US3415723A - Method of stop-off of cathode pieces in chromium plating baths - Google Patents
Method of stop-off of cathode pieces in chromium plating baths Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3415723A US3415723A US291988A US29198863A US3415723A US 3415723 A US3415723 A US 3415723A US 291988 A US291988 A US 291988A US 29198863 A US29198863 A US 29198863A US 3415723 A US3415723 A US 3415723A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- areas
- plate
- chromium
- selected areas
- cathode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title description 51
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 48
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 47
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 30
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 16
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 5
- QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneiron Chemical compound [C].[Fe] QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011696 chromium(III) sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001037 White iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/02—Electroplating of selected surface areas
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S204/00—Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
- Y10S204/07—Current distribution within the bath
Definitions
- ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A process for electroplating a chromium plate from a chromium plating bath onto a workpiece having predetermined areas to be chromium plated and selected areas to be stopped-off which comprises placing a piece of etched high'carbon iron alloy immediately adjacent to and in electrical contact with said selected areas, subjecting said selected areas to plating current density whereby said plate is deposited onto the predetermined areas while the selected areas remain stopped-off, and to chromium plated products produced by said process.
- This invention relates to a method of treating cathodes. More particularly, this invention relates to a method of treating selected areas of cathodes to effect stopping-off, he to permit control of selected areas of a cathode used e.g. in a chromium plating bath so that they may be free from plate which is to be deposited on other areas of the cathode.
- metals may be immersed in various baths in the course of different treating processes wherein desired portions of the metal may, for example, be subjected to electroplating.
- electroplating of various metals typically nickel, copper, tin, zinc, or chromium may be effected in baths of varying acidity and composition; many of these baths may contain chloride or fluoride which may be an integral part of the bath or present as an additive.
- chromium plating baths may undesirably be plated sufficiently to alter the dimensions substantially and/or to spoil the appearance of the finished article.
- the problem of stopoff may be present in various baths, typified by chromium plating baths, nickel plating baths, acid copper baths, acid tin baths, zinc baths, etc.; for purpose of convenience, reefrence will hereinafter be made to chromium plating baths.
- the areas of the cathode on which plate is not desired may be covered or painted with a masking or stop-off material which prevents deposition and build-up of the plate on these high current density areas which would normally be plated.
- the masking or stop-off coatings are commonly subjected to severe corrosive conditions for an extended period of time. For example, in chromium plating these materials may remain in position for extended periods of time, often for days, under the most severe oxidizing conditions in contact with baths which may contain sulfuric acid and chromic acid together wth numerous other chemicals.
- the stop-olf material must be resistant to the highly erosive effect of the hydrogen which is liberated.
- chromium plating for example may be effected by use of a bath containing chromic acid and sulfate together with other compounds which may be employed to effect various de- 3,415,723 Patented Dec. 10, 1968 sirable results. Typical of these additive compounds may be fluoride or fluoride complexes.
- Other illustrative chromium plating systems may include soluble catalyst systems containing e.g. chromic acid and sulfate such as sulfuric acid in amount sufiicient to give the desired concentration of sulfate ion, or self-regulating baths, typically those containing silicofluorides together with sulfate.
- chromium plating from baths typified by the foregoing, it is common to operate at a temperature which may vary depending upon the type and purpose of the plating operation. Commonly however the temperature of operation may be 34 C.-72 C. and typically 48 C.- 63 C.
- the cathodic current density may preferably be controlled to fall in the range of 8-100, and typically 12-45 a.s.d. (i.e. amperes per square decimeter) on the selected areas of high current density whereon plating may occur. However, because there may be certain selected high current density areas which are not to be chromium plated, it is desired to stop-off these areas.
- paints or tapes may include plastic materials such as polymers of vinyl chloride or vinyl acetate which may contain plasticizers, pigments, solvents, etc. These may be applied by painting onto the desired portions of the workpiece which are not to be subjected to the action of the solution.
- Masking tapes which may be employed for the same purpose may be wrapped around the piece and cover the areas which are to be protected or stopped-off.
- the process of this invention for electroplating a plate metal from a bath onto a cathode having predetermined areas to be plated and selected areas to be stopped-off comprises protecting said selected areas with a piece of etched high-carbon iron alloy, and subjecting said cathode including said selected areas to plating current density whereby said plate metal is deposited on to said predetermined areas and said selected areas remain stopped-off.
