US3196528A - Metal sheet article and process for making - Google Patents
Metal sheet article and process for making Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3196528A US3196528A US160282A US16028261A US3196528A US 3196528 A US3196528 A US 3196528A US 160282 A US160282 A US 160282A US 16028261 A US16028261 A US 16028261A US 3196528 A US3196528 A US 3196528A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- component
- sheet
- zirconium
- aluminum
- blank
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/016—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of aluminium or aluminium alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/02—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers
- B21D53/04—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of sheet metal
- B21D53/045—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of sheet metal by inflating partially united plates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
- Y10T29/49366—Sheet joined to sheet
- Y10T29/49369—Utilizing bond inhibiting material
- Y10T29/49371—Utilizing bond inhibiting material with subsequent fluid expansion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12292—Workpiece with longitudinal passageway or stopweld material [e.g., for tubular stock, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12347—Plural layers discontinuously bonded [e.g., spot-weld, mechanical fastener, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12389—All metal or with adjacent metals having variation in thickness
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
- Y10T428/12764—Next to Al-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12986—Adjacent functionally defined components
Definitions
- the present invention relates to novel alloy compositions having improved strength combined with ductility, to the methods of forming the alloys and of forming articles therefrom. More particularly, this invention relates to the formation of metal sheet articles having I hollow portions developed therein by inflation, wherein 5 one side of the sheet has higher strength than the other and remains essentially smooth and flat following the I inflation.
- sheets which are flat on one side may be formed by the use of formed dies.
- the cost of formed dies and the additional labor and material needed results in a higher cost product over the products obtained from processes which can be used in forming coolant flow passages bulged out of one side of a sheet, but which does not rely. on the preparation and use of formed dies.
- products having a substantial difference in the radius of curvature of the tube walls formed by free inflation have been prepared using bi-alloy blanks, i.e., blanks formed with component sheets of two distinct alloys; and also using bi-gauge blanks, i.e., blanks formed with component sheets of different gauge.
- bi-alloy blanks i.e., blanks formed with component sheets of two distinct alloys
- bi-gauge blanks i.e., blanks formed with component sheets of different gauge.
- No product has been formed commercially, however, which is flat on one side as a result of free inflation, nor has any product been formed heretofore which remains flat, after or inflation into a one-side-flat configuration when subjccted to high fluid pressures as in pressure testing at pressures of pounds per square inch or in use with fluids at the higher pressures.
- a very desirable condition for forming one-side-flat refrigeration panels, and particularly for forming the blanks from which such panels are subsequently formed by inflation of the coolant passageways, is an essential identity of properties of the components employed in making the blank up to the point where the joining of the panel-s is completed. However, from this point on it is desirable that there be a substantial difference between certain properties of one sheet and the same properties of the other sheet of the composite.
- the desirable combinations of properties for formation of a product of this type are essentially selfcontradictory. This is so because, although an essentially identical set of metal working characteristics is desired in the component starting sheets for formation of the blank, a very different set of properties is desired for formation of the expanded panel from the blank by inflation.
- One of the problems, which is encountered in forming a blank capable of ready conversion into a bi-alloy oneside-flat refrigeration panel, is that of controlling the dimensions and alignment of the component sheets during the pressure bonding operation. Where substantial differences of physical or metalurgical properties, or other metal working characteristics, exist between the starting sheets, such problems as dimensional control, curling, and misalignment are aggravated during the operations leading up to the formation of the completed composite blank.
- the pattern of stopweld is placed on the harder of the two component alloy sheets because there is appreciable difference in the degree of extension of the softer sheet. The result is the production of products with poorer specifications and an increase in the amount of the waste produced.
- One object of the present invention is to provide novel aluminum alloy compositions having desirable combinations of properties such as combined strength and ductility.
- a further object is to provide a method for fabricating a one-sidedlathollow panel. 7 7
- Still another object is to form a blank subject to being expanded into a -oneside-flat pressure bonded metal sheet where the layers of said blank have essentially the same plasticity during a pressure bonding operation.
- the ingot was subjected to preferred temperature between 850 F. and 900 F. for The time interval specified'is the time during which the alloyis within the stated temperature range.
- Another objeet is to provide a method for fabricating Where zirconium concentrations are higherfor exam ple approaching 0.3 percent,'longer soak periods, up to .about hours, are used to make possible production of the best mechanical properties after cold work.
