US3446027A - Apparatus for depositing a layer of flowable material underwater - Google Patents

Apparatus for depositing a layer of flowable material underwater Download PDF

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Publication number
US3446027A
US3446027A US660320A US3446027DA US3446027A US 3446027 A US3446027 A US 3446027A US 660320 A US660320 A US 660320A US 3446027D A US3446027D A US 3446027DA US 3446027 A US3446027 A US 3446027A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
flow
bituminous mass
liquid
upper edge
supply conduit
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US660320A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hermanus Meijer
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Shell USA Inc
Original Assignee
Shell Oil Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Oil Co filed Critical Shell Oil Co
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Publication of US3446027A publication Critical patent/US3446027A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/121—Devices for applying linings on banks or the water bottom

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus for the deposition of a layer of bituminous material underwater on the bottom or talus of a waterway, by leading a stream of liquid bituminous mass to the bottom or talus of the waterway, or for depositing fiowable materials on the ocean floor around offshore oil well platforms or around underwater wellheads or other facilities to prevent erosion.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus for the deposition of a layer of bituminous material underwater on the bottom or talus of a waterway, comprising a supply conduit for liquid bituminous mass with at least one inlet and one outlet.
  • the volume flowing from a given opening depends to a great extent on the viscosity of the bituminous mass. This viscosityis, in turn, strongly dependent on the temperature and composition of the mass.
  • the temperature may vary at the different openings, for example, because the liquid bituminous mass reaching the outer nozzles has been transported over a greater distance after leaving the supply conduit than liquid bituminous mass reaching the more centrally located nozzles, and consequently has been cooled down further. For that reason it is not always easy to ensure the same outlet volume per time at all nozzles.
  • the invention provides an apparatus as referred to hereinbefore, in which the said problems are solved by giving each particle of the liquid bituminous mass under the water surface at least once a flow in an upward direction.
  • each particle of the liquid bituminous mass must at least once under the water surface have a flow in an upward direction during transport of the liquid bituminous mass to the bottom or the talus of the waterway.
  • the invention thus provides an apparatus of the type referred to hereinbefore, the supply conduit at the outlet side being provided with a flow reverse device, which functions as a liquid seal, if filled up with bituminous mass.
  • a flow reverse device has an outlet month which, at vertical position of the supply conduit, is entirely situated at a higher level than the level of the highest point of the inner bend of the flow reverse device.
  • this flow reverse device the flow direction of each particle of the bituminous mass at least once is changed from downward to upward during passage.
  • the particles will enter the flow reverse device in downward direction, and during passage through this device they will at least once flow in an upward direction, owing to the structure of the flow reverse device.
  • the flow reverse device When flowing through the flow reverse device, there is a level after passing of which each particle must have a flow in an upward direction, in order to pass the flow reverse device. This level is called the level of the highest point of the inner bend of the flow reverse device. If filled up with bituminous mass the flow reverse device functions as a liquid seal, no water being able to enter the apparatus in view of the lower specific gravity of the water as compared with the specific gravity of the liquid bituminous mass.
  • the flow reverse device functions as a liquid seal a bituminous mass which automatically shuts out the water, no special dimensions of the outlet openings are necessary in order to prevent the entrance of water.
  • the supply conduit preferably is a straight tube, in order to secure an unhindered downward flow of the liquid bituminous mass supplied.
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic vertical longitudinal section through an apparatus according to the invention, the flow reverse device being constructed as a bent tube;
  • FIGURE 2 is a plan view of a modified flow reverse device
  • FIGURE 3 is a sectional view taken along the line 3-3 of FIGURE 2;
  • FIGURE 4 is an elevational view in partial section of an apparatus forming another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGURE 5 is an elevational view in partial section of still another embodiment
  • FIGURE 6 is a partial elevational view of an embodiment of the invention in which the flow reverse device is swivelly mounted;
  • FIGURE 7 is a sectional view taken along the line 77 of FIGURE 6;
  • FIGURE 8 is an elevational view of a modified form of the invention in which the flow reverse is pivoted to the supply conduit on an axis transverse to the supply conduit.
  • the apparatus 10 comprises a supply tube or conduit 11 and a bent tube or conduit 12, which is attached to the supply tube.
  • the bent tube is open at the upper side and has an upper edge 14, which is situated at a higher level than the highest point of the inner bend 13 of the bent tube.
  • the apparatus 10 is installed in the water in the upright position.
  • the apparatus is, for example, suspended so as to swivel on a hinge 16 from a power-driven vessel or a movable pontoon 17.
  • the supply conduit 11 is filled at the top with a liquid bituminous mass from a chute 15.
  • An equilibrium is created between the column of bituminous mass and the column of water above the upper edge 14, so that the same amount of bituminous mass flows out of the apparatus as is supplied to it.
  • the apparatus 10 is raised above water by swivelling it round the hinge 16 in the direction shown by the arrow 18.
  • the bent tube 12 is filled to beyond the highest point of its inner bend 13 and lowered, while the apparatus 10 is filled up further. Care is taken that no water can enter.
  • the vessel is shifted, while as much bituminous mass is poured into the supply conduit 11 as is required to form a layer 19 of bituminous mass. Since the bituminous mass is heavier than water it spreads out as a liquid on the surface of the bottom or talus and forces the water out.
  • a layer '19 can be very rapidly laid with the apparatus according to the invention.
  • the upper edge of the outlet mouth of the bent tube 14 may have a great length compared with the diameter of the supply tube, extending laterally from the supply tube.
