CA1255908A - Diesel fuel containing rare earth metal and oxygenated compounds - Google Patents
Diesel fuel containing rare earth metal and oxygenated compoundsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1255908A CA1255908A CA000476595A CA476595A CA1255908A CA 1255908 A CA1255908 A CA 1255908A CA 000476595 A CA000476595 A CA 000476595A CA 476595 A CA476595 A CA 476595A CA 1255908 A CA1255908 A CA 1255908A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- diethylene glycol
- ether
- diesel
- diesel fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The invention relates to a fuel additive concentrate comprising a major amount of a cerium salt of an acid selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids and cycloalkyl carboxylic acids having from 3 to 25 carbon atoms, and a monoalkyl or dialkyl ether of diethylene glycol or a derivative thereof having from about 5 to 16 carbon atoms and a minor amount of a diesel fuel composition boiling in the range of about 350°F
(175°C) to 750°F (400°C). When added to a diesel fuel, the additive has been found to reduce particulate emissions from an engine using the fuel.
The invention relates to a fuel additive concentrate comprising a major amount of a cerium salt of an acid selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids and cycloalkyl carboxylic acids having from 3 to 25 carbon atoms, and a monoalkyl or dialkyl ether of diethylene glycol or a derivative thereof having from about 5 to 16 carbon atoms and a minor amount of a diesel fuel composition boiling in the range of about 350°F
(175°C) to 750°F (400°C). When added to a diesel fuel, the additive has been found to reduce particulate emissions from an engine using the fuel.
Description
~L25S908 ,, .
DIESEL FUEL CONTAINING RARE EARTH METAL
AND OXYGENATED COMPOUNDS
(D#77,932 -F) BACKGROUND OF THE INVEMTION
. _ _ This invention relates to a process of reducing exhaust emissions of diesel fueled internal combustion engines, and more particularly to the use of rare earth metal compounds to reduce the amount of particulates in diesel engine exhaust emissions.
Diesel fueled internal combustion engines give off particulates in the exhaust which may be harmful pollutents.
These particulates are both particules seen as visible smoke and also are those particles which are invisible but still present in the die~el exhaust. The Federal Environmental .P~otection Agency has recently deteLmined that diesel powered automobile~ emit unacceptably high level~ o~ air pollu~ion and the levels o~ par~iculate emiqsions must be reduced to about 0.2 gram per mile by 1985. Presently most diesel engines used in automobiles will probahly exceed this limit.
Various additives have been suggested for use in diesel fuels to reduce particulate emissions. U.S. Patents ~os. 2, 926,454; 3,410,670; 3,413,102; 3,539,312 and 3,499,742 are representatlve patents which show smoke suppressants which are commonly employed in or added to the diesel fuel oils. In general, the previously used most common smoke suppressants employed an organic compound o barium. Calcium compounds have also been proposed to replace the barium materials previously suggested because of the possibiliky of the toxicity of the barium.
Coassigned U.S. Patent No. 4,207,078 sets forth a reduction in soot and visible particulate matters from the exhaust of diesel fueled engines by incorporating within the 255~
602~8-2741 diesel fuel an additive consisting of a mlxture of an oxygenated compound and an alkyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl.
Coassigned U.S. Patent No. 4,222,746 sets forth the addition of wax oxidates to diesel fuel along with a fuel soluble organometallic compound such as alkyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl complex salts. The combined effect of these two additives reduces the soot and visible particulates emitted from the exhaust of diesel fueled internal combustion engines.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is now been found that the addition of a diesel fuel soluble compound of a rare earth metal, specifically cerium, and an oxygenated compound, specifically a monoalkyl or dialkyl ether of diethylene glycol or a derivative thereof having from about 5 to 16 carbon atoms, to a diesel fuel reduces the grams per mile of particulates produced b~ a diesel englne using this fuel, as defined by the EPA, to a much larger degree than the reduction in particulates which occurs by the addition o$ an equal amount of either of the two additives alone. The synergistic effect of the two additives dramatically reduces particulate emissions in diesel fueled internal combustion engines.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a diesel fuel comprising a hydrocarbon based diesel fuel composition boiling in the range of about 350 (175C~ to 750F ~400C), and containing a particulate suppressing mixture of between about 0.001 and about 0.1% by weight of a cerium salt of an acid selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid~ and , .
