US3284559A - Process for manufacturing ammunition bodies - Google Patents

Process for manufacturing ammunition bodies Download PDF

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Publication number
US3284559A
US3284559A US209162A US20916262A US3284559A US 3284559 A US3284559 A US 3284559A US 209162 A US209162 A US 209162A US 20916262 A US20916262 A US 20916262A US 3284559 A US3284559 A US 3284559A
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United States
Prior art keywords
inner jacket
jacket
shell
outer shell
shaped
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Expired - Lifetime
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US209162A
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English (en)
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Assmann Hans
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from CH528961A external-priority patent/CH385677A/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B27/00—Hand grenades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14778—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the article consisting of a material with particular properties, e.g. porous, brittle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/16—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
    • B29C45/1671—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles with an insert
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/22—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction
    • F42B12/32—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction the hull or case comprising a plurality of discrete bodies, e.g. steel balls, embedded therein or disposed around the explosive charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/76—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing

Definitions

  • the inner jacket can serve as a carrier layer for certain agents which vary with the use of the ammunition body, such as particles of metal, etc.
  • the inner jacket may be used to influence the stability of the ammunition body.
  • the inner jacket can serve as a supporting layer for the outer shell jacket.
  • the arrangement of the inner jacket forming the inner wall of the outer shell jacket provides difficulties in manufacture. These difficulties are mainly due to the fact that the outer shell jacket should essentially be a homogeneous body in one piece, which is closed with the exception of a small opening provided to introduce the fuse parts.
  • these difliculties are overcome by manufacturing first of all the inner jacket which is then put as a core into a blanking tool, whereat the material of the outer shell jacket is applied on the inner jacket; the core serving as an inner jacket and remaining in the ammunition b-ody.
  • the inner jacket has to be provided with a cavity in the case of ammunition bodies containing an explosive charge and this cavity should be in many cases neither prismatic nor cylindrical, is useful for reasons of manufacture to assemble the inner jacket from two or more, preferably shell-shaped, parts.
  • the separating faces thus formed between the different, preferably shell-shaped, parts are covered by the outer jacket applied on the inner jacket.
  • the inner jacket consists, at least to some extent, of a high-polymer, preferably, thermoplastic material, whereby an injection moulding process can be advantageously used to manufacture the inner jacket and its shell-shaped parts, respectively.
  • connection of the different parts of the inner jacket can be obtained by different means, eg., by bonding, but preferably the connection is made by jointing the preferably shell-shaped parts of the inner jacket by a prestressed form-locking connection, before the material of the outer shell jacket is applied.
  • plugged connections can be employed as such a prestressed form-locking connection, whereby the engaging form-locking elements undergo an elastic deformation when the preferably shell-shaped components of the inner jacket are fitted into each other and are thus subjected to an initial stress which causes the form-closing elements fitting into one another to be locked.
  • a further possibility is the use of a wedge-type con- 3,284,559 Patented Nov. 8, 1966 nection which is equally a prestressed form-locking connection and in which the initial stress is based on the combined effect of the wedge taper and the friction between the Wedge surfaces pressed together.
  • grooves and tongues are specially suitable in structural respects as proper form-locking elements which are provided at the connecting surfaces of the preferably shell-shaped parts of the inner jacket.
  • a groove-and-tongue connection acting as a prestressed form-locking connection can be obtained either by selecting the width of the tongue somewhat larger than the width of the groove (plug connection) or by providing the tongue with tapered lateral faces (wedge connection).
  • the prestressed formlocking connection according to the invention acts simultaneously also as a tight uninterrupted joint between the connecting surfaces of the shell-shaped parts of the inner jacket.
  • the inner jacket consists of two shell-shaped parts, the connecting surface of one part being provided with a groove running continuously along this entire connecting surface; whereas the connecting surface of the other part has a tongue also running continuously along the entire connecting surface.
  • the connecting surfaces of the two shell-shaped parts lie in a plane passing through the axis of the ammunition body and have an approximately U-shaped form.
  • the grooves and tongues are U-shaped in this case.
  • the connecting surfaces of the two shell-shaped parts of the inner jacket lie in a plane at right angles to the axis of the ammunition body and have the shape of circular ring surfaces. Consequently, the tongues and grooves will follow in this case a closed circle.
  • the form-locking elements according to the invention can be produced simultaneously with the moulding of the shell-shaped parts so that a subsequent shaping of the form-locking elements by machine tools becomes unnecessary.
  • the material of the outer shell jacket is preferably a high-polymer material, and the injection moulding process, can be used to apply the outer shell jacket on the inner jacket.
  • an inner jacket of better static stability which is made preferably ⁇ f a relatively rigid material which can be also a higholymer material.
  • the inner jacket is also of importance nas a :arrier layer 'for the effective agents, e.g., metal particles.
  • the process according to this invention provides a favorible manufacturing method f-or connecting an outer shell acket with the inner jacket.
  • the quality of the connection Jetween the inner jacket and the outer shell jacket is par- ;icularly good when high-polymer materials are employed.
  • These high-polymer materials have the property of shrink- .ng a relatively large extent after being processed. Ingenaral, this is a disadvantage; but in the present case 1t 1s an advantage, since the shrinking results in a close fit between the high-polymer material of the outer shell jacket and the inner jacket after the former has been applied to the latter as a core.
  • thermoplastic high-polymer materials are used for the outer shell jacket as well as for the inner jacket, the processing according to this invention results in a fusion of these two materials so that the outer shell jacket and the inner jacket practically ⁇ form a uniform compound body.
  • a material is called a toughelastic high-polymer material, if its impact strength exceeds 50 cmkg./cm.2;
  • a highly tough-elastic material is a material with an impact strength of more than 100 cmkg./cm.2 materials having an impact strength of less than cmkg./cm.2, preferably less than 20 cmkg./cm.2, are considered as brittle high-polymer materials;
  • a rigid high-polymer material is characterized by a modulus of elasticity exceeding 150 kg./mm.2, preferably exceeding 300 kg./imm.2.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of a hand grenade body the inner jacket of which contains metal particles;
  • FIG. 2 shows another hand grenade body in longitudinal section the inner jacket of which does not contain any metal particles
  • FIG. 3 represents diagrammatically an embodiment of one shell-shaped half of the inner jacket and FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic representation of the other shell-shaped half of the inner jacket belonging to the hand grenade body according to FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of a further embodiment of one shell-shaped half of the inner jacket of a hand grenade body and FIG. 6 represents diagrammatically the other half of the inner jacket;
  • FIG. 7 is a longitudinal section of a hand grenade body the inner jacket of which consists of the two halves represented in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • the hand grenade body according to FIG. l has an outer shell jacket 1 made of polyethylene.
  • an inner jacket 2 is provided which consists of polystyrene with embedded iron parti-cles 3.
  • the iron particles 3 are visible at the inner surface of the inner jacket 2; this is due to the fact that transparent polystyrene is used.
  • the inner jacket 2 consists of two parts separated in a longitudinal direction of the hand grenade body. The two parts of the inner jacket are bonded together along the separating line 4.
  • the hand grenade body shown ⁇ in FIG. 2 differs from that according to FIG. l merely with respect to the inner jacket 2 which is equally made of polystyrene, but does not contain any iron particles.
  • the hand grenade bodies according to FIGS. 1 and 2 are not yet filled with the explosive charge and the fuse has not yet been screwed on.
  • the hand grenade body according to FIG. l belongs to a so-called defensive hand grenade of which is a good fragmentation effect is required for military tactical reasons.
  • the effective fragments are the embedded iron particles 3 in the inner jacket 2.
  • the inner jacket serves mainly as a carrier layer for the fragments. From a hand grenade as shown in FIG. l a very good fragmentation effect (fragment penetration) can be expected, since the energy expenditure for decomposing the outer shell jacket and the inner jacket on detonation of the explosive charge is very low so that a maximum part of the energy of the explosive is transferred to the effective fragments.
  • Such hand grenade bodies can be manufactured according to an example of the technique described as follows:
  • the shell-shaped halves of the inner jacket (FIG. 3, FIG. 4) are manufactured in an injection moulding tool. Plugs 6 and holes 7 are provided at the connecting surfaces 5 of the shell-shaped halves of the inner jacket.
  • iron particles 3 are injected simultaneously with the moulding of the shell-shaped halves of the inner jacket (by injection moulding) by filling, preferably jar-ramming, them into the tool cavity of the injection moulding tool, before the plastic material is injected.
  • the inner jacket thus formed is inserted as a core into a further injection moulding tool.
  • the inner jacket serving as a core is fixed by a bolt connected with the injection moulding tool, which is supported inside the inner jacket in the recess 8 at the bottom and in the throat 9 of the inner jacket.
  • the inner jacket is covered with the material of the outer shell jacket, i.e., this material is injected in liquid state into the space between the outer wall of the inner jacket serving as the core and the innerwall of the tool cavity.
  • a further advantage is that any desired shape of the inner jacket can be obtained without difticulty, For instance, it is possible without more-as shown in FIGS. l and 2-to provide the inner jacket with a strong bottom and a throat-like mouthpiece at the top, which not only increases the supporting effect of the inner jacket, but also makes possible the insertion of as large a quantity of fragments as possible.
  • the process according to the invention permits obtaining outer shell jackets with walls of any desired thickness.
  • a thin-Walled outer shell jacket will be provided.
  • the shell jacket is termed thin-walled, if the ratio of the diameter D of the outer shell jacket (calibre) to the wall thickness h exceeds (D/h 15).
  • a hand grenade body of 60 min. in diameter has a thin-walled shell jacket, if its wall thickness is less than 4 mm.
  • FIGS. 5 to '7 A further embodiment of the invention is described in FIGS. 5 to '7.
  • the half of the inner jacket of a hand grenade body represented in FIG. 5 shows a tongue 10 at the connecting surface 5, which projects over the connecting surface 5 and runs continously along the approximately U-shaped connecting surface 5.
  • the connecting surface 5 of the other half of the inner jacket shown in FIG. 6 is provided with a groove 11 which also runs continuously along the U-shaped connecting surface 5.
  • the tongue 10 (FIG. 5) has a somewhat larger width than the groove 11 (FIG. 6).
  • the two halves of the inner jacket according to FIGS. 5 and 6 are of polystyrene and are manufactured by injection moulding. Subsequently, the two shell-shaped halves of the inner jacket are assembled, whereby a prestresscd form-locking connection is obtained between the two shell-shaped halves of the inner jacket by the engagement of the tongue 10 and the groove 11. Simultaneously, the tongue-groove connection ensures a hermetic closure of the cavity inside the inner jacket owing to the fact that the tongue 10 and the groove 11 run Without interruption along the connecting surfaces.
  • the shell-shaped halves of the inner jacket thus assembled shows a throat-like mouthpiece 9 and a recess 8 in the wall opposite said mouthpiece.
  • the assembled inner jacket can be subsequently inserted without delay into the tool cavity of a further injection moulding tool so that the outer shell jacket of polyethylene can be applied. No Waiting time is required.
  • polyethylene other high-polymer, particularly, highly tough-elastic materials (eg. polyamide) or toughelastic materials (eg. tough-elastic polystyrene) are specially suitable materials for the outer shell jacket.
  • highly tough-elastic materials eg. polyamide
  • toughelastic materials eg. tough-elastic polystyrene
  • the inner jacket can be made of polymethacrylic methyl ester.
  • An inner jacket consisting of more than two, preferably shell-shaped, components may be mentioned as a constructional alternative. Moreover, it is not absolutely necessary that the division of the inner jacket be a longitudinal division; it can be also a transverse division. Alternative to the embodiment represented in FIGS. 5 to 7, a noncontinuous course can be chosen for the tongue and groove running along the connecting surfaces of the shell-shaped parts of the inner jacket.
  • metal particles can be embedded in the inner jacket (eg, iron particles of square or cylindrical form).
  • the inner jacket can be ernployed as a carrier layer for other effective agents (incendiary agents, smoke-producing agents, etc.).
  • the invention is not only of interest for the production of hand grenade bodies.
  • Other ammunition bodies such as shell bodies for mortar shells and other explosive missiles, can also be manufactured by the process described in the present specification.
  • a process for manufacturing an ammunition body having an inner jacket and an outer jacket tted on said inner jacket comprising forming by a molding process at least two parts cooperatively defining the shape of a shell and constituted at least to some extent of high-polymer material, said shell being formed with a narrow throat-like mouthpiece and with an increased thickness and a recess at a location in the wall opposite said mouthpiece, connecting together the thus formed parts so as to form the inner jacket for said ammunition body, and injecting high-polymer material into an injection molding tool in which said inner jacket is supported as a core by engagement of said recess and said mouthpiece in such manner that the thus injected material forms an outer jacket on said core and becomes joined thereon.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Coloring (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
US209162A 1961-05-05 1962-07-11 Process for manufacturing ammunition bodies Expired - Lifetime US3284559A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH528961A CH385677A (de) 1961-12-22 1961-05-05 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Munitionskörpers und nach diesem Verfahren hergestellter Munitionskörper
CH1489461A CH427572A (de) 1961-05-05 1961-12-22 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Munitionskörpers und nach diesem Verfahren hergestellter Munitionskörper

