WO2002088472A1 - Method for the removal of sediment from sand traps - Google Patents

Method for the removal of sediment from sand traps Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002088472A1
WO2002088472A1 PCT/NO2002/000155 NO0200155W WO02088472A1 WO 2002088472 A1 WO2002088472 A1 WO 2002088472A1 NO 0200155 W NO0200155 W NO 0200155W WO 02088472 A1 WO02088472 A1 WO 02088472A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sediment
slotted pipe
ditch
sand trap
pipe
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2002/000155
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Tom Jacobsen
Original Assignee
Tom Jacobsen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tom Jacobsen filed Critical Tom Jacobsen
Priority to JP2002585744A priority Critical patent/JP4412700B2/en
Publication of WO2002088472A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002088472A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/14—Devices for separating liquid or solid substances from sewage, e.g. sand or sludge traps, rakes or grates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/24—Feed or discharge mechanisms for settling tanks
    • B01D21/245—Discharge mechanisms for the sediments
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/02—Stream regulation, e.g. breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow
    • E02B3/023—Removing sediments
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins

Definitions

  • the sediment can be particles like gravel, sand, silt, organic particles or other particles.
  • Water flowing in rivers, canals, tunnels or pipes may carry sediment. If the flow velocity decreases, sediment heavier than water will sink to the bottom and be deposited. This may take place in detention basins, intake basins or sedimentation basins in connection with power plants or irrigation plants, sand traps, in tunnels or tanks or basins in connection with process plants. It is often desirable to empty storage tanks of particulate materials by means of water or air. In the following description all such sediment basins are for simplicity denoted sand traps, independent of their intended purpose.
  • Sediment may cause high wear if permitted to flow with water through the turbine(s) in a power plant. It is a well known fact that turbines in some plants need to be repaired or replaced more than once a year due to such wear from sediment. Furthermore, canals and tunnels may be filled with sediment. Thus sand traps are often arranged in connection with hydroelectric power plants, particularly in areas where the rivers tend to carry large amounts of sediment. Still further, it is commonly desirable in connection with irrigation plants, to be able to separate at least the coarser fraction of particles at the water intake to such plants, so that the irrigation canals do not become clogged or plants sprinkled with arenaceous water.
  • Sediment that deposits in sand traps may range from rocks and gravel to very finegrained particles.
  • a normal criteria for particle sizes to be separated will be from 0.15 to 0.5 mm.
  • a further system known as "Serpent Sediment sluicing system” has been developed by SINTEF, Trondheim.
  • This system is characterized by a longitudinal slot over a flushing channel, temporarily shut by a flexible hose.
  • the hose may be emptied or filled with water, and will, as it floats up or sinks down, respectively open or shut the flushing channel.
  • Disadvantages of this method include the costs of the flexible hose, its vulnerability to extraneous objects and a comparatively complicated operation.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a sand trap where the method according to the invention is implemented
  • Figure 2 is a cross section of the sand trap of Figure 1
  • Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of a sand trap where an alternative embodiment of the method according to the invention is implemented, and
  • Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of a sand trap with still another embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a sand trap 1 with a narrow ditch 2 in the bottom 3.
  • a slotted pipe 4 Arranged in the ditch 2 is a slotted pipe 4 with an outlet 5 at one end and an elevated opposite end 6.
  • a valve 8 close to the outlet may be opened and closed to adjust the operation of the slotted pipe 4.
  • the drawing also shows a supply conduit 12 through which water may be added to the pipe 4 downstream of the sediment, by opening a valve 13 to a greater or lesser degree.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross section of the sand trap shown in Figure 1. Over the narrow ditch 2 is arranged a grating 7 or the like to prevent larger objects, like branches from falling into the narrow ditch.
  • Figure 2 shows two slotted pipes 4, 4' arranged in the ditch 2 one over the other. These pipes may either be used simultaneously to increase the capacity, or the second one may serve as a fallback in case the first one should cease to function.
  • Figure 2 furthermore shows that the bottom 3 of the sand trap slants downwards to the ditch 2, which constitutes a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a slotted pipe 4 with outlets 5, 5' at the ends thereof, so the sand trap may be emptied alternatingly both ways.
  • the slotted pipe is elevated above the upper level of sediment, and it may be closed by valves 1 1, 1 1 '.
  • Figure 4 illustrates several partly separated sand traps with separate slotted pipes. This represents a relevant solution if a sand trap has large dimensions and particularly if it is desired that the sand trap not be made very deep. Furthermore, by utilizing several slotted pipes operational reliability will increase.
  • the design ensures that the slotted pipe will become covered by sediment along its entire length. This is required to obtain hydraulic conditions such that the pipe sucks up sediment along its entire length and not only at distinct points. For the same reason it is convenient to perform the operation at certain intervals.
  • the slotted pipe will typically be operated by opening the valve close to its outlet and possibly by simultaneous operation of one or more pumps (not shown) to increase suction force in the pipe.
  • the dimensions of the ditch may vary within wide limits depending on the area of use and the dimension of the sand trap.
  • a common width can be from 0.25 to 1 metre and the depth typically from 1 to 5 metres.
  • the dimension of the slotted pipe is adapted to the need.
  • the upstream end of the slotted pipe is elevated to a level beyond the level of the sediment. Consequently the existence of a starting point above all deposited sediment is ensured.
  • the outlet pipe may be designed completely smooth which reduces the risk of clogging.
  • One or more pumps may be used to obtain a higher driving force.
  • the pressure difference required to suck sand out from the sand trap is typically 1 - 10 metres.
  • the slotted pipe is suited to transport particles up to a certain size. It is thus not convenient for particles beyond this size to be collected in the ditch. It is therefore preferred to cover the top of the ditch in substantial parts of or all of its length with a grating that holds particles of sizes over a certain limit..
  • the slotted pipe 4 In order to be able to control the sediment concentration within the capacity of the outlet 5, it is convenient to provide the slotted pipe 4 with a water supply 12 at its downstream end. The sediment concentration at the outlet is controlled by the amount of water added.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Barrages (AREA)
  • Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)

