US3181250A - Apparatus and method of drying web material by directing hollow gas jet streams against opposite faces of the web - Google Patents

Apparatus and method of drying web material by directing hollow gas jet streams against opposite faces of the web Download PDF

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US3181250A
US3181250A US140650A US14065061A US3181250A US 3181250 A US3181250 A US 3181250A US 140650 A US140650 A US 140650A US 14065061 A US14065061 A US 14065061A US 3181250 A US3181250 A US 3181250A
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web
gas
plane
jets
cushions
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Vits Hilmar
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Vits Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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Vits G M B H Maschf
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B13/00—Machines and apparatus for drying fabrics, fibres, yarns, or other materials in long lengths, with progressive movement
    • F26B13/10—Arrangements for feeding, heating or supporting materials; Controlling movement, tension or position of materials
    • F26B13/101—Supporting materials without tension, e.g. on or between foraminous belts
    • F26B13/104—Supporting materials without tension, e.g. on or between foraminous belts supported by fluid jets only; Fluid blowing arrangements for flotation dryers, e.g. coanda nozzles
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B13/00—Machines and apparatus for drying fabrics, fibres, yarns, or other materials in long lengths, with progressive movement
    • F26B13/001—Drying and oxidising yarns, ribbons or the like

Definitions

  • blower jets applied to both sides of the web exert widely varying impact forces, especially on thin materials, so that attempts were to date unsuccessful to move e.g. thin paper webs tension-free and supported only by an air cushion through such a jet drier utilizing economical blowing speeds.
  • the tension of the paper web is stepped up and the jet speed reduced to such an extent that the web can withstand the varying forces of the blower jets without tearing or touching the nozzles.
  • this tensioning system does not make it possible to utilize economical blowing speeds in the order of more than 100 kin/hr. so that the specific evaporation capacity of such driers is narrowly limited. A certain improvement can be achieved by the use of infra-red radiators, but these are uneconomical.
  • the tension of the paper web rapidly increases with the length of the drier, the use of this system is limited to short lengths. Webs to be refined on both sides are only pre-dried in such devices and finished in driers of the supporting system so that the fundamental limitation in capacity is thus not eliminated but merely lessened.
  • the drying devices known in the prior art have another disadvantage in that the material is steeply curve-d under the blower jet pressure both in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
  • the latter In order to prevent the web from touching the nozzles and/or muzzle surfaces, the latter must be arranged at a comparatively long distance Ei,ifil,25fi Patented May 4, 1965 from the center plane of the Web, and this naturally results in poor drying efficiency.
  • the blowing speed in the nozzles underneath the horizontally moving web is considerably higher than in the nozzles above the web. The air builds up pressure under the concave bottom side, thus balancing both the weight of the web and the impact of the upper jets.
  • Stable equilibrium is established only if the weight of the web, the web tension, and the upper and lower blowing speeds are carefully synchronized and kept constant.
  • the specific evaporation capacity is lower than in the supporting system because the speed of the lower jets is greatly reduced on their relatively long path to the opposite web confining surface, while the speed of the upper jets is low anyway.
  • the longitudinal and transverse curvature of the web leads to differences in tension causing the web to shrink irregularly during drying.
  • the drying speed of the web transverse to the direction of feed is also irregular due to variations in the distance between the nozzles and web surfaces.
  • a rise of the specific evaporation capacity can thus no longer be achieved by aerodynamic but only by thermodynamic measures which in turn involve the risk of undesirable secondary effects, such as the formation of skins, colour changes, or crystallization of the refining substances due to the sensitivity of the refining agents (plastics dispersions). If, therefore, any marked improvement is to be attained, the blowing speeds and sectional areas of the nozzles with reference to the web surface must be considerably increased. But the forces acting upon the web grow at a rate equal to the square of the blowing speed and linearly with the cross-section of the nozzles, whereas the rise in evaporation capacity even stays behind the increase in blowing speed. This relationship indicates that the forces caused by the drying medium and acting upon the web will necessarily be extremely, i.e. inadmissibly high if the capacity is to be markedly improved.
  • the method suggested for the solution of this problem and serving to dry, surface-refine, or otherwise treat material moved preferably in its longitudinal direction, in particular webs of paper, textiles, plastics foil or similar, both sides of which a drying medium is blown upon, is, according to the present invention, characterised in that the material is exposed to the influence of blower jets arranged at least in rows transverse to the direction of feed and having edge flows directed towards each other, said edge flows confining spaces tapered in the direction towards the web, in which a static excess pressure is generated and web-carrying air cushions are formed.
  • the hollow jets may initially be arranged in a lattice pattern at those spots where they are produced, thus not excluding the possibility of their reuniting in the course of their flow and forming jet walls with the build-up spaces mentioned in between, in which the supporting cushions are formed by the medium under excess pressure.
  • the medium may also be arranged in screens forming prismatically extended build-up spaces of basically triangular or pentagonal cross section, the pentagon being preferably composed of a triangle and a parallel trapezium the smaller parallel side of which c incides with the base of the triangle, while the tip of the triangle belongs to the crest edge of the prism.
  • the cushions thus have a beam-like configuration.
  • the buildup spaces proper need not be closed off at the faces by additional jets, as the reactions of the solid walls of the drier, confining the treatment space along the edges of the web on the course of the flow of the medium are already felt here.
  • the face area of the buildup spaces is small in relation to the large build-up areas extending over the entire width of the web, especially when arranged diagonally relative to its direction of feed.
  • Another procedure has proved to be satisfactory to greatly suppress the tendency to flutter even in the most severe cases, namely to arrange the jet rows or screens cross-wise above and below the web, preferably in such a way that mirror symmetry is established by the uniform angular position of their center lines relative to the shortest line extending through the point of intersection of the center line and connecting opposite points at the web edges. Staggered arrangement in the direction of web feed is also an advantage.
