Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
  • C10L1/1886—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof naphthenic acid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
  • C10L1/189—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof having at least one carboxyl group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
  • C10L1/231—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/24—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium
  • C10L1/2431—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium sulfur bond to oxygen, e.g. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10L1/2437—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfonamides, sulfosuccinic acid esters
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
  • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

• This invention relates to fuel oil compositions having improved combustion characteristics. More particularly, the invention relates to diesel fuels containing anti-smoke additives.
• additives of this kind may be, for example, salts of petroleum sulfonic acids, such as described in US. Patent 3,085,866, issued Apr. 16, 1963, to Gay et al. It is also known that the ignition properties of fuels can be improved by the addition of certain ignition accelerators such as some organic nitrates.
• the invention is directed to improved hydrocarbon fuels, such as diesel fuel mixtures, having low smoking tendencies, characterized in that they contain certain organic nitrates and a oil-soluble earth metal salt of an organic acid.
• the base fuel for use in accord with the invention may be any fuel oil, such as gas oil, distillate oil, or furnace oil, but is preferably an oil which boils in the kerosene and gas oil ranges.
• Preferred organic nitnates are substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or cycloalkyl nitrates having up to ten carbon atoms, preferably from four to ten carbon atoms.
• Especially preferred additives are esters of cycloaliphatic alcohols, such as cyclohexylnitrate, and esters of alkoxysubstituted aliphatic alcohols, such as l-methoxypropyl-Z nitrate.
• the preferred additive is cyclohexylnitrate.
• Examples of other useful compounds are isoamyl nitrate, 2- ethylhexyl nitrate, methylcyclohexyl nitrate, isopropylcyclohexyl nitrate, 1-ethoxypropyl-2-nitrate, l-isopropoxybutyl nitrate, and l-ethoxybutyl nitrate.
• Preferred alkaline earth metal salts of organic acids are salts of sulfonic, alkylsalicylic, and naphthenic acids.
• Sul- 3,415,632 Patented Dec. 10, 19 68 fonic acids may be alkylarylsulfonic acids, such as alkylsubstituted aromatic sulfonic acids, and petroleum sulfonic acids. In general, these acids contain less than 20 carbons per molecule.
• petroleum sulfonic acid includes such acids as are obtained by treatment of aromatic mineral oil fractions with sulfuric acid or S0
• Preferred sulfonic acid salts are alkaline earth metal salts having an excess of basicity, i.e., salts containing more than one equivalent of metal per sulfonic acid group.
• Preferred alkali metals are barium and calcium, especially barium.
• Preferred salts of alkylsalicylic acids have one to two alkyl groups, each containing from ten to twenty carbon atoms, preferably twelve to eighteen carbon atoms.
• basic salts are preferred, i.e., salts which contain more than one equivalent of metal per carboxyl group.
• naphthenic acid salts is intended to include alkaline earth metal salts of naphthenic acids which are obtained by refining petroleum fractions, such as lubricating oil distillates. Again, preference is given to basic salts, i.e., salts containing more than one equivalent of metal per acid group.
• the organic nitrate additive is used in amounts of 0.01 to 1% by weight of the total fuel composition. Preferred amounts are between 0.05% to 0.15% by weight of the additive. Amounts below the lower limit are usually insufficient for the purpose added, and amounts above the maximum specified amounts are generally unnecessary, although higher and lower amounts may be used.
• the amount of metal salt is generally used in amounts of from 0.01% to 0.2% by weight of metal based on the total fuel composition. Preferred fuels contain from 0.05% to 0.1% by weight of metal. If both additives are used within the range specified, a cooperative effect of the additives is obtained in reducing the amount of smoke emitted. Generally preferred ratios of nitrate to metal in the fuel are from about 1 to about 25.
• (C) Base fuel +01% by weight of cyclohexyl nitrate and 0.25% by weight of a concentrate in oil to 22.5% by weight of barium of a 1300% basic barium salt of petroleum sulfonic acids having a molecular weight of 450.
• the diesel engine was a 200 H.P. 6-cylinder 4-stroke direct-injection engine, type 4F, bore 123 mm., stroke mm., swept volume 10 liters, compression ratio 1:17,
• the maximum engine speed was 2400 rpm. During the tests the engine was run at a speed of 2200 rpm, corresponding to an output of 190 H.P.
• the exhaust gases were determined in 21 Bosch Smoke tester in which 330 ml. of exhaust gas were passed through a paper filter. The amount of smoke emitted is expressed as the Percentage of blackening appearing on the filter paper.
• Smoke emission expressed in percent light absorption Fuel 60 lb./ 90 lb sq. in. sq. in. b.m.e.p. b.m.e.p.
• Base fuel 23 70 Base fuel+0.05% w. cyclohexyl nitrate 24. 5 69 Base fuel+0.l% w. cyclohexyl nitrate 23. 5 70 Base fuel+0.25% w. barium salt concentrate 22 47. 5 Base fuel+0.05% w. cyclohexyl nitrate+0.25%

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Centrifugal Separators (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=3572148

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

Cited By (5)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (1)

• 1965
  • 1965-06-04 AT AT512165A patent/AT256299B/de active
• 1966
  • 1966-01-28 BE BE675745D patent/BE675745A/xx unknown
  • 1966-05-31 US US553677A patent/US3415632A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1966-06-02 DK DK284166AA patent/DK119947B/da unknown
  • 1966-06-02 CH CH799766A patent/CH487236A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1966-06-02 NO NO163286A patent/NO116611B/no unknown
  • 1966-06-02 NL NL666607634A patent/NL147471B/xx unknown
  • 1966-06-02 GB GB24661/66A patent/GB1123726A/en not_active Expired
  • 1966-06-02 DE DEP1267A patent/DE1267468B/de active Pending
  • 1966-06-02 SE SE07559/66A patent/SE334260B/xx unknown

Patent Citations (4)

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