- ' lower zirconium concentrations, in the preferred range of ti-on may be achieved 'by'preparing a sheet from an ingot of 1100 aluminum alloy containing from about 0.1 to
- an article comprising a composite sheet of aluminum :1'100'alloy having hollow portions between component layers thereof, one layer of said sheet being essentially fiat and containing between Examples
- a sample of aluminum alloy 1100 was melted :and alloyed with zirconium to give a composition containing a 0.12 percent zirconium inthe alloy.
- the molten com position was then cast by the DC casting process, entering the DC casting mold at a temperature between 1325 F. and 1375 'F. Care was exercised to avoid having the vmolten composition enter the mold at a temperature below 1325 F.
- the cast ingot contained zirconiumiin solid solutionand ZrAl dispersed'in extremely fine form of microscopic and submicroscopic particles. In order to in hot rolling, and will produce a surface which shows undesirable streaking and/or discoloration from the anodizing treatment.
- this preheat treatment is essential in ensuring the presence of ,a' maximum amount of the zirconium in the form of a very fine or microscopic dispersion of ZrAl uniformly distributed through the process ingot.
- this dispersion has essentially no effect on the hot rolling properties of the alloy, an opti-v posite product.
- the ingot can be hot rolled to some intermediate gage and then cold rolled to final gage wherethis cold rolling is followed by an anneal.
- The'upper temperature limit of 950 F. for soaking or subsequent primary heat treatment of the alloy is necessary because above this temperature the zirconium begins to redissolve, and this can lead to subsequent reprecipitation of the ZrAl in the less desirable larger particle form.
- ' percent zirconium is prepared for assemblywith a dimensionally corresponding sample of aluminum alloy 1100.
- the faces of the components to be confronted in theassembly may be cleaned by conventional steps such as brushing, organic. solvent degreasing, etching in acid solutions, or. similar conventional steps. 7
- a pattern of stop weld is applied a to one of thesurfaces-to be confronted.
- the assembly may then .be tack welded atits corners topreserve align ment during subsequent processing.
- the redesigny is then heated as part of the secondary metal processing operation to a temperature between 900 F. and 975 F. and is pressure bonded by hot rolling with a reduction of about 65 percent. This hot reduction is followed by a cold reduction by rolling of about 30 percent.. Excellent metallurgical pressure bonding is pro-. **d by this combination of steps.
- a large difference in yield strength is developed between the two alloys by subjecting the composite blank to a critical partial annealing practice.
- the partial annealing is carried out between a temperature of 550 F. and 600 F. for a period of between 30 and 60 minutes.
- the yield strength of aluminum alloy 1100 containing zirconium after annealing at 700 F. for to 20 minutes is 5,900 p.s.i. and 5,700 p.s.i. respectively, while that of commercially available annealed aluminum alloy 1100 is 5,900.
- a partial annealing resulted in the alloy having a yield strength of ranging from 11,000 p.s.i. to 4,000 p.s.i. after 30 to 60 minutes annealing at 550 F., respectively, and was almost constant at 4,000 p.s.i. after 30 minutes annealing at 600 F.
- an aluminum alloy 1100 containing 0.20 percent Zr as a component of a composite has yield strength values of about 20,000 p.s.i. and 17,500 p.s.i. after annealing at temperatures of 550 F. and 600 F. respectively, almost independent of annealing times between 30 and 60 minutes.
- the preferred partial annealing cycle is a heating at 550 F. for about 60 minutes to develop the higher yield strength differential without any significant sacrifice of the tensile properties.
- This partial annealing is followed by inflation of the partially annealed blank using the differential pressure inflation procedure employing a cavity dye as referred to above to expand the softer aluminum alloy 1100 component layer and to maintain the alloy 1100 containing 0.12 percent Zr in a smooth flat configuration.
- the inflation can be carried out by inflation of the partially annealed blank between platens as taught in the patent art pertinent to inflation methods although the same degree of smoothness and flatness of one side is not achieved by this inflation.
- the product formed in accordance with the foregoing described procedure is a hollow sheet article having internal tubes formed between the component sheets thereof.
- the tubes when formed by free inflation, have a larger radius of tube wall curvature on the harder component containing the finely dispersed zirconium, and a smaller radius of tube wall curvature in the component of aluminum sheet free of zirconium.
- the use of the aluminum alloy 1100 as a base is preferred where the desirable combination of properties possessed by this alloy are needed for the application to the use described.
- the inhibition of recovery and the development of increased yield properties as described above can be achieved in accordance with the present invention in any aluminum base alloy in which zirconium solubility is appreciable and from which the ZrAl can be precipitated in the extremely finely divided form.