- Typical of the plate metal with which the process of this invention may find use may be the aforementioned chromium plate including hard chromium plate.
- This invention will be especially suitable for use with the noted chromium plating baths, including the soluble or sparingly soluble catalyst-containing chromium plating baths.
- the cathodes which may be used in the practice of this invention may be those basis metal articles upon which a plate, typically a chromium plate is desired. Typically these basis metals may be characterized by their high hydrogen overvoltage. Hydrogen overvoltage is a measure of the amount of work required to liberate hydrogen at the cathode. Thus, it is conventionally expressed as the difference between the potential of the electrode when hydrogen is liberated during electrolysis and the potential of the reversible hydrogen electrode, both potentials being referred to the same electrolyte. A cathode having a lower hydrogen overvoltage will, therefore, generate hydrogen at a lower voltage than a cathode having a higher hydrogen overvoltage.
- High hydrogen overvoltage basis metals may include ferrous metals such as iron or steel, including stainless steels, low carbon steels, nickel steels, chromium steels, chromium-nickel steels, etc., particularly when these metals are in bright, solid, highly polished condition.
- ferrous metals such as iron or steel, including stainless steels, low carbon steels, nickel steels, chromium steels, chromium-nickel steels, etc., particularly when these metals are in bright, solid, highly polished condition.
- the selected areas of the cathode on which it is not desired that plating occur may be protected with a piece of etched high-carbon iron alloy.
- the high-carbon iron alloys which may be employed may be preferably selected from the group consisting of cast iron and high-carbon steels.
- Cast iron may be iron containing l.76% carbon which is not malleable over a wide range of temperatures. It may normally exist in the form of white cast iron and gray cast iron, the formerly apparently containing a chemical compound or alloy of iron and carbon, the latter containing a substantial portion of a mixture of the two materials.
- cast iron may contain other materials such as phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, copper, manganese, nickel, tungsten, etc., it will not normally have any substantial amount of added alloying metals.
- a typical cast iron may be one containing 4.2% combined carbon and 0.2% graphite and melting at 1088 C.
- the high carbon steels which may be used in practice of this invention may include steel containing 0.60%- 0.90% carbon together with other optional preferred alloying metals. Typically these alloying metals may include manganese, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum.
- a typical high carbon steel which may be employed may be SAE Steel No. 1090 containing Percent Carbon 0.850.98
- the high-carbon iron alloy piece may be etched by immersion for 1-10 seconds or longer, say seconds in mineral acid, e.g., hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, etc. at C.30 0, say 25 C. During this immersion the surface of the piece may become etched as hydrogen is liberated.
- the etched surface of the high-carbon iron alloy may be in low hydrogen overvoltage form commonly characterized by finely divided surface condition.
- the high-carbon iron alloy may be used to protect those selected areas of the surface to be stopped-off. It may be employed to protect the cleaner or prepared surface of the basis metal in a number of ways.
- One highly convenient method for placing the high-carbon iron alloy in position to protect the selected areas of the cathode may be by use of a thin foraminous sheet, including mesh, expanded metal, perforated metal, etc. This may be in intimate electrical contact with, and preferably positioned immediately adjacent to and electrically connected to, the cathode areas to be stopped-off.
- the portion of the cathode to be stopped-off may preferably be overlaid with and contiguous to the thin foraminous sheet.
- a foraminous sheet immediately adjacent to and electrically connected to the cathode permits plating predetermined areas of the cathode while satisfactorily stopping-off selected areas.
- the etched high-carbon iron alloy will substantially envelope, surround, or isolate the selected areas.
- the piece of etched highcarbon iron alloy which may be employed in practice of this invention may be a jig or fixture in which or by means of which the piece to be plated is mounted in the rack.
- the portion of the piece to be stopped-off may be, e.g., the threads on a bolt
- the threads may be protected by use of a nut threaded thereover which covers the threads.
- the nut may be formed of a high-carbon iron alloy the surface of which has been etched as hereinbefore noted supra.
- the high-carbon iron alloy may be etched in the plating bath prior to electroplating.
- the bath e.g. a chromium plating bath is sufficiently corrosive to the particular high-carbon iron alloy
- the assembly including this alloy may be permitted to remain in the bath for 30-120, say 60 seconds prior to electroplating. It may be found that this will etch the surface sufficiently to permit stop-off.
- etching may be effected by making the assembly including the highcarbon alloy anode for 560 seconds, say 10 seconds prior to plating e. g. with chromium.
