US3460336A - Composite yarn structures and method of preparing same - Google Patents

Composite yarn structures and method of preparing same Download PDF

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US3460336A
US3460336A US628371A US3460336DA US3460336A US 3460336 A US3460336 A US 3460336A US 628371 A US628371 A US 628371A US 3460336D A US3460336D A US 3460336DA US 3460336 A US3460336 A US 3460336A
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filaments
yarn
colored
dark
design
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George H Collingwood
Harry J Demas
George F Bryant
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Allied Corp
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Allied Chemical Corp
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/20—Combinations of two or more of the above-mentioned operations or devices; After-treatments for fixing crimp or curl
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/34—Yarns or threads having slubs, knops, spirals, loops, tufts, or other irregular or decorative effects, i.e. effect yarns
    • D02G3/346—Yarns or threads having slubs, knops, spirals, loops, tufts, or other irregular or decorative effects, i.e. effect yarns with coloured effects, i.e. by differential dyeing process
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S57/00—Textiles: spinning, twisting, and twining
    • Y10S57/908—Jet interlaced or intermingled

Definitions

  • This invention is directed to a process for preparing novel, texturized composite-yarn structures and the colored fabrics attained therefrom which comprises forming homogeneous structures by simultaneously crimping at least two filaments of light and dark contrasting colors or colorability and subjecting the composited structures to mechanical operations including twisting, entangling or twisting and entangling, in any order.
  • the contrasting colored or colorable filaments include the synthetic filaments having a color contrast of at least six Gardner units.
  • the colored fabrics prepared from the textured composite-yarn structures may be characterized as having the dark contrasting filaments composited in the yarn to impart to the total fabric a random, three-dimensional effect.
  • the dark contrasting filaments are composited in the yarn in a manner such that the fabric has a visual color effect substantially greater than the color that would normally be seen by the actual amount of the dark filaments present in the fabric.
  • This invention is directed to a process for preparing texturized, composite-yarn structures and to the variety of colored yarns and fabrics attained therefrom. More specifically, this invention is directed to a process for preparing novel yarn structures comprising at least two filaments of contrasting colors or colorability to be used in the preparation of colored fabrics characterized as having a random, three-dimensional design effect.
  • the present technology includes, for example, the preparation of these yarns by utilizing jets, e.g., either the loop or whorl-type methods, stuffer box crimpers, false twist methods, high-twist levels, e.g., raise twist and jet combinations, and finally, yarns prepared by a variety of twist methods whereby a non-random color effect may be obtained.
  • jets e.g., either the loop or whorl-type methods, stuffer box crimpers, false twist methods, high-twist levels, e.g., raise twist and jet combinations
  • this invention provides means of preparing composited yarn structures useful for the production of fabrics having a variety of designs at substantially lower costs and by comparatively simple procedures.
  • a single strand or yarn may be circular knit to obtain a wide variety of designs depending upon the twist and/or entanglement level previously inserted.
  • this invention relates to a process of preparing texturized, composite-yarn structures and to a variety of colored fabrics to be obtained therefrom.
  • These yarn structures may be prepared by crimping simultaneously at least two synthetic filaments of light and dark contrasting colors or colorability to a crimp level of 6 to 30 crimps per inch, and more preferably to a crimp level of 9 to 16 crirnps per inch.
  • the composited, homogeneous, crimped yarn structures are subjected to a mechanical operation selected from the group consisting of (l) twisting to a level of 0.01 to 3 turns per inch, (2) entangling to a level of 0.01 to 100 entanglements per meter, or (3) as an alternative, twisting and entangling said yarn structures to the levels indicated.
  • a mechanical operation selected from the group consisting of (l) twisting to a level of 0.01 to 3 turns per inch, (2) entangling to a level of 0.01 to 100 entanglements per meter, or (3) as an alternative, twisting and entangling said yarn structures to the levels indicated.
  • the filaments comprising the yarn structures have at least two filaments, i.e., various synthetic filaments, wherein the color contrast between them is at least six Gardner units and more preferably, at least twelve Gardner units.
  • the composited-yarn structures of this invention may be further characterized as comprising 0.5 to 49 parts by weight and more preferably, 0.5 to 30 parts by weight of at least one of the dark, contrasting colored or colorable filaments and 51 to 99.5 parts by weight, and more preferably, 70, 99.5 parts by weight of at least one of the lighter colored or colorable filaments with the color contrast between the filaments being at least six Gardner units.
  • the dark contrasting colored or colorable filaments include filaments which are dark red, brown, blue, green, black, purple, grey, but preferably, the black, brown, blue and purple filaments.
  • the light contrasting colored or colorable filaments include, for example, filaments of white, yellow, orange, light-red, light-grey, lightgreen, light-blue, lightviolet, and more preferably, the lighter yellows, greens, oranges and whites.
  • the dark contrasting colored or colorable filaments may be further defined as having a Munsell lightness value of 06 units and a Munsell chroma value of 0-13 with a contrast of at least six Gardner units.