. .
60288-27~1 cycloalkyl carboxylic acids having from 3 to 25 carbon atoms, and a monoalkyl or dialkyl ether of diethylene glycol or a derivative thereof having from about 5 to 16 carbon atoms providing from about 0.0025 to 1.5 by weight percent of oxygen in said diesel fuel.
Aecording ~o a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a fuel additive concentrate comprising a major amount of a cerium salt of an acid selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids and cycloalkyl carboxylic acids having from 3 ~o 25 carbon atoms, and a monoalkyl or dialkyl ether of diethylene glycol or a derivative thereof having from about 5 to 16 carbon atoms and a minor amount of a diesel ~uel composition boillng in the range of about 350F (175C) to 750F (400C).
R~cordincJ to another aspect o~ the pre~ent :lnvention there is provided a method of reducing the par~iculate emiss~on properties of a diesel fueled engine comprising the step of adding the fuel concentrate defined above to a diesel fuel comprising a hyd~ocarbon based composition boiling in the range of between about 350F (175C) and 750 E (400C).
PR~FERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the lnvention, a diesel fuel is modlfied by mixing therewith the oxyyenated compound and the diesel fuel soluble compound of cerium. The oxygenated compounds include alkylCarbitols* having from about 5 to about 16 carbon atoms such as n-hexylcarbitol or diethylene glycol monohexyl ether. The oxygenated compound is added to the diesel fuel to provide * Trade Mark 3 ~55~
from about 0.0025 to about 1.5 weight percent, and preferably from about 0.0025 to about 1% by weight of oxygen in the diesel fuel.
Presently the most preferred oxygenated compound is a monoalkyl ether of diethylene glycol, the most preferred being diethylene glycol monohexyl ether.
The ~uantity of the rare earth metal present in the diesel fuel can vary from about 0.001 to about 0.10 percent by weight of the diesel fuel. Preferably the quantity of the rare earth metal varies from about 0.001 to about 0.05 percent by weight of rare earth metal in the diesel fuel. The diesel fuel soluble rare earth metal is a salt of an alkyl carboxylic acid, or cycloalkyl carboY.ylic acid. A preferred additive is cerium octoate.
The invention also comprises a fuel addiklve concent~atq as defined ahove. 'rhis fuel concentrate can be added to a diesel fuel composition boiling in the range of about 350F (175C) to 750F (400C) to reduce the particulate emission properties of the diesel fuel. Preferably the fuel concentrate contains from about 1% to 50% by w`eight of the cerium compound, whose composition is given in the previous paragraphs. Further the fuel concentrate preferably contains from about 10% to about ~0% by weight of the oxygenated compound whose composition is given above.
Whenever the expression "dlesel fuel" is employed in the description and claims, it is to be understood that this term desiynates the hydrocarbon fraction which distills after kerosene.
Its property requirements are those given on pages 11-37 of the "Petroleum Process Handbook", 1967 edition. Generally, the diesel fuel will comprise a mixture of hydrocarbons boiling in the range `:
~55~
from about 350 to about 700F.
The following examples are set forth as illustrative of the present inventlon and are not meant to limited i~ in any way.
EXAMPLE I tCOMPARATIV~ L
In order to measure the particulate emissions o~ a representative diesel fuel mi~ture, a base fuel was used which was similar to that sold for use in passenger car diesel engines. The base fuel was used to operative a 1980 Oldsmobile containlng a 5.7 liter diesel engine which was equipped with a EGR system. The vehicle was operated through two driving cycles on a chassis dynamometer. In the first cycle, the vehicle was operated for a time to warm up and then drlven through a series of accelerations interspersed wlth idle periods. This cycle encompassed about 3.6 miles of drivlng in 4a ~..