- the alloy may retain its activity indefinitely and it may not be readily poisoned or deactivated during normal operation of baths including chromium plating baths. In fact, the slightest corrosion or pickling action of the bath on the high carbon iron alloy serves to further activate the stop-off ability of the alloy. It is economical to use, in that it may be employed over and over again an almost unlimited number of times, and is conveniently removed after plating.
- Example 1 In this example, pieces 10, 11, and 12 of high-carbon iron alloy (having dimensions as hereinafter described) fabricated of plain cast iron were etched by immersion in hydrochloric acid for 10 seconds. They were then washed, dried and assembled in manner shown in FIG. 1. As is apparent, the pieces 10 and 11 may be fitting pieces of cast iron wherein the portion 14 of bolt 13 fits; the piece 12 in this embodiment may be a nut which fits over most of the threads 15 on bolt 13. The pieces 10 and 11 may be secured together by means not shown.
- the entire assembly may be placed as cathode within a chromium plating bath containing 250 g./l. chromic acid, 1.25 g./l. sulfate ion as sulfuric acid, and 2.5 g./l. of silicofluoride ion SiF Power was supplied to maintain an effective cathode current density of 50 a.s.d. at C. for 5 hours. During this time, a plate 17 of 250 microns thickness was deposited on the predetermined area 16. The ends 18 .and 19 of the plate stopped at the begininng of the selected area 14 and the thread 15 of the bolt 13. These selected areas were free of plate. It was apparent that the novel technique of this invention permitted electroplating on the predetermined areas while simultaneously stoppingotl selected areas.
- Example 2 In this example the procedure of Example 1 was duplicated except that the pieces 10, 11, and 12 of cast iron were not etched prior to immersion in the chromium plating bath. Etching of these pieces was effected by allowing the assembly containing these pieces to rest in the bath, without current for 60 seconds prior to plating.
- Example 3 In this example, the procedure of Example 1 was duplicated except that the pieces 10, 11, and 12 of cast iron were not etched prior to immersion in the chromium plating bath. Etching of the pieces was eifected by making the assembly including pieces 10, 11, and 12 anode for 510 seconds.
- a plated product prepared according to the process of this invention is unexpectedly novel in that it is characterized by a layer of plate of predetermined thickness which plate in its deposited form possesses smoothly delineated edges which gradually decrease in thickness over the transition area between the plate and the unplated metal base whereby the plate gradually blends into the metal base.
- This plated piece need not be ground to remove growths etc. at the end of the plated area as is common with pieces plated by standard e.g. chromium plating techniques.
- the novel technique of this invention for stopping-off cathodes by protecting selected areas thereon with high carbon iron alloys permits .attainment of superior results.
- These high carbon iron alloys which, when protecting i.e. when in intimate electrical contact with the cathode, permit attainment of this unexpected and superior result, may be readily fabricated in various forms.
- the high carbon iron alloys may be in the form of or a portion of the cathode-holding mechanism, it may be possible to use therein foraminous sheets including mesh, expanded metal, and perforated metal, which preferably may contain a plurality of holes of very small size, typically less than about 1 mm. in diameter.
