US3368891A - Process for the manufacture of photographic material containing oxidized polysaccharides - Google Patents

Process for the manufacture of photographic material containing oxidized polysaccharides Download PDF

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Publication number
US3368891A
US3368891A US350686A US35068664A US3368891A US 3368891 A US3368891 A US 3368891A US 350686 A US350686 A US 350686A US 35068664 A US35068664 A US 35068664A US 3368891 A US3368891 A US 3368891A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
layer
pigment
photographic material
pigment layer
manufacture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US350686A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jean Lucien Laenen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gevaert Photo Producten NV
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Gevaert Photo Producten NV
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3368891A publication Critical patent/US3368891A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C8/00—Diffusion transfer processes or agents therefor; Photosensitive materials for such processes
    • G03C8/42—Structural details
    • G03C8/52—Bases or auxiliary layers; Substances therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/775—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers the base being of paper
    • G03C1/79—Macromolecular coatings or impregnations therefor, e.g. varnishes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/142—Inert intermediate layers

Definitions

  • the pigment layer contains as a binding agent an alkali or ammonium salt of casein or soybean protein and is hardened by means of a polysaccharide which has at least some, preferably 50-100%, of its secondary alcohol groups converted into aldehyde groups, or water-soluble derivatives of such polysaccharides.
  • Photographic paper is generally composed of the following layers.
  • a so-called pigment layer usually coated from a dispersion of a pigment such as barium sulfate, titanium dioxide, etc., in a hydrophilic or hydrophobic colloid as binding agent,
  • the actual image-layer which may be a light-sensitive layer or a layer containing development nuclei wherein an image can be formed according to the silver complex diffusion transfer process.
  • all pigments applied in the paper industry for sized paper may be used for the pigment layer with the proviso, however, that said pigments do not adversely affect the light-sensitive layer or the development nuclei.
  • the photographic paper may still comprise other layers, e.g., a subbing layer improving the adhesion of the light-sensitive layer to the pigment layer containing a hydrophobic binding agent, a filter layer, etc.
  • light-sensitive layer used in the description and the claims is meant not only light-sensitive layers on the basis of silver halides or other light-sensitive compounds but also layers containing photoconductive pigments for use in electrophotography.
  • the properties of the photographic material are dependent on the quality of the light-sensitive layer or of the layer containing development nuclei, of the pigment layer and of the paper support.
  • the physical irregularities of the surface of the pigment layer are reproduced in the light-sensitive layer and after processing said irregular ities, often enlarged, can be observed in the light-sensitive layer since they prevent to obtain a light-sensitive layer of uniform thickness. Therefore the surface of the pigment layer should be as uniform as possible in view of obtaining a product of maximum quality.
  • hydrophilic binding agent for the pigment layer is generally used gelatin in the presence of formaldehyde.
  • formaldehyde for preventing the aqueous gelatin solution from penetrating too strongly into the paper support the gelatin is gelled by cooling which also facilitates the further treatment of the sized paper support.
  • gelatin hardened by means of formaldehyde however, entails some disadvantages on the pigment layer among others:
  • the process according to the invention for the manufacture of photographic material comprising a paper support and a pigment layer applied thereto, is characterized in that said pigment layer is formed from a suspension of a pigment in an aqueous solution of an alkali or ammonium salt of casein or of soybean protein to which anaqueous solution of an oxidized polysaccharide or of a water-soluble derivative of an oxidized polysaccharide has been added.
  • .oxidized polysacharides stands for oxidized polysaccharides as well as for their water-soluble derivatives.
  • the oxidized polysaccharides are obtained by treating polysaccharides With an aqueous solution of a periodate such an sodium periodate. By this treatment the secondary alcohol groups of the pyranose units of the polysaccharide are at least partially converted into aldehyde groups. Best results are obtained when from 50 to of the secondary alcohol groups are converted into aldehyde groups.
  • Polysaccharides which are especially suited for being oxidized and used according to the present invention are; starch, watersolu ble polysaccharides such as carboxymethyl cellulose, water-soluble methyl cellulose, watersoluble derivatives of starch, polysaccharides the dialdehyde derivatives of which are water-soluble such as amylopectine, further alginic acid and salts thereof, pectic acid and salt thereof, gum arabic and xylan.
  • the hardening action of the oxidized polysaccharide upon the alkali or ammonium salt of casein or of soybean protein increases with the concentration of oxidized polysaccharide and with the number of aldehyde groups present in its macromolecule.
