Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
  • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
  • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
  • A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
  • A24B15/281—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances the action of the chemical substances being delayed

Definitions

• This invention relates to smoking compositions. More particularly, the present invention relates to a composition for embodying predetermined flavors in tobacco, which flavors can be maintained and preserved during subsequent processing and storage of the tobacco.
• One of the more specific objects of the present invention is to incorporate menthol in a tobacco product in such a manner that it will not be released prior to the time that the tobacco product is smoked but will be readily and efficiently released as the tobacco product is smoked.
• Another of the more specific objects of the present invention is to incorporate an additive in tobacco which, when the tobacco is smoked, will not only release menthol but will also release one or more additional flavorants.
• menthol When menthol has been adsorbed on an adsorbent, such as activated charcoal or fullers earth, and applied to tobacco, the menthol yield when such tobacco is smoked has been found to be very low. In addition, such a process results in the incorporation in the tobacco of a foreign material which can give an undesirable appearance to the tobacco and which can result in uneven burning of the tobacco.
• an adsorbent such as activated charcoal or fullers earth
• Menthol has also been incorporated in tobacco in the form of a clathrate.
• a method for incorporating menthol in tobacco has been not only ex- 3,312,226 Patented Apr. 4, 1967 the prior art and provides for the incorporation of a flavorant, and particularly menthol, in tobacco in such a manner that the flavorant is not lost during manufacturing and storage and yet is readily released when the tobacco is smoked.
• more than one flavorant may, in accordance with the invention, be simultaneously incorporated in the tobacco.
• the additives which are employed in accordance with the present invention are relatively non-volatile. As a result, it is possible to prevent the loss of a flavorant during manufacturing operations or during storage of the product. For example l-menthyl chlorocarbonate, when applied to tobacco, is stable and it not lost due to volatilization under conditions of either high or low humidity. In addition, since the flavorant is not present in free form on the filler, it is possible to prevent the transfer of the flavorant from one cigarette to another or from one pack of cigarettes to another.
• the present invention also results in a tobacco product from which a high delivery of flavorants into the smoke can be achieved without the production of undesirable pyrolysis products and without the addition of undesirable foreign materials to the tobacco.
• a flavor-containing carbonate is incorporated in a tobacco product, and particularly in the filler of cigarettes.
• the flavor-containing carbonate of this invention may be any organic carbonate which 1) contains at least one flavor moiety, i.e. the flavor-imparting portion of a flavorant, which portion, when present in burning tobacco, is converted to a flavorant; (2) is substantially nonvolatile under normal atmospheric conditions, e.g. temperatures of 20-30 C. and atmospheric pressures; (3) is capable of being broken down to yield a flavor moiety when incorporated in and subjected to the temperature of burning tobacco, which will generally be temperatures of from about 100 C. to about 1200 C.
• the organic carbonate may for example be a dicar-bonate or a halocarbonate.
• the carbonates can be readily prepared from the reaction of suitable alcohols with carbonyl chloride which, when the reaction is conducted at low temperatures, results in the production of chloro-carbonic esters. At higher temperatures and in the presence of excess-alcohol, a diester of carbonic acid is produced.
• Z is the flavorful moiety of a flavor alcohol, ZOH, for example menthol
• Y is a radical derived from an alcohol which may, for example, be a 1 simple alcohol such as a lower alkyl alcohol.
• Y is the flavor moiety of a flavor alcohol, YOH, which may be identical to ZOH or may be a different flavor alcohol.
• Z will always represent a flavorful moiety but Y may represent either a flavorful moiety or a non-flavorful moiety.
• flavor alcohol means an alcohol which contains a flavor moiety and is either itself a flavorant or will release a flavorant when incorporated in and subjected to the temperatures of burning tobacco.
• Metal alkoxides wherein the hydrogen of the alcohol is replaced by a monovalent metal, such as sodium or potassium, may be substituted for the flavor alcohols.
• ZOH 00012 Equation 1 illustrates the preparation of a halocarbonate which can be employed in accordance with the present invention.
• the product of this equation, Formula I can be employed as the flavor-containing carbonate or it can be reacted with a flavor alcohol, as illustrated in Equation 2 to produce a dica-rbonate.
