en) * 1990-03-05 1991-10-29 Parks James M Fluidization-assisted beach stabilization
US5094566A (en) * 1990-08-10 1992-03-10 Parks James M Peristaltic fluidization of non-cohesive subsoils
US5149227A (en) * 1990-03-05 1992-09-22 Parks James M Beach stabilization with multiple flow control
JP2002294677A (ja) * 2001-03-30 2002-10-09 Kowa Engineering Kk 静水圧を利用した水中堆積物の流送方法と開口付きパイプ並びに水中堆積物の流送設備
WO2002088472A1 (en) * 2001-05-02 2002-11-07 Tom Jacobsen Method for the removal of sediment from sand traps
US20030189016A1 (en) * 2002-04-04 2003-10-09 Tucker Randall L. Sediment collector with hopper assembly
JP2005016294A (ja) * 2003-06-02 2005-01-20 Tom Jacobsen 堆積物の吸引流送設備
JP2005146603A (ja) * 2003-11-13 2005-06-09 Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The 水力発電所用の揚砂装置
US20090084735A1 (en) * 2005-01-26 2009-04-02 Taplin Steven B Sediment removal apparatus
US20090097920A1 (en) * 2005-04-05 2009-04-16 Tucker Randall L Collector with adjustable input/discharge to control sediment removal
JP2009215877A (ja) * 2003-06-02 2009-09-24 Tom Jacobsen 堆積物の吸引流送設備
JP2010281153A (ja) * 2009-06-05 2010-12-16 Tom Jacobsen 液中堆積物の流送排出設備
CN104032709A (zh) * 2014-06-20 2014-09-10 中建五局第三建设有限公司 城市河道弯道防淤方法
CN105421288A (zh) * 2015-11-20 2016-03-23 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 一种大库盘水库淤滩冲沙结构及其施工方法
CN106522153A (zh) * 2016-12-20 2017-03-22 河南省水利勘测设计研究有限公司 长距标准断面自流渠聚能回旋加速清理泥沙方法
JP2017133170A (ja) * 2016-01-25 2017-08-03 井上　虎男 覆水路を用いた揚砂揚泥装置
US10233602B2 (en) * 2017-02-17 2019-03-19 Kuo-Chang Huang Resevoir dredging assembly
JP2020037864A (ja) * 2016-01-25 2020-03-12 井上　虎男 分割した縦水路の揚泥装置
CN111945813A (zh) * 2020-08-27 2020-11-17 王东丽 一种河道淤泥清理设备
CN112176943A (zh) * 2020-09-16 2021-01-05 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) 利用潮汐能的负压排沙装置及排沙方法
CN113358544A (zh) * 2021-07-01 2021-09-07 西南交通大学 用于隧道稳态渗流场模型试验的浸润线准确测量方法
US20230030676A1 (en) * 2020-01-07 2023-02-02 Kazuaki Akai Method for preventing repeated (tsunami, storm surge, and river) disasters by forces of nature

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2638178B1 (fr) * 1988-10-26 1992-04-24 Services Assainissement Dispositif pour le curage et l'elimination de boues sedimentees au fond d'un plan d'eau

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT44689B (de) * 1908-11-21 1910-10-25 Janesch Und Schnell Fa Vorrichtung zur Abführung von Flußgeschieben u. dgl. bei Wassersammelbecken.
US2436630A (en) * 1946-01-24 1948-02-24 Andrew J Clegg Sediment trap for streams
US3013395A (en) * 1959-07-28 1961-12-19 John A Gaylord River bottom sand accumulation remover
US3111778A (en) * 1961-01-06 1963-11-26 Byron C Fonnesbeck Hydraulic dredge production sustanining control

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT44689B (de) * 1908-11-21 1910-10-25 Janesch Und Schnell Fa Vorrichtung zur Abführung von Flußgeschieben u. dgl. bei Wassersammelbecken.
US2436630A (en) * 1946-01-24 1948-02-24 Andrew J Clegg Sediment trap for streams
US3013395A (en) * 1959-07-28 1961-12-19 John A Gaylord River bottom sand accumulation remover
US3111778A (en) * 1961-01-06 1963-11-26 Byron C Fonnesbeck Hydraulic dredge production sustanining control