  • the dark contrasting colored or colorable filaments may be characterized as having a Munsell value of 0.5 to 3.5 and a Munsell chroma value of 0-5 with a contrast between the light and dark filaments being preferably of at least twelve Gardner units.
  • the lighter colored or colorable filaments may be further characterized as having a Munsell lightness value of 6-10 and a chroma value of 0-11. More preferably, the lighter colored filaments may have a Munsell color value of 7-10 and a Munsell chroma value of 0-8 with the greys and whites having a maximum chroma value ranging from 0-2.
  • Black 3k 0-2 o-1 a a Dark grey. (*2 0-1 6 15 Light; contrasting colors: GY G G Light green 2.5-1o?? ""I 3.135? 9-14 Green yellow 36?? 0-11 8YR-9B- SYR-3G. Yellow 840 0-11 Yellow Tii'ifis i fi 'ii'iii i fii'f 1 -8 10 Light red 1 J Non-Munsell color:
  • the contrast of the colored filaments were determined on the Gardner Model C-4. This colorimeter gave color notations in terms of R A and B.
  • R is lightness or darkness on the grey scale wherein 100 is white and O is black.
  • the value A can be positive or negative wherein the positive values indicate redness and the negative values indicate greenness.
  • the value B is positive and negative. Positive B values denote yellowness, whereas negative B values denote a blueness.
  • the control system for the blues and yellows are the B values
  • the control system for the greens are the A values
  • the control system for the whites, blacks and greys are the R, values. Where positive and negative values are simultaneously present such as red and green, the R is the preferred scale for color contrast values.
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a specific embodiment of preparing the texturized, composite-yarn structures in accordance with this invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is an alternative schematic diagram illustrating a specific embodiment of preparing the texturized composite-yarn structures in accordance with this invention.
  • the filaments are passed to a crimper 3 wherein the light and dark contrasting filaments are homogeneously composited into a uniform structure by simultaneously crimping the filaments to a crimp level of 6 to 30 crimps per inch.
  • the composited homogeneous yarn structure 6 passes to a twister 7 and/or an entanglement device 8 wherein the composited-yarn structure is either twisted to a level of 0.01 to 3 turns per inch, entangled to a level of 0.01 to 100 entanglements per meter, or twisted and entangled, in any order, to the levels indicated.
  • the texturized, composited-yarn structures 9 are then carried or taken-up on a traverse winder 10 as a finished package.
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates another specific embodiment of this invention wherein at least one dark colored or colorable filament 11 is drawn on a draw roll 12 while a lighter colored or colorable filament 14 is drawn on a draw roll 15 to draw ratios of 3 to 6, as desired, prior to being subjected to a mechanical operation.
  • the light and dark contrasting colored or colorable filaments are passed from the draw rolls or packages 12 and 15 to a twisting device 13 and/ or an entangling device 17, in any order, wherein the colored or colorable filaments are subjected to either a twist level of 0.01 to 3 turns per inch, an entanglement level of 0.01 to 100 entanglements per meter, or in the alternative, a combination of twisting and entangling to the levels indicated.
  • the combined yarn 18 is withdrawn from the mechanical devices and passed to a crimper 19 wherein the yarn is subjected to a crimp, e.g., saw-tooth crimp, to a level of 6 to 30 crimps per inch.
  • a crimp e.g., saw-tooth crimp
  • the composited, homogeneous yarn structure 20 is then taken-up on a traverse winder 21 as a finish package.
  • FIGURE 2 subjects the filaments to the mechanical devices before crimping.
  • the preferred embodiments illustrate the preparation of the texturized composite-yam structures by utilizing draw rolls, it is to be understood that drawing of the filaments prior ot subjecting them to the mechanical devices and crimper is not essential and if desired, may be eliminated.
  • the dark and light contrasting filaments may be passed directly from packages to the crimper and the other mechanical operations, in any order.
  • the preferred embodiments indicate that the contrasting filaments may be twisted, entangled, or in the alternative, twisted and entangled in any order, the least preferred is the latter, in that it contributes the least to the ultimate design.
  • additives may include, for example, electrical conductors, flame-retarding agents, wrinkle-resistant agents, improved hand, improved drape, novel lustre, a higher modulus or stiffness, a reduced soiling tendency, improved bulk, improved heat and weather stability, etc.
  • the various color combinations which may be employed for purposes of this invention include the different colored yarns such as, for example, dope-dyed, skeindyed, finished dyed, and the like.
  • the particular filaments having contrasting color or colorability to be used in the process include, for example, nylons, e.g., polycaproamide, polyesters, e.g., polyethylene terephthalate, polyblend filaments comprising blends of the polyesters and nylons, polyolefins, i.e., polypropylene, polyacrylic filaments, and various other known synthetic or man-made fibers such as rayon, rayon acetate, polynosics and the like.