  • FIGURE 2 shows diagrammatically a horizontal section of this embodiment of the invention. In this way a broad area of the bottom or talus of a waterway can be covered with a bituminous layer in one operation.
  • the liquid surface of the bitumen along the upper edge 14 is not flat but somewhat curved, since the viscous flow of the bituminous mass at places at a greater distance from the supply tube is decreased in view of temperature decrease of the liquid bituminous mass.
  • the upper edge 14 can be adapted to this curved liquid surface, so that even in these circumstances a layer 19 of a uniform thickness can be laid.
  • FIGURE 3 represents a vertical section along the line 3--3 of FIGURE 2, showing an upper edge 14 adapted to the curved liquid surface, being highest at places nearest to the supply conduit. If the thickness of the layer at one end of the bent tube 12 is desired to be greater than at the other end, the apparatus is moved somewhat out of the vertical plane, for instance, by making the cable 21 at one end of the tube 12 longer than the other cable 21.
  • the flow reverse device is constructed as a cistern which is open at the top, the upper edge of which is entirely situated at a higher level than the outlet of the supply conduit at a vertical position of the latter.
  • the apparatus 110 according to FIGURE 4 is an example of such an embodiment.
  • a supply conduit 111 ends in a cistern 112.
  • the cistern 112 may have a circular cross-section or have any other form, such as a rectangular one.
  • An upper edge having a great length compared with the diameter of the supply conduit is preferred.
  • the cistern can be constructed in such a way that the upper edge in the desired direction of flow of the liquid bituminous mass is lower than the upper edge in other directions.
  • the liquid surface in the cistern may be curved and it may be of advantage to adapt the edge to the curved liquid surface as discussed above.
  • the apparatus is especially suited for local deposition of bituminous mass.
  • Apparatus 210 depicted in FIGURE 5 differs from apparatus 10 in that the supply tube 211 and the flow reverse device 212 have part of their wall in common. This apparatus is of more compact design, with the result that there is less heat loss.
  • FIGURE 6 represents diagrammatically a vertical longitudinal section of such an embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, while FIGURE 7 depicts a view on a horizontal section taken on the line 7-7 of FIGURE 6.
  • Apparatus 310 has a cistern (which may be a bent tube) 312 extending horizontally for some distance from the supply conduit 311.
  • the cistern or bent tube 312 can swivel round the supply conduit 311, or the apparatus as a whole can swivel together round the vertical axis of the supply conduit 311, in the direction of the arrows 323, so that the bituminous mass flows alternately over the upper edge 314a and the upper edge 314b, as the cistern or bent tube 312 swivels back and forth while the apparatus 310 is shifted in the direction of the arrow 324.
  • a broad coating is laid composed of wide arcs of a circle blending into each other.
  • FIGURE 8 represents diagrammatically a vertical section through an apparatus according to the invention provided with means to empty the apparatus at any moment, if desired.
  • the tank 412 of the apparatus 410 swivels round a shaft 425 between the operating position shown by unbroken lines and the discharge position shown by dotted lines. In this way, the apparatus 410 can be emptied completely at any desired moment.
  • the upper edge of the flow reverse device is situated at a lower level than the highest point of the inner bend thereof and the particles of the liquid bituminous mass leaving the apparatus need not have had a flow direction, which is in the upward direction or have had an upwardly directed component.
  • the apparatus according to the invention can be used in the oblique position as well as in the vertical position.
  • the position of the supply conduit is adapted to the depth of the waterway.
  • the upper edge of the outlet of the flow reverse device is preferably kept at a given distance from the bed by means of a feeler device.
  • the bituminous mass can be passed to the bed from the upper edge of the outlet mouth of the fiow reverse device with the aid of a guide means (not shown) comprising, for example, a corrugated plate, the corrugations of which extend in the direction of flow.
  • a guide means comprising, for example, a corrugated plate, the corrugations of which extend in the direction of flow.
  • This corrugated plate can be hingeably secured to the upper edge and can drag its lower end along the bed to be coated.
  • the apparatus according to the invention may be provided with heating elements (not shown) for keeping the bituminous mass in the liquid state. These heating elements will usually not be required. It is, however, advisable to insulate the apparatus according to the invention with a view to preventing too great a loss of heat.
  • the part of the upper edge at the top of the outlet of the flow reverse device over which no bituminous mass may flow will be at a higher level than the part of this upper edge which is equipped for the discharge of the bituminous mass.
  • the upper edge of the flow reverse device is preferably divided into sections, which can be secured to the flow reverse device in such a way that they can be adjusted in height independent of each other. In this Way the fiow pattern of the bituminous mass flowing from the apparatus can be controlled as desired.
  • liquid bituminous mass with a higher viscosity can be applied, than could be used in known apparatus hitherto.
  • fillers and aggregates of greater diameter can be used in the liquid bituminous mass to :be deposited on the bottom or talus of a Waterway, than was possible up till now.
  • An apparatus for the deposition of a layer of flowable materials underwater comprising:
  • movable buoyant means carried on the surface of the water; depending imperforate conduit means carried by said buoyant means and having an upper inlet end above the surface of the water and a lowermost end portion disposed in the water near the point said material is to be deposited; flow directing means carried by the lowermost end portion of said conduit means and having a material-conveying passageway with flow communication therewith for substantially reversing the flow of said material upwardly from said end portion; said flow directing means terminating in an outlet means positioned above the lowermost end portion and said passageway; and, supply means in communication with the upper inlet end of said conduit means for supplying said material to said conduit means.
  • buoyant means comprise a movable vessel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
US660320A 1966-08-16 1967-08-14 Apparatus for depositing a layer of flowable material underwater Expired - Lifetime US3446027A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL6611475A NL6611475A (enExample) 1966-08-16 1966-08-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3446027A true US3446027A (en) 1969-05-27