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US3284559A true US3284559A (en) 1966-11-08

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US209162A Expired - Lifetime US3284559A (en) 1961-05-05 1962-07-11 Process for manufacturing ammunition bodies
US560399A Expired - Lifetime US3493142A (en) 1961-05-05 1966-04-21 Ammunition body

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US560399A Expired - Lifetime US3493142A (en) 1961-05-05 1966-04-21 Ammunition body

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US (2) US3284559A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE617312A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH427572A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1212294B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK112365B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1012726A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL278102A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4410478A (en) * 1978-08-04 1983-10-18 Klockner-Werke A.G. Method for making two moldings and combining them to make a composite product
US4817532A (en) * 1985-04-01 1989-04-04 Oregon Etablissement Fur Patentverwertung Fragmentation shell for grenades, particularly hand grenades
EP0333086A3 (en) * 1988-03-18 1991-08-28 Dario Orsini Process for injection-molding hollow articles made of polymeric material and items obtained with the process
WO1994004407A1 (en) * 1992-08-17 1994-03-03 Autoliv Development Ab Improvements in or relating to a steering wheel
US20070209500A1 (en) * 2006-03-13 2007-09-13 System Planning Corporation Method and apparatus for disarming an explosive device
USD685543S1 (en) * 2012-12-06 2013-07-02 Carson Optical, Inc. Air blower
US10611064B1 (en) * 2015-06-30 2020-04-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Method for sequentially fabricating a cartridge casebody through injection molding
CN111546569A (zh) * 2020-05-25 2020-08-18 广东明华机械有限公司 一种手雷外壳自动注塑装配生产线

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US3878791A (en) * 1969-01-17 1975-04-22 Us Air Force Encapsulated pellet igniter charge
US3912080A (en) * 1972-09-29 1975-10-14 Ragnar O Winberg Container of plastic foil
US3957327A (en) * 1974-11-04 1976-05-18 Parrish's Cake Decorating Supplies, Inc. Protective cover for wedding cakes, or other display items
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DE3528609A1 (de) * 1984-08-28 1986-03-13 Oregon Etablissement für Patentverwertung, Mauren Verfahren zur herstellung eines granatenkoerpers
DE3660785D1 (en) * 1985-03-04 1988-10-27 Oregon Ets Patentverwertung Grenade body, especially for hand grenades
US5054418A (en) * 1989-05-23 1991-10-08 Union Oil Company Of California Cage boat having removable slats
WO1993008042A1 (en) * 1991-10-21 1993-04-29 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Airbag assembly
FR2692034A1 (fr) * 1992-06-05 1993-12-10 Dercipp Sarl Grenade assemblée.
US5858262A (en) * 1994-08-15 1999-01-12 Toymax Inc. Mold for forming multi-sided, fully contoured, three-dimensional toy figures
US5837180A (en) * 1997-02-05 1998-11-17 Fluoroware, Inc. Composite plastic sanitary fitting
CN111497147B (zh) * 2020-05-25 2020-12-01 广东明华机械有限公司 一种手雷内衬套注塑模具结构

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US751089A (en) * 1904-02-02 malette
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US2199144A (en) * 1937-05-03 1940-04-30 Standard Products Co Method of injecting thermoplastic material into a mold
US2269953A (en) * 1939-04-22 1942-01-13 Louis H Morin Method of die casting thermoplastics
US2564751A (en) * 1945-05-19 1951-08-21 Lawrence H Cook Grenade
US2773657A (en) * 1951-02-28 1956-12-11 Coats & Clark Plastic jacketed spool
US2762303A (en) * 1951-05-22 1956-09-11 Cecil C Fawcett Hand grenade explodable into fragments of predetermined physical characteristics
US2903389A (en) * 1956-08-03 1959-09-08 Fujita Toshitsune Method of molding reinforced plastics
US3037652A (en) * 1956-09-18 1962-06-05 Owens Illinois Glass Co Receptacle having protective coating
US3090620A (en) * 1958-04-04 1963-05-21 Electric Storage Battery Co Bowling ball

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4410478A (en) * 1978-08-04 1983-10-18 Klockner-Werke A.G. Method for making two moldings and combining them to make a composite product
US4817532A (en) * 1985-04-01 1989-04-04 Oregon Etablissement Fur Patentverwertung Fragmentation shell for grenades, particularly hand grenades
EP0333086A3 (en) * 1988-03-18 1991-08-28 Dario Orsini Process for injection-molding hollow articles made of polymeric material and items obtained with the process
WO1994004407A1 (en) * 1992-08-17 1994-03-03 Autoliv Development Ab Improvements in or relating to a steering wheel
US20070209500A1 (en) * 2006-03-13 2007-09-13 System Planning Corporation Method and apparatus for disarming an explosive device
USD685543S1 (en) * 2012-12-06 2013-07-02 Carson Optical, Inc. Air blower
US10611064B1 (en) * 2015-06-30 2020-04-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Method for sequentially fabricating a cartridge casebody through injection molding
CN111546569A (zh) * 2020-05-25 2020-08-18 广东明华机械有限公司 一种手雷外壳自动注塑装配生产线

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Publication number Publication date
DK112365B (da) 1968-12-02
BE617312A (fr) 1962-08-31
GB1012726A (en) 1965-12-08
NL278102A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE1212294B (de) 1966-03-10
US3493142A (en) 1970-02-03
CH427572A (de) 1966-12-31

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