US3081698A - Electrostatic printing system - Google Patents

Electrostatic printing system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3081698A
US3081698A US12714A US1271460A US3081698A US 3081698 A US3081698 A US 3081698A US 12714 A US12714 A US 12714A US 1271460 A US1271460 A US 1271460A US 3081698 A US3081698 A US 3081698A
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United States
Prior art keywords
printing
screen
stencil
paper
conductive
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Expired - Lifetime
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US12714A
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English (en)
Inventor
Clyde O Childress
Louis J Kabell
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Electrostatic Printing Corp of America
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Electrostatic Printing Corp of America
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Publication date
Application filed by Electrostatic Printing Corp of America filed Critical Electrostatic Printing Corp of America
Priority to US12714A priority Critical patent/US3081698A/en
Priority to BE600948A priority patent/BE600948A/fr
Priority to GB7612/61A priority patent/GB919919A/en
Priority to CH261061A priority patent/CH395913A/de
Priority to FR854541A priority patent/FR1282489A/fr
Priority to CH653362A priority patent/CH382195A/de
Priority to CH905364A priority patent/CH431275A/de
Priority to DE1961F0033353 priority patent/DE1203808C2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3081698A publication Critical patent/US3081698A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F15/00—Screen printers
    • B41F15/08—Machines
    • B41F15/0831—Machines for printing webs
    • B41F15/0836—Machines for printing webs by means of cylindrical screens or screens in the form of endless belts
    • B41F15/084—Machines for printing webs by means of cylindrical screens or screens in the form of endless belts simultaneously printing on two sides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F15/00—Screen printers
    • B41F15/08—Machines
    • B41F15/0831—Machines for printing webs
    • B41F15/0836—Machines for printing webs by means of cylindrical screens or screens in the form of endless belts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M1/00—Inking and printing with a printer's forme
    • B41M1/12—Stencil printing; Silk-screen printing
    • B41M1/125—Stencil printing; Silk-screen printing using a field of force, e.g. an electrostatic field, or an electric current
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G17/00—Electrographic processes using patterns other than charge patterns, e.g. an electric conductivity pattern; Processes involving a migration, e.g. photoelectrophoresis, photoelectrosolography; Processes involving a selective transfer, e.g. electrophoto-adhesive processes; Apparatus essentially involving a single such process
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/37—Printing employing electrostatic force

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electrostatic printing, and, more particularly, to an improved method and means thereof, which requires neither pressure nor contact between the printing element and the subject material being printed.
  • Presently employed printing techniques involve the transfer of liquid inks to paper by a plate or a cylinder, utilizing either raised areas or chemically active areas to carry the ink. These methods have in common the handling and feeding of viscous pigments smoothly to the printed surface. Considerable pressure is required to transfer the ink to the paper, and printing surfaces must be maintained level to very close tolerances, on the order of .001 inch, to maintain even ink transfer. The wet ink must be dried quickly. As a result, and this is true particularly in high-speed printing, it is required that a printing press must be massive, complex, and able to operate with extreme precision.
  • An object of this invention is to provide a novel printing method that eliminates the requirements of pressure and uniformity of contact or any contact at a printing surface.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a unique printing method and means wherein the apparatus has a considerably lessened size and weight from that of conventional presses.
  • Still another object of the present invention is the provision of a unique electrostatic printing method and means which enables a simultaneous printing of both sides of a sheet of paper or other object being printed.
  • an electrically charged conductive stencil wherein the printing areas comprise a fine-mesh open screen and the nonprinting areas are suitably masked.
  • the paper being printed may be backed by a conductive plate with an opposite charge relative to the charge of the printing stencil.
  • a finely divided printing powder having a particle size capable of passing through the open areas of the stencil is applied to the face of the stencil opposite to the conductive backing plate, where it takes on the charge of the stencil and by means of the relatively low voltage electrostatic forces established, passes through the openings therein, across an air gap and toward the oppositely charged plate.
  • the paper placed in the air gap of the electrostatic field intercepts the printing powder, and the printing powder forms the image thereon of the open areas of the printing stencil.
  • the image can then be fixed in any suitable manner such as by heat, solvent, vapor, or by any other suitable means.
  • both sides of the paper If printing on both sides of the paper is required, then there are provided two closely spaced conductive stencils which are oppositely charged, and the paper, is positioned between these conductive stencils but appropriately spaced from each other.
  • the finely divided printing powder is applied to the outer faces of both stencils or screens. When the electrostatic field is set up the powder from one stencil will be attracted toward the other, through the open areas of each, resulting in the interception by the paper which is thereby printed on both sides.
  • this system also provides an arrangement for printing on metal, as well as on paper or other materials.
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates an embodiment of the invention for printing rapidly on both sides of the paper
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates an embodiment of the invention utilizing a cylindrical stencil
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates an embodiment of the invention using two'cylindrical stencils for printing on both sidesof the paper
  • FIGURE 5 illustrates still another arrangement employing the embodiment of the invention for printing both sides of the paper.
  • FIGURE 1 wherein there may be seen the simple arrangement of an embodiment of the invention.
