US3365873A - Method of treating a composite filament - Google Patents

Method of treating a composite filament Download PDF

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Publication number
US3365873A
US3365873A US474773A US47477365A US3365873A US 3365873 A US3365873 A US 3365873A US 474773 A US474773 A US 474773A US 47477365 A US47477365 A US 47477365A US 3365873 A US3365873 A US 3365873A
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United States
Prior art keywords
filament
filaments
length
twist
composite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US474773A
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English (en)
Inventor
Toyokazu Matsumoto
Masao Matsui
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Kanebo Ltd
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Kanebo Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/12—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyamide as constituent
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
    • D02G1/0286—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist characterised by the use of certain filaments, fibres or yarns
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/26—Composite fibers made of two or more materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S57/00—Textiles: spinning, twisting, and twining
    • Y10S57/905—Bicomponent material

Definitions

  • FIG. 1 A first figure.
  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing knitted fabrics, and more specifically, to a method of manufacturing knitted fabrics having an excellcnt stretchability and an even surface appearance, which consists of imparting a twist or a false-twist to a composite filament comprising two adherent different components of synthetic thermoplastic linear polymer with different shrinkabilities disposed in a side-by-side or eccentric sheath-core relation with respect to each other in the cross-section of the filament and knitting fabrics from said filament.
  • stretchable knitted fabrics are obained by the use of crimped filaments.
  • knitted fabrics having a high stretchability may be obtained also by the steps: first manufacturing knitted fabric with fibers having potential crimpability and thereafter developing crimps in the fibers in said knitted fabric.
  • socalled composite filaments may be used.
  • the composite filament is obtained by simultaneously, spinning through an orifice, two different polymers having different shrinkabilities. This filament develops crimps by the application of a suitable after-treatment, for instance, a swelling or heating treatment.
  • the present invention is characterized in that the composite filaments to be used are given a twist or a false-twist to such extent that the conjugate phase relative to the length of filaments necessary for forming a unit stitch (hereinafter to be referred to as unit stitch length) may be turned by at least 20 degrees, in average, and preferably 30 degrees or more around the axis of the filamen, before the filaments are knit into fabrics.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a composite filament
  • FIG. 2 shows a composite filament in crimpcd state
  • FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of a twisted composite filament
  • FIG. 4 is another side elevational view of a twisted composite filament.
  • conjugate phase hereinabovc used means the direction in which the two components forming a filamentare disposed.
  • the straight line P-Q represents the boundmy line formed by the two components A and B.
  • the direction of the said boundary line perpendicular to the axis of the filament is called the conjugate phase.
  • the conjugate phases of various types of two-component filaments. in which the two components are eccentrically disposed may be defined.
  • the filament When the shrinkability of the component B is greater than that of component A in FIG. 1, the filament will bend with the component B placed inside of the bends, by the application of heat-treatment, as shown in FIG. 2. If the conjugate phase of the said two-component filament was changed along the length of the filament, the filament would curl in a different direction with respect to the three-dimensional space. In other words, the direction in which the filament will curl may be regarded as the conjugate phase.
  • the filaments forming several stitches aligned in adjacent relationship either in a Wale min a course of a knitted fabric have the same conjugate phase, and especiallywhen the plane of the surface of the knitted fabric lies in parallel with the boundary plane of two components in the side-by-side composite filaments, the filaments will invariably curl in the same direction, developing, as a result, a wavy contour on the surface of the knitted fabric.
  • This phenomenon is more often noted of mono-iiilament fabrics as a matter of fact, but not often in multi-filament fabrics.
  • the filaments composing a knitted. fabric have to be processed so that the conjugate phase of the filaments may be forcibly distributed with substantial uniformity in all directions in th-reedimensional space by giving the filaments a twist,.the angle of which is at least 20 degrees in average, and preferably 30 degrees or more per unit stitch length. If there is a change of 30 degrees in the conjugate phase of one unit stitch, the total amount of the changes in the phase for three adjacentstitches will be degrees, and as a result, there will develop hardly any appreciable undulations of stitches in the knitted fabric. It is usually not necessary, however, to change the phase to an extent of more'than 360 degrees per unit stitch length.
  • the change of the conjugate phase of a filament is imparted by a twisting or false-twisting process.
  • a twisting or false-twisting process When a certain length of filament is turned or twisted by onecomplete revolution, the phase of the filament has been changed .by 360 degrees.
  • the number of twists given to a filament as a whole is zero, but the filament still carries twisted portions and reversely twisted portions locally thereof, and thus the filament is given a sufficient amount of change in phase.
  • the amount of locally existing twists is calculated as a value per unit stitch length. Namely, in the case of false-twisting, the total amount of the changes in conjugate phase in the length of the filament. including S-twists and Z-twists, is obtained by aggregating the absolute values of changed phases. The mean may be obtained by dividing the total amount by the length of the filament.
  • FIG. 3 shows acomposite filament after being twisted.
  • FIG. 4 shows the same filament which has undergone false-twisting. Respective arrows show the progress of changes in the conjugate phase.
  • the amount of the changes in conjugate phase in both cases which is obtained according to the foregoing method, is 360 degrees respectively. Twists and false-twists need not be uniformly distributed throughout the length of the hiament.
  • the objects of the present invention may be attained by arranging the conjugate phase in such fashion that the phase may be reversed at every 3 to 4 stitches, and preferably at every two stitches or one stitch.