  • the resilient buifer must not only be a little progressive but must be extremely progressive, and it is formed in buildup spaces confined by the web, by blowing jet screens, and by the base in which the jet orifices are located.
  • the base surface between the outlet rows have as little connection to escape channels as possible.
  • the jet screens be directed towards each other to maintain their effort to fill the build-up spaces during undisturbed flow.
  • the jet screens should be as self-contained as possible to prevent the escape of treating medium build up within the build-up spaces.
  • the screen it is not necessary that the screen be completely closed. It may also consist of a jet grid or lattice because a tight jet lattice will automatically form a screen due to the spreading of the jets.
  • the arrangement of individual jets may be advantageous in exceptional cases because with a given quantity of air for a jet screen, the width of the individual jet can be made greater than the width of an open gap or slot. For this reason, a jet screen formed of individual jets is more rigid over a wider range. Furthermore, the arrangement of narrowly spaced jets makes it possible to realize the lateral component desired.
  • two build-up spaces may be formed by three jct screens, all having the same lateral component. If immediately beside such a triple-row jet arrangement an equal one with an opposed lateral component is now located, two opposed transverse fiows are established over the web, which rub each other and build up air pressure which in turn promotes the eifectiveness of the air cushion.
  • each build-up space is confined by the web proper, which means that the pressure in the build-up space is the higher the closer the web approaches the nozzles. Since not only the excess pressure in the build-up space but also the effective width of the build-up space across the web becomes greater during the approach of the Web towards the nozzles, the
  • the build-up space terminates at the edges of the web and is open at the side so that the excess pressure escapes within the area of the web edges in a direction transverse to the direction of web feed, producing a cross flow away from the web edge that might give rise to fluttering movements of the web edges.
  • This fluttering would normally be promoted by the flowoif between rows of nozzles extending in parallel.
  • it is suitable to minimize the cross flow in the area of the edge as far as possible or to bathe it. This is achieved by giving the nozzles a staggered or zigzag arrangement whereby wedge-shaped intermediate spaces for flow-off are formed.
  • the cross flow at the tip of the wedge will be deflected to a large extent and adequately relieved of the lateral components so that the edges do not tend to flutter.
  • a method according to the present invention may also be modified in such a way as to subject the material to the elfect of blower jets participating in the formation of cushions and arranged in rows across the direction of web feed, giving the transverse flow of these jets lateral components with directions alternating from one row to the next.
  • the air will then not emerge from the nozzles in the form of hollow jets but as jets which confine spaces tapered toward the web only in combination with jets from adjacent nozzles, a static excess pressure and a supporting cushion being engendered within these spaces. It has been found that the constant directional change of the lateral components from one row to the other makes for a particularly well-guided movement of the web and that the tendency to flutter in the critical edge areas is hereby greatly reduced.
  • the achieved effect can then be further increased by exposing the material to the influ ence of jets emerging from nozzles arranged with a variation in their spacing or pitch from one transverse row to the next.
  • a further improvement in drying is reached if the material is exposed to jets produced in the transverse rows at the edge of each cushion where they are spaced closer than the jets in the other transverse rows contributing to the formation of cushions.
  • the equipment for realizing the former method is principally characterised by the provision of nozzle heads charged with the working medium and having outlet sections transversely arranged relative to the direction of web movement, said outlet sections having openings with baflles so that the working medium emerges between the battles and confining nozzle walls on the one hand and between the baffles themselves on the other hand in the form of hollow jets the edge flows of which are directed towards each other and confine a space located on the side of the bafile facing theweb and tapered or constricted in the direction towards the web.
  • Complete confinement can be achieved if the baffles are retained by stem-like supports which in turn are held by the nozzle walls located opposite the walls forming the cross section. But such a structural arrangement is very expensive.
  • the full efrect of the invention is brought about also by fixing the baflles to the nozzle head walls forming the cross section. Although this fixation interrupts the complete confinement of the spaces surrounded by the hollow jets, such interruption is negligible and does not adversely affect the ultimate purpose of the invention, namely the stable and freely floating position of the web. Moreover, the divergency of the flows causes the flow threads to reunite down stream of the baffle supports.
  • bafiles will be arranged like scales and shaped as reeds with a configuration ensuring the shap or" the hollow jets desired.
  • An apparatus for realizing the latter method of providing lateral components with alternating directions from one transverse row to the next for the blowing jets produced in the consecutive transverse rows is diiferent from the devices already mentioned in that it is not equipped with such bafiles, but has plain recesses with deflectors arranged transversely relative to the direction of web feed in the surfaces of the nozzle banks from which the jets emerge, said deflectors alternating in their inclination towards the related recesses from one row to the other.
  • These recesses preferably have a rectangular or slightly trapezium-like shape.
  • the confinements of the recesses belonging to the same transverse row may be connected with the deflectors, the shape of which can be just congruent with the recesses, along suitable edges parallel with the longitudinal direction of the web, while the deflectors at the recesses in subsequent transverse rows are then attached to opposite edges of the recess confinements, all deflectors being located on the side away from the material treating space.
  • the recesses in the rows of nozzles may be arranged with difiierent density, said density being greater in the rows along the edges of the nozzle bank than in the other rows of the same nozzle bank.
  • the nozzle banks can be arranged parallel relative to each other and perpendicular relative to the longitudinal direction of the web, and may also be staggered for half a pitch on opposite sides of the web.
  • FIG. 1 shows the basic design of the lower blower box in an apparatus serving to realize the method suggested; it is supplemented by a similar or identical upper blower box (not shown).
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the blower box and the adjacent parts along the line II--II in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is an elevation of the lower blower box in the direction of the arrow 11 in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 shows the general arrangement of a jet drier designed according to FIGS. 1-3 in a longitudinal section, FIG. 5 being an elevation of the lower blower box in the direction of the arrow V in FIG. 4-.
  • PEG. 6 is a sectional View of a variety of the jet drier shown in FIG. 4, while FIG.