..~
- ~%55~
about 500 seconds. The highest vehicle speed in this cycle was about 57 miles per hours. In the second cycle, the vehicle covered about 4 miles during about 900 seconds of operation, vehicle speed during this phase was rarely above 30 miles per hour. A small percentage of the total exhaust gases produced during the run was withdrawn and passed through a fiber glass filter disc. The filter was then weighed and the weight of the particulates was recorded. This test closely follows the ederal test procedure, hot start.
The base fuel produced about 0.347 gram per mile of particulates. When about 2% by weight of n-hexylcarbitol was added to the base fuel and the two driving cycles repeated, the particulate emissions rose to about 0.376 gram per mile which was an incxease of about 8~.
EXAMPLE II
A second emission test was conducted on the same base ~uel as was used as in Example I, ln the same 1980 Oldsmobile.
Particulate emissions during thi~ run was about 0~424 gram per mile.
When about 0.083% by weight of cerium octoate which contained about 12% by weight cerium was added to the base fuel, the particulate emissions during the same test dropped to about 0.372 gram per mile which was a decrease of about 12%.
When 0.083% by weight of the cerium octoate and about
DIESEL FUEL CONTAINING RARE EARTH METAL
AND OXYGENATED COMPOUNDS
(D#77,932 -F) BACKGROUND OF THE INVEMTION
. _ _ This invention relates to a process of reducing exhaust emissions of diesel fueled internal combustion engines, and more particularly to the use of rare earth metal compounds to reduce the amount of particulates in diesel engine exhaust emissions.
Diesel fueled internal combustion engines give off particulates in the exhaust which may be harmful pollutents.
These particulates are both particules seen as visible smoke and also are those particles which are invisible but still present in the die~el exhaust. The Federal Environmental .P~otection Agency has recently deteLmined that diesel powered automobile~ emit unacceptably high level~ o~ air pollu~ion and the levels o~ par~iculate emiqsions must be reduced to about 0.2 gram per mile by 1985. Presently most diesel engines used in automobiles will probahly exceed this limit.
Various additives have been suggested for use in diesel fuels to reduce particulate emissions. U.S. Patents ~os. 2, 926,454; 3,410,670; 3,413,102; 3,539,312 and 3,499,742 are representatlve patents which show smoke suppressants which are commonly employed in or added to the diesel fuel oils. In general, the previously used most common smoke suppressants employed an organic compound o barium. Calcium compounds have also been proposed to replace the barium materials previously suggested because of the possibiliky of the toxicity of the barium.
Coassigned U.S. Patent No. 4,207,078 sets forth a reduction in soot and visible particulate matters from the exhaust of diesel fueled engines by incorporating within the 255~
602~8-2741 diesel fuel an additive consisting of a mlxture of an oxygenated compound and an alkyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl.
Coassigned U.S. Patent No. 4,222,746 sets forth the addition of wax oxidates to diesel fuel along with a fuel soluble organometallic compound such as alkyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl complex salts. The combined effect of these two additives reduces the soot and visible particulates emitted from the exhaust of diesel fueled internal combustion engines.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is now been found that the addition of a diesel fuel soluble compound of a rare earth metal, specifically cerium, and an oxygenated compound, specifically a monoalkyl or dialkyl ether of diethylene glycol or a derivative thereof having from about 5 to 16 carbon atoms, to a diesel fuel reduces the grams per mile of particulates produced b~ a diesel englne using this fuel, as defined by the EPA, to a much larger degree than the reduction in particulates which occurs by the addition o$ an equal amount of either of the two additives alone. The synergistic effect of the two additives dramatically reduces particulate emissions in diesel fueled internal combustion engines.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a diesel fuel comprising a hydrocarbon based diesel fuel composition boiling in the range of about 350 (175C~ to 750F ~400C), and containing a particulate suppressing mixture of between about 0.001 and about 0.1% by weight of a cerium salt of an acid selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid~ and , .
. .
60288-27~1 cycloalkyl carboxylic acids having from 3 to 25 carbon atoms, and a monoalkyl or dialkyl ether of diethylene glycol or a derivative thereof having from about 5 to 16 carbon atoms providing from about 0.0025 to 1.5 by weight percent of oxygen in said diesel fuel.