- One such product is the product resulting from the above process, namely, a composite sheet having an aluminum alloy in one component layer and an aluminum alloy containing zirconium in extremely finely divided and uniformly dispersed form in the other sheet. Maximum difference in yield strength can be obtained only where substantially all of the zirconium is present in an extremely finely divided and uniformly dispersed form as a fine aluminide of zirconium.
- novel aluminum alloy compositions of this invention also have substantial uses, because of the novel properties thereof, although not provided in combination with distinct metals as composite structures.
- novel alloy compositions have distinctly improved properties only when that portion of the zirconium additive, present in the mircoscopically subdivided and uniformly distributed form, is at a concentration effective to inhibit the recovery of the alloy after cold work when subjected to a partial anneal. Maximum effectiveness of the zirconium additive is achieved when substantially all of the additive is present in the microscopically subdivided and uniformly distributed form.
- pressure-bonded butuninflated composite sheet product one layer of which is composed of the novel alloy of the invention is rolled, or to which it is heated in prepara tion for rolling, may vary and may range for short periods up to about 9755 1 withoutrapparent deleterious effects in the finished sheet. 'The temperature of the ina- I terial containing the aluminum should not normally be allowed to exceed 950 F.
- redissolution of ZrA l from the uniformly distributed microscopically subdivided form detracts from the effective contribution of the zirconium bearing phase to the desired combination of properties following cold working and partialannealing, particularly where the redissolutionis followed by hot rolling because the zirconium 'alurninide; is caused tobe precipitated by such rolling in an anisotropic form; Such precipitation causes non-uniform dispersions of the ZrAl and results in accentuated textural streaking and/or dis coloration on anodizing.
- the zir-' conium content of the alloy of thezirconium-bearmg component may be varied from between 0.1 percent and 0.3 percent;
- the optimum concentration range for ,zirconium content in1100 aluminum alloy to produce the maximum difference in yield strength for the inflation is between 0.12 percent and 0.18 percent;
- A a first component sheet of an aluminum base alloy havingfrom 0.1% to 0.3% zirconium distributed therein as a finely divided uniform dispersion of zirconium aluminide precipitate
- B a second component sheet of 'the'same aluminumbase alloy integrally'unifiedwith said first cornponent sheet, said second component sheet being p. free of said finely divided and uniformly dispersed zirconium aluminide.
- a composite article of aluminum sheet metal comprising (A) a first component sheet of an aluminum base alloy having from 0.1% to 0.3% zirconium distributed therein as a finely divided uniform dispersion of zirconium aluminide precipitate,
- Harrington The Effect of Single Addition Metals on the Recrystallization, Electrical Conductivity and Rupture Strength of Pure Aluminum, ASM 1 948 preprint, No. 15.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US160282A US3196528A (en) | 1961-12-18 | 1961-12-18 | Metal sheet article and process for making |
GB46770/62A GB1011675A (en) | 1961-12-18 | 1962-12-11 | Article and process for forming |
BR145501/62A BR6245501D0 (pt) | 1961-12-18 | 1962-12-17 | Processo para fabricar um painel de aluminio nova composicao de aluminio e aperfeicoada estrutura de folha ou chapa a base da mesma |
DE19621527575 DE1527575B1 (de) | 1961-12-18 | 1962-12-18 | Als Baublech bzw. Waermeaustauscher geeignete Hohlgegenstaende und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US160282A US3196528A (en) | 1961-12-18 | 1961-12-18 | Metal sheet article and process for making |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3196528A true US3196528A (en) | 1965-07-27 |
Family
ID=22576253
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US160282A Expired - Lifetime US3196528A (en) | 1961-12-18 | 1961-12-18 | Metal sheet article and process for making |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3196528A (de) |
BR (1) | BR6245501D0 (de) |
DE (1) | DE1527575B1 (de) |
GB (1) | GB1011675A (de) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3290125A (en) * | 1963-11-13 | 1966-12-06 | Olin Mathieson | Composite sheet metal article |