  • FIG. 7 represents a sectional view of another variety of the jet drier.
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view of opposite blower boxes of a jet drier in which the baffles are formed by reeds arranged like scales, the section following the line VIIIVIH in FIG. 9 which shows an elevation of the lower blower box in the direction of the arrow IX in FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 10 shows a different design of the blower box where tthe formation of individual hollow jets was dispensed with and beam-like build-up spaces are formed extending transversely relative to the direction of web movement and over the entire width of the web so that the web is supported by the beam-shaped cushions formed under excess pressure within the build-up spaces.
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view of opposite blower boxes of a jet drier in which the baffles are formed by reeds arranged like scales, the section following the line VIIIVIH in FIG. 9 which shows an elevation of the lower blower box in the direction of the arrow I
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the arrangement shown in FIG. 10.
  • FIG. 12 shows the shallow pyramidal shape of a build-up space to be achieved when individual hollow jets are used to form a build-up space so shaped.
  • FIG. 13 is an elevation of the nozzle cross sections used in such a case, FIG. 14 being a sectional view along the line XIV-XIV of the nozzle-forming blower box wall and FIG. a sectional view of the same wall along the line XV-XV.
  • FIG. 16 is a sectional view of a blower box designed according to the features shown in FIGS. 10 and 13.
  • FIG. 17 demonstrates how the blower boxes are in this case arranged relative to the web.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagrammatic view of another variation of a blower box, while FIG.
  • FIG. 19 is a sectional view of the practical configuration of such a blower box.
  • FIG. is an elevation of a blower box arrangement according to FIG. 19 and FIG. 21 shows a side elevation of this blower box arrangement viewed in the direction of the arrow XXI in FIG. 20.
  • FIG. 22 is an elevation of the nozzle banks located above the web, from which the jets emerge in consecutive transverse rows with counterdirected lateral components.
  • FIG. 23 is a side elevation of the nozzle banks arranged above and below the web and connected to the common blower boxes.
  • FIG. 24 is an elevation of the nozzle banks located underneath the web.
  • FIG. shows the partial view of a jet outlet surface in a larger scale.
  • FIG. 26 is the partial perspective view of a nozzle bank.
  • FIG. 27 is a perspective view of the nozzle arrangement with deflectors generating the lateral components.
  • FIG. 28 is an elevation of the outside of the jet outlet surface in a scale enlarged relative to FIG. 25.
  • FIG. 29 is a sectional view of FIG. 28.
  • FIGS. and 31 are diagrams showing the distribution of pressure in the area between two jet outlet surfaces and in the drying area under somewhat modified conditions of pressure respectively.
  • FIGS. 1-3 representing an apparatus for the drying treatment of webs of material
  • 1 is the web of material moved in the direction of the arrow 2, egg.
  • nozzle boxes 6 with a rectangular cross section are mounted on the blower box 5 so that the side walls 7 and 8 of each nozzle box 6 shown in FIG. 3 are forming a slot 9 through which the drying medium 10 in the dotted area can escape. It emerges from the slots in the form of a hollow jets 11 and 12 because bafiles 13 are located in the free nozzle slots 9, said baffles being supported by plates 14.
  • a primary flow 11 between the wider spaced consecutive bafiles 13 and a secondary flow 12 between the narrower spaced baflles 13 and the nozzle box walls 7 and 8 are clearly distinguishable. Between the hollow jets, both flows together confine a space 15 tapered in the direction towards the web 1. If the indicated position of the web 1 now corresponds to the center plane between the blower boxes 4 and 5 (see FIG. 4), the Web 1 will deflect the marginal jets confining the spaces 15 in the direction of the arrows 16 and 17. In the spaces 15 originally filled with stationary drying medium, a static excess pressure is built up so that the drying medium within the spaces 15 behaves like cushions supporting the web 1.
  • cushions are formed over an equal area so that the web 1 is practically supported at a major portion of its lower surface and carried by cushions, preferably air cushions, of this kind. Due to the fact that cushions are formed also on the upper side of the blower box 4 as shown in FIG. 4, a stable center position of the web 1 is established between the blower boxes and the purpose of the invention is thus served.
  • FIG. 4 also shows that it is advisable to give the opposed hollow jets a staggered arrangement, either singly 1.5 or in groups, in-the direction 2 of the movement of the web 1.
  • a staggered arrangement of groups is shown in FIG. 4 where the group forming the nozzle slots 18 and 19 with the primary and secondary flows being produced by drying medium from the blower box 5 is followed by a group forming the nozzle slots 20 and 21 drawing the drying medium from blower box 4 so that the directions of flow of the hollow jets produced by the bafiles 13 in both groups are directed towards each other.
  • the web When the hollow jets are produced and/ or the jet-producing devices arranged in this way, the web substantially assumes the configuration shown in FIG. 4. This slightly undulating movement of the web in direction 2 is negligible in many cases. In others, however, the problem arises of moving the web in mid-air through the drying space 3 in a fully stretched and straight condition. This can be achieved by means of the procedure shown in FIG. 6.
  • the nozzle boxes 6 are attached to the blower boxes 4 and 5 in such a way as to make their center planes extend perpendicular to the plane of the web 1, but the side walls 22 and 23 forming the nozzle slots 9 (also walls 24 and 25) are bent away from the center planes of the nozzles boxes 6 in such a way that the hollow jets 26 produced at 24, 2.5 and 13 would pass the hollow jets 27 produced at 24, 25 and 13 if the web 1 were removed.
  • the hollow jets 26 and 27 are produced and/ or the drying medium used for their production is deflected in such a way that flow threads of the hollow jets consecutively arranged in a direction transverse relative to the direction 2 of the web .1 are located in a common plane which in turn intersects the center plane of the moving web at an acute angle, meaning, of course, certain threads of the primary flow 11 or secondary flow 12 whereas there can be no question of a middle flow thread since there are no such threads in the spaces 15.