Abstract

Method for hydraulic removal of sediment from a sand trap, said sediment constituting particles varying in size from rocks to fine-grain particles, where the sediment is sucked into a substantially horizontally or inclined slotted pipe (4) through at least one slot (9) that extends substantially uninterrupted over a significant part of the length of the slotted pipe (4), from which slotted pipe (4) the sediment is directed out from the sand trap (1) through an outlet (5). The sand trap (1) is provided with a longitudinally extending ditch (2) at its bottom (3), the ditch being substantially more narrow than the sand trap, and the slotted pipe (4) being arranged close to the bottom of the ditch (2). The pressure differential between the sand trap (1) and outlet (5) is normally utilized as the only driving force for the removal of sediment. The amount of sediment to be removed may in addition be controlled by addition of water (12) downstream of the slot (9).

Description

Method for the removal of sediment from sand traps.
Background
In many situations it is desirable to remove under water sediment deposited without having to drain off the overlying water or to lower the water level. The sediment can be particles like gravel, sand, silt, organic particles or other particles. Water flowing in rivers, canals, tunnels or pipes may carry sediment. If the flow velocity decreases, sediment heavier than water will sink to the bottom and be deposited. This may take place in detention basins, intake basins or sedimentation basins in connection with power plants or irrigation plants, sand traps, in tunnels or tanks or basins in connection with process plants. It is often desirable to empty storage tanks of particulate materials by means of water or air. In the following description all such sediment basins are for simplicity denoted sand traps, independent of their intended purpose.
Sediment may cause high wear if permitted to flow with water through the turbine(s) in a power plant. It is a well known fact that turbines in some plants need to be repaired or replaced more than once a year due to such wear from sediment. Furthermore, canals and tunnels may be filled with sediment. Thus sand traps are often arranged in connection with hydroelectric power plants, particularly in areas where the rivers tend to carry large amounts of sediment. Still further, it is commonly desirable in connection with irrigation plants, to be able to separate at least the coarser fraction of particles at the water intake to such plants, so that the irrigation canals do not become clogged or plants sprinkled with arenaceous water.
Sediment that deposits in sand traps may range from rocks and gravel to very finegrained particles. In hydroelectric power plants a normal criteria for particle sizes to be separated, will be from 0.15 to 0.5 mm.
Known techniques for removal of sediment comprise draining and mechanical excavating or flushing by lowering the water level so that the flow velocity over the sediment increases. Both these methods have the disadvantage that the water supply to e.g. a power plant will be interrupted. Production interruptions occur and in addition there are costs in connection with the run-down and the start-up of a power plant. Furthermore the conflict between desired production and removal of sediment will often lead to a deferment of the latter, thereby resulting in increased turbine wear.
Other techniques comprise flushing through holes in the bottom of the sand trap down to a flushing channel. These holes may optionally be provided with closing mechanisms (Bieri patented system). The disadvantage with this system is that it requires motors, power transmission and movable parts, that may be subject to shutdown.
A further system, known as "Serpent Sediment sluicing system" has been developed by SINTEF, Trondheim. This system is characterized by a longitudinal slot over a flushing channel, temporarily shut by a flexible hose. The hose may be emptied or filled with water, and will, as it floats up or sinks down, respectively open or shut the flushing channel. Disadvantages of this method include the costs of the flexible hose, its vulnerability to extraneous objects and a comparatively complicated operation.
It has previously been described that a pipe with a longitudinal and at least partly continuous slot at its underside, is suited for sucking up sediment in such a way that a highest possible sediment concentration is obtained, without risk of sediment blocking the outgoing pipe, hose or channel. Sediment which is sucked up, will be the sediment deposited over the slotted pipe. This slotted pipe was described in Gemini, No 3, Dec. 1994, p 20-21 , published by SINTEF/ NTNU. The disadvantage with this known slotted pipe is that if the layer thickness of sediment over the pipe is low compared to the pipe length, sediment will only be sucked up at one distinct point, not uncovering the entire pipe as desired.
Objectives
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for the removal of sediment from sand traps and other locations where sediment becomes deposited. It is a further object that such sediment may be removed before the sand trap is filled completely with sediment, in a manner such that the water supply need not be suspended and such that the consumption of flushing water is as low as possible.
It is a further object to be able to perform the method according to the invention in a manner that is inexpensive and such that personnel operating the method do not need technical education or lengthy training. It is a still further object to be able to adjust sediment concentration in order to optimize the concentration according to the water level in the sand trap and the nature of the sediment.
It is a further object that the method be reliable and that the need for maintenance be low.
The invention
The objects are achieved by the method according to the invention, which is defined by claim 1.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims.
The invention is described in the following in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a sand trap where the method according to the invention is implemented,
Figure 2 is a cross section of the sand trap of Figure 1, Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of a sand trap where an alternative embodiment of the method according to the invention is implemented, and
Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of a sand trap with still another embodiment of the invention.
Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a sand trap 1 with a narrow ditch 2 in the bottom 3. Arranged in the ditch 2 is a slotted pipe 4 with an outlet 5 at one end and an elevated opposite end 6. A valve 8 close to the outlet may be opened and closed to adjust the operation of the slotted pipe 4. The drawing also shows a supply conduit 12 through which water may be added to the pipe 4 downstream of the sediment, by opening a valve 13 to a greater or lesser degree.
Figure 2 shows a cross section of the sand trap shown in Figure 1. Over the narrow ditch 2 is arranged a grating 7 or the like to prevent larger objects, like branches from falling into the narrow ditch. Figure 2 shows two slotted pipes 4, 4' arranged in the ditch 2 one over the other. These pipes may either be used simultaneously to increase the capacity, or the second one may serve as a fallback in case the first one should cease to function. Figure 2 furthermore shows that the bottom 3 of the sand trap slants downwards to the ditch 2, which constitutes a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Figure 3 shows a slotted pipe 4 with outlets 5, 5' at the ends thereof, so the sand trap may be emptied alternatingly both ways. At each end 6, 6' the slotted pipe is elevated above the upper level of sediment, and it may be closed by valves 1 1, 1 1 '.
Figure 4 illustrates several partly separated sand traps with separate slotted pipes. This represents a relevant solution if a sand trap has large dimensions and particularly if it is desired that the sand trap not be made very deep. Furthermore, by utilizing several slotted pipes operational reliability will increase.
The design ensures that the slotted pipe will become covered by sediment along its entire length. This is required to obtain hydraulic conditions such that the pipe sucks up sediment along its entire length and not only at distinct points. For the same reason it is convenient to perform the operation at certain intervals. The slotted pipe will typically be operated by opening the valve close to its outlet and possibly by simultaneous operation of one or more pumps (not shown) to increase suction force in the pipe.
The dimensions of the ditch may vary within wide limits depending on the area of use and the dimension of the sand trap. A common width can be from 0.25 to 1 metre and the depth typically from 1 to 5 metres. The dimension of the slotted pipe is adapted to the need.
It is preferred that the upstream end of the slotted pipe is elevated to a level beyond the level of the sediment. Consequently the existence of a starting point above all deposited sediment is ensured.
It will often be convenient to utilize the height difference between the water level in the sand trap and the outlet 5 as a driving force for the suction of sediment into and through the slotted pipe 4. By utilizing this height- or pressure differential the operational reliability will increase as the operation may continue even if the supply of electric power is disrupted. In addition the outlet pipe may be designed completely smooth which reduces the risk of clogging. One or more pumps may be used to obtain a higher driving force. The pressure difference required to suck sand out from the sand trap is typically 1 - 10 metres.
The slotted pipe is suited to transport particles up to a certain size. It is thus not convenient for particles beyond this size to be collected in the ditch. It is therefore preferred to cover the top of the ditch in substantial parts of or all of its length with a grating that holds particles of sizes over a certain limit..
To obtain protection against failure of the system, it is convenient to arrange two or more slotted pipes in one and the same ditch. Should one of the pipes become clogged operation may continue by means of another slotted pipe. In a situation where it is required, more than one pipe may be operated simultaneously to increase the capacity, e.g. during flooding or other extreme situations.
In order to be able to control the sediment concentration within the capacity of the outlet 5, it is convenient to provide the slotted pipe 4 with a water supply 12 at its downstream end. The sediment concentration at the outlet is controlled by the amount of water added.
While normally all sediment will be led in one direction only, there may also be situations where it is convenient to lead the sediment in alternating directions of the slotted pipe. To obtain such functionality a system as depicted in Figure 3 must be established, where both ends of the slotted pipe are connected to elevated pipe sections 6' and 6 respectively, and a lowered outlet 5 and 5' respectively. By means of valves and in cooperation with an appropriate "driving source", the direction of the sediment suction is determined.
While the description above refers to sand traps, which represents the most common situation, it is understood that the invention may also be utilized where the surrounding fluid is not water, but e.g. oil or gas.

Claims

Claims
1. Method for hydraulic removal of sediment from a sand trap, said sediment constituting particles varying in size from rocks to fine-grain particles, where sediment is sucked into a substantially horizontally or inclined slotted pipe (4) through at least one slot (9) that extends substantially uninterrupted over a significant part of the length of the slotted pipe (4), from which slotted pipe (4) sediment is directed out from the sand trap (1) through an outlet (5), characterized in that the sand trap (1) at its bottom (3) is provided with a longitudinally extending ditch (2) that is substantially more narrow than the sand trap, and that the slotted pipe (4) is arranged close to the bottom of the ditch (2).
2. Method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the pressure differential between sand trap (1) and outlet (5) is utilized as driving force for the suction of sediment, and that the starting point and duration of the suction is controlled with a valve (8) close to the outlet(5).
3. Method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the driving force is at least partially provided. by one or more pumps.
4. Method as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the bottom (3) of the sand trap (1) in its transverse direction slants downwardly toward the ditch.
5. Method as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that suction of sediment through the slotted pipe (4) starts subsequent to the slotted pipe (4) becoming well covered by sediment.
6. Method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the amount of sediment sucked up is controlled by addition of water (12) downstream of the slot.
7. Method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the end (6) of the slotted pipe (4) opposite to the outlet (5) is elevated so that it is higher than the deposited sediment.
8. Method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a grating (7) is arranged over the narrow ditch (2) in order to prevent objects of undesired size to collect in the ditch (2).
9. Method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that more than one slotted pipe is arranged one over an other and/ or side by side close to the bottom of the ditch.
10. Method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the slotted pipe (4) has outlets (5, 5' respectively) at both ends and at both ends is connected to pipe ends (6', 6 respectively), arranged with their upper ends at all times above the sediment, having a slot (9) at least partially along the bottom and being closable by means of valves (11, 11 ' respectively) or the like.
1 1. Method as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the slotted pipe (4) is arranged in several at least partially separate sand traps (1, 1 ') that are arranged in series or in parallel to each other.
PCT/NO2002/000155 2001-05-02 2002-04-24 Method for the removal of sediment from sand traps WO2002088472A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2002585744A JP4412700B2 (en) 2001-05-02 2002-04-24 How to remove sediment from sand traps

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20012153 2001-05-02
NO20012153A NO316628B1 (en) 2001-05-02 2001-05-02 Method and apparatus for hydraulically removing sediment from sand traps

Publications (1)

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WO2002088472A1 true WO2002088472A1 (en) 2002-11-07

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JP (1) JP4412700B2 (en)
CN (1) CN100464027C (en)
NO (1) NO316628B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002088472A1 (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005016294A (en) * 2003-06-02 2005-01-20 Tom Jacobsen Suction flowing facility for deposit
JP2009215877A (en) * 2003-06-02 2009-09-24 Tom Jacobsen Sucking and running-down facility for deposit
WO2012070945A1 (en) * 2010-11-25 2012-05-31 Jarala As System and method for removing sediment from sand traps
CN104762922A (en) * 2015-03-05 2015-07-08 四川大学 Water-force-based method for treating debris flow by removing sediment source
JP2015217349A (en) * 2014-05-19 2015-12-07 前澤工業株式会社 Screen residue transfer equipment and method
CN105369769A (en) * 2015-12-09 2016-03-02 西华大学 Sediment removal system and method for preventing sediment accumulation at canal bed of canal and
CN106192874A (en) * 2016-08-15 2016-12-07 戴罗明 Husky dredging method is disturbed in water transfer
FR3119850A1 (en) 2021-02-14 2022-08-19 Biesse Philippe Compact bedload trap.

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005016294A (en) * 2003-06-02 2005-01-20 Tom Jacobsen Suction flowing facility for deposit
JP2009215877A (en) * 2003-06-02 2009-09-24 Tom Jacobsen Sucking and running-down facility for deposit
JP4675061B2 (en) * 2003-06-02 2011-04-20 ヤコブセン トム Sediment flow transfer equipment
WO2012070945A1 (en) * 2010-11-25 2012-05-31 Jarala As System and method for removing sediment from sand traps
JP2015217349A (en) * 2014-05-19 2015-12-07 前澤工業株式会社 Screen residue transfer equipment and method
CN104762922A (en) * 2015-03-05 2015-07-08 四川大学 Water-force-based method for treating debris flow by removing sediment source
CN104762922B (en) * 2015-03-05 2016-08-17 四川大学 A kind of Controlling Debris Flow method based on waterpower purge source
CN105369769A (en) * 2015-12-09 2016-03-02 西华大学 Sediment removal system and method for preventing sediment accumulation at canal bed of canal and
CN106192874A (en) * 2016-08-15 2016-12-07 戴罗明 Husky dredging method is disturbed in water transfer
FR3119850A1 (en) 2021-02-14 2022-08-19 Biesse Philippe Compact bedload trap.

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Publication number Publication date
CN100464027C (en) 2009-02-25
JP4412700B2 (en) 2010-02-10
NO20012153D0 (en) 2001-05-02
JP2004524467A (en) 2004-08-12
NO316628B1 (en) 2004-03-15
CN1505722A (en) 2004-06-16
NO20012153L (en) 2002-11-04

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