- a novel product comprising a metal base and a layer of chromium metal plate on portions thereof, said layer of metal plate in its deposited form being characterized by smoothly delineated edges which gradually decrease in thickness over the transition areas between the plate portions and the unplated metal base.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
Priority Applications (26)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL297569D NL297569A (instruction) | 1962-09-06 | ||
US291988A US3415723A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1963-07-01 | Method of stop-off of cathode pieces in chromium plating baths |
US291986A US3350287A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1963-07-01 | Method of preventing etch on cast iron in plating baths |
CH1233068A CH477561A (de) | 1962-09-06 | 1963-09-05 | Verfahren zur Verhinderung des Anätzens bei der Elektroplattierung von Stahl und Eisen und Vorrichtung zur Ausführung des Verfahrens |
CH1233168A CH477562A (de) | 1962-09-06 | 1963-09-05 | Verfahren zur Verhinderung des Anätzens bei der Elektroplattierung von Gusseisen und Vorrichtung zur Ausführung des Verfahrens |
CH1098763A CH479716A (de) | 1962-09-06 | 1963-09-05 | Verfahren zur Verhinderung des Anätzens bei der Elektroplattierung von Metallen |
CH1232968A CH493644A (de) | 1962-09-06 | 1963-09-05 | Verfahren zur Verhinderung des Anätzens bei der Elektroplattierung eines Metalls und Vorrichtung zur Ausführung des Verfahrens |
DE19631496894 DE1496894A1 (de) | 1962-09-06 | 1963-09-05 | Verfahren zur Elektroplattierung von Grundmetallen ohne AEtzen |
FR946796A FR1373907A (fr) | 1962-09-06 | 1963-09-06 | Procédé de dépôt électrolytique sélectif |
GB35313/63A GB1064295A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1963-09-06 | Improvements in or relating to electroplating |
SE09807/63A SE339153B (instruction) | 1962-09-06 | 1963-09-06 | |
FR951345A FR84638E (fr) | 1962-09-06 | 1963-10-22 | Procédé de dépôt électrolytique sélectif |
JP38057330A JPS4820971B1 (instruction) | 1962-09-06 | 1963-10-28 | |
DE19631496895 DE1496895A1 (de) | 1962-09-06 | 1963-11-21 | Verfahren zum Abdecken des Grundmetalls beim Elektroplattieren |
CH1480563A CH467868A (de) | 1962-09-06 | 1963-12-04 | Verfahren zum Abdecken von Metallen beim Elektroplattieren |
SE2022/64A SE310970B (instruction) | 1962-09-06 | 1964-02-19 | |
GB10695/64A GB1063781A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1964-03-13 | Improvements in or relating to electroplating |
GB10698/64A GB1063782A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1964-03-13 | Improvements in or relating to electroplating |
GB10696/64A GB1063503A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1964-03-13 | Improvements in or relating to electroplating on cast iron |
GB10697/64A GB1064443A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1964-03-13 | Improvements in or relating to electroplating |
GB10693/64A GB1064296A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1964-03-13 | Improvements in or relating to electroplating |
GB10694/64A GB1064297A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1964-03-13 | Improvements in or relating to electroplating onto steel or iron |
US725956A US3573175A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1968-05-01 | Method of stopping-off plating in electroplating baths |
US754105A US3511758A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1968-08-13 | Method of preventing etch on steel and iron in plating baths |
US786040A US3477920A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1968-12-23 | Method of treating electrodes for use in electroplating baths |
US821135A US3702809A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1969-05-01 | Method of preventing etch in plating baths |
Applications Claiming Priority (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US22187962A | 1962-09-06 | 1962-09-06 | |
US29198763A | 1963-07-01 | 1963-07-01 | |
US29192563A | 1963-07-01 | 1963-07-01 | |
US29196063A | 1963-07-01 | 1963-07-01 | |
US29191763A | 1963-07-01 | 1963-07-01 | |
US291988A US3415723A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1963-07-01 | Method of stop-off of cathode pieces in chromium plating baths |
US291986A US3350287A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1963-07-01 | Method of preventing etch on cast iron in plating baths |
US72595668A | 1968-05-01 | 1968-05-01 | |
US75410568A | 1968-08-13 | 1968-08-13 | |
US78604068A | 1968-12-23 | 1968-12-23 | |
US82113569A | 1969-05-01 | 1969-05-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3415723A true US3415723A (en) | 1968-12-10 |
Family
ID=27582736
Family Applications (6)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US291986A Expired - Lifetime US3350287A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1963-07-01 | Method of preventing etch on cast iron in plating baths |