  • the amount 'of oxidized polysaccharide added depends on the hardening degree. desired; it lies, however, generally between 0.5 and 50% by weight and preferably between 1 and 7% by weight relative to the amount of dry alkali or ammonium salt of casein or of soybean protein.
  • the amount of alkali or ammonium salt itself lies between 5 and 50%, preferably between 6 and 10% by weight relative to the amount of dry pigment.
  • photographically inert pigment barium sulphate is preferably used although titanium oxide and other inert pigments are also suited.
  • the suspension of pigment in alkali or ammonium salt 0 of casein or of soybean protein, together with oxidized polysaccharide is coated onto the paper web in such a way that after uniformly spreading out and drying from 10 to 3 60 g. per sq. m. of dry substance is present. Occasionally the amount of dry substance may fall outside these limits.
  • the pigment suspension may be applied as a layer to the paper support by means of an air knife, brushes or any other spreading machine.
  • the pigment layer according to the invention may successfully be coated upon paper supports destined for the manufacture of photographic paper.
  • Onto said pigment layer one or more light-sensitive photographic layers may be coated, for instance one or more light-sensitive gelatino silver halide emulsion layers.
  • the pigment layer described above may also be successfully applied in photographic papers destined for electrophotographic applications. In that case the pigment layer or a layer applied thereto should contain photoconductive substances of use in electrophotography.
  • the pigment layer may further be applied in non-light-sensitive photographic paper, for instance in the positive image-receiving material destined for producing images according to the silver complex diffusion transfer process.
  • Example I To a paper web a pigment layer is applied from the following composition according to known methods:
  • the dialdehyde amylopectin was obtained by oxidation into aldehyde groups of 55% of the secondary alcohol groups of the amylopectin.
  • Example 3 To a paper web a pigment layer is applied from the following composition according to known methods;
  • the dialdehyde starch was obtained by oxidation of 78% of the secondary alcohol groups of starch.
  • the smoothness of the surface and the hardening are favourably influenced by calendering at elevated temperatures for instance at 60 C.
  • a process for manufacturing photographic material comprising a paper support and a pigment layer carried on said support, the improvement which comprises forming said pigment layer from a suspension of a pigment in an aqueous solution of an alkali or ammonium salt of casein or soybean protein, said aqueous solution having incorporated therein a polysaccharide having the secondary alcohol groups thereof at least partially converted into aldehyde groups or a water-soluble derivative of said aldehyde-modified polysaccharide.
  • aldehyde-modified polysaccharide is dialdehyde amylopectin.
  • Photographic material according to claim 1 wherein at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer is applied to the pigment layer.
  • Photographic material obtained according to claim 1 for use in electrophotography wherein a layer selected from said pigment layer and a layer applied thereto contains photoconductive pigments.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
US350686A 1963-03-12 1964-03-10 Process for the manufacture of photographic material containing oxidized polysaccharides Expired - Lifetime US3368891A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE629458 1963-03-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3368891A true US3368891A (en) 1968-02-13

Family

ID=3845449

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US350686A Expired - Lifetime US3368891A (en) 1963-03-12 1964-03-10 Process for the manufacture of photographic material containing oxidized polysaccharides

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3368891A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE629458A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1447688A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1040376A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4542093A (en) * 1983-07-26 1985-09-17 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Photographic silverhalide material containing two subbing layers
US5254450A (en) * 1992-12-09 1993-10-19 Eastman Kodak Company Hydrophobically substituted amylose starch-sized photographic paper support and photographic element containing same

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB891221A (en) * 1957-04-08 1962-03-14 Gevaert Photo Production N V Improvements in or relating to the production of hardened gelatin layers in materials for photographic purposes

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB891221A (en) * 1957-04-08 1962-03-14 Gevaert Photo Production N V Improvements in or relating to the production of hardened gelatin layers in materials for photographic purposes

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4542093A (en) * 1983-07-26 1985-09-17 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Photographic silverhalide material containing two subbing layers
US5254450A (en) * 1992-12-09 1993-10-19 Eastman Kodak Company Hydrophobically substituted amylose starch-sized photographic paper support and photographic element containing same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE629458A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE1447688A1 (de) 1969-01-23
GB1040376A (en) 1966-08-24

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