Aecording ~o a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a fuel additive concentrate comprising a major amount of a cerium salt of an acid selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids and cycloalkyl carboxylic acids having from 3 ~o 25 carbon atoms, and a monoalkyl or dialkyl ether of diethylene glycol or a derivative thereof having from about 5 to 16 carbon atoms and a minor amount of a diesel ~uel composition boillng in the range of about 350F (175C) to 750F (400C).
R~cordincJ to another aspect o~ the pre~ent :lnvention there is provided a method of reducing the par~iculate emiss~on properties of a diesel fueled engine comprising the step of adding the fuel concentrate defined above to a diesel fuel comprising a hyd~ocarbon based composition boiling in the range of between about 350F (175C) and 750 E (400C).
PR~FERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the lnvention, a diesel fuel is modlfied by mixing therewith the oxyyenated compound and the diesel fuel soluble compound of cerium. The oxygenated compounds include alkylCarbitols* having from about 5 to about 16 carbon atoms such as n-hexylcarbitol or diethylene glycol monohexyl ether. The oxygenated compound is added to the diesel fuel to provide * Trade Mark 3 ~55~
from about 0.0025 to about 1.5 weight percent, and preferably from about 0.0025 to about 1% by weight of oxygen in the diesel fuel.
Presently the most preferred oxygenated compound is a monoalkyl ether of diethylene glycol, the most preferred being diethylene glycol monohexyl ether.
The ~uantity of the rare earth metal present in the diesel fuel can vary from about 0.001 to about 0.10 percent by weight of the diesel fuel. Preferably the quantity of the rare earth metal varies from about 0.001 to about 0.05 percent by weight of rare earth metal in the diesel fuel. The diesel fuel soluble rare earth metal is a salt of an alkyl carboxylic acid, or cycloalkyl carboY.ylic acid. A preferred additive is cerium octoate.
The invention also comprises a fuel addiklve concent~atq as defined ahove. 'rhis fuel concentrate can be added to a diesel fuel composition boiling in the range of about 350F (175C) to 750F (400C) to reduce the particulate emission properties of the diesel fuel. Preferably the fuel concentrate contains from about 1% to 50% by w`eight of the cerium compound, whose composition is given in the previous paragraphs. Further the fuel concentrate preferably contains from about 10% to about ~0% by weight of the oxygenated compound whose composition is given above.
Whenever the expression "dlesel fuel" is employed in the description and claims, it is to be understood that this term desiynates the hydrocarbon fraction which distills after kerosene.
Its property requirements are those given on pages 11-37 of the "Petroleum Process Handbook", 1967 edition. Generally, the diesel fuel will comprise a mixture of hydrocarbons boiling in the range `:
~55~
from about 350 to about 700F.
The following examples are set forth as illustrative of the present inventlon and are not meant to limited i~ in any way.
EXAMPLE I tCOMPARATIV~ L
In order to measure the particulate emissions o~ a representative diesel fuel mi~ture, a base fuel was used which was similar to that sold for use in passenger car diesel engines. The base fuel was used to operative a 1980 Oldsmobile containlng a 5.7 liter diesel engine which was equipped with a EGR system. The vehicle was operated through two driving cycles on a chassis dynamometer. In the first cycle, the vehicle was operated for a time to warm up and then drlven through a series of accelerations interspersed wlth idle periods. This cycle encompassed about 3.6 miles of drivlng in 4a ~..
..~
- ~%55~
about 500 seconds. The highest vehicle speed in this cycle was about 57 miles per hours. In the second cycle, the vehicle covered about 4 miles during about 900 seconds of operation, vehicle speed during this phase was rarely above 30 miles per hour. A small percentage of the total exhaust gases produced during the run was withdrawn and passed through a fiber glass filter disc. The filter was then weighed and the weight of the particulates was recorded. This test closely follows the ederal test procedure, hot start.
The base fuel produced about 0.347 gram per mile of particulates. When about 2% by weight of n-hexylcarbitol was added to the base fuel and the two driving cycles repeated, the particulate emissions rose to about 0.376 gram per mile which was an incxease of about 8~.