US291988A Expired - Lifetime US3415723A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1963-07-01 | Method of stop-off of cathode pieces in chromium plating baths |
US725956A Expired - Lifetime US3573175A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1968-05-01 | Method of stopping-off plating in electroplating baths |
US754105A Expired - Lifetime US3511758A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1968-08-13 | Method of preventing etch on steel and iron in plating baths |
US786040A Expired - Lifetime US3477920A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1968-12-23 | Method of treating electrodes for use in electroplating baths |
US821135A Expired - Lifetime US3702809A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1969-05-01 | Method of preventing etch in plating baths |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US291986A Expired - Lifetime US3350287A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1963-07-01 | Method of preventing etch on cast iron in plating baths |
Family Applications After (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US725956A Expired - Lifetime US3573175A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1968-05-01 | Method of stopping-off plating in electroplating baths |
US754105A Expired - Lifetime US3511758A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1968-08-13 | Method of preventing etch on steel and iron in plating baths |
US786040A Expired - Lifetime US3477920A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1968-12-23 | Method of treating electrodes for use in electroplating baths |
US821135A Expired - Lifetime US3702809A (en) | 1962-09-06 | 1969-05-01 | Method of preventing etch in plating baths |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (6) | US3350287A (instruction) |
JP (1) | JPS4820971B1 (instruction) |
CH (5) | CH479716A (instruction) |
DE (2) | DE1496894A1 (instruction) |
GB (7) | GB1064295A (instruction) |
NL (1) | NL297569A (instruction) |
SE (2) | SE339153B (instruction) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3525676A (en) * | 1967-12-20 | 1970-08-25 | M & T Chemicals Inc | Corrosion inhibition |
Families Citing this family (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1277642B (de) * | 1964-01-14 | 1968-09-12 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zum Schutz von metallischen Oberflaechen gegen Metallabscheidung in chemischen Metallisierungsbaedern |
US3901771A (en) * | 1973-07-11 | 1975-08-26 | Inland Steel Co | One-side electrocoating |
US3970537A (en) * | 1973-07-11 | 1976-07-20 | Inland Steel Company | Electrolytic treating apparatus |
US3880725A (en) * | 1974-04-10 | 1975-04-29 | Rca Corp | Predetermined thickness profiles through electroplating |
US3959099A (en) * | 1975-06-18 | 1976-05-25 | Inland Steel Company | Electrolytic method of producing one-side-only coated steel |
US4043891A (en) * | 1976-01-14 | 1977-08-23 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Electrolytic cell with bipolar electrodes |
JPS5321048A (en) * | 1976-08-10 | 1978-02-27 | Nippon Electric Co | Constant current density plating device |
US4071429A (en) * | 1976-12-29 | 1978-01-31 | Monsanto Company | Electrolytic flow-cell apparatus and process for effecting sequential electrochemical reaction |
US4292159A (en) * | 1977-11-21 | 1981-09-29 | Olin Corporation | Cell having in situ reduction of electrode overvoltage |
US4378281A (en) * | 1981-06-25 | 1983-03-29 | Napco, Inc. | High speed plating of flat planar workpieces |
US4378282A (en) * | 1981-06-25 | 1983-03-29 | Napco, Inc. | High speed plating of flat planar workpieces |
US4545873A (en) * | 1982-01-19 | 1985-10-08 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Vessel for an unstable solution of a metal salt or complex and method for sealing such vessel |
US5122256A (en) * | 1991-05-24 | 1992-06-16 | Waskiewicz Walter P | Method for selectively coating surfaces of components |
US5173170A (en) * | 1991-06-03 | 1992-12-22 | Eco-Tec Limited | Process for electroplating metals |
DE4442792A1 (de) * | 1994-12-01 | 1996-06-05 | Teves Gmbh Alfred | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer korrosions- und verschleißschützenden Oxidschicht mit örtlich reduzierter Schichtdicke auf der Metalloberfläche eines Werkstücks |
US6090260A (en) * | 1997-03-31 | 2000-07-18 | Tdk Corporation | Electroplating method |
US6071388A (en) * | 1998-05-29 | 2000-06-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Electroplating workpiece fixture having liquid gap spacer |
US6039858A (en) * | 1998-07-22 | 2000-03-21 | International Business Machines Corporation | Plating process for x-ray mask fabrication |