  • the size of the stitches in knitted fabrics for wear are usually restricted within a certain range.
  • the length of filaments constituting one unit stitch is in the range from 0.5 mm. to several millimeters.
  • the unit stitch length is in the range of 0.S3 mm., approximately. Therefore, the objects of the present invention may be accomplished by giving the filaments to be used an amount of twist of at least 50 t./m. (turns/meter).
  • a false-twist may be given to a filament by the following steps. Namely, the filament is first twisted. This twisted filament is treated with heat either by dry heating or wet heating to fix the twist therein. Then the processed filament is further given a reverse twist so that apparently the filament has been untwisted. By reason of the mutual actions between the primary fixed twist and the subsequent untwisting, the amount of local twist which was discussed above will be determined. Therefore, a highly effective local twist accruing from the twist by first twisting the filament to an extent of at least 100 t./m., subsequently fixing the twist, and then apply ing substantially equal amount of reverse twist to the filament. 'I his false-twisting permits removal of residual torque in the filament, if any, by further heating the filament.
  • the present invention is particularly effective for the manufacture of ladies seamless stockings having even and uniform superficial appearances.
  • the present invention is most effective for the manufacture of knitted fabties with certain types of stitches which are: plain knitting of basic type and its modified types.
  • the present invention is also effective for mesh knitting, run-proof knitting and other types of knitting, of which the surface conditions are highly improved.
  • the objects of the present invention are accomplished by distributing the conjugate phase of filaments in multiple directions in a knitted fabric or fabrics in such manner as has been described, the effect of this method is most remarkably displayed in fabrics knitted with mono-filaments.
  • the surface of fabrics knit with multitfilaments is observed to be considerably even, because there is realized a distribution of conjugate phase in the multi-filaments themselves.
  • the method of the present invention is used in knitting fabrics with multi-filaments, their uniformity in appearance will be further enhanced.
  • polyamide composite filaments are used. It is to be understood, however, that the present invention is not restricted only to such filaments. It should be obvious that composite filaments comprising any sort of polymers may be used in the method of the present invention so long as the filaments are of the type which can develop crimps.
  • EXAMPLE 2 A copolymer obtained by copolymerizing 4 parts of a salt of nylon 66 and 6 parts of a salt of nylon 610 and having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.94 in metacresol at 30 C. and nylon 66 with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.31 under the same conditions were simultaneously spun together through an orifice at the conjugation ratio of 1:1 by volume to form a unitary filament, and after drawing the obtained filament to a length 4.4 times the original length at 105 C., a mono-filament of 15.3 deniers was obtained. This filament was given a false-twist of 1,500 turns per meter at heater temperature of 140 C.
  • the filament thus obtained was knit into a stockingin the same manner as mentioned in Example 1.
  • the stocking so obtained was found to have excellent stitch formation, remarkable elastic properties and was wrinkle-free and superior to stockings made from composite filaments which were not given false-twists.
  • the stocking fabrics thus knit were treated in saturated steam at 107 C. without tension for 15 minutes to develop crimps therein. After drying. the fabrics were placed on ordinary aluminum boards to be set in saturated steam at 118 C. for 45 seconds. After drying and cooling. the fabrics were removed from the boards, and thus stretchable stockings were obtained. Those fabrics made with filaments given twisting of more than 60 t./m. showed improved degree ssassra i i of evenness of the surfaces, and that of 100 t./m. showed perfectly wrinkle-free surface. Those of 120 t./m. or more did not show an cllect much superior to the fabric of 100 t./m. These findings are completely consistent with the theory of distribution of conjugate phase described previously in this specification.
  • EXAMPLE 4 A bundle of mono-filaments of l5 deniers which were the same as those used in Example 3 was given a Stwist of 1,500 t./m. and was wound up on an aluminium bobbin. The bobbin was placed in saturated steam at 70 C. for minutes to fix the twist of the filament. After drying, the bundle of filaments was given reverse twist (Z- twist) of 1,500 t./m. By fixing the reverse twiss in the same manner, local twists were resulted in each filament. The bundle of the filaments were separated into five mon0- filaments. These mono-filaments were knit into leg portions of seamless stockings in the same manner as was described in Example 3. The obtained stretchable stockings exhibited remarkably even superliicial appearances.
  • a method comprising manufacturing stretchable knitted fabrics having an even surface appearance from composite filaments constituted of two different adherent components of synthetic thermoplastic linear poly mers with different shrinkabilities, each filament having a tendency to curl and form a wavy contour along its length, said-method including the steps of twisting said filaments prior to knitting therewith to produce at least a 20 turn of the conjugate phase of the filament per length of filament corresponding to the unit stitch length of the fabric to be knit to prevent curling of the filament, knitting the thus twisted filaments into fabric having the predetermined stitch length, and heating the thus knitted fabric to develop three dimensional crimps in the filaments thereof.
  • a method comprising manufacturing stretchable knitted fabrics having an even surface appearance from composite filaments constituted of two different adhercnt components of synthetic thermoplastic linear polymore with. dill'ercnt hrinl-iahilitics, each filament having a tendency to curl and form a wavy contour along its length, said method including the steps of false tw sting said filaments prior to knitting therewith to produce alternating twi-ts in the conjugate phase of each filament, each said filament having a sum of the ab o'ute values of the twists which is at least 20 per length of the filament corresponding to the unit stitch length of the fabric to be knit to prevent curling of the filament, .ltnitting the thus l'alsc twisted filaments into fabric having the predetermined stitch length, and heating the thus knitted fabric to develop three dimensional erimps in the filaments thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
  • Socks And Pantyhose (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
US474773A 1964-09-26 1965-07-26 Method of treating a composite filament Expired - Lifetime US3365873A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP5537264 1964-09-26

