US3547609A - Electrically conductive thermoset resin-bonded grinding wheel containing silver particles - Google Patents
Electrically conductive thermoset resin-bonded grinding wheel containing silver particles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3547609A US3547609A US679533A US3547609DA US3547609A US 3547609 A US3547609 A US 3547609A US 679533 A US679533 A US 679533A US 3547609D A US3547609D A US 3547609DA US 3547609 A US3547609 A US 3547609A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- electrically conductive
- grinding wheel
- silver
- silver particles
- containing silver
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 19
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 17
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 title description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007970 homogeneous dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004011 methenamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004634 thermosetting polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
- B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
- B24D3/344—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent the bonding agent being organic
Definitions
- a conductive phenolic resin-bonded grinding wheel contains conventional abrasive grits bonded by a resin including from to 25% by volume of finely divided silver. Lower percentages of silver produce essentially non-conductive wheels.
- This invention relates to electrically conductive resinbonded grinding wheels.
- the prior art teaches the use of metal powder in phenol-aldehyde type resins as a bond for producing electrically conductive grinding wheels for use in electrolytic or, more properly, electrochemical, grinding.
- the minimum metal content taught in the bond (converting the data to a volume percent basis) is 38%.
- the range of metal content taught is from 38% to 59% by volume, or a ratio of bond volume to metal volume of about 0.7 to 1.7.
- the Turner patent teaches a bond to metal volume ratio of about 0.33 to 1.67 (40% to 75% by volume of metal).
- 1.7 10 Amounts of silver in the wheel should, it has been found, be from 10% to 25 of the total volume of the bond.
- the abrasive content of the wheel which may be any conventional abrasive, may vary between wide limits since in the purely electro chemical grinding the abrasive grits do little, their main function being to bring the work to the final desired tolerance or surface finish by mechanical action.
- the maximum practical abrasive content is about 70% by volume and, in an abrasive wheel, the practical minimum would be around 12%.
- Silicon Alumina carbide 46 grit 46 grit wheel mix wheel mix wt. 1; b Wt. 32532; $053513? Si? 321% The bond formula was as follows:
- Phenolic resin powder BRP-5417, Union Carbide (including 10% hexamethylene tetramine) 38.6 Silver powder (Metz Refining Company, Type C-l8,
- the silver and resin powder are intimately blended to insure a uniform mix.
- the grain and bond are mixed, the grain being wet with furfural in the amount of 15 cc. per pound of resin mix.
- the material is weighed to the exact weight of the wheel to be molded.
- the mix is then hot pressed at 2 /2 tons per square inch for 30 minutes to one hour, depending upon the thickness of the wheel, at a temperature of from to C.
- Diamond containing tools can be similarly produced.
- bonds in the above examples contained about 15% by volume of silver, and the finished wheels, about 8% by volume, or about 18% by weight.
- thermosetting rnoldable resins may be employed so long as they do not attack the contained silver.
- the surprisingly high conductivity of wheels made according to this invention cannot be explained by assuming a completely homogeneous dispersion of silver in the bond. Microscopic examination of the finished wheels shows that the silver, although originally homogeneously mixed, segregates into conducting paths during the processing of the mix, when included in the range of 10 to 25% by volume of the organic bond, and when the particle size of the silver is less than 10 microns.
- An organic bonded electrically conductive grinding wheel for electrochemical grinding consisting of abrasive grains and silver particles in a thermoset resin matrix, wherein the conductivity is imparted by the inclusion of from 10 to 25% by volume of finely divided silver particles, 10 microns and smaller, in the resin matrix in the form of conducting paths consisting solely of silver dispersed in the resin matrix.
Description
United States Patent O US. Cl. 51298 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A conductive phenolic resin-bonded grinding wheel contains conventional abrasive grits bonded by a resin including from to 25% by volume of finely divided silver. Lower percentages of silver produce essentially non-conductive wheels.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to electrically conductive resinbonded grinding wheels.
The prior art (see, for example, Thompson US. Pat. No. 3,283,448, and Turner British Pat. No. 991,143) teaches the use of metal powder in phenol-aldehyde type resins as a bond for producing electrically conductive grinding wheels for use in electrolytic or, more properly, electrochemical, grinding. In the Thompson patent the minimum metal content taught in the bond (converting the data to a volume percent basis) is 38%. The range of metal content taught is from 38% to 59% by volume, or a ratio of bond volume to metal volume of about 0.7 to 1.7. The Turner patent teaches a bond to metal volume ratio of about 0.33 to 1.67 (40% to 75% by volume of metal).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION These prior art ratios of metal to bond are higher than desirable and, since the metal detracts from physical characteristics of the bond, making the wheels dilficult to dress or form to a close tolerance, reduction of the metal content would be desirable. According to the present invention, it has been discovered that by the use of a silver powder for the metal, a reduction in metal content to /s of what has previously been required may be achieved Without sacrifice in the electrical properties of the wheels for electrochemical grinding. This discovery is surprising in view of the fact that the prior art makes no distinction between copper and silver powders and in view of the fact that the resistivity of silver is only about 6% lower than that of copper (1.6 10- ohm-centimeters vs. 1.7 10 Amounts of silver in the wheel should, it has been found, be from 10% to 25 of the total volume of the bond. The abrasive content of the wheel, which may be any conventional abrasive, may vary between wide limits since in the purely electro chemical grinding the abrasive grits do little, their main function being to bring the work to the final desired tolerance or surface finish by mechanical action. The maximum practical abrasive content is about 70% by volume and, in an abrasive wheel, the practical minimum would be around 12%.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Wheel mixes having the following formula were prepared:
Silicon Alumina carbide 46 grit 46 grit wheel mix wheel mix wt. 1; b Wt. 32532; $053513? Si? 321% The bond formula was as follows:
Wt. percent Phenolic resin powder (BRP-5417, Union Carbide) (including 10% hexamethylene tetramine) 38.6 Silver powder (Metz Refining Company, Type C-l8,
v 0.9 to 1.4 microns) 57.8 Lime 3.6
In making the mix, the silver and resin powder are intimately blended to insure a uniform mix. The grain and bond are mixed, the grain being wet with furfural in the amount of 15 cc. per pound of resin mix. After mixing, the material is weighed to the exact weight of the wheel to be molded. The mix is then hot pressed at 2 /2 tons per square inch for 30 minutes to one hour, depending upon the thickness of the wheel, at a temperature of from to C.
The same formula, given above, was used to prepare wheels with 100 grit abrasive.
Diamond containing tools can be similarly produced.
The bonds in the above examples contained about 15% by volume of silver, and the finished wheels, about 8% by volume, or about 18% by weight.
In grinding tests, the wheels made in accordance with the above performed satisfactorily and 1 x 4" test bars showed a conductivity of 230 amperes with an applied voltage of 2 volts. A similar wheel with 11% by volume of silver in the bond, showed a conductivity of 100 amperes at 3 volts, which is suitable. At 9% by volume of silver in the bond, the conductivity was essentially nil (less than 10 amps at 1 to 4 volts).
While other resins than the standard phenolic may be employed, these are conventional and inexpensive and thus are preferred. However, thermosetting rnoldable resins may be employed so long as they do not attack the contained silver.
The surprisingly high conductivity of wheels made according to this invention cannot be explained by assuming a completely homogeneous dispersion of silver in the bond. Microscopic examination of the finished wheels shows that the silver, although originally homogeneously mixed, segregates into conducting paths during the processing of the mix, when included in the range of 10 to 25% by volume of the organic bond, and when the particle size of the silver is less than 10 microns.
What is claimed is:
1. An organic bonded electrically conductive grinding wheel for electrochemical grinding, consisting of abrasive grains and silver particles in a thermoset resin matrix, wherein the conductivity is imparted by the inclusion of from 10 to 25% by volume of finely divided silver particles, 10 microns and smaller, in the resin matrix in the form of conducting paths consisting solely of silver dispersed in the resin matrix.
2. A grinding wheel as in claim 1 in which the bond is a phenolformaldehyde resin.
3. A grinding wheel as in claim 1 in which the abrasive content is between 12 and 70% by volume.
4. A grinding Wheel as in claim 1 in which the abrasive is selected from the group consisting of diamond, aluminum oxide, and silicon carbide.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 10 DONALD .1.
