US3278404A - Method and apparatus for cathodic protection - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for cathodic protection Download PDF

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US3278404A
US3278404A US748938A US74893858A US3278404A US 3278404 A US3278404 A US 3278404A US 748938 A US748938 A US 748938A US 74893858 A US74893858 A US 74893858A US 3278404 A US3278404 A US 3278404A
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titanium
platinum
anodes
media
rhodium
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Cotton Joseph Bernard
Barber Arthur Harold
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/055—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
    • C25B11/057—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material consisting of a single element or compound
    • C25B11/061—Metal or alloy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
    • C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
    • C25B11/081—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound the element being a noble metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9265—Special properties
    • Y10S428/929—Electrical contact feature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/934—Electrical process
    • Y10S428/935—Electroplating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/936—Chemical deposition, e.g. electroless plating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/937—Sprayed metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/938—Vapor deposition or gas diffusion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/939—Molten or fused coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/94—Pressure bonding, e.g. explosive
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12875—Platinum group metal-base component

Definitions

  • an electrode structure comprises a support of which the surface consists of titanium or a titanium base alloy having anodic polarisation properties comparable to those of pure titanium and having in contact with part or all of said surface a platinum group metal or alloy constituted by platinum group metals.
  • the platinum group of metals consists of those metals occurring in Group 8 and Periods 5 and 6 of the Periodic Table.
  • the support material commercially pure titanium and a titanium-zirconium alloy containing 5% by weight of the latter may be mentioned.
  • the platinum group metal may be for example pure platinum, alloys of platinum and palladium containing 10% or 20% of the latter, pure rhodium, platinum-rhodium and platinum-iridium alloys or osmiumiridium alloys.
  • the platinum group metal need only make good electrioal contact with the titanium for successful operation but in practice it will be preferred to attach the platinum group metal in secure manner to the titanium in order to resist the stresses of the environment in which the electrode is to be used.
  • the platinum group metal may be in the form of bright sheet, wire, foil or pieces pressed, spot-welded, bolted or riveted on to the titanium.
  • the platinum group metal may be used in powder form and attached to the titanium by rolling into the titanium surface. For certain applications a platinum black coating will be preferable because of its low overvoltage properties.
  • platinum group metal Other methods of attachment of the platinum group metal are by metal spraying, Electroless plating, thermal decomposition of an applied paint film, spark transfer, sputtering or evaporating.
  • the surface character of the platinum group metal will be chosen in accordance with the overvoltage requirements of the gaseous species being discharged at the electrode.
  • Typical electrodes of the invention are prepared as follows.
  • the titanium or alloy thereof in whatever wrought form required is etched for 4 hours at 60 C. in pure concent-rated hydrochloric acid as described in British patent specification No. 758,013, and rinsed, cleaned and then electroplated.
  • the titanium may be im- 3,278,404 Patented Oct. 11, 1966 ICC mer-sed for 3 days at room temperature in pure hydrochloric acid to prepare its surface.
  • the electroplating bath will contain sodium hexahydroxy-platinate or rhodium sulphate solution in the case of platinum or rhodium respectively and plating will be conducted under conventional conditions to give a coating of the required thickness.
  • a coating of 0.000 1 inch will be suitable to combine current density requirements with a useful working life of the electrode but in many cases thinner coatings, e.g. 0.00001 or 0000005 inch may be satisfactory. If only part of the surface is to he plated then stopping-off materials will be employed.
  • Electrodes may be used as anodes in a variety of electrolytes notably those in which the reaction at the anode involves the liberation of oxygen or chlorine.
  • the electrodes make use of the strength and low weight of titanium and its high corrosion resistance in a wide range of media.
  • the electrodes permit the use of very high current densities, for example, at 1000 amperes per square foot of true surface area of the platinum group metal.
  • the current density which may be employed in any particular case and this is due to the fact that at extremely high current densities appreciable polarisation of the platinum group metal may occur; this in turn may render any exposed titanium more anodic than it would be at lower current densities and at a sufiiciently high voltage it may cause anodic dissolution of the exposed titanium.
  • a further limitation in the use of electrodes of this invention in electrolytic cells is that it is necessary to avoid the use of alternating current or direct current carrying an appreciable proportion of superimposed alternating current or having any appreciable ripple effect. Experience indicates that direct current with up to 5% alternating current ripple is acceptable.