  • continuous filaments of contrasting color or colorability are texturized into composite structures by crimping to levels of 9-16 crimps per inch, twisting to levels of 0.01 to 1.0 turns per inch, or alternatively, entangling to levels of 0.01 to 50 entanglements per meter.
  • the yarn structures preferably consist essentially of 1 to 30 parts by weight of at least one filament of dark contrasting color or colorability and 99 to 70 parts by weight of at least one lighter colored or colorable filament.
  • the contrasting filaments are simultaneously combined by crimping, e.g., by mechanical means or fluid-jet means, such that the contrasting filaments are structurally commingled but nevertheless retain their distinct contrast in color.
  • An example of a method which may be employed for producing the colored or colorable filaments comprises the steps of continuously spinning in one spinnerette the colored or colorable filament while simultaneously spinning the lighter filaments in the separate spinnerette, follower by drawing, if desired, and then combining at least two ends in a suitable jet or mechanical crimper.
  • the colored or colorable filaments may be separately obtained from spinnerettes followed by drawing and then simultaneously combining the ends in a suitable crimping device.
  • the colored or colorable filaments may be commingled by spinning a dope-dyed product, for example, in a separate plant and combining the drawn filament simultaneously in a crimping device with a different colored or colorable filament which is being spun-drawn.
  • Nylon 6 is particularly preferred primarily because of the lower temperature at which it may be melt-spun to allow the incorporation of heat-sensitive pigment, etc., to the polymer.
  • filaments of nylon having an amine-end group differential of at least 18 amine groups may be used to achieve the degree of contrast required due to the difference in susceptibility of this particular filament to dyes.
  • the yarns may be further blended with synthetic and/ or natural fibers, such as wool or cotton, in the preparation of the end fabric.
  • synthetic and/ or natural fibers such as wool or cotton
  • the degree of contrast between the colored or colorable filaments be maintained at least 6, and preferably 12, Gardner units; otherwise, the desired effect of pattern definition, design differential, three-dimensional color effects, etc., will not be obtained.
  • the design obtained will be essentially non-distinguishable. Consequently, it is essential to maintain the required contrast between the colored filaments and to provide the critical level of crimping to achieve the needed coherency. While it is not preferred to use a combination of entanglement and twist, it is possible, however, to use this combination, particularly at the lower levels, to obtain entirely different designs. This is possible in preparing tweeds wherein upon employing both an entanglement and twist, a design is obtained which is different from that which would be obtained by employing either one of the two.
  • an entangled yarn product is obtained by simultaneously treating a light, colored drawn 230/ 32/0 Nylon 6 yarn and a darker contrasting drawn 70/32/0 Nylon yarn; said yarns having different propensities to ward shrinking and dyeing.
  • the specific apparatus employed had the following dimensions:
  • the chamber member and the yarn guides are fabricated of AlSiMag ceramic material above identified.
  • the yarns follow a Z-shaped path in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle, each yarn passing through the uppermost guide in the same 135 angle and the yarns being withdrawn through the lower guide at a 135 angle to the line between the guides.
  • a constant speed driven takeup roll and up stream tension control means By means of a constant speed driven takeup roll and up stream tension control means, the tension on the partially drawn yarn is maintained uniformly at 5.0 grams and the tension of the fully drawn yarn is maintained uniformly at 7.0 grams.
  • the rate of yarn throughput for both yarns is 500 yd./min. Air at a pressure of p.s.i.g. is employed as the entangling medium.
  • the entangled yarn obtained has a coherency factor of 312 and an outlier fraction of 0.038.
  • the yarns to be entangled by the above-described process may include, for example, the nylons such as poly- (epsilon caproamide), poly(hexamethyleneadipamide), viscose rayon, cellulose esters, i.e., cellulose acetate, linear polyesters, e.g., polyesters of terephthalic acid or isophthalic acid, and a lower glycol, e.g., polyethylene terephthalate, polyalkylenes, e.g., polypropylene, polyacrylics, e.g., polyacrylonitrile, as well as the copolymers of acrylonitrile.
  • the nylons such as poly- (epsilon caproamide), poly(hexamethyleneadipamide), viscose rayon, cellulose esters, i.e., cellulose acetate, linear polyesters, e.g., polyesters of terephthalic acid or isophthalic acid, and a lower glycol, e
  • This entangling device may be employed, in series, with one or more other conventional textile operations including spinning, drawing, winding, plying, packaging, repackaging, crimping, twisting, etc.
  • the yarns which are particularly suitable for entanglement in this gas jet apparatus include yarns having deniers ranging from about 10 to 4,000 denier with individual filament deniers ranging from about 0.5 to 16 denier.
  • the commingling jet apparatus may be used, which is particularly set forth in copending application Ser. No. 535,480, filed on Mar. 18, 1966.
  • the apparatus was employed to entangle untwisted 3600 denier, 210 filament nylon yarns having a zig-zag stutterbox crimp, a packaged crimp index of 8.5% and a relaxed crimp index of 23.5%.