  • FIG. 7 oflers the possibility to stretch the web 1 also in the direction extending perpendicular relative to the direction of stretch indicated in FIG. 4. Without the arrangement shown in FIG. 7 the web would have the shape shown in that figure because hollow jets produced in the direction indicated in FIG. 1 do not exert forces that might cause the web to stretch. If, however, the hollow jets are directed as shown by the arrows 23 and 29 in FIG. 7, the components causing the web to stretch in a direction perpendicular relative to the direction 2 are produced. There is a resultant force in the direction of the arrow 30 in FIG. 7, but the web is fully capable of withstanding this resultant up to a limit determined by the tearing strength of the web.
  • the web tension prevents the web from moving away in the direction of the arrow 30, especially since the web is guided at its edges in the usual manner outside the drying space 3.
  • the hollow jets are produced and/ or the drying medium is deflected in such a way that flow threads located in one plane and contained in the hollow jets consecutively arranged in a direction transverse relative to the direction 2, all said jets having the same blowing direction, hit the center plane of the moving web at an acute angle, it being possible, of course, to provide the arrangement shown on both sides in FIG. 7 on one side only. Nor is it necessary to have the jets always blow in the direction of the arrow 28 or 29 and make them hit the web at a constant acute angle relative to the web plane.
  • This angle may also be variable if required by the nature of the web material, e.g. if the surface refinement is applied in strips or bands so that special conditions have to be considered.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 show an embodiment of the invention suitable for practical application.
  • the nozzle slot 9 is formed by the side walls 7 and 8, and flanges 31 and 32 are provided to connect the blower box heads 7, 8, 31, 32 with the supporting nozzle box walls 6.
  • reeds or tongue shaped deflectors 33 are inserted which have the shape shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.
  • the reeds 33 have a section 34 of maximum width, an adjacent section 35 of smaller width, and a section 36 of minimum width. Since the reeds 33 are arranged in a scale-like pattern as shown in FIG.
  • FIGS. and 11 show an arrangement having the hollow jets confining the build-up spaces in the form of screens.
  • a deflector 44 extending over the width of the web is located in the outlet section of the nozzle head side walls 52 and 43. It is not necessary to arrange the nozzle head 42-44 perpendicular relative to the direction of web movement.
  • the center line of the nozzle head may also intersect the direction of web feed at an angle smaller than 90 degrees.
  • the edges 45 and 46 of the deflector 44 are bent up so that slot nozzles 47 and 48 are formed in conjunction with the nozzle head side walls 42 and 43 with screens of drying medium emerging from said nozzles.
  • a beam-shaped cushion is formed having a triangular cross section in its upper and a trapezium-like cross section in its lower portion with the base of the triangle coinciding with the smaller one of the parallel sides of the trapezium.
  • the crest edge of the cushion formed by the top of the triangle is hypothetical only, but the cushions of drying medium, eg. air cushions, flatten at their upper portions so that the web is supported over a relatively wide area.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 are inadequate to cope with the circumstances encountered. It has then proved to be suitable to subdivide the build-up spaces across the web and attempt to realize the buildup spaces 54 shown in FIG. 12 and characterized in that they have a substantially pyramidal configuration with a relatively small height so that the desirable flattening occurs at the upper portion of the cushion filling out the build-up space.
  • FIG. 16 shows the actual design of such a nozzle head where two edge portions 63 and 64- with a cap-shaped cross section are attached to a central straight nozzle head surface 62 facing the web, so that edge surfaces 65 inclined at an obtuse angle towards the surface 62 are formed, from which the reeds 56 are bent outward.
  • a build-up space 5'3 according to FIG. 10 is formed and confined by the hollow jet screens 54 and 52. It is not necessary that the reeds 56 at the nozzle head walls 65 and 66 are arranged in parallel.
  • FIG. 17 shows another variation of the nozzle head under substantially the same conditions as those shown in FIGS. 10-16, also showing the general arrangement relative to the web with a center line indicated by the dashed and double-dotted line 6767.
  • additional surfaces 68 and 69 of the same configuration are provided besides the surfaces 65 and 66 inclined towards the nozzle head wall 62, so that two buildup spaces 53 per nozzle head are formed.
  • the reeds bent out of the surfaces 66 and 69 have the same inclination While others (not shown, but compare 56 in FIG. 14) bent out of the surfaces 65 and 68 are again directed in parallel, whereas they are inversely directed relative to the position of the reeds bent out of the surfaces 66 and 69.
  • the hollow jet screens 70 and 71 confining the first build-up space 53 have, in addition to the primary flow, another flow component in a direction opposite to the flow component of the hollow jet screens 72 and 73 forming the second build-up space.
  • FIG. 18 Another variety is shown in FIG. 18 where the nozzle head has reeds 74 and 75 bent from the middle of the flat nozzle head walls 62; so that a total of four build-up spaces 53 is now formed per nozzle head.
  • the reeds bent out of the inclined surfaces 65, 66, 63, 69 an equal inclination or alternate the inclination singly or in groups.
  • FIG. 19 shows the structural configuration of a nozzle head diagrammatically shown in FIG. 18.
  • reeds 74 and 75 arranged in rows according to the presentation in FIGS. 13-15.
  • reeds 76, 77, 78 and 79 bent out from the surfaces 62 and/ or 65, 68, 69 and 66.
  • the reeds 74, 76 and 77 are parallel relative to each other, and so are the reeds 75, 78 and 79 but these have an inclination opposite to that of the reeds 74, 76 and 77.
  • FIG. 20 shows an elevation of the outlet openings relating to the rows of reeds 76, '74, 77 and/or '78, 75, 79.
  • the row of reeds 76 is related to the row 84 of triangular openings, reeds 74 to openings 85, 77 to 86, 78 to 87, 75 to S8 and, finally, row 759 to row 89.