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ID=19797420

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US660320A Expired - Lifetime US3446027A (en) 1966-08-16 1967-08-14 Apparatus for depositing a layer of flowable material underwater

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3446027A (enExample)
BE (1) BE702651A (enExample)
DE (1) DE1634156B2 (enExample)
DK (1) DK111168B (enExample)
GB (1) GB1163362A (enExample)
NL (1) NL6611475A (enExample)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3572042A (en) * 1969-10-06 1971-03-23 Us Navy Process for forming a plastic fill sheet on ocean floor silt
US3643741A (en) * 1970-02-03 1972-02-22 Salvatore W Miranda Sealing of underwater fissures
US4129008A (en) * 1975-05-28 1978-12-12 Kajima Kensetsu Kabushiki Kaisha Tremie tube
US4352590A (en) * 1979-06-11 1982-10-05 Parker William R Stabilization of erodible marine or fluviatile sediments

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3130733A1 (de) * 1981-08-03 1983-02-17 Heilit + Woerner Bau-Ag Verfahren und einrichtung zum verlegen einer schicht am boden eines gewaessers
DE19914839B4 (de) * 1999-04-01 2005-06-09 Grooterhorst, Alfons, Dr.agr. Verfahren zum Erstellen einer reaktiven Schmalwand
CN114541337B (zh) * 2022-04-14 2024-03-29 重庆交通大学 一种泥石流排导槽磨蚀段破损修复方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3572042A (en) * 1969-10-06 1971-03-23 Us Navy Process for forming a plastic fill sheet on ocean floor silt
US3643741A (en) * 1970-02-03 1972-02-22 Salvatore W Miranda Sealing of underwater fissures
US4129008A (en) * 1975-05-28 1978-12-12 Kajima Kensetsu Kabushiki Kaisha Tremie tube
US4352590A (en) * 1979-06-11 1982-10-05 Parker William R Stabilization of erodible marine or fluviatile sediments

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6611475A (enExample) 1968-02-19
GB1163362A (en) 1969-09-04
DE1634156A1 (de) 1971-02-25
DK111168B (da) 1968-06-17
BE702651A (enExample) 1968-02-14
DE1634156B2 (de) 1976-04-15

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