US3251365A - Tobacco smoke filter - Google Patents

Tobacco smoke filter Download PDF

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US3251365A
US3251365A US262653A US26265363A US3251365A US 3251365 A US3251365 A US 3251365A US 262653 A US262653 A US 262653A US 26265363 A US26265363 A US 26265363A US 3251365 A US3251365 A US 3251365A
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United States
Prior art keywords
filter
smoke
adsorbent
oxide
tobacco
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US262653A
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English (en)
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Ii Charles H Keith
Jr William W Bates
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to NL293155D priority Critical patent/NL293155A/xx
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US262653A priority patent/US3251365A/en
Priority to FR933266A priority patent/FR1356061A/fr
Priority to ES287631A priority patent/ES287631A1/es
Priority to NL293155A priority patent/NL123406C/xx
Priority to GB20364/63A priority patent/GB973854A/en
Priority to BE640746A priority patent/BE640746A/xx
Priority to FI244363A priority patent/FI40148C/fi
Priority to SE14116/63A priority patent/SE302737B/xx
Priority to DE19631517297D priority patent/DE1517297B1/de
Priority to CH1583163A priority patent/CH440083A/de
Priority to AT1036763A priority patent/AT251464B/de
Priority to LU45118D priority patent/LU45118A1/xx
Priority to DK31164AA priority patent/DK111197B/da
Priority to OA50219A priority patent/OA00272A/xx
Priority to CY32365A priority patent/CY323A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3251365A publication Critical patent/US3251365A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/2803—Sorbents comprising a binder, e.g. for forming aggregated, agglomerated or granulated products
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/14—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as additive
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
    • A24D3/163—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
    • B01J20/28066—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area being more than 1000 m2/g
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30—Active carbon
    • C01B32/312—Preparation
    • C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
    • C01B32/348—Metallic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30—Active carbon
    • C01B32/354—After-treatment
    • C01B32/384—Granulation

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a filtering material and filter construction for removing deleterious materials from' tobacco smoke while maintaining a pleasant tasting smoke. It is intended for use either attached to cigarettes and cigars, or as a separate cartridge filter for pipes and cigarette or cigar holders.
  • Tobacco smoke consists of a gaseous or Vapor phase in which are suspended liquid or semiliquid droplets or solid particles (herein referred to generally as droplets) which form the visible smoke stream.
  • the cigarette filters of commerce consisting of a bundle of cellulosic fibers or convoluted creped paper formed into a cylindrical plug, are designed to and do remove varying proportions of these droplets passing through them. lThey do not effectively remove gaseous molecules, except for components soluble in cellulose acetate, with the result that the gaseous or vapor phase normally passes through such a filter substantially unaffected by it.
  • The-commonly utilized cigarette filter of commerce removes from tobacco smoke a proportion of the droplets passing through it. This is accomplished by a cornbination of diffusional, impactive, and direct collision of the droplets with the filter fibers. Upon collision the droplets are retained on the fibers by the surface attraction 'between the extremely small particles and the relatively large fiber.
  • Such fibrous filters are, however, not particularly effective for removing vaporized components from the smoke stream by the processes of physical and chemical adsorption.
  • the smooth and non-porous nature of the commonly used fibrous filtering materials, while ice effective in capturing tobacco smoke droplets, does not present a sufficient surface area to effectively; adsorb gaseous molecules.
  • an ordinary I'cellulose acetate cigarette filter plug has a surface area ranging from 1,000 to 10,000 square centimeters per gram of material. This affords insufiicient surface area for effective adsorption of gaseous molecules, and has no significant selectivity.
  • a vaporized material is sufficiently soluble in the fibrous material so that its surface concentration is rapidly depleted, a significant removal can be achieved by the process of absorption.
  • An example of such a material present in tobacco smoke is phenol, which has a pronounced solubility in cellulose acetate filtering material.
  • Cellulose acetate filters allow both hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen sulfide to pass through in undesirably high concentrations.
  • the preferred method heretofore used of including these adsorbents to tobacco smoke filters has been by dusting, spraying, tumbling, slurrying, or otherwise incorporating the finely-divided adsorbent into the brous material which forms the filter or a part thereof.
  • Such adsorbent-containing tobacco smoke filters are only partially effective for several reasons.
  • the adsorbent is often rendered ineffective by the incorporation process and subsequent handling in the cigarette manufacturing and distribution process, in that water, plasticizing agents, glues, adhesives and volatile flavoring materials, in prolonged close contact with the finely-divided adsorbent, partially or completely utilize the adsorbent sur'- face, thus decreasing its'capacity to adsorb gaseous molecules from the smoke stream.