  • the support constitutes the main bulk of the electrode upon which the active component, i.e. the platinum group metal is disposed.
  • the electrodes offer the advantages of solid platinum without incurring the high coat of solid paltinum. It is not necessary that the bulk of the electrode consists entirely of titanium or its alloy and, if desired, an inner core of another metal may be used.
  • the electrodes can be of a flexible form adapted to be conformed to the requirements of cell design by bending, e.g. flexible meshes or grilles of the form required. Such structures can be produced with expanded titanium mesh.
  • the cathodic protection of a steel jetty standing in estuarine water and presenting an area of approximately 15,000 square feet of metal may be effected by means of four anodes constructed in titanium and carrying electroplated coatings of platinum.
  • the arrangement of anodes is shown in the accompanying drawing.
  • the anodes 1 are in the form of rods 2 feet in length and /8 inch in diameter and each carries a layer of platinum 0.0001 inch thick.
  • the anodes are mounted in a wooden frame 2 and are each tapped at one end for the admission of a screw terminal 3 to secure the current lead 4 to the electrode.
  • the connection between the current lead 4 and the electrode is held in bitumen and the four leads are combined and connected to the positive pole of a source of direct current.
  • Cathodic protection may also be effected according to the invention in other waters of suitable conductivity.
  • the cathodic protection of iron or steel pipelines carrying corrosive media is very conveniently effected by means of anodes in wire form, e.g. mounted c-oaxially inside the pipe.
  • an electrode having a low oxygen overvoltage is desirable in order to reduce the electrical energy consumed.
  • the surface of the noble material should be as active as possible and this is achieved with matt or finely divided deposits.
  • the anodes are conveniently in the form of titanium rod having wire of the platinum group metal spot-welded to its surface.
  • a high oxygen overvoltage is desirable in certain electrolytic oxidation processes thereby achieving maximum oxidation efiiciency. Accordingly, in this application the surface of the noble metal should be bright.
  • platinised titanium electrodes may be used with advantage in place of both magnetite anodes and stainless steel cathodes.
  • magnetite anodes and stainless steel cathodes no cell contamination problems are encountered where platinised titanium is employed for both anodes and cathodes whilst overall electrical efficiency is substantially the same.
  • Platinum-plated titanium anodes may be used to replace graphite in the production of sodium hypochlorite by the electrolysis of solutions of sodium chloride.
  • the current efficiency of the electrodes is greater than graphite electrodes when the process is worked to produw 2.5% available chlorine in the electrolysed solution.
  • the working voltage of the anode more nearly approaches the theoretical decomposition voltage than graphite and the energy efficiency of the process is greater than that with graphite anodes.
  • replacement costs of the platinised titanium anodes are small and there is no need for frequent adjustment oi voltage control to compensate for wear as with graphite anodes.
  • electrodes according to the invention may be used for electrolytic oxidation processes involving the production of nascent oxygen, for example, to reduce the oxygen demand of various industrial efiluents.
  • a process for cathodically protecting a metal structure in contact with corrosive aqueous media which comprises passing current through an electrical system which includes a current source having a negative terminal connected to said structure and a positive terminal connected to an anode positioned in said media and insulated from said negative terminal, said anode comprising a support selected from the group consisting of titanium and titanium base alloys having anodic polarization properties essentially the same as those of titanium in said media, said support having an operative surface consisting essentially of at least one member of the group consisting of platinum, rhodium and platinum and rhodium base alloys in which all of the constituents are platinum group metals.
  • a cathodic protection system for protecting a metal structure in contact with corrosive aqueous media which comprises a current source having a negative terminal connected to said structure and a positive terminal connected to an anode positioned in said media and insulated from said negative terminal, said anode comprising a support selected from the group consisting of titanium and titanium base alloys having anodic polarization properties essentially the same as those of titanium in said media, said support having an operative surface consisting essentially of at least one member of the group consisting of latinum, rhodium and platinum and rhodium base alloys in which all of the constituents are platinum group metals.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
US748938A 1957-07-17 1958-07-16 Method and apparatus for cathodic protection Expired - Lifetime US3278404A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB22619/57A GB877901A (en) 1957-07-17 1957-07-17 Improvements relating to electrodes and uses thereof
GB2761657 1957-09-02
GB486958 1958-02-14
GB487358 1958-02-14
GB3037/59A GB887941A (en) 1957-07-17 1959-01-28 Improvements relating to alloys
GB1855959 1959-06-01

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US3278404A true US3278404A (en) 1966-10-11

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US748938A Expired - Lifetime US3278404A (en) 1957-07-17 1958-07-16 Method and apparatus for cathodic protection
US4375A Expired - Lifetime US3118828A (en) 1957-07-17 1960-01-25 Electrode structure with titanium alloy base

