US3313620A - Steel with lead and rare earth metals - Google Patents

Steel with lead and rare earth metals Download PDF

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Publication number
US3313620A
US3313620A US344261A US34426164A US3313620A US 3313620 A US3313620 A US 3313620A US 344261 A US344261 A US 344261A US 34426164 A US34426164 A US 34426164A US 3313620 A US3313620 A US 3313620A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
steel
lead
rare earth
steels
alloy
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Expired - Lifetime
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US344261A
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English (en)
Inventor
Corradini Dante
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
E I TE R SpA ELETTOCHIMICA I
Eiter SpA Elettochimica Italiana Delle Terre Rare
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E I TE R SpA ELETTOCHIMICA I
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Publication of US3313620A publication Critical patent/US3313620A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C11/00—Alloys based on lead
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen

Definitions

  • the present invention provides a new method of manufacturing free machining steels, through introduction of new lead compounds or alloys or mixtures; the invention also relates to free machining lead steels containing rare earth elements and other materials mentioned herein.
  • the accompanying drawing is a longitudinal sectional view of an ingot divided into four pieces by three horizontal cuts, each piece being subsequently formed into a rod or coil for which test data is given below.
  • the lead is homogeneously dispersed or scattered in the interdendritic spaces and the mechanical and technological properties of the resulting steels are improved.
  • Another object of the invention is to produce a lead steel which includes one or more metals of the rare earth group, and creates a more homogeneous dispersion of the lead in the steel and improves the properties of the final product.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a lead alloy with one or more rare earth metals, or a corresponding sinterized aggregate or sinter, said alloy or sinter being designed to be introduced into the steel for production of lead steels having the above defined particular properties.
  • Metals of the rare earths are intended those of the lanthanides group, which are those include-d from No. 58 to No. 72 of the Mendelieif Periodic System. It is preferred to use metals (hereinafter referred to as misch metal) produced from chlorides by electrolysis which may be used in any proportion.
  • misch metal metals produced from chlorides by electrolysis which may be used in any proportion.
  • Standard production practices used in the manufacture of steels can be followed up to the moment of the introduction of Pb-RE alloys or sinters.
  • the addition may be made with total combined Pb-RE percentages from 0.10% to 0.80% with respect to the steel.
  • Pb-RE alloy or sinter which may be added to all types of steel, including carbon steel, low and high alloy steels and stainless steels.
  • the Pb-RE alloy may be added in the form of ingots, splits, balls or small pieces of other shapes, or in powdered form.
  • the addition may be effected in furnace, ladles or ingot moulds.
  • the addition in ingot moulds will allow the use of smaller percentages of Pb-RE alloy or sinteral material to obtain the desired effects; in fact this type of addition reduces the loss from evaporation and oxidation. In any case, disadvantages due to the introduction of lead added alone are avoided.
  • a Pb-RE alloy or sinterized compounds of the same elements are produced, wherein RE serves as a vehicle for introduction of lead and as .an homogeneizer of the lead particles in the steel, de-
  • the manufacture of the lead-misch metal although presenting some metallurgical difficulties, can be made with controlled atmosphere furnaces (especially in nitrogen and argon), or with other particular crucible furnaces, using some protection salts, provided the conditions of not letting the misch metal oxidize, during the group, Ce, La, Ne, Pr and others.
  • controlled atmosphere furnaces especially in nitrogen and argon
  • other particular crucible furnaces using some protection salts, provided the conditions of not letting the misch metal oxidize, during the group, Ce, La, Ne, Pr and others.
  • Preference is for alloys in which the percentage ofrare earths included is in the range from 5 to 25% with respect to the weight of the alloy or the sinter.
  • the percentages of use of the Pb-RE alloy or sinter in weight of steel vary with the contents of Pb and RE which is desired to be added.
  • This carbon steel was treated with a Pb-RE type alloy with 80% Pb and 20% RE.
  • the addition was effected in the ladle with 0.33% alloy, equal to kilos 3.300 per 4 metric ton of steel, and thus with 0.264% of Pb and 0.066% of RE.
  • the structure was comparable to a low carbon steel having a uniform grain of K2 size.
  • a process for the manufacture of lead steel which comprises the steps of: melting a steel to which lead is to be added; and introducing a mixture of lead'and at least one rare earth metal into said molten steel.
  • a steel according to claim 7, wherein said conventional elements are selected from the group consisting of carbon, manganese, silicon and phosphorous, the total weight of all of the members of said group not exceeding about 1% of the weight of said steel.
  • a steel according to claim 9, wherein said conven- 6 tional elements are selected from the group consisting of carbon, manganese, silicon and phosphorous, the total weight of all of the members of said group not exceeding about 1% of the weight of said steel.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
US344261A 1963-02-18 1964-02-12 Steel with lead and rare earth metals Expired - Lifetime US3313620A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT363063 1963-02-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3313620A true US3313620A (en) 1967-04-11