  • the principal object of this invention is to provide a filtering material and a tobacco smoke filter capable of extracting from tobacco smoke a significantly large proportion of the acidic gaseous compounds hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen sulfide, and at the same time so operating upon all components of the smoke stream that the taste of the smoke is unimpaired or is improved.
  • our filtering material for use in connection with smoking articles of any kind, comprises adsorbent granules of any of the known gas-adsorbent materials having a specific surface area exceeding a million square centimeters per gram, preferably but not necessarily activated charcoal, these granules having a particle size between about 8 and about 50 mesh and being impregnated with the finely-divided oxides of both iron and zinc, each oxide being present in an amount not less than about 1% nor more-than about 13% by weight on the adsorbent and the two oxides together not exceeding about 14% by weight thereon, preferably one or both of the oxides being present in an amount between about 4% and about 6% by weight on the adsorbent.
  • the filter material is impregnated with about 1% to 13% by weight thereof of an oxide selected from the group consisting of iron and zinc oxides, plus at least 1% of the other (non-selected) oxide in said group, said oxides being present in finely divided forms and together present in an amount not exceeding 14% of the weight of the adsorbent granules; preferably, the filter material is impregnated with between about 4% and 6% of the selected oxide.
  • a tobacco smoke filter for use either in a cigarette or in a cigar or cigarette holder, consisting of two spaced-apart filter plugs of conventional and known type, for example, of perforated paper, plastic, metal, a bundle of cellulosic fibers or convoluted crepe papers which are secured in coaxial alinement by means of a wrapper or tube which also secures them separated a short distance from each other thus forming a chamber between them defined by their opposing end faces and by said wrapper or tube, the chamber containing a suitable amount of the filtering material above described.
  • adsorbent material for example activated charcoal, either before or after screening to appropriate particle size
  • an aqueous mixed solution of (a) a substance selected from the group consisting of Zinc carbonate, Zinc Oxide and xine acetate, (b) a substance selected from the group consisting of ferrie ammonium citrate, ferric citrate, ferrous citrate, ferrous ammonium citrate, ferrous acetate and ferrous ammonium carbonate, and (c) ammonia, a preferred mixture being Zinc carbonate, ferric ammonium citrate and ammonia, for about 5 to 20 minutes, and then heating the wetted adsorbent material under conditions and for a time long enough to decompose the adsorbed salts to their respective metal oxides and to drive off liberated ammonia, carbon dioxide and other gases Without oxidizing the adsorbent material.
  • the relative amounts of ingredients (a) and (b) are selected in
  • FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a cut away cigarette equipped with a filter tip of our invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is a longitudinal section of a filter cartridge suitable for use in the stems of pipes and cigar or cigarette holders and containing an embodiment of our invention.
  • 10 is a cigarette column of the dimensions ordinarily found in filter cigarettes, which is comprised of a mass of shredded tobacco 11, wrapped in cigarette paper 12. Attached to this column 10, by means of a paper wrapper 13, is a filter assembly 14. This assembly 14 is originally prepared in a rod containing multiple filter units. This is sectioned and attached to the tobacco column 11 by methods commonly The filter assembly 14 consists of three parts-the plugs 15 and 16 and our filtering material packed in space 17 between the plugs. The plugs 15 and 16, one located next to the tobacco column 10 and the other at the end of the filter assembly remote from the tobacco, consist of fibrous tobacco smoke filtering material of the kind generally used in filter cigarette manufacture.
  • each fibrous or creped filter plug 15 and 16 is respectively wrapped in an additional paper wrapper 18, 19 to facilitate handling during thefilter making process.
  • the length of each of plugs 15 and 16 may be between 5 and 10 millimeters and its diameter such that the finished assembly will match the diameter of the tobacco column 11.
  • the two plugs 15 and 16 are enclosed within and secured in coaxial alinernent by a tubular wrapper 20 of paper which holds them in spacedapart relationship so as to form a chamber 17 between them whose walls are defined by the opposed ends of plugs 15 and 16 and by the exposed inner annular surface of wrapper 20 between the plugs.
  • Chamber 17 is loosely packed with our filtering material as described below.
  • This chamber may be from 2 to 15 millimeters in length, and may contain from 40 to 400 milligrams of granular impregnated filtering material.
  • a cartridge filter assembly 24 is provided for insertion into the stems of pipes and suitable plastic or metallic cigarette and cigar holders.
  • This assembly consists of a tube 25 of paper, plastic material or metal.
  • This tube may be fitted at each end with plugs 26 and 27, of porous material through which tobacco smoke can pass.
  • plugs 26 and 27 of porous material through which tobacco smoke can pass.