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US4375A Expired - Lifetime US3118828A (en) 1957-07-17 1960-01-25 Electrode structure with titanium alloy base

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US (2) US3278404A (en))
AU (1) AU231949B1 (en))
BE (1) BE569500A (en))
CA (1) CA625003A (en))
CH (2) CH386401A (en))
DE (2) DE1281232B (en))
FR (1) FR1207838A (en))
GB (2) GB877901A (en))
IT (1) IT593326A (en))
LU (2) LU38186A1 (en))
NL (4) NL124248C (en))

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4137370A (en) * 1977-08-16 1979-01-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Titanium and titanium alloys ion plated with noble metals and their alloys
US4238551A (en) * 1979-03-05 1980-12-09 Halcon Research & Development Corporation Composition for inhibiting corrosion of titanium
US4298445A (en) * 1977-05-09 1981-11-03 Marston Excelsior Limited Anode for cathodic protection system
US4614574A (en) * 1985-12-06 1986-09-30 The Dow Chemical Company Impressed current anode bed
US5421968A (en) * 1985-05-07 1995-06-06 Eltech Systems Corporation Cathodic protection system for a steel-reinforced concrete structure
US5451307A (en) * 1985-05-07 1995-09-19 Eltech Systems Corporation Expanded metal mesh and anode structure
US20140353168A1 (en) * 2012-02-07 2014-12-04 Industrie De Nora S.P.A. Electrode for electrochemical abatement of chemical oxygen demand of industrial wastes

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NL250923A (en)) * 1959-04-27
GB900370A (en) * 1959-07-22 1962-07-04 Oronzio Nora De Corrosion resistant, current- or heat-conducting components
US3055821A (en) * 1960-03-07 1962-09-25 Olin Mathieson Diaphragmless monopolar elecrolytic cell
FR1220408A (fr) * 1960-06-22 1960-05-24 Ici Ltd Cellules électrolytiques multiples
NL279382A (en)) * 1961-06-29
US3117023A (en) * 1962-01-03 1964-01-07 Ionics Method of making a non-corroding electrode
US3287250A (en) * 1962-05-28 1966-11-22 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Alkali-chlorine cell containing improved anode
BE637692A (en)) * 1962-09-20
US3373092A (en) * 1963-03-29 1968-03-12 Ajinomoto Kk Electrodeposition of platinum group metals on titanium
US3410785A (en) * 1965-08-24 1968-11-12 Nat Res Corp Vacuum metallized electrode
DE1567909B1 (de) * 1965-12-07 1970-07-16 Basf Ag Titan-oder tantalhaltige Anode fuer horizontale Elektrolysezellen
GB1437047A (en) * 1973-02-17 1976-05-26 Deutsche Automobilgesellsch Hyerogen-diffusion diaphragms
US3876517A (en) * 1973-07-20 1975-04-08 Ppg Industries Inc Reduction of crevice corrosion in bipolar chlorine diaphragm cells by locating the cathode screen at the crevice and maintaining the titanium within the crevice anodic
US4330376A (en) * 1979-03-05 1982-05-18 Atlantic Richfield Company Process for inhibiting titanium corrosion
DE2946900C2 (de) * 1979-11-21 1982-04-01 Guldager Electrolyse Gmbh & Co Kg, 4660 Gelsenkirchen-Buer Gegen Innenkorrosion geschützter Behälter
WO1987005340A1 (en) * 1986-03-03 1987-09-11 Ppg Industries, Inc. Method of cationic electrodeposition using dissolution resistant anodes
GB2190399A (en) * 1986-05-02 1987-11-18 Nat Res Dev Multi-metal electrode
GB9017404D0 (en) * 1990-08-08 1990-09-19 Johnson Matthey Plc Ozone generation

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US1477099A (en) * 1922-07-07 1923-12-11 Firm Of Chem Fab Weissenstein Anode for forming percompounds
CH236579A (de) * 1942-03-20 1945-02-28 Degussa Elektrode mit hohem anodischem Übergangswiderstand.
US2631115A (en) * 1949-08-06 1953-03-10 Manganese Battery Corp Electrodes for electrochemical cells
US2636856A (en) * 1948-06-29 1953-04-28 Mallory & Co Inc P R Electrode for electrochemical oxidation
DE904490C (de) * 1952-03-02 1954-02-18 Degussa Metallische Formkoerper
US2719797A (en) * 1950-05-23 1955-10-04 Baker & Co Inc Platinizing tantalum
US2734837A (en) * 1953-10-03 1956-02-14 Surface treatment of titanium or
US2795541A (en) * 1951-12-22 1957-06-11 Degussa Electrolytic production of percompounds
US2863819A (en) * 1955-08-25 1958-12-09 Herman S Preiser Insoluble trailing anode for cathodic protection of ships
US2873233A (en) * 1956-03-21 1959-02-10 Philco Corp Method of electrodepositing metals