  • the hollow jets emerging from the rows of openings 87-89 therefore have the inversely directed flow component indicated by the arrow 92.
  • the nozzle heads above the web are mirror symmetrical but staggered relative to the lower nozzle heads in such a way that the center lines 1011tl1 and 102-102, for instance, have their least distance at that spot where the lower nozzle heads have their widest gap 97.
  • a mirror image staggered arrangement is created of the upper and lower nozzle heads relative to one another, whereby the build-up spaces 53 are formed.
  • the general arrangement is shown in FIG. 21. Viewed in the direction of the arrow XXI in FIG.
  • blower boxes are not completely continuous but assembled in sections as shown by 105 and 106 which can be conveniently installed and dismantled.
  • FIG. 23 shows the arrangement of nozzle banks 291 with a somewhat modified structure.
  • a nozzle bank 261 is confined by a jet outlet surface 211 in which recesses 2ti2 are provided in rows 221-226.
  • the side parts 212 are attached at right angles, followed by the converging slope walls 213 which in turn graduate into the parallel extensions 214.
  • the nozzle banks are closed by plates 217 outlined according to the configuration of the walls 212-214.
  • an opening is formed through which the hollow spaces 216 of the nozzle banks 201 are connected with the blower boxes 251 and 252 shown in FIG. 23.
  • FIG. 27 shows the location of the deflectors 227 on edges of the recesses Ztlf, it being shown in particular in FIGS. 28 and 29 that the deflectors 227 are inclined towards the recesses 202 in such a way that the center lines of the jets 203 emerging from the recesses 202 form an angle 228 together with a plane perpendicular to the jet outlet surface 211.
  • the deflectors proper may be formed by simply bending them outward from the surface 211, at the same time producing the recesses 202.
  • FIG. shows clearly that the baffles or deflectors 227 serving to generate the lateral components are attached to opposite edges of the recesses 202 belonging to consecutive rows so that the lateral components of the jets in consecutive rows are inversely directed as shown by the arrows 321-326.
  • the jet outlet surface 211 can be a continuous metal plate with the recesses or openings 262 so arranged that there is uniform pitch in the rows 222-225 and a narrower pitch in the rows 221-226, bringing the number of recesses 232 per unit of length up over that in rows 222- 225.
  • the jet outlet surface 211 may also be assembled of strips in a number corresponding to the number of transverse rows 221-226, said strips each being provided with a suitable number of recesses 2&2.
  • FIG. 30 is a diagram of the required distribution of pressure over the drying area. The various values of pressure are plotted over the distance MIR.
  • a method of contactless guiding an elongated web of flexible material during its movement in longitudinal direction substantially in one plane comprising the steps of directing streams of compressed gaseous material onto opposite faces of said web as the same is moving in longitudinal direction in a plane; and arranging adjacent gas streams on each side of said web in such a manner that adjacent gas streams form together substantially tubular gas jets which respectively enclose non-fluid flowing spaces tapering toward the respective face of said web, so that portions of said gas streams impinging on the respective faces of said web will be deflected into said non-fluid flowing spaces to create therein respectively gas cushions with a static pressure in excess of atmospheric pressure, whereby, during deviation of said web to one side of said plane, the gas cushions on said one side will be compressed while the gas cushions on the other side will be expanded to create thereby an equalizing force tending to maintain said web substantially in said plane during its movement.
  • a method of contactless guiding an elongated web of flexible material during its movement in longitudinal direction substantially in one plane comprising the steps of directing streams of compressed gaseous material onto opposite faces of said web as the same is moving in 1ongitudinal direction in a plane; arranging said gas streams on each side of said web in adjacent rows of streams extending respectively transverse to said longitudinal direction; arranging adjacent streams in each row in such a manner that said adjacent gas streams form together substantially tubular gas jets which respectively enclose nonfluid .fiowing spaces tapering toward the respective face 'of said web, so that portions of said gas streams impinging on the respective faces of said web will be deflected into said non-fluid flowing spaces to create therein respectively gas cushions with a static pressure in excess of atmospheric pressure, whereby, during deviation of said web to one side of said plane, the gas cushions on said one side will be compressed while the gas cushions on the other side will be expanded to create thereby an equalizing force tending to maintain said web substantially in said plane during its movement; and arranging
  • a method of contactless guiding an elongated web of flexible material during its movement in longitudinal direction substantially in one plane comprising the steps of directing streams of compressed gaseous material onto opposite faces of said web as the same is moving in longitudinal direction in a plane; arranging said gas streams on each side of said Web in adjacent rows of streams extending respectively transverse to said longitudinal direction; arranging adjacent streams in each row in such a manner that said adjacent gas streams form together substantially tubular gas jets which respectively enclose non-fluid flowing spaces tapering toward the respective face of said web, so that portions of said gas streams impinging on the respective faces of said Web will be deflected into said non-fluid flowing spaces to create therein respectively gas cushions with a static pressure in excess of atmospheric pressure, whereby, during deviation of said web to one side of said plane, the gas cushions on said one side will be compressed while the gas cushions on the other side will be expanded to create thereby an equalizing force tending to maintain said web substantially in said plane during its movement, and inclining said gas streams in successive rows alternatively in
  • Apparatus for contactless guiding of an elongated web of flexible material during its movement in longitudinal direction substantially in a plane comprising, in combination, a plurality of gas ejecting means respectively arranged on opposite sides of said plane for ejecting streams of compressed gas onto opposite faces of said web, said gas ejecting means on each side of said plane being arranged in such a manner that the streams of gas emanating from adjacent gas ejecting means form moving substantially tubular gas curtains respectively enclosing spaces tapering from the respective gas ejecting means toward the respective face of said web, so that portions of the gas streams respectively producing said gas curtains and impinging on the respective face of said web will be deflected by the latter into said enclosed spaces to create therein gas cushions with a static pressure in excess to atmospheric pressure, whereby during deviation of said web to one side of said plane, the gas cushions on said one side will be compressed while the gas cushions on the other side will be expanded to create thereby an equalizing force tending to maintain said web during its movement substantially in said plane.