  • Suitable plugs of perforated paper, plastic or metal, or fibrous filter plugs can serve this purpose. These plugs may be of such dimensions and porosity as to remove practically none, or else considerable quantities, of the passing smoke droplets.
  • either or both of these plugs 26 and 27, may be replaced by perforated end caps made of thinpaper, plastic or metal.
  • the plugs and/or caps may be glued, Welded or solvent sealed to the cartridge tube 25.
  • the chamber 27 created by the cartridge tube 25 and the end plugs and/or caps 26 and 27 is loosely packed with our filtering material described below, the amount depending upon the volume of the chamber.
  • adsorbent substances are suitable for impregnation and use according to this invention.
  • Examples are activated charcoal, alumina, natural and synthetic clays and silica gel, each of which has a specific surface area exceeding one million square centimeters per gram.
  • the preferred adsorbent is a high density activated charcoal with good mechanical strength.
  • Such material of gas adsorbent grade has a specific surface area in excess of 5 million square centimeters per gram.
  • Suitable carbons for this purpose are obtained from nut shells or can be manufactured from bituminous coal.
  • the adsorbent when used in a tobacco smoke filter, should be in the form of granules or particles of a size between about 8 and 50 mesh, that is, such size that they will pass through a U.S. Series number 8 sieve but not through a U.S. Series number 50 sieve. 'Particles larger than 8 mesh are difcult to handle and to incorporate in the chamber section of the iilter assembly; particles smaller than 50 mesh adversely affect the draw resistance.
  • the impregnated adsotrbent for example activated carbon
  • a solution can be prepared by separately dissolving zinc carbonate in ammonia water and Vferric ammonium citrate in Water. The two solutions are mixed in the desired amounts to obtain a treatment solution.
  • zinc carbonate, ferrie ammonium citrate, and water are placed in a reaction vessel and ammonia is introduced until a solution saturated with ammonia at 28 C. is achieved.
  • VThis solution can be used as is or can be appropriately diluted for soaking the carbon.
  • the excess solution is removed by suction filtration.
  • the wetted carbon granules are then roasted to decompose the adsorbed salts to the respective metal oxides.
  • the adsorbed zinc g ammonium carbonate component decomposes with the liberation of ammonia and carbon dioxide leaving a residue which is chiefly zinc oxide. This residue is uniformly distributed throughout the porous carbon granules.
  • the ferrie ammonium citrate component of the solution decomposes with the evolution of ammonia and the thermal decomposition products of the citrate ion.
  • the residual material left from the decomposition of this component of the solution is a mixture of ferrous, ferroso-ferric, and ferrie oxides, the lower oxidation states being obtained through reduction of the original ferrie ion by the carbon adsorbent.
  • This mixture of iron oxides is referred to as iron oxide throughout the specification and claims. It is found .that this decomposition is essentially complete after heating for one hour or more at temperatures between 175 and 350 C. in a suicient flow of air to carry off the gaseous decomposition products. r Complete removal of these gaseous decomposition products is achieved if the carbon is heated to temperatures betweenl 300 and 500 C. in an inert atmosphere for periods in excess of 45 minutes. Steam, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide have been found to be effective as an inert atmosphere.
  • other salts of the desired metals may be utilized in place of zinc carbonate and ferrie ammonium citrate.
  • zinc oxide or zinc acetate may be substituted for zinc carbonate.
  • -Ferric citrate, ferrous, citrate, ferrous ammonium citrate, ferrous acetate, or ferrous ammonium carbonate may be satisfaetorily substituted for ferrie ammonium citrate.
  • Inorganic ferrie or ferrous salts are excluded as ferrous and ferric hydoxides precipitate from them when they are mixed into the ammoniacal zinc carbonate solution.
  • 'Ihe percentages by weight of zinc oxide and iron oxide can be best controlled by adjustment of the concentration of the zinc compound and iron compound, respectively, in the treatment solution.
  • Treatment of another l0gram carbon sample with 24 milliliters of a solution containing 109.0 rug/ml. of zinc ion and 77.5 ing/ml.
  • the oxide levels may be controlled by repeated treatments with solutions containing salts of one or -both of the desired metals.
  • the carbon is soaked in the desired solution and the wetted carbon'is heated at 110 C. until dry, and then the process is repeated until the desired level of treatment is attained.
  • diiculty soluble iron salts such as ferrous ammonium carbonate are utilized in the treatment solution.
  • treated adsorbent exhibits the undesirable taste properties.
  • Treated activated carbon containing. from 1 to 13% by weight of carbon of zinc oxide and 1 to 13% by weight of iron oxide are found to be effective, with the preferred level being 4 to 6%l of each oxide.