  • the specific apparatus employed had the following characteristics:
  • the cylindrical air passageway was constructed to be slightly off center within the cylindrical walls of tube and this tube was adjusted by twisting it to achieve smooth operation forming yarn with alternating zones of cornmingling and no commingling.
  • a deviation of as much as 6 mils in the position of the central axis of air passageway away from the plane which is parallel to said axis and also contains the central axis of yarn passage was found to make the yarn twist off the feed rolls, and failed to give the yarn product of the invention having alternating sites of commingling and no commingling; and even 3 mils deviation caused the device to run less smoothly.
  • HOOK DROP TEST Meter lengths of yarn to be tested are clamped at the upper end and allowed to hang in the vertical position under the tension provided by a weight in grams which is 0.20 times the yarn denier (but not greater than 100 grams), inserting through the yarn bundle approximately midway within a region of no apparent commingling a weighted hook having a total weight in grams numerically equal to the mean denier per filament of the yarn (but not weighing more than grams), and lowering the hook at a rate of one to two centimeters per second until the weight of the hook .is supported by the yarn. The distance of hook travel is measured.
  • the method of texturizing or crimping the yarns in accordance with this invention may include the stuffer box methods, as particularly described in US. Patents Nos. 3,037,260 and 3,031,734.
  • Other crimping methods may include the jet process, as particularly described in US. Patent No. 3,005,251, and the belt or gear crimping devices as shown in US. Patent No. 2,751,661.
  • Other apparatuses including the stuffer box crimper which may be used to produce the saw-tooth, three-dimensional crimp are described in US. Patents Nos. 2,862,729 and 2,933,- 771.
  • a 2400-denier, 75-filament drawn yarn in the form of a strand spun from polycaproamide polymer of formic acid, relative viscosity 52 (A.S.T.M.
  • the spent steam escaped to the rear through vent holes and provided a blanket of heat around the pre-heater tube.
  • the temperature of the yarn was found to drop by about 20 to 30 C. as it moved in a compacted mass to the end of the texturizing chamber.
  • the textured yarn was pulled over several tension bars and Wound on a package.
  • the crimp definition of the crimped yarn was. Crimp elongation before boil 10%, crimp elongation after boil 25% and the free shrinkage was 3.0%.
  • the yarn received a uniform crimp having 14 crimps per inch controlled withing :2.0 crimps per inch. Still other methods which may be employed for producing the crimp in accordance with this invention are more specifically described in copending application Ser. No. 570,918, filed on Aug. 8, 1966, and Ser. No. 603,912, filed on Dec. 22, 1966.
  • Example 1 the double knit fabrics have designs, with the same concentration of black yarn, substantially different from each other with as little as 0.07 turn per inch.
  • Examples 3 and 4 were dramatically different from each other in that Example 4 showed very short stripes in a plane parallel with the knit direction, whereas Example 3 showed non-regularity of stripes with the stripes moving both in a parallel and in a vertical direction to produce a novel marl effect.
  • Example 5 is a control wherein two separate ends were knitted as one in a fabric. This fabric was characterized by a long, irregular, unattractive stripe with no aesthetic appeal.
  • Example 6 illustrates a three-colored jersey knit fabric wherein the design spacings are in the direction of the stitch, similar to Example 1, except for a narrower zigzag design. This fabric gave an optical color transition less smooth than the double knits.
  • Example 7 is a composite yarn having 30 entanglements per meter which was crimped and double knitted to give an excellent heather fabric with smooth transition between color zones. Here, there was no distinct white or black areas and the fabric had the appearance of a mixture of light and dark grey.
  • Example 8 is a three-color combination of white, black and red overdyed with green, wherein the spacings are similar to Example 1, in geometric design, except that the stitch spacings are slightly reduced lengthwise and substantially reduced 90 to the stitch plane.
  • Example 9 is a three-color blend combination also as in Example 8, except that it has a twist of 0.5 turn per inch. This gave the fabric a marl design.
  • Example 10 is a double knit, three-color combination, having 2 /2 turns per inch and illustrates a complete salt and pepper effect.
  • Example 11 is a tricot knit of two colors, i.e., black and white, top bar, white in bottom bar, and then overdyed blue. This fabric has a very attractive marl effect with the pattern more random and with less transition for color contrast in the fabric structure. The length of the contrasting color pattern is of that of the control and about 66% of Example 13 without a lower bar knit.
  • Example 12 is a tricot knit of three colors, i.e., black, white and a brownish-red on the top bar and a bottom bar of white.
  • Example 13 is a two-color combination tricot knit, about one-half the distance between the contrast area as that in Example 1.
  • Example 14 is a woven fabric, twocolor nylon composite yarn in the filling and cotton in the Warp. This fabric has strong contrasting colors, a random, distinct and pleasing design.
  • Example 15 is a woven fabric, two-color combination in the filling and a continuous filament nylon warp. This fabric is a richer, brighter fabric than the fabrics with cotton in the warp and is an illustration of the novel effect due to the change in the fabric design.