  • Apparatus for contactless guiding of an elongated web of flexible material during its movement in longitudinal direction substantially in a plane comprising, in combination, a plurality of gas ejecting means respectively arranged on opposite sides of said plane for ejecting streams of compressed gas onto opposite faces of said web, said gas ejecting means on each side of said plane being arranged in a plurality of rows extending transverse to said direction of movement and in such a manner that the streams of gas emanating from adjacent gas ejecting means form moving substantially tubular gas curtains respectively enclosing spaces tapering from the respective gas ejecting means toward the respective face of said Web,
  • Apparatus for contactless guiding of an elongated web of flexible material during its movement in longitudinal direction substantially in a plane comprising, in combination, a plurality of gas ejecting means respectively arranged on opposite sides of said plane for ejecting streams of compressed gas onto opposite faces of said web, said gas ejecting means on each side of said plane being arranged in a plurality of groups of rows extending substantially parallel to each other and transverse to said direction of movement of said web with the gas ejecting means in each individual row spaced equal distances from each other and with said distances in the outer rows of each group smaller than that in the rows between said outer rows, said gas ejecting means being further arranged in such a manner that the streams of gas emanating from adjacent gas ejecting means form moving substantially tubular gas curtains respectively enclosing spaces [tapering from the respective gas ejecting means toward the respective face of said web, so that portions of the gas streams respectively producing said gas curtains and impinging on the respective face of said web will be deflected by
  • Apparatus for contactless guiding of an elongated web of flexible material during its movement in longitudinal direction substantially in a plane comprising, in combination, a plurality of elongated channel means adapted to be connected to a source of compressed gas and arranged on opposite sides of said plane and on each side of said plane in a plurality of rows extending transverse to said direction of movement, the channel means on one side of said plane being formed with gas outlet channels directed toward one face of said web and the channel means on the other side of said plane being formed with gas outlet channels directed toward the other face of said web; and plate shaped deflector means in said gas outlet channels and defining in the latter gas outlet openings having annular gas outlet portions respectively surrounding said plate shaped deflector means and through which compressed gas in said channels may escape in form of gas jets onto the respective face of said Web in such a manner that jets escaping through said annular gas outlet portions form moving gas curtains enclosing between themselves spaces tapering from said gas outlet openings toward the respective face of said web and so that portions of said gas jet
  • Apparatus for contactless guiding of an elongated web of flexible material during its movement in longitudinal direction substantially in a plane comprising, in combination, a plurality of elongated channel means adapted to be connected to a source of compressed gas and arranged on opposite sides of said plane and on each side of said plane in a plurality of rows extending transverse to said direction of movement, each of the channel means having a pair of spaced side walls extending substantially parallel to each other in said transverse direction and defining between themselves gas outlet channels and the gas outlet channels of the channel means one side of the plane being directed toward one face of said web while the gas outlet channels of the channel means on the other side of said plane being directed toward the other face of said web; and a plurality of substantially plate shaped deflector means located in each of said gas outlet channels, the deflector means in each channel being spaced from each other and from said side walls to form annular gas outlet openings about each deflector means through which compressed gas in said channel means may escape in the form of gas curtains increasing in thickness toward said web so as
  • Apparatus for contactless guiding of an elongated web of flexible material during its movement in longitudinal direction substantially in a plane comprising, in combination, a plurality of elongated channel means adapted to be connected to a source of compressed gas and arranged on opposite sides of said plane and on each side of said plane in a plurality of rows extending transverse to said direction of movement, the channel means on one side of said plane being formed with gas outlet channels directed toward one face of said web and the channel means on the other side of said plane being formed with gas outlet channels directed toward the other face of said web; and a plurality of tongue shaped deflector means located in said gas outlet channels partly overlapping each other in longitudinal direction of the latter, each of said tongue shaped deflector means having opposite side edges spaced at least in part from corresponding side edges of said gas outlet channels so as to define with the latter gas outlet openings having annular gas outlet portions respectively surrounding said plate shaped deflector means and through which compressed gas in said channels may escape in form of gas jets onto the respective face of said web in such
  • Apparatus for contactless guiding of an elongated web of flexible material during its movement in longitudinal direction substantially in a plane comprising, in combination, a plurality of elongated channel means adapted to be connected to a source of compressed gas and arranged on opposite sides of said plane and on each side of said plane in a plurality of rows extending transverse to said direction of movement, the channel means on one side of said plane being formed with gas outlet channels directed toward one face of said web and the channel means on the other side of said plane being formed with gas outlet channels directed toward the other face of said web; and a plurality of tongue shaped deflector means arranged in a row partly overlapping each flr betwe n Sa d side walls of each channel and each connected at one end thereof to said side walls, said tongue shaped deflector means having at said connected end a width equal to the spacing between said side walls and the width of each of said tongue shaped deflector means being stepwise reduced toward the free end thereof so as to define between the reduced portions of said tongue shaped deflect