  • plasticized cellulose acetate filter plugs with a denier per lament of 2.8 and a total denier of 50,000. These 20 mm. plugs were attached to 65 mm. cigarettes containing a standard commercial tobacco blend to make a lfinished 85 mm. cigarette with a circumference of 24.75 millimeters. These cigarettes were designated by the code number 7A.
  • Sample 5A Chamber empty.4
  • Sample 6A Chamber filled with untreated BPL carbon I as obtained from the manufacturer.
  • the impregnating solution used in making Sample 8A cigarettes contained 600 grams of ferric citrate in 1 liter of saturated ammoniacal solution.
  • the impregnating solutionv in the case of Sample 9A consisted of 187.5l
  • the five above sample cigarettes consisting of a control (5A), an untreated carbon (6A), a carbon treated with both zinc and iron oxides (7A), a carbon treated with iron oxide only (8A), and a carbon treated with zinc oxide only (9A) were subjected to the tests shown below.
  • the five sample cigarettes were tested for the content of hydrogen cyanide in the effluent smoke stream. Samples of 5 of each of the five sample cigarettes were smoked on an automatic smoking machine to a 30 mm. butt by taking 40 ml. puffs of 2 seconds duration once every minute.
  • the smoking machine and smoke collection system were that described by Keith and Newsome in Tobacco Science, 1, 1 (1957). In general, the cigarettes were consumed in 7 puffs.
  • the collection traps which were cooled to minus 70 C. during the smoking operation, were allowed to warm up to C. in an ice bath, and were maintained at that temperature for 10 minutes to allow interfering volatile materials to escape. The collection traps were then extracted repeatedly with small volumes of 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution until slightly less than 250 ml. of solution was obtained. This solution was made up to 250 ml. with 0.1 N NaOH for the cyanide measurement.
  • the cyanide content of the smoke solutions was measured by an adaptation of the spontaneous electrolysis technique of Baker and Morrison as published in Analytical Chemistry, 27, 1306 (1955).
  • a solution containing cyanide ion when placed between a silver electrode and a platinum electrode generates an electrolytic current over a period of several minutes.
  • a measure of the cyanide content is obtained.
  • the measurement of the standard cyanide solution is made directly after the measurement of the smoke solution, and is made in exactly the same manner and with the same resistances in the circuit.
  • the hydrogen sulfide content of the smoke obtained from Sample cigarettes 5A, 6A,'7A, 8A and 9A was estimated by a color reaction involving the formation of methylene blue dye. Specifically the method described by M. B. Jacobs in the Analytical Chemistry ofY Industrial Poisons, Hazards, and Solvents, 2nd edition, page 326, was utilized. 13 milliliters of 1% aqueous zinc acetate and 0.5 ml. of aqueous sodium hydroxide are placed in ⁇ an evacuated flask of approximately 55 milliliter volume. The flask is then connected through a fiowlimiting orifice and a Cambridge CM-113 filter pad to a lighted cigarette, thus forming a smoking apparatus.
  • the vacuum in the flask which is adjusted to a level which will give a 40 ml. puff on the cigarette, draws smoke from the cigarette through the filter pad and orifice.
  • the filter pad separates out the condensed smoke particles, and the orifice limits the rate at which smoke kgases are 'drawn from the cigarette, thus providing a normally shaped puff which lasts for two seconds similar to that taken byautomatic smoking machines.
  • the fourth puff was taken on all cigarettes, as this should represent most nearly the average of all puffs taken on each cigarette. Previous puffs were taken on -the automatic smoking machine previously mentioned, and the cigarette was transferred to the flask smoking apparatus between the 8 third and fourth puffs. After drawing the smoke gases into the evacuated bulb, the bulb was closed off and shaken to absorb the hydrogen sulfide in the reagent solution.
  • the five sample cigarettes were tested for their inhibitory effect on the motility of the ciliated cells of rabbit trachea.
  • the technique utilized was an adaptation of that described by Batista in the June 1962 issue of the ADL Review published by Arthur D. Little, Inc., of Cambridge, Mass.
  • seven cigarettes of each of the Samples 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A and 9A were smoked in an apparatus which drew a 40 ml. puff once a minute, and the smoke was led directly over an excised specimen of rabbit trachea.
  • the ciliated specimen was mounted at an inclined angle in an exposure chamber and was continuously fed with Tyrodes physiological salt solution at its lower extremity.
  • the normal action of the cilia removing small solid particles of foreign matter was observed by dusting a small number of 50 to 100 micron carbon particles on the ciliated tissue and observing the motion of these particles along the trachea by means of a microscope. It was observed that the cilia would move the particles at a constant rate of 20 to 30 millimeters per minute when the exposure chamber was filled with saturated air.
  • the ciliated specimens were exposed to successive puffs from each cigarette until all ciliary action ceased or until the cigarette was expended after eight puffs.