  • Examples 16, 17 and 18 demonstrate one of the novel aspects of this invention in that while there was a substantial decrease in the amount of the costly dope-dyed component, there was only a minor change in the average geometric dimensions of the random design in the direction of the stitch. There was, however, a little change in the actual character of the designs. Thus, as the concentration was decreased, the shading of the white zones by the dyed zones was less apparent. It has been found that there was an area of maximum contrast, with each manufacturing method, at optimum concentrations of the dark components. The design may be altered further by changing the twist level. A still further softening of contrast may be obtained by decreasing the concentration of the dark component.
  • Examples 19 and 20 illustrate fabrics obtained from yarns crimped through a jet-texturizing device which resulted in a saw-tooth type crimp. It was unexpected to find, for example, that with concentrations as low as 1.5% of a black yarn in the fabric, the same geometric design could be obtained in comparison with a fabric with 49% of of the black TABLE III lllillimeters Percent; Distance Example White Vertical for N 0. Component the Light Areas Thus, it should be noted from the data in the tables that at all twist levels, the double knit fabrics are entirely reversible. In the three-color combinations, the double knit fabrics also show a remarkable change in design at the various twist levels.
  • These fabrics are highly useful for shirting, hosiery, dress goods, leotards, etc.
  • the tricot knit fabrics exhibit less design contrast and a more uniform phasing of the design from one contrast level to the other.
  • the stripes or design size is midway between the jersey knit and the double knit fabrics.
  • the tricot (Examples 11, 12 and 13) and the double knit fabrics (Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9 and 10) have substantial utility for lingerie, blouses, sweaters, etc.
  • a novel design change was observed also on the reverse side with a reduced contrast.
  • These fabrics are fully reversible.
  • the circular knit rib fabrics as illustrated by Examples 19 and 20, show strong, bold contrast with zigzag designs of comparatively narrow bands. These knitted fabrics do not demonstrate, however, a good quality reversible design.
  • one side may have a modified double plain weave of one color design and a standard double weave on the other side with a different colored design.
  • the composite yarns of this invention achieve their maximum utility since it is possible to use the more expensive components in low concentrations and still obtain the effect as if they were present at the higher concentrations.
  • the same general trend may be obtained with each twist level and with each entanglement level.
  • This same general trend is obtained as the design changes with the different methods of manufacture.
  • the ditference of the dark colored design in a direction 90 from the stitch is changed substantially more than in the design in the direction of the stitch.
  • maximum effectiveness for multi-colored combinations is obtained where the dark colored contrasting components are used in relatively small amounts, since the design is changed primarily in a direction opposite to the stitch direction, and, therefore, larger amounts of the more expensive color components are not very effective optically in changing the design.
  • the yarns may contain various additives which impart particular properties to the finished fabric.
  • the additives are incorporated into the dark contrasting filaments and since they are the more expensive components, they are used in lesser amounts in the total composite-yarn structure.
  • These additives may be incorporated into the filaments either by adding the ingredients to the polymer prior to spinning or by after-treatment of the yarn and include, for example, flame-retardants, e.g., antimony, phosphorus and halogen compounds; delustrants, e.g., titanium dioxide; antistatic agents; adhesion promoting agents, i.e., isocyanates and epoxides; heat and light stabilizers, e.g., inorganic reducing ions, such as manganese, copper, tin, etc.
  • flame-retardants e.g., antimony, phosphorus and halogen compounds
  • delustrants e.g., titanium dioxide
  • adhesion promoting agents i.e., iso
  • additives include the amines, fluorescent agents and brighteners, crosslinking agents, bacteriostats, e.g., phenols and quaternary amines, etc.
  • bacteriostats e.g., phenols and quaternary amines, etc.
  • the different dyeing processes which may be used for purposes of this invention to obtain the colored or colorable yarns include, for example, dope-dyed, skein-dyed,
  • Continuous filaments of various combinations which are separately colorable include, for example, nylon, nylon-polyester, nylon and nylon-polyester blends, nylon-polypropylene, nylon-acrylic, and a variety of other known combinations.
  • the design of the fabrics may be altered by subjecting the filaments to mechanical operations, prior to compositing them in a crimper.
  • the mechanical operations may include ring and traveler twisting, falsetwi sting, jet-twisting, entanglement by sonic jet, standard jet entanglement, commingling jet entanglement, needling entanglement, hydraulic jet entanglement, etc.
  • the texturizing operation for compositing the filaments may include stulfer box crimping, jet crimping, i.e., to produce a saw-tooth, three-dimensional crimp, gear crimping, edge crimping, thermal-shock crimping, a combination of chemical and jet crimping, etc.
  • Various fabrics and other textile articles may be manufactured from the composite-yarn structures of this invention by utilizing well-known methods including, for example, circular knit, e.g., double-knit, jersey knit, Jacquard-type knit, etc.
  • warp knitting e.g., tricot knits, Milanese, simplex, raschel, Jacquard, etc., may be employed.
  • woven goods may be prepared from the composite structures and include the three basic weaves, i.e., plain weave, twill weave and satin weave.