• the flavor alcohol is the same as the flavor alcohol employed to produce the chlorocarbonate, only one flavorful moiety will be present in the resulting dicarbonate. However, when a different flavor alcohol is employed, the resulting dicarbonate will have two flavor moieties.
• the flavor-containing halocarbonate produced in accordance with Equation 1 may also be reacted with a flavor-containing carboxylic acid, as in Equation 3 or with a flavor-containing amino acid, as in Equation 4.
• the alkylacylcarbonate (Formula III) produced in accordance with Equation 3 and the acyloxy amino acid derivative (Formula IV) produced in accordance with Equation 4 are also useful as flavor-containing carbonates in accordance with the present invention.
• Equations l-4, Z and Y are, as set forth above, flavor moieties and may be an organic radical, for example an aromatic or aliphatic group, containing from 1 to about 100 carbon atoms
• R is an organic radical, for example an aromatic, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic group, containing from 1 to about 100 carbon atoms
• m is an integer having the value of from about 1 to 10.
• the (CH portion of hte molecule can be exactly as it is shown or one or both of the hydrogens at one or more position along the chain can be replaced by an organic radical, for example a straight or branched chain aliphatic radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or more.
• Other flavor alcohols may be employed instead of menthol in Equations 1 and 2.
• alcohols which are flavorants and/or alcohols that decompose to yield flavorants can be reacted with l-menthyl chlorocarbonate.
• the resulting compounds can decompose to the parent alcohol (a flavorant in itself) and to l-menthol or they can rearrange to give a second flavorful note plus menthol.
• a general equation for the reaction of alcohols with l-menthyl chlorocarbonate is given below.
• CH2CH OH2 Carvacrol (Isoethymol)
• Eugenol Phenyletllyl alcohol aHa HzCH2OH
• linalool when reacted with l-tmenthyl chlorocarbonate forms a compound which rearranges when,
• Flavorful carboxylic acids such as lactic, pyruvic, citric, and tartaric acids will react with l-menthyl chlorocar bonate in this manner, and break down to give the flavorful acid and menthol in smoke. This is illustrated below:
• alkylacylcarbonate T RCOrH C0 RO-OGO -OH H O CH H 0 CH alkylaeylcarbonate carboxylic acid menthol
• sugar acids such as glycolic acid, levulinic acid, and gluconic acid and amines such as diphenylamine and methylanthranilate (which provide a floral and rose note, respectively) will react and the formed product will decompose to give flavorful and aromatic substances into the smoke.
• Amino acids particularly lysine, glycine, proline and asparagine will also react with l-menthyl chlorocarbonate giving compounds which will decompose during pyrolysis of the tobacco product into which they have been incorporated to yield menthol and other flavorful and aroma-producing materials in the smoke. This is illustrated by the following equations: a
• reaction of Equation 1 can be conducted under the usual conditions which are employed for the preparation of such carbonates. More specifically, the reaction of Equation 1 can be conducted at a temperature of from dine or antipyrene, may be employed during the reaction.
• the reaction of Equation 2 can be conducted at a temperature of from about -60 to about C. for a period of from about 30 minutes to about 24 hours. Generally, the reaction is conducted at atmospheric pressure,
• a solvent or cosolvent such as benzene or dioxane may be employed if desired. If desired, from about 1 to about 10 percent of a catalyst, such as pyridine or antipyrene, may be employed during the reaction.
• the reaction of Equation 3 can be conducted at a temperature of from about 60 to about 100 C. for a period of from about 30 minutes to about 24 hours. Generally, the reaction is conducted at atmospheric pressure, although higher or lower pressures may be employed.
• a solvent or cosolvent such as benzene, tetrahydrofuran or toluene, may be employed if desired.
• a catalyst such as pyridine or triethylamine, may be employed during the reaction.
• the reaction of Equation 4 can be conducted at a temperature of from about -20 to about 60 C. for a period of from about 10 minutes to about 30 hours. Generally, the reaction is conducted at atmospheric pressure, although higher or lower pressures may be employed.
• a solvent or cosolvent such as benzene, xylene, toluene, chloroform, or dioxane, may be employed if desired.