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CH100171A (de) * 1922-06-12 1923-07-16 Chem Fab Weissenstein Ges M B Anode zur Herstellung von Perverbindungen.
NL88097C (en)) * 1951-12-31
GB762590A (en) * 1952-12-22 1956-11-28 Rem Cru Titanium Inc Improvements in or relating to titanium base alloys containing antimony
US2754204A (en) * 1954-12-31 1956-07-10 Rem Cru Titanium Inc Titanium base alloys
US2893864A (en) * 1958-02-04 1959-07-07 Harris Geoffrey Thomas Titanium base alloys
US2998359A (en) * 1958-11-25 1961-08-29 Engelhard Ind Inc Method for preparing anodes for cathodic protection systems

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1477099A (en) * 1922-07-07 1923-12-11 Firm Of Chem Fab Weissenstein Anode for forming percompounds
CH236579A (de) * 1942-03-20 1945-02-28 Degussa Elektrode mit hohem anodischem Übergangswiderstand.
US2636856A (en) * 1948-06-29 1953-04-28 Mallory & Co Inc P R Electrode for electrochemical oxidation
US2631115A (en) * 1949-08-06 1953-03-10 Manganese Battery Corp Electrodes for electrochemical cells
US2719797A (en) * 1950-05-23 1955-10-04 Baker & Co Inc Platinizing tantalum
US2795541A (en) * 1951-12-22 1957-06-11 Degussa Electrolytic production of percompounds
DE904490C (de) * 1952-03-02 1954-02-18 Degussa Metallische Formkoerper
US2734837A (en) * 1953-10-03 1956-02-14 Surface treatment of titanium or
US2863819A (en) * 1955-08-25 1958-12-09 Herman S Preiser Insoluble trailing anode for cathodic protection of ships
US2873233A (en) * 1956-03-21 1959-02-10 Philco Corp Method of electrodepositing metals

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4298445A (en) * 1977-05-09 1981-11-03 Marston Excelsior Limited Anode for cathodic protection system
US4137370A (en) * 1977-08-16 1979-01-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Titanium and titanium alloys ion plated with noble metals and their alloys
US4238551A (en) * 1979-03-05 1980-12-09 Halcon Research & Development Corporation Composition for inhibiting corrosion of titanium
US5421968A (en) * 1985-05-07 1995-06-06 Eltech Systems Corporation Cathodic protection system for a steel-reinforced concrete structure
US5451307A (en) * 1985-05-07 1995-09-19 Eltech Systems Corporation Expanded metal mesh and anode structure
US5639358A (en) * 1985-05-07 1997-06-17 Eltech Systems Corporation Cathodic protection system for a steel-reinforced concrete structure
US5759361A (en) * 1985-05-07 1998-06-02 Eltech Systems Corporation Cathodic protection system for a steel-reinforced concrete structure
US6254743B1 (en) 1985-05-07 2001-07-03 Eltech Systems Corporation Expanded titanium metal mesh
US4614574A (en) * 1985-12-06 1986-09-30 The Dow Chemical Company Impressed current anode bed
US20140353168A1 (en) * 2012-02-07 2014-12-04 Industrie De Nora S.P.A. Electrode for electrochemical abatement of chemical oxygen demand of industrial wastes
US10287190B2 (en) * 2012-02-07 2019-05-14 Industrie De Nora S.P.A. Electrode for electrochemical abatement of chemical oxygen demand of industrial wastes

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Publication number Publication date
DE1281232B (de) 1968-10-24
IT593326A (en))
US3118828A (en) 1964-01-21
FR1207838A (fr) 1960-02-18
DE1421368A1 (de) 1968-10-10
NL247771A (en))
NL126074C (en))
AU231949B1 (en) 1959-01-22
GB877901A (en) 1961-09-20
NL124248C (en))
GB887941A (en) 1962-01-24
NL229673A (en))
LU36275A1 (en))
CH386401A (de) 1965-01-15
LU38186A1 (en))
CH416580A (de) 1966-07-15
BE569500A (en))
CA625003A (en) 1961-08-01

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