Publications (1)

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US3365873A true US3365873A (en) 1968-01-30

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US474773A Expired - Lifetime US3365873A (en) 1964-09-26 1965-07-26 Method of treating a composite filament
US649390A Expired - Lifetime US3442073A (en) 1964-09-26 1967-05-03 Stretchable knitted fabrics

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US649390A Expired - Lifetime US3442073A (en) 1964-09-26 1967-05-03 Stretchable knitted fabrics

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US (2) US3365873A (de)
BE (1) BE669989A (de)
CH (2) CH1239365A4 (de)
DE (1) DE1585136A1 (de)
ES (1) ES317818A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1089059A (de)
LU (1) LU49526A1 (de)
NL (1) NL6512070A (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3457341A (en) * 1967-05-26 1969-07-22 Du Pont Process for spinning mixed filaments
US3463847A (en) * 1966-12-12 1969-08-26 Kanebo Ltd Method of producing improved polyamidic fibrous material having three dimensional crimpability
US3664914A (en) * 1966-01-28 1972-05-23 Bayer Ag Bifilar compound filaments of polyamides
US4055941A (en) * 1976-12-09 1977-11-01 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Integrated string
US4057880A (en) * 1976-09-23 1977-11-15 Kellwood Company Method of producing snag resistant hosiery article

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2881504A (en) * 1953-02-24 1959-04-14 Billion & Cie Process for crimping textile threads
US2931091A (en) * 1954-02-26 1960-04-05 Du Pont Crimped textile filament
US3009312A (en) * 1956-07-30 1961-11-21 Textile Licensing Company Methods of producing torque yarns
US3192295A (en) * 1961-02-22 1965-06-29 Schweizerische Viscose Process for the manufacture of spontaneously crimping composite filaments
US3264705A (en) * 1960-09-08 1966-08-09 Du Pont Process for improving the pill resistance of two-component acrylonitrile polymers

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3125848A (en) * 1964-03-24 Yarn and fabric product and process
US2957224A (en) * 1954-02-17 1960-10-25 Billion Jacques Apparatus for helically crimping thermoplastic threads
US2987797A (en) * 1956-10-08 1961-06-13 Du Pont Sheath and core textile filament
US3039173A (en) * 1958-02-12 1962-06-19 Du Pont Crimped textile products
US3050819A (en) * 1958-06-03 1962-08-28 Celanese Corp Manufacture of bulked fiber
US3350871A (en) * 1964-08-03 1967-11-07 Du Pont Yarn blend

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2881504A (en) * 1953-02-24 1959-04-14 Billion & Cie Process for crimping textile threads
US2931091A (en) * 1954-02-26 1960-04-05 Du Pont Crimped textile filament
US3009312A (en) * 1956-07-30 1961-11-21 Textile Licensing Company Methods of producing torque yarns
US3264705A (en) * 1960-09-08 1966-08-09 Du Pont Process for improving the pill resistance of two-component acrylonitrile polymers
US3192295A (en) * 1961-02-22 1965-06-29 Schweizerische Viscose Process for the manufacture of spontaneously crimping composite filaments

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3664914A (en) * 1966-01-28 1972-05-23 Bayer Ag Bifilar compound filaments of polyamides
US3463847A (en) * 1966-12-12 1969-08-26 Kanebo Ltd Method of producing improved polyamidic fibrous material having three dimensional crimpability
US3457341A (en) * 1967-05-26 1969-07-22 Du Pont Process for spinning mixed filaments
US4057880A (en) * 1976-09-23 1977-11-15 Kellwood Company Method of producing snag resistant hosiery article
US4055941A (en) * 1976-12-09 1977-11-01 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Integrated string

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1585136A1 (de) 1970-05-21
BE669989A (de) 1966-01-17
NL6512070A (de) 1966-03-28
CH1239365A4 (de) 1970-06-30
US3442073A (en) 1969-05-06
CH497579A (de) 1970-06-30
LU49526A1 (de) 1965-11-24
ES317818A1 (es) 1966-04-01
GB1089059A (en) 1967-11-01

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