• a catalyst such as pyridine or antipyrine, may be employed during the reaction.
• the reaction of Equation 5 can be conducted at a temperature of from about 60 to about 60 C. for a period of from about 15 minutes to about 24 hours. Generally, the reaction is conducted at atmospheric pressure, although higher or lower pressures may be employed.
• a solvent or cosolvent such as benzene, xylene, toluene or dioxane, may be employed if desired.
• a catalyst such as pyridine or antipyrine, may be employed during the reaction.
• the reaction of Equation 6 can be conducted at a temperature of from about 50 to 150 C. for a period of from about 1 hour to about 24 hours. Generally, the reaction is conducted at atmospheric pressure, although higher or lower pressures may be employed.
• a solvent or cosolvent such as benzene, xylene, toluene or dioxane, may be employed if desired.
• a catalyst such as pyridine or antipyrine, may be employed during the reaction.
• the reaction of Equation 7 can be conducted at a temperature of from about 60 to about 150 C. for a period of from about 30 minutes to about 24 hours. Generally, the reaction is conducted at atmospheric pressure, although higher or lower pressures may be employed. A solvent or cosolvent, such as benzene, toluene or xylene, may be employed if desired. If desired, from about 1 to about 10 percent of a catalyst, such as pyridine or antipyrine, may be employed during the reaction.
• a catalyst such as pyridine or antipyrine
• the reaction of Equation 8 can be conducted at a temperature of from about -60 to about 60 C. for a period of from about minutes to about 24 hours. Generally, the reaction is conducted at atmospheric pressure, although higher or lower pressures may be employed. A solvent or cosolvent, such as benzene, toluene or xylene, may be employed if desired. If desired, from about 1 to about 10 percent of a catalyst, such as pyridine or antipyrine, may be employed during the reaction.
• a catalyst such as pyridine or antipyrine
• the reaction of Equation 9 can be conducted at a temperature of from about 100 to about 1200 C. for a period of from about 0.1 second to about 24 hours. Generally, the reaction is conducted at atmospheric pressure, although higher or lower pressures may be employed.
• the reaction of Equation 10 can be conducted at a temperature from about 60 to about 100 C. for a period of from about 30 minutes to about 2 hours. Generally, the reaction is conducted at atmospheric pressure, although higher or lower pressures may be employed. A solvent or cosolvent, such as benzene, toluene or xylene, may be employed if desired. If desired, from about'l to about 10 percent of a catalyst, such as pyridine or antipyrine, may be employed during the reaction.
• a catalyst such as pyridine or antipyrine
• Equation 11 can be conducted at a temperature of from about to about 1200 C. for a period of from about 0.1 second to about 24 hours. Generally, the reaction is conducted at atmospheric pressure, although higher or lower pressures may be empolyed.
• a solvent or cosolvent such as benzene, toluene or xylene, may be employed if desired.
• a catalyst such as pyridine or antipyrine, may be employed during the reaction.
• the reaction of Equation 12 can be conducted at a temperature of from about 20 to about 60 C. for a period of from about 10 minutes to about 30 hours. Generally, the reaction is conducted at atmospheric pressure, although higher or lower pressures may be employed.
• a solvent or cosolvent such as benzene, xylene, toluene, chloroform or dioxane, may be employed if desired.
• a catalyst such as pyridine, may be employed during the reaction.
• the reaction of Equation 13 can be conducted at a temperature of from about 100 to about 1200 C. for a period of from about 0.1 second to about 24 hours. Generally, the reaction is conducted at atmospheric pressure, although higher or lower pressures may be employed.
• a solvent or cosolvent such as benzene, toluene or xylene, may be employed if desired.
• a catalyst such as pyridine, may be employed during the reaction.
• the materials produced in accordance with the above reactions may, after they have been produced, be purified in the usual manner, for example by distillation, crystallization and the like.
• the flavor-containing carbonates of the present invention can, when they are liquids, be applied to the tobacco by directly spraying them on the tobacco. They can also be applied by dispersing or dissolving them in a suitable carrier, for example Water, organic solvents and other carriers known in the art or may be directly mixed or otherwise combined with the tobacco by methods which are known in the art.