  • Apparatus for contactless guiding of an elongated web of flexible material during its movement in longitudinal direction substantially in a plane comprising, in combination, a plurality of elongated channel means adapted to be connected to a source of compressed gas and arranged on opposite sides of said plane and on each side of said plane in a plurality of rows extending trans verse to said direction of movement, each of the channel means having a pair of spaced side walls extending substantially parallel to each other in said transverse direction and defining between themselves gas outlet channels and the gas outlet channels of the channel means one side of the plane being directed toward one face of said web while the gas outlet channels of the channel means on the other side of said plane being directed toward the other face of said web, said side walls having elongated edge portions directed toward said web and being inclined toward each other; an elongated deflector means located in each of said outlet channels between said inclined edge portions of said side walls, each of said elongated deflector means having a U-shaped cross section open toward said web and having opposite leg portions extending along said

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Advancing Webs (AREA)
US140650A 1960-10-01 1961-09-21 Apparatus and method of drying web material by directing hollow gas jet streams against opposite faces of the web Expired - Lifetime US3181250A (en)

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DEM46709A DE1239988B (de) 1960-10-01 1960-10-01 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum beruehrungsfreien Halten einer Gutbahn zwischen Duesenreihen

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Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3398466A (en) * 1966-12-22 1968-08-27 Wolverine Corp Slot apparatus for high velocity gas treatment of moving webs
US3429057A (en) * 1966-12-05 1969-02-25 Proctor & Schwartz Inc Dryers
US3448907A (en) * 1966-12-05 1969-06-10 Web Press Eng Inc Web positioner bar
US3452447A (en) * 1967-05-25 1969-07-01 Thomas A Gardner Web positioning means and method
US3456930A (en) * 1966-09-08 1969-07-22 Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd Method and device for thermal treatment of metal strip material
US3484949A (en) * 1967-05-22 1969-12-23 Aronoff Edward Israel Stabilizing knitted tubular fabrics
US3496648A (en) * 1968-03-18 1970-02-24 Offen & Co Inc B Web damping nozzle system
US3633281A (en) * 1969-02-13 1972-01-11 Vits Gmbh Maschf Process and apparatus for handling workpieces which have a large surface area relative to their thickness
US3672066A (en) * 1970-10-30 1972-06-27 Bechtel Int Corp Microwave drying apparatus
US3680756A (en) * 1968-12-14 1972-08-01 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Means for preventing the fluttering and canoeing of strip work
US3763571A (en) * 1970-04-27 1973-10-09 Vits Maschinenbau Gmbh Apparatus for contactless guiding of webs
US3772055A (en) * 1969-10-30 1973-11-13 Stork Amsterdam Method and device for strengthening a non-woven material
US3772054A (en) * 1970-07-07 1973-11-13 Stork Amsterdam Method for stiffening a web-shaped fleece of fibrous material
DE2332532A1 (de) * 1973-06-27 1975-01-16 Paul Fontaine Verfahren und vorrichtung zum entfernen von fluessigkeiten von oberflaechen
JPS5065961A (h) * 1973-10-10 1975-06-03
US3986273A (en) * 1973-06-07 1976-10-19 Firma Bowe Bohler & Weber Kg Drying apparatus for a continuously moving web
US3994073A (en) * 1975-04-08 1976-11-30 Ppg Industries, Inc. Air cooling means for UV processor
US4271601A (en) * 1978-09-11 1981-06-09 Valmet Oy Web dryer operating on the air float principle
US4274210A (en) * 1978-09-11 1981-06-23 Valmet Oy Gas nozzle for use in treating material webs
US4776107A (en) * 1987-10-30 1988-10-11 Wolverine Corporation Web treatment system
US4804125A (en) * 1986-03-06 1989-02-14 Hilmar Vits Device for floatably guiding webs of material by means of a gaseous or liquid medium
US5320329A (en) * 1993-02-16 1994-06-14 Surface Combustion, Inc. Pressure pad for stably floating thin strip
US5590480A (en) * 1994-12-06 1997-01-07 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. combination air bar and hole bar flotation dryer
US6484418B1 (en) 2000-11-06 2002-11-26 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Yankee drying hood and method comprising angled impingement nozzles
US20070128368A1 (en) * 2005-12-06 2007-06-07 Konica Minolta Opto, Inc. Method for production of functional film, substrate conveyance apparatus, and functional film produced with the method
US20070125876A1 (en) * 2005-07-28 2007-06-07 Ralf Bolling Nozzle system for the treatment of web-shaped material
EP4000863A1 (de) * 2020-11-19 2022-05-25 Brückner Maschinenbau GmbH & Co. Kg Behandlungsanlage für eine durch einen behandlungsofen hindurchführbare flexible materialbahn, insbesondere kunststofffolie

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1292082C2 (de) * 1963-11-16 1978-05-11 Pagendarm, Erich, 2000 Hamburg Vorrichtung zum behandeln, insbesondere trocknen und freischwebenden fuehren von bahnfoermigem gut
SE7709332L (sv) * 1977-08-18 1979-02-19 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Anordning vid en anleggning for torkning av foretredesvis ett banformigt, luftburet material
GB2058313A (en) * 1979-08-24 1981-04-08 Caratsch Hans Peter Air foil nozzle dryer
JPH07106823B2 (ja) * 1986-07-17 1995-11-15 富士写真フイルム株式会社 ウエブの無接触搬送方法

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US1776609A (en) * 1928-11-06 1930-09-23 Bernard R Andrews Drying apparatus
US2393243A (en) * 1943-10-06 1946-01-22 Western Electric Co Strand handling apparatus and a method of handling strands
FR1149169A (fr) * 1955-03-14 1957-12-20 Vits Elektro G M B H Installation de tuyères de soufflerie pour sécheuses pour produits sous forme de bande
US2848820A (en) * 1952-10-08 1958-08-26 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Method and apparatus for supporting and conveying web-like material
USRE24871E (en) * 1960-09-27 Drying machine
DE1097943B (de) * 1958-10-11 1961-01-26 Krantz Soehne H Duesenanordnung zur schwebenden Fuehrung von Warenbahnen in Duesentrocknern
US3060594A (en) * 1958-07-19 1962-10-30 Meier-Windhorst August Apparatus for the drying of webs of material with a heated gaseous medium

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DE1073427B (de) * 1960-01-21 Vits-Elektro G.m.b.H., Düsseldorf Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von Stoffbahnen, insbesondere Textilstoffbahnen
AT167200B (de) * 1947-04-22 1950-11-25 Julien Dungler Blasdüsengruppe für Behandlungsverfahren mittels Luft, Dampf oder einem anderen gasförmigen Fluidum
GB634244A (en) * 1947-09-06 1950-03-15 William Wycliffe Spooner Improvements in nozzles for the projection of fluid streams
DE970793C (de) * 1949-10-29 1958-10-30 Famatex G M B H Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von Gewebe- oder anderen Stoffbahnen
DE967374C (de) * 1953-12-15 1957-11-07 Krantz Soehne H Duesentrockner
DE1774811U (de) * 1954-10-18 1958-10-02 Monforts Fa A Schwebeduesentrockner.