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US344261A Expired - Lifetime US3313620A (en) 1963-02-18 1964-02-12 Steel with lead and rare earth metals

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3313620A (no)
AT (1) AT267571B (no)
BE (1) BE643928A (no)
DE (1) DE1235965B (no)
GB (1) GB1049930A (no)
LU (1) LU45431A1 (no)
SE (1) SE301166B (no)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3770396A (en) * 1970-07-29 1973-11-06 Olin Corp Composite metal article
US3871870A (en) * 1973-05-01 1975-03-18 Nippon Kokan Kk Method of adding rare earth metals or their alloys into liquid steel

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4244737A (en) * 1979-08-29 1981-01-13 Inland Steel Company Method and alloy for introducing machinability increasing ingredients to steel
DE3739154A1 (de) * 1987-11-19 1989-06-01 Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff Bleihaltiges zusatzmittel fuer stahlschmelzen

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2182758A (en) * 1938-05-14 1939-12-05 Inland Steel Co Steel
US2197259A (en) * 1938-05-02 1940-04-16 Inland Steel Co Method of and apparatus for adding lead to steel
US2259342A (en) * 1940-04-17 1941-10-14 Inland Steel Co Method of adding lead to steel
US2811721A (en) * 1954-12-15 1957-10-29 Baso Inc Electrically conductive compositions and method of manufacture thereof
US2811720A (en) * 1954-12-15 1957-10-29 Baso Inc Electrically conductive compositions and method of manufacture thereof
US2961387A (en) * 1957-09-18 1960-11-22 Timax Corp Electrolysis of rare-earth elements and yttrium
US3016436A (en) * 1958-07-24 1962-01-09 Gen Electric Vacuum circuit interrupters
US3152889A (en) * 1961-10-31 1964-10-13 Inland Steel Co Free machining steel with lead and tellurium
US3203788A (en) * 1961-09-27 1965-08-31 Gustad P Contractor Free machining steels of improved transverse mechanical properties and method of making same

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1052328A (fr) * 1951-03-12 1954-01-22 Stahlwerke Su Dwestfalen Ag Procédé pour la fabrication d'acier au plomb

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2197259A (en) * 1938-05-02 1940-04-16 Inland Steel Co Method of and apparatus for adding lead to steel
US2182758A (en) * 1938-05-14 1939-12-05 Inland Steel Co Steel
US2259342A (en) * 1940-04-17 1941-10-14 Inland Steel Co Method of adding lead to steel
US2811721A (en) * 1954-12-15 1957-10-29 Baso Inc Electrically conductive compositions and method of manufacture thereof
US2811720A (en) * 1954-12-15 1957-10-29 Baso Inc Electrically conductive compositions and method of manufacture thereof
US2961387A (en) * 1957-09-18 1960-11-22 Timax Corp Electrolysis of rare-earth elements and yttrium
US3016436A (en) * 1958-07-24 1962-01-09 Gen Electric Vacuum circuit interrupters
US3203788A (en) * 1961-09-27 1965-08-31 Gustad P Contractor Free machining steels of improved transverse mechanical properties and method of making same
US3152889A (en) * 1961-10-31 1964-10-13 Inland Steel Co Free machining steel with lead and tellurium

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3770396A (en) * 1970-07-29 1973-11-06 Olin Corp Composite metal article
US3871870A (en) * 1973-05-01 1975-03-18 Nippon Kokan Kk Method of adding rare earth metals or their alloys into liquid steel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT267571B (de) 1969-01-10
DE1235965B (de) 1967-03-09
BE643928A (no) 1964-06-15
LU45431A1 (no) 1964-04-15
GB1049930A (en) 1966-11-30
SE301166B (no) 1968-05-27

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