• a suitable carrier for example Water, organic solvents and other carriers known in the art or may be directly mixed or otherwise combined with the tobacco by methods which are known in the art.
• the mixture is preferably air-dried or otherwise treated to remove the carrier after the flavor-releasing carbonate has been thoroughly admixed with the tobacco.
• the flavor-containing carbonates of the present invention can, if desired, be incorporated in cigarette paper or in cigar wrappers or the like. However, it will generally be more desirable to incorporate these materials in the tobacco itself. So long as the tobacco-containing carbonates are placed in a tobacco product in such a manner that they are in contact with the tobacco when it is burned, they will release their flavors upon smoking of the tobacco product.
• flavor-containing carbonate While the amount of flavor-containing carbonate to be added to the tobacco product will vary depending upon the amount of flavor which is desired in the smoke, the flavor-containing carbonates will generally be added to the tobacco in an amount of from about 0.1 to 10% by weight of the total tobacco composition.
• Example 1 About 312 grams of Brazilian l-menthol was reacted at a temperature of 1020 C. with 198 grams of carbonyl chloride, in the presence of 150 ml. of benzene as a cosolvent and of a catalytic amount (5 grams) of pyridine. This mixture was stirred for a total of 3 hours and allowed to stand overnight. At the end of this period, the reaction was terminated and I-menthyl chloro carbonate was recovered as a slightly yellow, mobile liquid. Recti fication of the recovered material by vacuum distillation resulted in a distillate which was a water-white liquid, having a boiling point of -l-06 at 1 2 mm. Hg.
• Example 2 Shredded tobacco (5 lbs.) containing no menthol (but otherwise having been prepared for the manufacture of commercially available mentholated cigarettes) was placed in a rotary drum and sprayed with a solution consisting of 11.1 g. of l-menthyl chl-orocarbonate in 200 ml. absolute ethanol. The sprayed tobacco was then-stored for three days in polyethylene bags to allow the additive to penetrate the tobacco shreds. The material was airdried on screens at 60 percent relative humidity and a temperature of 75 F., until the solvent alcoholwas lost. No appreciable odor of menthol was observed on the tobacco. The tobacco was made into cigarettes, using a standard machine which added to the shredded tobacco section of the cigarette a mm.
• Control cigarettes were prepared in a similar fashion, except that 3.2 milligrams of Brazilian l-menthol were added to each cigarette, in place of the l-menthyl chlorocarbonate. The two batches of cigarettes were separately stored in glass jars at 38 F.
• test and control cigarettes were smoked on a standard smoking machine.
• the smoke was collected on Cambridge filter pads and extracted with ethanol. The details of the tests are given below:
• Lucite holders were packed with Cambridge filter pads and individually weighed on a Gram-atic balance. The holders were inserted into the conrect ports on a standard port smoking machine, the ports being selected by randomization, or patterning of the test samples and checked for'leaks.
• the cigarettes were then inserted to a depth of 5 mm. in the hole of the dental dam cover of the Lucite holders, lit with an electric lighter or alcohol torch and smoked to a mm; butt length.
• Four monitor samples were smoked along with the test cigarettes for every smoking run.
• the menthol was identified and the delivery determined by gas chromatography.
• the delivery of menthol for the test cigarettes was 420 micrograms/cigt. This represented about an 18% delivery since the 11.1 grams of additive was roughly equivalent to 8 grams of menthol.
• Test cigarettes DUCTION CIGARETTES VS. TEST CIGARETTTES- STORAGE TESTS Mg. Menthol/Cigarette Time (weeks) Production Cigarettes Test Cigarettes Example 3 Test cigarettes containing 3.6 milligrams of l-menthyl chlorocarbonate/cigt. were smoked in comparison with two commercially available mentholated cigarettes (Alpine brand cigarettes and Salem brand cigarettes) by two smoking panels, one consisting of 34 members and the second consisting of 31 members. The results of these tests show that the 34 member panel had a 20 to 14 preference for the test cigarettes over the Alpine brand cigarettes. The test cigarettes were also found by the 31 member panel to have more tobacco flavor and less harshness than the Salem brand cigarettes, as shown by a. preference of 21 to 10.