  • Samples 6A, 7A, 8A and 9A where ciliary action was slowed down but not completely inhibited the percentage inhibition after 8 puffs is given in Table I.
  • Sample cigarette 5A caused a complete inhibition of ciliary action in 3 to 6 puffs.
  • Commercial unfiltered cigarettes frequently cause complete cessation of ciliary action after one puff in this test and generally cause complete cessation after two puffs.
  • Each of the five sample cigarettes was then submitted to a 9-member taste panel composed of men who had considerable experience in the art of describing and evaluat- 9 ing the taste and aroma of cigarette smoke.
  • the taste characteristics were the same as those evaluated in the 3- man panel.
  • the cigarettes were coded and unidentified,
  • a smoking article having a bumable tobacco charge, a mouth end and a filter interposed between said tobacco charge and said mouth end, said filter comprising filter material consisting essentially of non-toxic activated charcoal granules having a specific surface area exceeding a durlng the test.
  • filter material consisting essentially of non-toxic activated charcoal granules having a specific surface area exceeding a durlng the test.
  • Sweet fragrance (f5-man panel) 0 U 3 1 1 Sweet fragrance (t9-man panel) 1. 8 2. 2 1 2. 7 Y 2.3 2. 2 smoothness rating (B-man panel)- 1 3' 4 3 2 smoothness rating (t9-man panel) 2. 0 3. 2 3. 4 2. 9 2. 7 Undesired taste elements (Scale 0 to 5) 3 l2 V1 2 a 2. 5 2. 1 1. 7 2. 2 213 4 2 1 3 2 2. 8 1. 9 2. 1 2. 6 2. 3
  • the cigarette filter of this invention containing both iron and zinc oxides impregnated on charcoal (Sample No. 7A) removed considerably more hydrogen cy-anide from tobacco smoke than did a filter of activated charcoal impregnated Iwith either iron oxide or zinc oxide alone (Samples 8A and 9A respectively), or an unimpregnated charcoal filter (Sample 6A).
  • the smoke from Sample ,cigarette 7A of this invention contained more hydrogen sulfide than the smoke from Sample cigarette 9A, but less than the smoke from any of the other cigarettes.
  • Cigarette-s containing the filters of this invention caused the least ciliary .inhibition of any of the samples tested, after 8 puffs.
  • Cigarettes of this invention are markedly superior in taste to the other cigarettes tested, both in the presence of desired taste elements and the absence of undesired taste elements, as
  • a smoking article having a burnable tobacco charge, a mouth end and a filter interposed between said tobacco charge anda said mouth end, said filter comprising filter material consisting essentially of non-toxic adsorbent granules selected from the group consisting of activated charcoal, alumina, natural and synthetic clays and silica gel having a specific surface area exceeding a million square centimeters per gram, a particle size between 8 to 50 mesh, and impregnated with about 1% to 13% by weight thereof of an oxide selected from the group consisting of iron and zinc oxides, plus at least 1% of the other (non-selected) oxide in said group, said oxides being in finely-divided form and together present in an amount not exceeding about 14% of the weight of the adsorbent granules, said filter being designed to remove hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen sulfide from tobacco smoke.
  • filter material consisting essentially of non-toxic adsorbent granules selected from the group consisting of activated charcoal,
  • said filter being designed to remove hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen sulfide from tobacco smoke.
  • a cigarette having a burnable tobacco charge, a mouth end and a filter interposed between said tobacco charge and said mouth end, said filter consisting of a first filter plug, a second filter plug coaxial with the first, a wrapper securing said plugs in coaxial alignment and separated from each other to form a chamber between them defined by their opposing end faces and by said wrapper, said chamber containing non-toxic activated charcoal granules having a specific surface area exceeding a million square centimeters per gram, a particle size between 8 to 50 mesh, and impregnated with about 1% to 13% by weight thereof of an oxide selected from the group consisting of iron and zinc oxides, plus at least 1% of the other (non-selected) oxide in said group, said oxides being in finely-divided form and together present in' an amount not exceeding about 14% of the weight of the charcoal granules, said filter being designed to remove hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen sulfide from tobacco smoke.
  • a cigarette having a burnable tobacco charge, a mouth end and a filter interposed between said tobacco charge and said mouth end, said filter comprising filter material consisting essentially of non-toxic absorbent granules selected from the group consisting of activated charcoal, alumina, natural and synthetic clays and silica gel having a specific surface area exceeding a million square centimeters per gram, a particle size between 8 to50 mesh and impregnated with about 1 to 13% by iweight thereof of an oxide selected from the group con- .sisting of iron and zinc oxides, plus at least 1% of the other (nonselected) oxide in said group, said oxides being in finely divided form and together present in an amount vnot exceeding about 14% by weight of the adsorbent granules, ⁇ said filter being designed to remove hydrogen cyanide .and hydrogen sulfide from the tobacco smoke.