EXAMPLE II
A second emission test was conducted on the same base ~uel as was used as in Example I, ln the same 1980 Oldsmobile.
Particulate emissions during thi~ run was about 0~424 gram per mile.
When about 0.083% by weight of cerium octoate which contained about 12% by weight cerium was added to the base fuel, the particulate emissions during the same test dropped to about 0.372 gram per mile which was a decrease of about 12%.
When 0.083% by weight of the cerium octoate and about
2~ by weight of the n-hexylcarbi'tol were added to the base fuel, the particulate emissions dropped to about 0.329 gram per mile which was a 22~ decrease in particulate emissions as compared to the base fuel containing no additives designed to reduce particulate emissions. Such a large decrease in particulate emissions shows a synergistic effect of the cerium octoate and n-hexylcarbitol in the reduction of particulate emissions. This is surprising since the n-hexylcarbitol ~25~igoæ
60288-~741 increased particulate emissions by 8~ and the cerium octoate alone only decreased partlculate emissions by 12~.
E~AMPLE III
A base diesel fuel similar to that of Example I was tested for particulate emissions as in Example I. The particulate emissions was about 0.385 gram per mile. When about 0.083 weigh~
percent of cerium octoate and about 0.1 percent by weight n-hexylcarbitol were added to the base fuel, particula~e emissions dropped to about 0.330 gram per mile, which was a decrease of about 14%. This shows that larger quantitles of the oxygen containing compound improve the results obtained by the m:Lxture of additlves whlch is surprisincl in vlew of Example I, where it was ~hown that an oxygenated compound alone ralses the particulate eml~sion~.
The above exampleY are for lllustrative purposes only and one skilled in the art can effect variations and modifications to the above without going outside the scope of the present invention as set forth in the following claims.
60288-~741 increased particulate emissions by 8~ and the cerium octoate alone only decreased partlculate emissions by 12~.
E~AMPLE III
A base diesel fuel similar to that of Example I was tested for particulate emissions as in Example I. The particulate emissions was about 0.385 gram per mile. When about 0.083 weigh~
percent of cerium octoate and about 0.1 percent by weight n-hexylcarbitol were added to the base fuel, particula~e emissions dropped to about 0.330 gram per mile, which was a decrease of about 14%. This shows that larger quantitles of the oxygen containing compound improve the results obtained by the m:Lxture of additlves whlch is surprisincl in vlew of Example I, where it was ~hown that an oxygenated compound alone ralses the particulate eml~sion~.
The above exampleY are for lllustrative purposes only and one skilled in the art can effect variations and modifications to the above without going outside the scope of the present invention as set forth in the following claims.
Claims (12)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A diesel fuel comprising a hydrocarbon based diesel fuel composition boiling in the range of about 350° (175°C) to 750°F
(400°C), and containing a particulate suppressing mixture of between about 0.001 and about 0.1% by weight of a cerium salt of an acid selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids and cycloalkyl carboxylic acids having from 3 to 25 carbon atoms, and a monoalkyl or dialkyl ether of diethylene glycol or a derivative thereof having from about 5 to 16 carbon atoms providing from about 0.0025 to 1.5 by weight percent of oxygen in said diesel fuel.
(400°C), and containing a particulate suppressing mixture of between about 0.001 and about 0.1% by weight of a cerium salt of an acid selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids and cycloalkyl carboxylic acids having from 3 to 25 carbon atoms, and a monoalkyl or dialkyl ether of diethylene glycol or a derivative thereof having from about 5 to 16 carbon atoms providing from about 0.0025 to 1.5 by weight percent of oxygen in said diesel fuel.
2. The fuel of claim 1, wherein said rare earth metal compound comprises cerium octoate.
3. The fuel of claim 1, wherein said ether of diethylene glycol is diethyleneglycol monohexyl ether.
4. A method for reducing exhaust particulates in the smoke of a diesel engine which comprises supplying to and burning in said engine, a composition as defined in claim 1.