4 Ball 51298 Kuzmick 51298 Martin et al 51-298 Cantrell 51-296 Martin 51-309 Coes 51295 Halverstadt et a1 51295 Thompson 51298 ARNOLD, Primary Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US67953367A | 1967-10-31 | 1967-10-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3547609A true US3547609A (en) | 1970-12-15 |
Family
ID=24727302
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US679533A Expired - Lifetime US3547609A (en) | 1967-10-31 | 1967-10-31 | Electrically conductive thermoset resin-bonded grinding wheel containing silver particles |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3547609A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS4815198B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT296072B (en) |
BE (1) | BE721665A (en) |
CH (1) | CH523748A (en) |
DE (2) | DE1805290A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES358977A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI41116B (en) |
FR (1) | FR1588743A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1187337A (en) |
IE (1) | IE32341B1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL30791A (en) |
LU (1) | LU57166A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL6815118A (en) |
SE (1) | SE348394B (en) |
SU (1) | SU482937A3 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3850590A (en) * | 1970-09-28 | 1974-11-26 | Impregnated Diamond Prod Ltd | An abrasive tool comprising a continuous porous matrix of sintered metal infiltrated by a continuous synthetic resin |
US3899050A (en) * | 1971-07-06 | 1975-08-12 | Textar Gmbh | Lining for brake shoes |
US20120066982A1 (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2012-03-22 | Saint-Gobain Abrasifs | Bonded abrasive articles, method of forming such articles, and grinding performance of such articles |
US8715381B2 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2014-05-06 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Bonded abrasive article and method of forming |
US9102039B2 (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2015-08-11 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Bonded abrasive article and method of grinding |
US9266219B2 (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2016-02-23 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Bonded abrasive article and method of grinding |
US9278431B2 (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2016-03-08 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Bonded abrasive article and method of grinding |
US9833877B2 (en) | 2013-03-31 | 2017-12-05 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Bonded abrasive article and method of grinding |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2162600A (en) * | 1936-07-27 | 1939-06-13 | Carborumdum Company | Filler for abrasive articles |
US2243105A (en) * | 1939-07-28 | 1941-05-27 | J K Smit & Sons Inc | Abrasive tool |
US2371700A (en) * | 1943-10-12 | 1945-03-20 | Carborundum Co | Abrasive articles |
US3062633A (en) * | 1958-12-30 | 1962-11-06 | Norton Co | Electrically conductive organic bonded grinding wheel |
US3203775A (en) * | 1960-11-30 | 1965-08-31 | Carborundum Co | Inorganically bonded abrasive articles |
US3216854A (en) * | 1960-06-06 | 1965-11-09 | Gen Electric | Method for making an electrolytic grinding wheel |
US3283448A (en) * | 1964-08-14 | 1966-11-08 | Bay State Abrasive Products Co | Organic bonded abrasive article |
US3321287A (en) * | 1964-07-20 | 1967-05-23 | A P De Sanno & Son Inc | Method of impregnating lubricant into abrasive wheels |
US3402035A (en) * | 1965-12-07 | 1968-09-17 | Thomas J. Martin | Abrasive wheel having a metal coated graphite lubricant therein |
US3433730A (en) * | 1965-04-28 | 1969-03-18 | Gen Electric | Electrically conductive tool and method for making |
-
1967
- 1967-10-31 US US679533A patent/US3547609A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1968
- 1968-09-30 IL IL30791A patent/IL30791A/en unknown
- 1968-09-30 BE BE721665D patent/BE721665A/xx unknown
- 1968-09-30 IE IE1170/68A patent/IE32341B1/en unknown
- 1968-10-09 FI FI2855/68A patent/FI41116B/fi active
- 1968-10-09 ES ES358977A patent/ES358977A1/en not_active Expired
- 1968-10-23 NL NL6815118A patent/NL6815118A/xx unknown
- 1968-10-24 SE SE14374/68A patent/SE348394B/xx unknown
- 1968-10-24 CH CH1593568A patent/CH523748A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-10-24 SU SU1277104A patent/SU482937A3/en active
- 1968-10-25 DE DE19681805290 patent/DE1805290A1/en active Pending