US6197664B1 (en) | 1999-01-12 | 2001-03-06 | Fujitsu Limited | Method for electroplating vias or through holes in substrates having conductors on both sides |
US6193860B1 (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 2001-02-27 | Vlsi Technolgy, Inc. | Method and apparatus for improved copper plating uniformity on a semiconductor wafer using optimized electrical currents |
GB2351089B (en) * | 1999-06-15 | 2001-04-18 | Hong Kong Productivity Council | Platinum electroforming/electroplating bath and method |
GB2383337A (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-06-25 | Accentus Plc | Electroplating plant and method |
US6923252B2 (en) * | 2003-04-17 | 2005-08-02 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Borehole sounding device with sealed depth and water level sensors |
US20080169199A1 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-07-17 | Chang Gung University | Trivalent chromium electroplating solution and an electroplating process with the solution |
US20090211914A1 (en) * | 2008-02-21 | 2009-08-27 | Ching-An Huang | Trivalent Chromium Electroplating Solution and an Operational Method Thereof |
CN103088373A (zh) * | 2011-10-31 | 2013-05-08 | 肖云捷 | 一种电铸过程中防止烧焦的有效方法 |
CN103122470B (zh) * | 2011-11-17 | 2015-12-09 | 符士正 | 汽车铸铁模具镀液 |
US9752232B2 (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2017-09-05 | Dan Porodo | Method of electrolessly plating nickel on tubulars |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US644029A (en) * | 1899-08-28 | 1900-02-20 | Sherard O Cowper-Coles | Process of electrodeposition of metals. |
GB191325393A (en) * | 1913-11-06 | 1914-06-11 | Sherard Osborn Cowper-Coles | An Improved Process for Obtaining Adhesive Coatings of Copper upon Iron and Steel. |
US1750418A (en) * | 1928-12-05 | 1930-03-11 | Wadsworth Watch Case Co | Etching and decorating metal surfaces |
US2422242A (en) * | 1943-07-16 | 1947-06-17 | Wright Aeronautical Corp | Electroplating fixture |
US2784151A (en) * | 1955-03-25 | 1957-03-05 | Tiarco Corp | Electrodeposition |
US3014851A (en) * | 1959-06-05 | 1961-12-26 | Savage Plating & Anodizing Co | Process for plating a selective surface within a groove |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US499726A (en) * | 1893-06-20 | Production of alloys by electro-deposition | ||
US2031185A (en) * | 1936-02-18 | Positive screen image | ||
US485343A (en) * | 1892-11-01 | Method of and apparatus for electro-deposition of metals | ||
US1055327A (en) * | 1908-11-27 | 1913-03-11 | Carl Hering | Means for preventing corrosion of underground metallic structures. |
US1465034A (en) * | 1921-11-03 | 1923-08-14 | Frank L Antisell | Process for the electrolytic deposition of copper |
US2044431A (en) * | 1932-03-05 | 1936-06-16 | Anaconda Copper Mining Co | Method of electroplating metal |
GB401933A (en) * | 1933-02-21 | 1933-11-23 | Henderik Van Der Horst | A new or improved method of providing a hard wearing surface in the cylinder bores of internal combustion engines |
US2367314A (en) * | 1941-06-24 | 1945-01-16 | Western Electric Co | Electrolytic method of coating localized areas of articles |
DE924180C (de) * | 1942-07-03 | 1955-02-28 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | Einrichtung zum Entfernen von waehrend des Betriebes an Ventilkegeln, insbesondere an Auslassventilen von Brennkraftmaschinen, angesetzten Verunreinigungen |
US2508523A (en) * | 1946-09-11 | 1950-05-23 | Krebs & Co | Device for the protection of the cathodes of electrolytic cells |
DE1013938B (de) * | 1954-05-22 | 1957-08-14 | Schoch Hartchrom G M B H Geb | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum galvanischen Abscheiden von Metallueberzuegen, insbesondere zum Hartverchromen |
US3041257A (en) * | 1960-08-25 | 1962-06-26 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Chromium electroplating |
FR1288919A (fr) * | 1961-02-17 | 1962-03-30 | Coussinets Ste Indle | Procédé d'électroplacage sur une seule face |
-
0
- NL NL297569D patent/NL297569A/xx unknown
-
1963
- 1963-07-01 US US291986A patent/US3350287A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1963-07-01 US US291988A patent/US3415723A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1963-09-05 CH CH1098763A patent/CH479716A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1963-09-05 DE DE19631496894 patent/DE1496894A1/de active Pending
- 1963-09-05 CH CH1233068A patent/CH477561A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1963-09-05 CH CH1233168A patent/CH477562A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1963-09-05 CH CH1232968A patent/CH493644A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1963-09-06 GB GB35313/63A patent/GB1064295A/en not_active Expired
- 1963-09-06 SE SE09807/63A patent/SE339153B/xx unknown