5. The diesel fuel of claim 1 comprising a hydrocarbon based diesel fuel composition boiling in a range of 350°F (175°C) to 700°F (400°C).
6. The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein said cerium salt is present in the amount between 0.001 and about 0.05% by weight of said fuel and said ether of diethylene glycol provides from about 0.0025 to about 1% by weight of oxygen in said diesel fuel.
7. The fuel of claim 5 wherein said cerium compound comprises cerium octoate and said ether of diethylene glycol is diethylene glycol monohexyl ether.
8. A fuel additive concentrate comprising a major amount of a cerium salt of an acid selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids and cycloalkyl carboxylic acids having from 3 to 25 carbon atoms, and a monoalkyl or dialkyl ether of diethylene glycol or a derivative thereof having from about 5 to 16 carbon atoms and a minor amount of a diesel fuel composition boiling in the range of about 350°F (175°C) to 750°F (400°C).
9. The fuel concentrate of claim 8 wherein said cerium salt comprises from about 1% to about 50% by weight of said concentrate.
10. The fuel concentrate of claim 8 wherein said ether of diethylene glycol comprises from about 10% to about 80% by weight of said fuel concentrate.
11. The fuel concentrate of claim 8 wherein said ether of diethylene glycol is diethylene glycol monohexyl ether.
12. A method of reducing the particulate emission properties of a diesel fueled engine comprising the step of adding the fuel concentrate of claim 8 to a diesel fuel comprising a hydrocarbon based composition boiling in the range of between about 350°F
(175°C) and 750°F (400°C).
(175°C) and 750°F (400°C).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000476595A CA1255908A (en) | 1985-03-15 | 1985-03-15 | Diesel fuel containing rare earth metal and oxygenated compounds |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000476595A CA1255908A (en) | 1985-03-15 | 1985-03-15 | Diesel fuel containing rare earth metal and oxygenated compounds |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1255908A true CA1255908A (en) | 1989-06-20 |
Family
ID=4130034
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000476595A Expired CA1255908A (en) | 1985-03-15 | 1985-03-15 | Diesel fuel containing rare earth metal and oxygenated compounds |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1255908A (en) |
-
1985
- 1985-03-15 CA CA000476595A patent/CA1255908A/en not_active Expired
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4522631A (en) | Diesel fuel containing rare earth metal and oxygenated compounds | |
| US4207078A (en) | Diesel fuel containing manganese tricarbonyl and oxygenated compounds | |
| US4222746A (en) | Diesel fuel containing wax oxidates to reduce particulate emissions | |
| US4378973A (en) | Diesel fuel containing cyclohexane, and oxygenated compounds | |
| US4185594A (en) | Diesel fuel compositions having anti-wear properties | |
| EP0303862B1 (en) | Additive composition | |
| US4891049A (en) | Hydrocarbon fuel composition containing carbonate additive | |
| US4904279A (en) | Hydrocarbon fuel composition containing carbonate additive | |
| US4265639A (en) | Combustion catalysts | |
| US5004480A (en) | Air pollution reduction | |
| US3563715A (en) | Motor fuels | |
| US4240801A (en) | Diesel fuel composition | |
| EP0255115B1 (en) | Gasoline additive composition | |
| CA1137316A (en) | Tertiary diamine in hydrocarbon fuels | |
| US4227889A (en) | Compression ignition fuels for use in diesel engine having anti-wear properties | |
| US4198931A (en) | Diesel fuel | |
| CA1305607C (en) | Fuel additives and fuel containing soluble platinum group metal compounds anduse in internal combustion engines | |
| CA1255908A (en) | Diesel fuel containing rare earth metal and oxygenated compounds | |
| Miller | Diesel smoke suppression by fuel additive treatment | |
| US4376636A (en) | Fuel additive | |
| US20090013588A1 (en) | Iron-containing fuel additive for reducing particulates generated during combustion | |
| US3415632A (en) | Fuel oil compositions | |
| US3013869A (en) | Hydrocarbon-soluble alkali metal compositions | |
| US3758282A (en) | Fuel compositions | |
| JP3141668B2 (en) | Light oil composition |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |