US3283448A - Organic bonded abrasive article - Google Patents

Organic bonded abrasive article Download PDF

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Publication number
US3283448A
US3283448A US389575A US38957564A US3283448A US 3283448 A US3283448 A US 3283448A US 389575 A US389575 A US 389575A US 38957564 A US38957564 A US 38957564A US 3283448 A US3283448 A US 3283448A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
wheel
grinding
abrasive
resin
bonded
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US389575A
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English (en)
Inventor
John R Thompson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bay State Abrasive Products Co
Original Assignee
Bay State Abrasive Products Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to JP39067274A priority Critical patent/JPS4945557B1/ja
Application filed by Bay State Abrasive Products Co filed Critical Bay State Abrasive Products Co
Priority to US389575A priority patent/US3283448A/en
Priority to GB2295/65A priority patent/GB1099703A/en
Priority to DE1965B0081102 priority patent/DE1544643B2/de
Priority to NL656510434A priority patent/NL145794B/xx
Priority to BE668332D priority patent/BE668332A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3283448A publication Critical patent/US3283448A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0094—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with organic materials as the main non-metallic constituent, e.g. resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
    • B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
    • B24D3/344—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent the bonding agent being organic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an organic bonded abrasive article and, more particularly, to an abrasive formulation which may be adapted to the use of diamond abrasives as well as less expensive conventional abrasives, and an organic bonded wheel formulation which may be used for both conventional and electrolytic grinding.
  • both the matrix of the abrasive wheel and the workpiece must be capable of conducting electric current, while the abrasive particles which protrude from the face of the wheel act as insulating spacers to avoid the dangers of short circuits. Also, these protruding abrasive particles contribute a scrubbing or scraping action to remove the oxide film which is produced by the electrolytic action.
  • the primary requirement of a bond for electrolytic grinding is that it be electrically conductive.
  • a still further object of this invention is the provision of a grinding wheel which is useful in electrolytic form grinding and in which the face may be shaped with comparative ease.
  • Another object of the invention is the provision of a grinding wheel which, when used in conventional grinding, is capable of extremely long wheel life and, when used with electrolytic grinding, is capable of higher rates of stock removal.
  • the character of the invention may be best understood by reference to one of its structural forms, as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
  • the wheel that is shown is known in the industry as a straight wheel, DlAl shape, but it should be understood that the invention wheel may be manufactured in any of the commonly known and used shapes, of which there are about 2,000 modifications.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an abrasive article embodying the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the invention taken on the line IIII of FIG. 1:.
  • the abra- .'SiV8 article consists of a wheel having a central core 11 and an outer rim 12.
  • the core is provided with a central aperture 13 by which the wheel is mounted on the shaft of a grinding machine or the like.
  • the rim 12 is provided with an outer cylindrical surface 14 which is adaptul to be placed in a predetermined geometric relationship to a workpiece surface to be finished while the wheel is rotated.
  • the materials used in carrying out this invention comprise metal powders selected from those which have a thermal conductivity expressed in cal./cm. /cm./sec./ C. of over .500 and an electrical resistivity expressed in microohms/cm. (at 86 F.) of less than 3.0.
  • These powders may be pure metallic elements, or mixtures, or powders of alloy metals.
  • abrasives used may be diamonds, or any of the usual abrasive, for example, alumina in any form, including fused, natural, or sinteredaluminas, emery, other abrasive oxides, and certain hard carbides.
  • the organic bonding material most commonly used is phenol-formaldehyde resin, for example, Bakeliteresin iproduced and supplied by Union Carbide Corporation, particularly those resins wnown as BRP 5417 or BRP5727. tHowever, one could substitute any of various other welllknown grinding whel resins of the melamine, urea-formjaldehyde, or other types. Mixtures of resins may also ⁇ be used according to known standard methods.
  • the electricallyconducting metallic powders are bonded together with a ,resin which is, in itself, a non-conductor, the resulting wheel is extremely conductive and can be used at higher current density levels, and with much greater metal re- Ingredient: Wt. Percent Copper powder 80-95 Resin 520 Furfural is added as a wetting agent in the amount of 25 cc. per pound of powdered resin.
  • One of the preferred resins for the core is Bakelite resin, BRP5417, although,
  • the copper powder is thoroughly blended with the proper amount of furfural, based 1 on the weight of resin according to thepreceding formula. 2 Then, the pre-weighed amount of powdered resin is added and mixed in thoroughly. This mixture is then pre-cured :for two hours at 225 F. in a shallow pan. It is then f granulated, molded on the desired shape, hot-pressed and i cured in a 21-hour curing cycle at a temperature not over 400 F. After curing, the preform is machined to the exact desired dimensions and, before assembly with the abrasive containing rim, is coated with cement.-
  • the rim section is composed of the following formula- 1 tion:
  • the metallic powder and the abrasive are mixed together, furfural is added as a wetting :agent, and then the powdered resin or resins. This mixture is molded onto the core 11, hot pressed and cured in a 21-hour curing cycle at not over 400 F.
  • the wheel When the wheel is manufactured using A1 0 as the abrasive, it may be manufactured with an abrasive-conataining rim, bonded to a non-abrasive core, in exactly the ,same manner as in the diamond wheel, or the entire wheel jmay be manufactured from a. single abrasive-containing formulation and made according to standard manufacturing procedures.
  • the rim and the core of the wheel are made of materials with different thermal expansion properties, a problem of rim separation is very common. sumer and the wheel manufacturer.
  • the use of the high thermally conductive filler or fillers transfers the heat generated at the grinding surface into the core of the wheel, resulting in less temperature build-up in the resinoid diamond rim and greatly increased wheel life.
  • the materials which are most useful are those with a thermal conductivity above 0.500 cal./cm. /cm./sec./ C. atv
  • Electrolytic grinding techniques have normally utilized metal bonded abrasive wheels, while the present invention relates to a resin bonded wheel which is made electrically conductive by using copper, silver, or such powders or mixtures of powders as filler in the resin bond.
  • a resin-bonded wheel was used of the standard straight cup type in which the rim contained grit diamonds, and in which the core and rim were provided with copper powder as a filler in the proportions described above.
  • This wheel was used on an Everite Model H4 This is annoying and expensive for the consingle point tool grinder with a wheel speed of 3450 r.p.m. and with electrolytic flood coolant grinding tungsten carbide.
  • the workpieces were triangular in shape, being /2 inch on each side and 2 inches long.
  • the first test was run with the standard metal bonded Wheel normally used in this operation at a current density of 8 volts and 80 amperes. The rate of stock removal was 0.005 6 cu. in./minute.
  • the invention wheel was used under exactly the same conditions with about a increase in stock removal, namely 0.0059 cu. in./min.
  • the standard metal bonded wheel was used at the maximum electrical energy which could be applied without excessive Sparking and a resulting loss in cutting rate.
  • the invention wheel was then tested at a current level of 10 volts and 115 amperes without sparking, in which case the rate of stock removal increased by well over 80% to 0.0102 cu. in./min. There was no measuable wear on the test wheel.
  • a second electrolytic test was performed with an aluminum oxide wheel of the general type shown in the drawings.
  • the diameter of the wheel was 8 inches, inch grinding face, with a 3 inch hole.
  • the test involved form grinding of 400 series stainless steel pieces.
  • the machine used was a Do-All 6 x 18 Surface Grinder equipped with an Everite power pack. Wheel speed was 5000 s.f.p.m. and electrolytic flood coolant was used.
  • the workpieces were of an inch wide with a .687 inch radius.
  • the workpiece thickness was .014 inch and the object of the operation was to achieve a smooth, completely burr-tree finish at a thickness of .009 inch.
  • the optimum conditions for grinding with the invention wheel were found to be the maximum table speed of the machine, 16 /2 feed/min, using a downfeed of .0005 inch/pass for roughing and 0.00025 inch/pass for finishing.
  • the results were an excellent finish, completely burr-free.
  • the finish on the workpieces was in all ways comparable to that achieved with the customary metal bonded wheel, but the time required was much shorter and, therefore, the operation can be performed more economically. In six hours of testing, there was no measurable wear on the wheel.
  • the Wheel in accordance with the present invention may, when used with diamond abrasive in the rim, be used either for conventional grinding or electrolytic grinding.
  • the diamond bearing wheel has shown excellent performance in conventional grinding tests; when used in electrolytic grinding, it has been found possible to use substantially higher current densities without arcing and sparking, and the rate of stock removal is, thereby, greatly increased.
  • aluminum oxide is used as the abrasive, the wheel is limited as a practical matter in the fact that, whereas it may be used with some types of conventional grinding, it finds its best use in electrolytic grinding.
  • the aluminum oxide wheel may, furthermore, be manufactured in the conventional one-piece manner.
  • the entire wheel may be made of one abrasive containing formulation. This, obviously, gives much longer wheel life, particularly in the case where face may easily be dressed to the desired form and its useful life greatly extended.
  • Wheels made according to this invention may weigh over three times more than an ordinary organic bonded wheel of the same size.
  • the extra weight apparently has a damping effect on machine vibration and an unusually fine smooth cutting action is thereby achieved.
  • An abrasive article comprising:
  • a core consisting of a powder of a substance having a thermal conductivity of 0.500 cal./cm. /cm./ sec./ C. at 68 F. or greater in an amount in the range from 80% to 95 by weight and the remainder resin, and
  • a rim attached to the core consisting of to 85% by weight of the said powder, 8% to 16% by Weight of resin, and the remainder a material selected from the group consisting of diamond and aluminum oxide.
  • An abrasive article for use in conventional and electrolytic grinding comprising:
  • a rim attached to the core consisting of 70% to of the said powder, 8% to 16% of resin, 1% to 20% of a material selected from the group consisting of diamond and aluminum oxide.
  • An abrasive article having a uniform composition comprising a powder of a metal having a thermal conductivity of 0.500 cal./cm. /-cm./sec./ C. or greater in the range from 70% to 85 by weight, 8% to 16% by weight of organic bonding material, and the remainder abrasive.
  • An abrasive article having a uniform composition comprising a powder of copper in an amount in the range from 70% to 85 by weight, phenol formaldehyde resin in an amount in the range from 8% to 16% by weight, and the remainder abrasive.
  • An abrasive article comprising (a) a core having 80% to by weight of a powder of a substance selected from the group consisting of copper and silver and 5% to 20% of resin, and
  • a rim attached to the core having 70% to 85% of a powder selected from the group consisting of copper and silver, 8% to 16% of resin, and 1% to 20% of a material selected from the group consisting of diamond and aluminum oxide.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
US389575A 1964-08-14 1964-08-14 Organic bonded abrasive article Expired - Lifetime US3283448A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP39067274A JPS4945557B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1964-08-14 1964-02-01
US389575A US3283448A (en) 1964-08-14 1964-08-14 Organic bonded abrasive article
GB2295/65A GB1099703A (en) 1964-08-14 1965-01-19 Organic bonded abrasive grinding wheel
DE1965B0081102 DE1544643B2 (de) 1964-08-14 1965-03-22 Schleifkoerper, insbesondere fuer elektrolytisches schleifen
NL656510434A NL145794B (nl) 1964-08-14 1965-08-11 Slijpschijf of slijprand van een slijpschijf bestaande uit slijpmiddeldeeltjes, metaaldeeltjes en een organisch bindmiddel.
BE668332D BE668332A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1964-08-14 1965-08-15