DE1034128B (de) * 1955-03-14 1958-07-17 Vits Elektro G M B H Trockenmaschine zum Trocknen von bahnfoermigem Gut, insbesondere Gewebespann- und Trockenmaschine

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE24871E (en) * 1960-09-27 Drying machine
US1776609A (en) * 1928-11-06 1930-09-23 Bernard R Andrews Drying apparatus
US2393243A (en) * 1943-10-06 1946-01-22 Western Electric Co Strand handling apparatus and a method of handling strands
US2848820A (en) * 1952-10-08 1958-08-26 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Method and apparatus for supporting and conveying web-like material
FR1149169A (fr) * 1955-03-14 1957-12-20 Vits Elektro G M B H Installation de tuyères de soufflerie pour sécheuses pour produits sous forme de bande
US3060594A (en) * 1958-07-19 1962-10-30 Meier-Windhorst August Apparatus for the drying of webs of material with a heated gaseous medium
DE1097943B (de) * 1958-10-11 1961-01-26 Krantz Soehne H Duesenanordnung zur schwebenden Fuehrung von Warenbahnen in Duesentrocknern

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3456930A (en) * 1966-09-08 1969-07-22 Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd Method and device for thermal treatment of metal strip material
US3429057A (en) * 1966-12-05 1969-02-25 Proctor & Schwartz Inc Dryers
US3448907A (en) * 1966-12-05 1969-06-10 Web Press Eng Inc Web positioner bar
US3398466A (en) * 1966-12-22 1968-08-27 Wolverine Corp Slot apparatus for high velocity gas treatment of moving webs
US3484949A (en) * 1967-05-22 1969-12-23 Aronoff Edward Israel Stabilizing knitted tubular fabrics
US3452447A (en) * 1967-05-25 1969-07-01 Thomas A Gardner Web positioning means and method
US3496648A (en) * 1968-03-18 1970-02-24 Offen & Co Inc B Web damping nozzle system
US3680756A (en) * 1968-12-14 1972-08-01 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Means for preventing the fluttering and canoeing of strip work
US3633281A (en) * 1969-02-13 1972-01-11 Vits Gmbh Maschf Process and apparatus for handling workpieces which have a large surface area relative to their thickness
US3772055A (en) * 1969-10-30 1973-11-13 Stork Amsterdam Method and device for strengthening a non-woven material
US3763571A (en) * 1970-04-27 1973-10-09 Vits Maschinenbau Gmbh Apparatus for contactless guiding of webs
US3772054A (en) * 1970-07-07 1973-11-13 Stork Amsterdam Method for stiffening a web-shaped fleece of fibrous material
US3672066A (en) * 1970-10-30 1972-06-27 Bechtel Int Corp Microwave drying apparatus
US3986273A (en) * 1973-06-07 1976-10-19 Firma Bowe Bohler & Weber Kg Drying apparatus for a continuously moving web
DE2332532A1 (de) * 1973-06-27 1975-01-16 Paul Fontaine Verfahren und vorrichtung zum entfernen von fluessigkeiten von oberflaechen
JPS5065961A (h) * 1973-10-10 1975-06-03
US3994073A (en) * 1975-04-08 1976-11-30 Ppg Industries, Inc. Air cooling means for UV processor
US4271601A (en) * 1978-09-11 1981-06-09 Valmet Oy Web dryer operating on the air float principle
US4274210A (en) * 1978-09-11 1981-06-23 Valmet Oy Gas nozzle for use in treating material webs
US4804125A (en) * 1986-03-06 1989-02-14 Hilmar Vits Device for floatably guiding webs of material by means of a gaseous or liquid medium
US4776107A (en) * 1987-10-30 1988-10-11 Wolverine Corporation Web treatment system
US5320329A (en) * 1993-02-16 1994-06-14 Surface Combustion, Inc. Pressure pad for stably floating thin strip
US5590480A (en) * 1994-12-06 1997-01-07 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. combination air bar and hole bar flotation dryer
US5647144A (en) * 1994-12-06 1997-07-15 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Combination air bar and hole bar flotation dryer
US6484418B1 (en) 2000-11-06 2002-11-26 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Yankee drying hood and method comprising angled impingement nozzles
US20070125876A1 (en) * 2005-07-28 2007-06-07 Ralf Bolling Nozzle system for the treatment of web-shaped material
US20070128368A1 (en) * 2005-12-06 2007-06-07 Konica Minolta Opto, Inc. Method for production of functional film, substrate conveyance apparatus, and functional film produced with the method
CN101321592B (zh) * 2005-12-06 2011-11-16 柯尼卡美能达精密光学株式会社 制造方法、传送装置和具有硬涂层的功能性薄膜与具有防反射层的功能性薄膜
EP4000863A1 (de) * 2020-11-19 2022-05-25 Brückner Maschinenbau GmbH & Co. Kg Behandlungsanlage für eine durch einen behandlungsofen hindurchführbare flexible materialbahn, insbesondere kunststofffolie
CN114536614A (zh) * 2020-11-19 2022-05-27 布鲁克纳机械有限责任两合公司 用于能被引导穿过处理炉的柔性材料幅材的处理设备
US12042958B2 (en) 2020-11-19 2024-07-23 Brückner Maschinenbau GmbH Treatment machine for a flexible material web, in particular a plastics film, which can be passed through a treatment furnace

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DE1239988B (de) 1967-05-03
GB996290A (en) 1965-06-23
SE304911B (h) 1968-10-07

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