US3293733A (en) * | 1963-10-23 | 1966-12-27 | Olin Mathieson | Composite aluminum article and method for obtaining same |
US3340027A (en) * | 1963-10-23 | 1967-09-05 | Olin Mathieson | Composite aluminum sheet |
US3354531A (en) * | 1963-11-13 | 1967-11-28 | Olin Mathieson | Process for making hollow articles by differential heat treatment |
US3386820A (en) * | 1966-01-26 | 1968-06-04 | Olin Mathieson | Aluminum base alloy containing zirconium-chromium-manganese |
US3432903A (en) * | 1964-12-29 | 1969-03-18 | Ver Deutsche Metallwerke Ag | Process of producing sheet metal structures |
US3852122A (en) * | 1972-03-10 | 1974-12-03 | Ardal Og Sunndal Verk | Method of producing a weldable and ageable aluminium alloy of great strength and product |
US4121951A (en) * | 1976-03-05 | 1978-10-24 | Alcan Research And Development Limited | Aluminum alloy electrical conductor and method therefor |
US20040055668A1 (en) * | 2000-12-11 | 2004-03-25 | Yves Doremus | Method for making integrated circuit aluminium panels |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS59206186A (ja) * | 1983-02-25 | 1984-11-21 | アルカン・インタ−ナシヨナル・リミテツド | 金属帯型複合製品およびその製作方法 |
DE4432340C1 (de) * | 1994-09-10 | 1995-08-24 | Krupp Vdm Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verdampfers für ein Kompressorkühlgerät |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1716943A (en) * | 1926-11-22 | 1929-06-11 | Aluminum Co Of America | Aluminum-beryllium alloy and method of treatment |
US2252421A (en) * | 1939-08-02 | 1941-08-12 | Aluminum Co Of America | Alloy |
US2941282A (en) * | 1955-01-21 | 1960-06-21 | Howard A Fromson | Decorative aluminum product |
GB843824A (en) * | 1956-03-20 | 1960-08-10 | Olin Mathieson | Process of fabricating a hollow article |
US3067491A (en) * | 1956-12-10 | 1962-12-11 | Robert M Neel | Fabrication of hollow articles |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2690002A (en) * | 1949-11-18 | 1954-09-28 | Olin Ind Inc | Method of making hollow sheet metal fabrications having a plurality of interconnected passageways |
DE1044751B (de) * | 1955-04-15 | 1958-11-27 | Ver Deutsche Metallwerke Ag | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Hohlraeume aufweisenden Gegenstaenden |
-
1961
- 1961-12-18 US US160282A patent/US3196528A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1962
- 1962-12-11 GB GB46770/62A patent/GB1011675A/en not_active Expired
- 1962-12-17 BR BR145501/62A patent/BR6245501D0/pt unknown
- 1962-12-18 DE DE19621527575 patent/DE1527575B1/de active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1716943A (en) * | 1926-11-22 | 1929-06-11 | Aluminum Co Of America | Aluminum-beryllium alloy and method of treatment |
US2252421A (en) * | 1939-08-02 | 1941-08-12 | Aluminum Co Of America | Alloy |
US2941282A (en) * | 1955-01-21 | 1960-06-21 | Howard A Fromson | Decorative aluminum product |
GB843824A (en) * | 1956-03-20 | 1960-08-10 | Olin Mathieson | Process of fabricating a hollow article |
US3067491A (en) * | 1956-12-10 | 1962-12-11 | Robert M Neel | Fabrication of hollow articles |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3293733A (en) * | 1963-10-23 | 1966-12-27 | Olin Mathieson | Composite aluminum article and method for obtaining same |
US3340027A (en) * | 1963-10-23 | 1967-09-05 | Olin Mathieson | Composite aluminum sheet |
US3290125A (en) * | 1963-11-13 | 1966-12-06 | Olin Mathieson | Composite sheet metal article |
US3354531A (en) * | 1963-11-13 | 1967-11-28 | Olin Mathieson | Process for making hollow articles by differential heat treatment |
US3432903A (en) * | 1964-12-29 | 1969-03-18 | Ver Deutsche Metallwerke Ag | Process of producing sheet metal structures |
US3386820A (en) * | 1966-01-26 | 1968-06-04 | Olin Mathieson | Aluminum base alloy containing zirconium-chromium-manganese |
US3852122A (en) * | 1972-03-10 | 1974-12-03 | Ardal Og Sunndal Verk | Method of producing a weldable and ageable aluminium alloy of great strength and product |
US4121951A (en) * | 1976-03-05 | 1978-10-24 | Alcan Research And Development Limited | Aluminum alloy electrical conductor and method therefor |
US20040055668A1 (en) * | 2000-12-11 | 2004-03-25 | Yves Doremus | Method for making integrated circuit aluminium panels |
US7226516B2 (en) | 2000-12-11 | 2007-06-05 | Alcan Rhenalu | Method for making integrated circuit aluminium panels |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR6245501D0 (pt) | 1973-06-26 |
GB1011675A (en) | 1965-12-01 |
DE1527575B1 (de) | 1971-08-12 |
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