  • Other type weaves which may be considered as plain twill or satintype include, for example, the Bedford cord, the birds-eye weave, the waffle weave, the swivel weave, double cloth weave, pile weave, etc.
  • the yarns and fabrics obtained in accordance with this invention may be dyed and finished by utilizing conventional methods.
  • the fabric obtained therefrom may be scoured and finished so that there is a contrast between the dopedyed yarn and the natural color of the other yarns.
  • the scoured fabric may be overdyed in a single dye bath to reduce the yarn to a lower shade level in comparison to the dope-dyed product.
  • Space-dyeing techniques may be used also to achieve a novel and bulkier design interposed over the three-dimensional designs of this invention so as to add massiveness to the design.
  • over-printing may be utilized as a means of superimposing additional design variations.
  • the design may be further modified by calendering, beetling, flocking, corduroying, etc.
  • a process of preparing texturized, composite yarn structures which comprises forming homogeneous, composite structures from at least two crimped continuous synthetic filaments of light and dark contrasting colors or colorability having a crimp level of 6-30 crimps per inch and subsequently subjecting the composited structures to an entangling operation to impart a level of 0.01 to entanglements per meter; said contrasted colored or colorable filaments having a color contrast of at least six Gardner units; said composited yarn-structure comprising 0.5 to 49 parts by weight of at least one dark contrasting color or colorable filament and 51 to 99.5 parts by weight of at least one lighter colored or colorable filament.
  • homogeneous composite structures are formed by simultaneously crimping a plurality of filaments of light and dark contrasting colors or colorability and subsequently twisting said structure to a level of 0.01 to 3 turns per inch.
  • nylon filaments comprise polycaproamide.
  • a process for preparing texturized composite-yarn structures which comprises combining at least two continuous synthetic filaments of light and dark contrasting colors or colorability by subjecting said filaments to (1) twisting to a level of 0.01 to 3 turns per inch, (2) entangling to a level of 0.01 to 100 entanglements per meter, and (3) crimping the combined filaments to obtain a homogeneous composite structure to a crimp level of 6-30 crimps per inch; said colored or colorable filaments having a color contrast of at least six Gardner units, said composite-yarn structures comprising 0.5 to 49 parts by weight of at least one dark contrasting colored or colorable filament and 51 to 99.5 parts by weight of at least one lighter colored or colorable filament.
  • a process for preparing texturized, composite-yarn structures which comprises forming composited, homogeneous structures by simultaneously crimping at least two synthetic filaments of contrasting colors or colorability wherein the filaments have a color contrast of at least six Gardner units and are crimped to a level of 6 to 30 crimps per inch; subsequently subjecting the filaments to entangling to a level of 1.0 to 100 entanglements per meter and twisting to a level of 0.1 to 3 turns per inch, said composited yarn structures comprising 0.5 to 30 parts by weight of at least one dark, contrasting colored or colorable filament and 70 to 99.5 parts by weight of at least one lighter colored or colorable filament.
  • a texturized composite-yarn structure having an entanglement level of 1 to 100 entanglements per meter and a crimp level of 6-30 crimps per inch; said structure comprising 0.5 to 49 parts by weight of at least one dark contrasting, colored or colorable synthetic filament and 51 to 99.5 parts by weight of at least one lighter colored or colorable synthetic filament; said filaments having a color contrast of at least six Gardner units.
  • a colored fabric prepared from the textured, composite-yarn structures of claim 11 further characterized as having the dark, contrasting colored filaments homogeneously composited in the yarn to impart to the fabric a random, three-dimensional effect.
  • the colored fabric of claim 12 further characterized in that said fabric comprises natural filaments.
  • the colored fabric of claim 13 further characterized in that said natural filaments are selected from the group consisting of wool and cotton.
  • the texturized composite-yarn structure of claim 11 further characterized in that the dark contrasting colored or colorable filaments comprise nylon filaments and the lighter filaments are selected from the group consisting of polycaproamide, polyesters, polyacrylics, and polypropylene.
  • the texturized composite-yarn structure of claim 15 further characterized in that the dark contrasting colored or colorable filaments comprise nylon filaments and the lighter filaments comprise polypropylene.
  • the texturized composite-yarn structure of claim 15 further characterized in that the dark contrasting colored or colorable filaments comprise nylon and the lighter colored or colorable filaments comprise polyesters.
  • the texturized composite-yarn structure of claim 11 further characterized in that the dark contrasting colored or colorable filaments contain effective amounts of additives to improve the ultimate properties of the yarn structures and the fabrics prepared therefrom.
  • the texturized composite-yarn structure of claim 18 further characterized in that the dark contrasting colored or colorable filaments containing the additives are polycaproamide and the lighter colored or colorable filaments are selected from the group consisting of nylons, polyesters, polyacrylics, and polypropylene.
  • the composite-yarn structure of claim 19 further characterized in that the lighter colored or colorable filaments are polyesters.
  • the texturized composite yarn structure of claim 11 further characterized as having 0.01 to 3 turns per inch of twist.
  • the yarn structure of claim 21 further characterized in that the drak contrasting colored or colorable filaments have a Munsell lightness value of 0-6 units and a Munsell chroma value of 0-13 and the lighter colored or colorable filaments have a Munsell lightness value of 6-10 and a Munsell chroma value of 0-11.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
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Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US3680303A (en) * 1970-06-09 1972-08-01 Hercules Inc Blending continuous filament yarns
US3724199A (en) * 1970-04-20 1973-04-03 Monsanto Co Process for making continuous filament heather yarn
US3742692A (en) * 1971-06-01 1973-07-03 Leesona Corp Apparatus and method for false twisting yarn
DE2328513A1 (de) * 1972-06-05 1973-12-20 Ici Ltd Verfahren zur herstellung von garnen mit einem vorgespinsteffekt
US3781953A (en) * 1972-04-26 1974-01-01 Phillips Petroleum Co Yarn processing apparatus
DE2332773A1 (de) * 1972-06-27 1974-01-10 Ici Ltd Kompositgarn und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
US3874156A (en) * 1973-07-02 1975-04-01 Deering Milliken Res Corp Process for simultaneously edge-crimping and false-twisting yarn and yarn produced thereby
US3950933A (en) * 1974-02-15 1976-04-20 Concorde Fibers Inc. Cabled or wrapped, stuffer box crimped yarn and method of producing the same
US3950932A (en) * 1974-12-30 1976-04-20 Concorde Fibers Inc. Cabled stuffer box crimped yarn and method of producing the same
JPS5170342A (ja) * 1974-12-12 1976-06-17 Toray Industries Mokuchoamiorimonoyoshijo
US3968638A (en) * 1975-06-09 1976-07-13 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Product and process
US3973386A (en) * 1974-08-14 1976-08-10 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for texturing polyester yarn
US4051660A (en) * 1974-07-15 1977-10-04 Akzona Incorported Yarns and their method of manufacture
US4164117A (en) * 1976-04-07 1979-08-14 Fiber Industries, Inc. Method for making simulated spun-like ingrain yarn
US4173678A (en) * 1978-07-24 1979-11-06 Badische Corporation Color blended yarns with enhanced luminosity
US4218869A (en) * 1978-08-17 1980-08-26 Phillips Petroleum Company Spun-like continuous multifilament yarn
US4222223A (en) * 1978-12-15 1980-09-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Heather yarn made from bulked continuous-filament yarns
US4226079A (en) * 1978-05-04 1980-10-07 Du Pont Canada Inc. Heather yarn made by combining polyester and polyamide yarns
US4228640A (en) * 1976-04-07 1980-10-21 Fiber Industries, Inc. Simulated spun-like ingrain yarn
US4229404A (en) * 1978-04-28 1980-10-21 Phillips Petroleum Company Method for drawing yarn
US4280261A (en) * 1978-12-15 1981-07-28 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for making heather yarn from bulked continuous-filament yarns
US4464894A (en) * 1978-02-27 1984-08-14 Phillips Petroleum Company Spun-like continuous multifilament yarn
EP0133198A2 (de) * 1983-08-06 1985-02-20 Neumünstersche Maschinen- und Apparatebau Gesellschaft mbH (NEUMAG) Verfahren und Anordnung zur Herstellung eines ungezwirnten Kräuselgarns aus mindestens zwei Fadenbündeln unterschiedlicher Farbe oder Färbbarkeit
US4711191A (en) * 1986-11-04 1987-12-08 Techniservice Monofilament-wrap texturizing method and product
US4993218A (en) * 1990-01-09 1991-02-19 Textured Yarn Company Inc. Textured yarns and fabrics made therefrom
US5056200A (en) * 1990-01-09 1991-10-15 Textured Yarn Company, Inc. Apparatus for making novel textured yarn
US5786083A (en) * 1996-12-04 1998-07-28 Turtle Plastics, Inc. Floor mat and yarn therefor
US6138336A (en) * 1999-11-23 2000-10-31 Milliken & Company Holographic air-jet textured yarn
US20040158955A1 (en) * 2003-02-17 2004-08-19 Acton Aaron J. Web adjuster device
US20050144742A1 (en) * 2004-01-06 2005-07-07 John Rusk Systems and methods for coloring textiles

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US3099064A (en) * 1961-04-13 1963-07-30 Eastman Kodak Co Method and apparatus for making rug yarn
US3123888A (en) * 1964-03-10 meyers
BE658465A (pt) * 1964-01-23 1965-05-17

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US3123888A (en) * 1964-03-10 meyers
US3099064A (en) * 1961-04-13 1963-07-30 Eastman Kodak Co Method and apparatus for making rug yarn
BE658465A (pt) * 1964-01-23 1965-05-17
GB1064765A (en) * 1964-01-23 1967-04-12 Onderzoekings Inst Res Textured filament yarns and a process and apparatus for their manufacture

Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3724199A (en) * 1970-04-20 1973-04-03 Monsanto Co Process for making continuous filament heather yarn
US3680303A (en) * 1970-06-09 1972-08-01 Hercules Inc Blending continuous filament yarns
US3742692A (en) * 1971-06-01 1973-07-03 Leesona Corp Apparatus and method for false twisting yarn
US3781953A (en) * 1972-04-26 1974-01-01 Phillips Petroleum Co Yarn processing apparatus
DE2328513A1 (de) * 1972-06-05 1973-12-20 Ici Ltd Verfahren zur herstellung von garnen mit einem vorgespinsteffekt
DE2332773A1 (de) * 1972-06-27 1974-01-10 Ici Ltd Kompositgarn und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
US3874156A (en) * 1973-07-02 1975-04-01 Deering Milliken Res Corp Process for simultaneously edge-crimping and false-twisting yarn and yarn produced thereby
US3950933A (en) * 1974-02-15 1976-04-20 Concorde Fibers Inc. Cabled or wrapped, stuffer box crimped yarn and method of producing the same
US4051660A (en) * 1974-07-15 1977-10-04 Akzona Incorported Yarns and their method of manufacture
US3973386A (en) * 1974-08-14 1976-08-10 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for texturing polyester yarn
JPS5170342A (ja) * 1974-12-12 1976-06-17 Toray Industries Mokuchoamiorimonoyoshijo
JPS5343221B2 (pt) * 1974-12-12 1978-11-17
US3950932A (en) * 1974-12-30 1976-04-20 Concorde Fibers Inc. Cabled stuffer box crimped yarn and method of producing the same
US3968638A (en) * 1975-06-09 1976-07-13 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Product and process
US4164117A (en) * 1976-04-07 1979-08-14 Fiber Industries, Inc. Method for making simulated spun-like ingrain yarn
US4228640A (en) * 1976-04-07 1980-10-21 Fiber Industries, Inc. Simulated spun-like ingrain yarn
US4464894A (en) * 1978-02-27 1984-08-14 Phillips Petroleum Company Spun-like continuous multifilament yarn
US4229404A (en) * 1978-04-28 1980-10-21 Phillips Petroleum Company Method for drawing yarn
US4226079A (en) * 1978-05-04 1980-10-07 Du Pont Canada Inc. Heather yarn made by combining polyester and polyamide yarns
US4173678A (en) * 1978-07-24 1979-11-06 Badische Corporation Color blended yarns with enhanced luminosity
US4218869A (en) * 1978-08-17 1980-08-26 Phillips Petroleum Company Spun-like continuous multifilament yarn
US4222223A (en) * 1978-12-15 1980-09-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Heather yarn made from bulked continuous-filament yarns
US4280261A (en) * 1978-12-15 1981-07-28 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for making heather yarn from bulked continuous-filament yarns
EP0133198A2 (de) * 1983-08-06 1985-02-20 Neumünstersche Maschinen- und Apparatebau Gesellschaft mbH (NEUMAG) Verfahren und Anordnung zur Herstellung eines ungezwirnten Kräuselgarns aus mindestens zwei Fadenbündeln unterschiedlicher Farbe oder Färbbarkeit
EP0133198A3 (en) * 1983-08-06 1988-09-07 Neumunstersche Maschinen- Und Apparatebau Gesellschaft Mbh. (Neumag) Method and apparatus for making a non twisted crimped yarn from at least two bundles of filaments having different colours or dyeing properties
US4711191A (en) * 1986-11-04 1987-12-08 Techniservice Monofilament-wrap texturizing method and product
US5056200A (en) * 1990-01-09 1991-10-15 Textured Yarn Company, Inc. Apparatus for making novel textured yarn
US4993218A (en) * 1990-01-09 1991-02-19 Textured Yarn Company Inc. Textured yarns and fabrics made therefrom
US5786083A (en) * 1996-12-04 1998-07-28 Turtle Plastics, Inc. Floor mat and yarn therefor
US6138336A (en) * 1999-11-23 2000-10-31 Milliken & Company Holographic air-jet textured yarn
WO2001038618A2 (en) * 1999-11-23 2001-05-31 Milliken & Company Novel holographic air-jet textured yarn
WO2001038618A3 (en) * 1999-11-23 2002-05-10 Milliken & Co Novel holographic air-jet textured yarn
US20040158955A1 (en) * 2003-02-17 2004-08-19 Acton Aaron J. Web adjuster device
US7010836B2 (en) * 2003-02-17 2006-03-14 Indiana Mills & Manufacturing, Inc. Web adjuster device
US20050144742A1 (en) * 2004-01-06 2005-07-07 John Rusk Systems and methods for coloring textiles
US7279014B2 (en) * 2004-01-06 2007-10-09 Gagwear, Inc. Methods for coloring textiles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1760104A1 (de) 1972-11-09
FR1560820A (pt) 1969-03-21
GB1192836A (en) 1970-05-20

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