Cited By (39)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4074535A (en) * 1973-12-21 1978-02-21 Schoonmaker Townsend L Self-cleaning fixed dredge
US4147450A (en) * 1973-12-21 1979-04-03 Schoonmaker Townsend L Fixed dredge cleanout means
US4133761A (en) * 1977-04-25 1979-01-09 Posgate Edward S Submerged settler for suspended solids
US4759664A (en) * 1980-12-30 1988-07-26 Deal Troy M Method of building or restoring marshes and beaches
US4600338A (en) * 1982-07-08 1986-07-15 De Ondernemingen S.B.B.M. Mud removal process and apparatus
US4614458A (en) * 1984-06-20 1986-09-30 Austin Stephen B Permanent dredge system
US4574501A (en) * 1985-01-07 1986-03-11 Sloan Albert H In-place underwater dredging apparatus of the crater sink type
US4991997A (en) * 1988-05-13 1991-02-12 Cowper Norman T Method and apparatus for the transport of particulate solids using a submerged fluid induction device
US5061117A (en) * 1990-03-05 1991-10-29 Parks James M Fluidization-assisted beach stabilization
US5149227A (en) * 1990-03-05 1992-09-22 Parks James M Beach stabilization with multiple flow control
US5094566A (en) * 1990-08-10 1992-03-10 Parks James M Peristaltic fluidization of non-cohesive subsoils
JP2002294677A (ja) * 2001-03-30 2002-10-09 Kowa Engineering Kk 静水圧を利用した水中堆積物の流送方法と開口付きパイプ並びに水中堆積物の流送設備
WO2002088472A1 (en) * 2001-05-02 2002-11-07 Tom Jacobsen Method for the removal of sediment from sand traps
US20030189016A1 (en) * 2002-04-04 2003-10-09 Tucker Randall L. Sediment collector with hopper assembly
JP2005016294A (ja) * 2003-06-02 2005-01-20 Tom Jacobsen 堆積物の吸引流送設備
JP2009215877A (ja) * 2003-06-02 2009-09-24 Tom Jacobsen 堆積物の吸引流送設備
JP2005146603A (ja) * 2003-11-13 2005-06-09 Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The 水力発電所用の揚砂装置
US7526884B2 (en) 2005-01-26 2009-05-05 Steven B Taplin Sediment removal apparatus
US20090184059A1 (en) * 2005-01-26 2009-07-23 Taplin Steven B Sediment removal apparatus and method for removing sediment from open waterways
US20090084735A1 (en) * 2005-01-26 2009-04-02 Taplin Steven B Sediment removal apparatus
US7676966B2 (en) 2005-01-26 2010-03-16 Taplin Steven B Method for removing sediment from open waterways
US20090097920A1 (en) * 2005-04-05 2009-04-16 Tucker Randall L Collector with adjustable input/discharge to control sediment removal
US7850857B2 (en) * 2005-04-05 2010-12-14 Tucker Randall L Collector with adjustable input/discharge to control sediment removal
JP2010281153A (ja) * 2009-06-05 2010-12-16 Tom Jacobsen 液中堆積物の流送排出設備
CN104032709A (zh) * 2014-06-20 2014-09-10 中建五局第三建设有限公司 城市河道弯道防淤方法
CN104032709B (zh) * 2014-06-20 2015-10-28 中建五局第三建设有限公司 城市河道弯道防淤方法
CN105421288A (zh) * 2015-11-20 2016-03-23 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 一种大库盘水库淤滩冲沙结构及其施工方法
JP2017133170A (ja) * 2016-01-25 2017-08-03 井上　虎男 覆水路を用いた揚砂揚泥装置
JP2020037864A (ja) * 2016-01-25 2020-03-12 井上　虎男 分割した縦水路の揚泥装置
CN106522153A (zh) * 2016-12-20 2017-03-22 河南省水利勘测设计研究有限公司 长距标准断面自流渠聚能回旋加速清理泥沙方法
CN106522153B (zh) * 2016-12-20 2018-05-18 河南省水利勘测设计研究有限公司 长距标准断面自流渠聚能回旋加速清理泥沙方法
US10233602B2 (en) * 2017-02-17 2019-03-19 Kuo-Chang Huang Resevoir dredging assembly
US20230030676A1 (en) * 2020-01-07 2023-02-02 Kazuaki Akai Method for preventing repeated (tsunami, storm surge, and river) disasters by forces of nature
US12188193B2 (en) * 2020-01-07 2025-01-07 Kazuaki Akai Method for preventing repeated (tsunami, storm surge, and river) disasters by forces of nature
CN111945813A (zh) * 2020-08-27 2020-11-17 王东丽 一种河道淤泥清理设备
CN111945813B (zh) * 2020-08-27 2022-10-28 合肥市贵谦信息科技有限公司 一种河道淤泥清理设备
CN112176943A (zh) * 2020-09-16 2021-01-05 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) 利用潮汐能的负压排沙装置及排沙方法
CN113358544A (zh) * 2021-07-01 2021-09-07 西南交通大学 用于隧道稳态渗流场模型试验的浸润线准确测量方法
CN113358544B (zh) * 2021-07-01 2023-04-11 西南交通大学 用于隧道稳态渗流场模型试验的浸润线准确测量方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7002343A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-10-30
DE2014212A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-11-19
FR2042050A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-02-05
AU1048370A (en) 1971-07-22
BE749693A (fr) 1970-10-01
BR7018206D0 (pt) 1973-02-22

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