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US389575A US3283448A (en) 1964-08-14 1964-08-14 Organic bonded abrasive article

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3283448A true US3283448A (en) 1966-11-08

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US389575A Expired - Lifetime US3283448A (en) 1964-08-14 1964-08-14 Organic bonded abrasive article

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US3283448A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4945557B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE668332A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1544643B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1099703A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL145794B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3471276A (en) * 1966-11-02 1969-10-07 Du Pont Peripheral abrasive wheels with composite rims
US3503108A (en) * 1963-12-31 1970-03-31 Ibm Cutting and sawing blades
US3510994A (en) * 1967-05-18 1970-05-12 Norton Co Method of manufacturing an electrolytic grinding wheel
US3547609A (en) * 1967-10-31 1970-12-15 Norton Co Electrically conductive thermoset resin-bonded grinding wheel containing silver particles
US3640027A (en) * 1969-07-25 1972-02-08 Sel Rex Corp Annular cutting blades
US3710517A (en) * 1971-02-22 1973-01-16 Eastman Kodak Co Process for finish polishing of glass lenses
US3868233A (en) * 1973-03-12 1975-02-25 Norton Co Grinding wheel core
US5834569A (en) * 1995-03-21 1998-11-10 Norton Company Grinding wheel for flat glass beveling
DE102004035088A1 (de) * 2004-07-20 2006-02-16 Chemetall Ges.Mbh Organisch gebundene Trenn- oder Schleifkörper mit einem funktionellen Additiv
CN103537995A (zh) * 2013-09-27 2014-01-29 泉州众志新材料科技有限公司 一种微晶砖磨块及其生产方法
CN107297688A (zh) * 2017-07-28 2017-10-27 义乌市台荣超硬制品有限公司 一种树脂结合剂金刚石或cbn工具胎体粉

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61103778A (ja) * 1984-10-26 1986-05-22 Tohoku Kako Kk 研磨砥石
CA1324492C (en) * 1986-04-02 1993-11-23 Richard H. Sioui Composite grinding wheel
DE102017116851B4 (de) 2017-07-25 2020-06-04 Lukas-Erzett Vereinigte Schleif- Und Fräswerkzeugfabriken Gmbh & Co. Kg Schleifwerkzeug und Verwendung eines solchen Schleifwerkzeuges
CN109735052A (zh) * 2019-01-12 2019-05-10 厦门家和兴钻石工具有限公司 一种金刚石树脂磨片材料及其制备方法
CN117182796A (zh) * 2023-10-23 2023-12-08 白鸽磨料磨具有限公司 一种超软大气孔陶瓷砂轮制备方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2137329A (en) * 1937-05-11 1938-11-22 Carborundum Co Abrasive article and its manufacture
US2150886A (en) * 1937-09-23 1939-03-14 Norton Co Grinding wheel
US3074211A (en) * 1960-08-24 1963-01-22 Norton Co Grinding wheel

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2137329A (en) * 1937-05-11 1938-11-22 Carborundum Co Abrasive article and its manufacture
US2150886A (en) * 1937-09-23 1939-03-14 Norton Co Grinding wheel
US3074211A (en) * 1960-08-24 1963-01-22 Norton Co Grinding wheel

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3503108A (en) * 1963-12-31 1970-03-31 Ibm Cutting and sawing blades
US3471276A (en) * 1966-11-02 1969-10-07 Du Pont Peripheral abrasive wheels with composite rims
US3510994A (en) * 1967-05-18 1970-05-12 Norton Co Method of manufacturing an electrolytic grinding wheel
US3547609A (en) * 1967-10-31 1970-12-15 Norton Co Electrically conductive thermoset resin-bonded grinding wheel containing silver particles
US3640027A (en) * 1969-07-25 1972-02-08 Sel Rex Corp Annular cutting blades
US3710517A (en) * 1971-02-22 1973-01-16 Eastman Kodak Co Process for finish polishing of glass lenses
US3868233A (en) * 1973-03-12 1975-02-25 Norton Co Grinding wheel core
US5834569A (en) * 1995-03-21 1998-11-10 Norton Company Grinding wheel for flat glass beveling
DE102004035088A1 (de) * 2004-07-20 2006-02-16 Chemetall Ges.Mbh Organisch gebundene Trenn- oder Schleifkörper mit einem funktionellen Additiv
CN103537995A (zh) * 2013-09-27 2014-01-29 泉州众志新材料科技有限公司 一种微晶砖磨块及其生产方法
CN103537995B (zh) * 2013-09-27 2016-08-24 泉州众志新材料科技有限公司 一种微晶砖磨块及其生产方法
CN107297688A (zh) * 2017-07-28 2017-10-27 义乌市台荣超硬制品有限公司 一种树脂结合剂金刚石或cbn工具胎体粉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4945557B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-12-04
BE668332A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-02-14
DE1544643A1 (de) 1970-01-15
GB1099703A (en) 1968-01-17
DE1544643B2 (de) 1976-05-26
NL145794B (nl) 1975-05-15
NL6510434A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-02-15

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