  • filter material consisting essentially of non-toxic absorbent granules selected from the group consisting of activated charcoal,
  • a smoking article having a burnable tobacco charge, a mouth end and a cartridge tobacco smoke filter assembly consisting of a tube with a perforated end cap secured to said tube at each end thereof, said cartridge tobacco smoke filter assembly being interposed between said tbacco charge and said mouth end, the space within said tube and between said end caps containing iilter material consisting essentially of non-toxic adsorbent granules selected from the group consisting of activated charcoal, alumina, natural and synthetic clays and silica gel having a specific surface area exceeding a ymillion square centimeters per gram, a particle size between 8 to 50 mesh,y
  • a cylindrical tobacco smoke filter assembly consisting of a tube made from a material selected from the group consisting of paper, plastic and metal, said tube being fitted with plugs which are of such porosity so as to permit the passage of smoke therethrough, said tube containing loosely packed filter material consisting essentially of non-toxic adsorbent granules selected from the group consisting of activated charcoal, alumina, natural and synthetic clays and silica gel having a specific surface area exceeding a million square centimeters per gram, a particle size between 8 to 50 mesh, and impregnated with about 1% to 13% by weight thereof of an oxide selected from the group consisting of iron and zinc oxides, plus at least 1% of the other (non-selected) oxide in said group, said oxides being in finely-divided form and together present in an amount not exceeding about 14% of the weight of the non-toxic adsorbent granules, said filter being designed to-remove hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen sulde from tobacco smoke.
  • a cylindrical tobacco smoke filter assembly consisting of a paper tube, said tube being of a diameter approximating that of a cigarette to which it will be attached, said tube being fitted with two lter plugs in coi2 axial alignment which are of such porosity so as to permit the lpassage of smoke therethrough, the said filter plugs being separated from each other so as to form a chamber between them defined by their opposing end faces and by said tube, said chamber containing loosely packed filter material consisting essentially of non-toxic adsorbent granules selected from the group consisting of activated charcoal, alumina, natural and synthetic clays and silica gel having a specific surface area exceeding a million square centimeters per gram, a particle size between 8 to mesh, and impregnated with about 1% to 13% by weight thereof of an oxide selected from the group consisting of iron and zinc oxides, plus at least 1% of the other (non-selected) oxide in said group, said oxides being in finely-divided form and together present
US262653A 1963-03-04 1963-03-04 Tobacco smoke filter Expired - Lifetime US3251365A (en)

Priority Applications (16)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL293155D NL293155A (xx) 1963-03-04
US262653A US3251365A (en) 1963-03-04 1963-03-04 Tobacco smoke filter
FR933266A FR1356061A (fr) 1963-03-04 1963-04-30 Matière filtrante, notamment pour la fumée du tabac
ES287631A ES287631A1 (es) 1963-03-04 1963-05-03 Un procedimiento para fabricar un material de filtro del humo de tabaco
NL293155A NL123406C (xx) 1963-03-04 1963-05-22
GB20364/63A GB973854A (en) 1963-03-04 1963-05-22 Filter material
BE640746A BE640746A (xx) 1963-03-04 1963-12-03
FI244363A FI40148C (fi) 1963-03-04 1963-12-11 Filter för tobaksrök
SE14116/63A SE302737B (xx) 1963-03-04 1963-12-18
DE19631517297D DE1517297B1 (de) 1963-03-04 1963-12-20 Rauchfilter fuer Tabakwaren
CH1583163A CH440083A (de) 1963-03-04 1963-12-23 Filtermaterial
AT1036763A AT251464B (de) 1963-03-04 1963-12-23 Filtermaterial
LU45118D LU45118A1 (xx) 1963-03-04 1963-12-27
DK31164AA DK111197B (da) 1963-03-04 1964-01-21 Tobaksrøgfiltermateriale.
OA50219A OA00272A (fr) 1963-03-04 1964-07-29 Filtre matériel.
CY32365A CY323A (en) 1963-03-04 1965-10-30 Filter material

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US262653A US3251365A (en) 1963-03-04 1963-03-04 Tobacco smoke filter

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3251365A true US3251365A (en) 1966-05-17

Family

ID=22998436

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US262653A Expired - Lifetime US3251365A (en) 1963-03-04 1963-03-04 Tobacco smoke filter

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US3251365A (xx)
AT (1) AT251464B (xx)
BE (1) BE640746A (xx)
CH (1) CH440083A (xx)
CY (1) CY323A (xx)
DE (1) DE1517297B1 (xx)
DK (1) DK111197B (xx)
ES (1) ES287631A1 (xx)
FI (1) FI40148C (xx)
FR (1) FR1356061A (xx)
GB (1) GB973854A (xx)
LU (1) LU45118A1 (xx)
NL (2) NL123406C (xx)
OA (1) OA00272A (xx)
SE (1) SE302737B (xx)

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US3330285A (en) * 1964-07-14 1967-07-11 Arthur E Bergquist Filtering material and process
US3338246A (en) * 1964-05-04 1967-08-29 Union Carbide Corp Smoking tobacco preparation
US3351072A (en) * 1965-11-16 1967-11-07 Esco Corp Tobacco smoke filter
US3357320A (en) * 1965-02-05 1967-12-12 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Multiple filter assembly apparatus
US3390688A (en) * 1967-03-13 1968-07-02 Eastman Kodak Co Filter for removing oxides of nitrogen from tobacco smoke
US3390687A (en) * 1967-01-23 1968-07-02 Riviana Foods Inc Tobacco smoke filter for cigarettes, cigars, pipes and the like
US3403690A (en) * 1967-03-07 1968-10-01 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Filters for tobacco smoke
US3410277A (en) * 1966-08-10 1968-11-12 Lorillard Co P Tobacco having an oxadiazole additive
US3416541A (en) * 1965-10-24 1968-12-17 Andrew C. Hoover Jr. Cigarette filter
US3420245A (en) * 1965-02-05 1969-01-07 Eastman Kodak Co Particulate cellulose acetate tobacco smoke filter
US3424168A (en) * 1966-11-21 1969-01-28 Pittsburgh Activated Carbon Co Removing contaminants from cigarette smoke
US3426763A (en) * 1965-07-21 1969-02-11 Eastman Kodak Co Tobacco smoke filter having a coated carbon additive
US3428054A (en) * 1965-10-18 1969-02-18 Chemway Filters Inc Filter
US3428056A (en) * 1965-07-21 1969-02-18 Eastman Kodak Co Tobacco smoke filter incorporating coated polyolefin additive
US3434479A (en) * 1966-09-15 1969-03-25 Liggett & Myers Tobacco Co Permanganate tobacco smoke filter
US3459194A (en) * 1967-05-22 1969-08-05 Bertram Eichel Tobacco product incorporating a filter designed to inhibit the adverse effect of tobacco smoke on oral ubiquitous leucocytes
US3460543A (en) * 1966-03-21 1969-08-12 Liggett & Myers Inc Cigarette filter
US3502087A (en) * 1968-07-05 1970-03-24 Ernest J Romano Cigarette filter
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US3802441A (en) * 1972-01-26 1974-04-09 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Tobacco smoke filter additive
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US3858587A (en) * 1974-02-05 1975-01-07 Anthony R Cavelli Magna-tip
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US4201234A (en) * 1977-02-21 1980-05-06 Sasmoco, S.A. Filter for smoking article, mainly cigarette
US4226250A (en) * 1978-07-12 1980-10-07 Peterson Labs., Inc. Smoking system to filter tobacco smoke
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US4363333A (en) * 1979-11-13 1982-12-14 British-American Tobacco Company Limited Tobacco-smoke filters
US4889143A (en) * 1986-05-14 1989-12-26 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette rods and filters containing strands provided from sheet-like materials
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US20090038632A1 (en) * 2005-03-29 2009-02-12 Maria Cashmore Porous Carbon Materials and Smoking Articles and Smoke Filters Therefor Incorporating Such Materials
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US3327718A (en) * 1963-10-15 1967-06-27 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Tobacco-smoke filters
US3338246A (en) * 1964-05-04 1967-08-29 Union Carbide Corp Smoking tobacco preparation
US3330285A (en) * 1964-07-14 1967-07-11 Arthur E Bergquist Filtering material and process
US3357320A (en) * 1965-02-05 1967-12-12 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Multiple filter assembly apparatus
US3420245A (en) * 1965-02-05 1969-01-07 Eastman Kodak Co Particulate cellulose acetate tobacco smoke filter
US3428056A (en) * 1965-07-21 1969-02-18 Eastman Kodak Co Tobacco smoke filter incorporating coated polyolefin additive
US3426763A (en) * 1965-07-21 1969-02-11 Eastman Kodak Co Tobacco smoke filter having a coated carbon additive
US3428054A (en) * 1965-10-18 1969-02-18 Chemway Filters Inc Filter
US3416541A (en) * 1965-10-24 1968-12-17 Andrew C. Hoover Jr. Cigarette filter
US3351072A (en) * 1965-11-16 1967-11-07 Esco Corp Tobacco smoke filter
US3460543A (en) * 1966-03-21 1969-08-12 Liggett & Myers Inc Cigarette filter
US3410277A (en) * 1966-08-10 1968-11-12 Lorillard Co P Tobacco having an oxadiazole additive
US3434479A (en) * 1966-09-15 1969-03-25 Liggett & Myers Tobacco Co Permanganate tobacco smoke filter
US3424168A (en) * 1966-11-21 1969-01-28 Pittsburgh Activated Carbon Co Removing contaminants from cigarette smoke
US3390687A (en) * 1967-01-23 1968-07-02 Riviana Foods Inc Tobacco smoke filter for cigarettes, cigars, pipes and the like
US3403690A (en) * 1967-03-07 1968-10-01 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Filters for tobacco smoke
US3390688A (en) * 1967-03-13 1968-07-02 Eastman Kodak Co Filter for removing oxides of nitrogen from tobacco smoke
US3459194A (en) * 1967-05-22 1969-08-05 Bertram Eichel Tobacco product incorporating a filter designed to inhibit the adverse effect of tobacco smoke on oral ubiquitous leucocytes
US3527235A (en) * 1968-05-24 1970-09-08 Matra Corp Tobacco smoke filter device
US3502087A (en) * 1968-07-05 1970-03-24 Ernest J Romano Cigarette filter
US3602233A (en) * 1969-05-06 1971-08-31 Ppg Industries Inc Smoking device incorporating microporous glass particle filter
US3635226A (en) * 1969-06-16 1972-01-18 British American Tobacco Co Tobacco-smoke filters
US3664350A (en) * 1969-12-12 1972-05-23 Byron T Wall Cigarette
US3658069A (en) * 1970-02-17 1972-04-25 Stanford Research Inst Filter for reducing the level of carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke
US3596665A (en) * 1970-03-04 1971-08-03 Knud Lindgard Tobacco smoke filter
US3693632A (en) * 1970-04-20 1972-09-26 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Tobacco-smoke filters
US3636957A (en) * 1971-03-05 1972-01-25 Charles M Saffer Jr Cigar smoke filter and method for improving the quality of cigar smoke
US3703901A (en) * 1971-03-11 1972-11-28 Liggett & Myers Inc Tobacco composition
US3809097A (en) * 1971-07-27 1974-05-07 B Clayton Tobacco smoke filter
US3802441A (en) * 1972-01-26 1974-04-09 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Tobacco smoke filter additive
US3882877A (en) * 1972-04-26 1975-05-13 Rothmans Of Pall Mall Filter for tobacco smoke
US3858587A (en) * 1974-02-05 1975-01-07 Anthony R Cavelli Magna-tip
US3998232A (en) * 1974-10-31 1976-12-21 Smith Avery B Filtering tobacco smoke
US4258730A (en) * 1975-02-26 1981-03-31 Seiko Tsukamoto Electrostatic and magnetic tobacco smoke filtering arrangement
US4038992A (en) * 1975-09-29 1977-08-02 The Japan Tobacco & Salt Public Corporation Granular composition for tobacco filter
US4149549A (en) * 1976-05-17 1979-04-17 Montclair Research Corporation Cigarette and filter
US4201234A (en) * 1977-02-21 1980-05-06 Sasmoco, S.A. Filter for smoking article, mainly cigarette
DE2911533A1 (de) * 1978-04-10 1979-10-18 British American Tobacco Co Aluminiumoxid-enthaltende chemisorbierende zusammensetzung
US4266561A (en) * 1978-04-10 1981-05-12 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Tobacco smoke filtering compositions
US4226250A (en) * 1978-07-12 1980-10-07 Peterson Labs., Inc. Smoking system to filter tobacco smoke
US4363333A (en) * 1979-11-13 1982-12-14 British-American Tobacco Company Limited Tobacco-smoke filters
US4889143A (en) * 1986-05-14 1989-12-26 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette rods and filters containing strands provided from sheet-like materials
US5360023A (en) * 1988-05-16 1994-11-01 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette filter
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FI40148C (fi) 1968-10-10
BE640746A (xx) 1964-06-03
ES287631A1 (es) 1963-11-01
FR1356061A (fr) 1964-03-20
LU45118A1 (xx) 1964-02-27
AT251464B (de) 1967-01-10
CY323A (en) 1965-10-30
CH440083A (de) 1967-07-15
NL293155A (xx)
NL123406C (xx) 1967-07-17
FI40148B (xx) 1968-06-28
OA00272A (fr) 1966-05-15
SE302737B (xx) 1968-07-29
GB973854A (en) 1964-10-28
DK111197B (da) 1968-06-24

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