• Example 4 Carbonyl chloride (198 grams) was reacted with 312 grams of l-menthol, in the same manner as in Example 1, to produce l-menthyl chlorocarbonate.
• Test cigarettes were prepared and smoked in comparison with control cigarettes in the same manner as is set forth in Example 1. Similar results were obtained except that the menthol delivery into the smoke of the test cigarettes was found to be 820 micrograms per cigarette. Subjective evaluation of the cigarettes showed that the menthol was readily detected in the smoke and had transferred well into the smoke.
• Example 5 Linalool (11 grams) was reacted with 7.7 grams of 1- menthyl chlorocarbonate at a temperature of 35 C. and an atmospheric pressure of 14.7 p.s.i.a. for a period of 18 hours to form l-menthyl linalool carbonate, which was found to be a solid material having a melting point of 106.6" E, which was soluble in organic solvents, such as ethanol, benzene, ethyl acetate, and which was stable to boiling water.
• organic solvents such as ethanol, benzene, ethyl acetate
• the l-menthyl linalool carbonate (1 gram) was dissolved in 35 ml. of ethanol and the resulting solution was sprayed on commercial tobacco filler containing no menthol, in a manner that 3.2 milligrams of menthol of the l-menthyl linalool carbonate were incorporated in each cigarette (Alpine filler which had not been treated with menthol).
• the sprayed tobacco was stored for three days in polyethylene bags to permit the l-menthyl linalool carbonate to penetrate the tobacco shreds.
• the resulting treated tobacco was then air-dried on screens at 60% relative humidity and a temperature of 75 F. until the absolute ethanol had evaporated.
• the treated filler was made into cigarettes on a standard machine which incorporated a mm. filter in each cigarette.
• Control cigarettes were prepared in a similar fashion, except that 3.2 milligrams of Brazilian l-menthol was employed in each cigarette in place of the l-menthyl linalool carbonate.
• test and control cigarettes were smoked on a standard smoking machine and the smoke was collected in the same manner as described in Example 1.
• the menthol was extracted from the TPM pads with ethanol and was identified by gas chromatography. Vacuum distillation followed by gas chromatography was employed in order to characterize the fiavorants that were present in the smoke. By infrared, ultraviolet and mass spectrometry, dipentene was identified as the second flavorant which had been released by pyrolysis of the cigarette containing 1- menthyl linalool carbonate.
• Example 6 Shredded tobacco (300 lbs.) containing no menthol (but otherwise having been prepared for the manufacture of commercially available mentholated cigarettes) was placed in a rotary drum and sprayed with a solution consisting of 840 g. of l-menthyl chlorocarbonate in 6 liters absolute ethanol. The sprayed tobacco was then stored for three days in polyethylene bags to allow the additive to penetrate the tobacco shreds. The material was airdried on screens at percent relative humidity and a temperature of F., until the solvent alcohol was lost. No appreciable odor of menthol was observed on the tobacco. The tobacco was made into cigarettes, using a standard machine which added to the shredded tobacco section of the cigarette a 15 mm. (in length) filter. Control cigarettes were prepared in a similar fashion, except that 3.2 mgs. of Brazilian l-menthol were added to each cigarette, in place of the l-menthyl chlorocarbonate. The two batches of cigarettes were packaged in plastic packs.
• test and control cigarettes were smoked on a standard smoking machine.
• the smoke was collected on Cambridge filter pads and extracted with ethanol.
• chemical and physical data obtained were as follows:

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Citations (4)

• 1964
  • 1964-02-26 US US347381A patent/US3312226A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1965
  • 1965-02-13 ES ES0309329A patent/ES309329A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1965-02-15 GB GB6480/65A patent/GB1073783A/en not_active Expired
  • 1965-02-22 DE DE1965M0064271 patent/DE1517311A1/de active Granted
  • 1965-02-23 CH CH245965A patent/CH477176A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1965-02-25 FR FR6947A patent/FR1431961A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1965-02-25 NL NL6502369A patent/NL6502369A/xx unknown
• 1968
  • 1968-12-31 MY MY1968105A patent/MY6800105A/xx unknown

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