- 1963-10-28 JP JP38057330A patent/JPS4820971B1/ja active Pending
- 1963-11-21 DE DE19631496895 patent/DE1496895A1/de active Pending
- 1963-12-04 CH CH1480563A patent/CH467868A/de unknown
-
1964
- 1964-02-19 SE SE2022/64A patent/SE310970B/xx unknown
- 1964-03-13 GB GB10696/64A patent/GB1063503A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-03-13 GB GB10695/64A patent/GB1063781A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-03-13 GB GB10693/64A patent/GB1064296A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-03-13 GB GB10698/64A patent/GB1063782A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-03-13 GB GB10697/64A patent/GB1064443A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-03-13 GB GB10694/64A patent/GB1064297A/en not_active Expired
-
1968
- 1968-05-01 US US725956A patent/US3573175A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1968-08-13 US US754105A patent/US3511758A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1968-12-23 US US786040A patent/US3477920A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1969
- 1969-05-01 US US821135A patent/US3702809A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US644029A (en) * | 1899-08-28 | 1900-02-20 | Sherard O Cowper-Coles | Process of electrodeposition of metals. |
GB191325393A (en) * | 1913-11-06 | 1914-06-11 | Sherard Osborn Cowper-Coles | An Improved Process for Obtaining Adhesive Coatings of Copper upon Iron and Steel. |
US1750418A (en) * | 1928-12-05 | 1930-03-11 | Wadsworth Watch Case Co | Etching and decorating metal surfaces |
US2422242A (en) * | 1943-07-16 | 1947-06-17 | Wright Aeronautical Corp | Electroplating fixture |
US2784151A (en) * | 1955-03-25 | 1957-03-05 | Tiarco Corp | Electrodeposition |
US3014851A (en) * | 1959-06-05 | 1961-12-26 | Savage Plating & Anodizing Co | Process for plating a selective surface within a groove |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3525676A (en) * | 1967-12-20 | 1970-08-25 | M & T Chemicals Inc | Corrosion inhibition |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1064443A (en) | 1967-04-05 |
CH493644A (de) | 1970-07-15 |
US3573175A (en) | 1971-03-30 |
CH477561A (de) | 1969-08-31 |
CH477562A (de) | 1969-08-31 |
CH467868A (de) | 1969-01-31 |
US3350287A (en) | 1967-10-31 |
GB1063782A (en) | 1967-03-30 |
GB1063503A (en) | 1967-03-30 |
CH479716A (de) | 1969-10-15 |
SE339153B (instruction) | 1971-09-27 |
NL297569A (instruction) | |
GB1064296A (en) | 1967-04-05 |
DE1496895A1 (de) | 1969-09-18 |
US3477920A (en) | 1969-11-11 |
US3511758A (en) | 1970-05-12 |
JPS4820971B1 (instruction) | 1973-06-25 |
US3702809A (en) | 1972-11-14 |
GB1064295A (en) | 1967-04-05 |
GB1063781A (en) | 1967-03-30 |
DE1496894A1 (de) | 1969-08-14 |
GB1064297A (en) | 1967-04-05 |
SE310970B (instruction) | 1969-05-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3415723A (en) | Method of stop-off of cathode pieces in chromium plating baths | |
DE2907875C2 (de) | Verfahren zum elektrolytischen Abtragen von Wolframcarbid-Überzügen auf Werkstücken aus Titan oder Titan-Legierungen | |
US3682796A (en) | Method for treating chromium-containing baths | |
US3977839A (en) | Coated metal article and method of coating | |
US2987453A (en) | Method of electrodepositing chromium | |
US2746915A (en) | Electrolytic metal treatment and article | |
US3649491A (en) | Electrolytic stripping composition | |
Furneaux et al. | An electronoptical study of the conversion coating formed on aluminium in a chromate/fluoride solution | |
DE1521799C3 (de) | Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Oberflächenrauhheit von Gegenständen aus Titan | |
DE69126656T2 (de) | Substrat mit verbesserter Oberflächemorphologie mittels schmelzflüssigen Spritzens | |
US1827204A (en) | Method of protecting metal surfaces | |
US1645927A (en) | Chromium plating | |
US1961752A (en) | Process of treating metal and alloy articles to improve the resistivity thereof to corrosion and to the product thereof | |
US2021592A (en) | Method of brightening metals electronegative to iron | |
US3412000A (en) | Cathodic protection of titanium surfaces | |
US1782092A (en) | Articles having tarnish-resisting surface and process of making same | |
US3445351A (en) | Process for plating metals | |
US4082620A (en) | Process for chromating metallic surfaces | |
US2092130A (en) | Anodic cleaning process | |
US4194929A (en) | Technique for passivating stainless steel | |
DE1521080A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Aufbringung von metallischen Oberflaechenschichten auf Werkstuecke aus Titan | |
US3390060A (en) | Wax stopoff composition and process | |
US2733563A (en) | Method of cleaning scaled and soiled | |
US3367852A (en) | Selected area hardcoating of aluminum | |
US2683687A (en) | Anodically polishing zinc surfaces |