- 1968-10-25 AT AT1045968A patent/AT296072B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-10-25 DE DE6902125U patent/DE6902125U/en not_active Expired
- 1968-10-25 LU LU57166D patent/LU57166A1/xx unknown
- 1968-10-26 JP JP43077647A patent/JPS4815198B1/ja active Pending
- 1968-10-28 GB GB51067/68A patent/GB1187337A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-10-29 FR FR1588743D patent/FR1588743A/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2162600A (en) * | 1936-07-27 | 1939-06-13 | Carborumdum Company | Filler for abrasive articles |
US2243105A (en) * | 1939-07-28 | 1941-05-27 | J K Smit & Sons Inc | Abrasive tool |
US2371700A (en) * | 1943-10-12 | 1945-03-20 | Carborundum Co | Abrasive articles |
US3062633A (en) * | 1958-12-30 | 1962-11-06 | Norton Co | Electrically conductive organic bonded grinding wheel |
US3216854A (en) * | 1960-06-06 | 1965-11-09 | Gen Electric | Method for making an electrolytic grinding wheel |
US3203775A (en) * | 1960-11-30 | 1965-08-31 | Carborundum Co | Inorganically bonded abrasive articles |
US3321287A (en) * | 1964-07-20 | 1967-05-23 | A P De Sanno & Son Inc | Method of impregnating lubricant into abrasive wheels |
US3283448A (en) * | 1964-08-14 | 1966-11-08 | Bay State Abrasive Products Co | Organic bonded abrasive article |
US3433730A (en) * | 1965-04-28 | 1969-03-18 | Gen Electric | Electrically conductive tool and method for making |
US3402035A (en) * | 1965-12-07 | 1968-09-17 | Thomas J. Martin | Abrasive wheel having a metal coated graphite lubricant therein |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3850590A (en) * | 1970-09-28 | 1974-11-26 | Impregnated Diamond Prod Ltd | An abrasive tool comprising a continuous porous matrix of sintered metal infiltrated by a continuous synthetic resin |
US3899050A (en) * | 1971-07-06 | 1975-08-12 | Textar Gmbh | Lining for brake shoes |
US9676077B2 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2017-06-13 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Bonded abrasive article and method of forming |
US20120066982A1 (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2012-03-22 | Saint-Gobain Abrasifs | Bonded abrasive articles, method of forming such articles, and grinding performance of such articles |
US8715381B2 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2014-05-06 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Bonded abrasive article and method of forming |
US10377017B2 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2019-08-13 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Bonded abrasive article and method of forming |
US9254553B2 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2016-02-09 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Bonded abrasive article and method of forming |
US9266219B2 (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2016-02-23 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Bonded abrasive article and method of grinding |
US9278431B2 (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2016-03-08 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Bonded abrasive article and method of grinding |
US9102039B2 (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2015-08-11 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Bonded abrasive article and method of grinding |
US10377016B2 (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2019-08-13 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Bonded abrasive article and method of grinding |
US9833877B2 (en) | 2013-03-31 | 2017-12-05 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Bonded abrasive article and method of grinding |
US10946499B2 (en) | 2013-03-31 | 2021-03-16 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Bonded abrasive article and method of grinding |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE348394B (en) | 1972-09-04 |
IL30791A (en) | 1972-12-29 |
GB1187337A (en) | 1970-04-08 |
LU57166A1 (en) | 1969-06-25 |
CH523748A (en) | 1972-06-15 |
JPS4815198B1 (en) | 1973-05-12 |
DE6902125U (en) | 1970-12-23 |
DE1805290A1 (en) | 1969-06-26 |
ES358977A1 (en) | 1970-05-16 |
NL6815118A (en) | 1969-05-02 |
IE32341B1 (en) | 1973-06-27 |
BE721665A (en) | 1969-03-31 |
IL30791A0 (en) | 1968-11-27 |
FR1588743A (en) | 1970-04-17 |
AT296072B (en) | 1972-01-25 |
SU482937A3 (en) | 1975-08-30 |
FI41116B (en) | 1969-04-30 |
IE32341L (en) | 1969-04-30 |
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