  • a printing element or stencil 10 which may comprise a fine-mesh open screen of conductive material or material which is rendered conductive, wherein the nonprinting areas are suitably masked. Spaced therefrom leaving an air gap therebetween, is a sheet of paper 12 on which the printing is to occur. This is backed by a conductive plate 14.
  • a source of directcurrent potential 16 has one end thereof connected to the printing element 10 and the other end connected ,to the backing plate 14. Since the plate and stencil are oppositely charged by the voltagesupply source an electric field is established in the air gap between the two within which the paper 12 has been placed.
  • a pigment (not shown) in the form of a fine powder having a particle size small enough to pass through the interstices of the open areas of the stencil *10 may be brought into physical contact with the back of the stencil .10, by means of a roller 18 or other suitable applicator.
  • the roller a felt-like type of covering 19, which can be dipped into a suitable container of the fine powder so that the powder will loosely adhere to the surface thereof.
  • the roller is then rolled over the outer surface of the stencil.
  • the voltage is applied as the pigment particles contact the conductive stencil, they acquire a charge, which is that of the stencil.
  • the charge being opposite to the backing plate, they then are accelerated through the openings or interstices of the open areas in the stencil toward the other plate 14, which has an opposite charge.
  • thepigment will collide with the interposed paper and will collect and adhere there in the form of a visible image or configuration of the open areas of the said stencil.
  • the image may be subsequently fixed by heat, a solvent, or a vapor, or by any other suitable means, depending upon the type of pigment powder which has been employed, and the nature of the material being printed.
  • a suitable method for making the conductive printing stencil may be as follows: An electro-formed nickel screen with 250 wires to the inch is coated with a photosensitive resist. 'Ihis coating is applied so that it spans all the interstices in the screen. The sensitized screen is then exposed to an are (one rich in ultraviolet light) through an interposed positive image of the desired copy for the proper length of time to harden the areas where the interposed image transmits light. The coated screen is then developed, which development will dissolve away the areas of resist which were protected from the light by the opaque areas of the film image, leaving a solid mask in the areas affected by the light. The printing element so formed is mounted in a suitable holder and connected with either the positive or negative pole of a direct-current source of voltage.
  • the oppositely charged conductive backing plate 14, with the paper 12 to be printed upon adjacent to it, is positioned so that the surface of the printing stencil is parallel to and spaced approximately one-sixteenth of an inch from the surface of the paper leaving an air gap therebetween.
  • a voltage from the source 16 is applied between the screen and the plate sufficient to provide a satisfactory transfer of the pigment, but below the arcing potential between the charged elements.
  • the optimum voltage is determined by the width of the air gap and the characteristics of the paper and pigment used.
  • the use ful voltage range may lie between 300 volts and 2000 volts but relatively low voltages are entirely satisfactory for most uses.
  • the pigment powder is brought into contact with the stencil by a soft roller, brush or other suitable means.
  • the pigment powder particles which contact the screen take on the charge of the screen and are attracted toward the opposite charge of the backing plate, and, as a result, are intercepted by the paper. These particles tend to follow the parallel field lines and thus travel across the air gap from screen to paper with very little dispersion.
  • the paper upon which the image is to be printed does not have to contact the charged backing plate.
  • the invention operates equal-1y, regardless of which voltage polarity is applied to the stencil and backing plate, so long as they are opposite. Consequently, it is possible to substitute a stencil printing element for the backing plate and print simultaneously on both sides of the paper, which is placed substantially equally distant from the screens.
  • FIGURE 2 An arrangement for the invention, whereby continuous printing on both sides of the, paper may be effectuated, is shown in FIGURE 2.-
  • the paper 20. is fed continuously from: a roll 22 between both printing members 24, 26.
  • the printing stencil members are in the form of loops.
  • a voltage supply source 36 makes contact with the stencil printing members to give them opposite polarities by means of leads connected to the respective brushes 38, 40.
  • each of the loops formed by the stencil printing members are the respective brush rollers 42, 44. These rotate in contact with the inner face of the stencil printing members, applying the printing powder thereto, which is picked up from containers or troughs 46, 48 supported adjacent the roller brushes and in which they are in substantially continuous contact.
  • the paper is passed between the two stencil printing members 24, 26, but not in contact with either of them.
  • the powder delivered by the respective brushes 42, 44 will be drawn through the open areas in the stencil printing members toward the paper 29 as the paper passes through the printing zone defined by the opposed and oppositely charged stencil printing members.
  • the printing members are also moved in order to bring their different areas into contact with the roller brushes 42, 44 to effectuate printing.
  • After the paper passes through the printing zone it passes through a print-"fixing station, accomplished in any suitable manner but which is here exemplified by a plurality of heating wires or elements 50, which are positioned on opposite sides of the paper for fixing the particles which have been directed thereon.
  • The-heating wires have power applied from a source 51.
  • FIGURE 3 shows another possible arrangement for the embodiment of the invention.
  • a rotary cylinder press is preferable.
  • the stencil printing member is in the form of a cylinder or arranged upon a cylinder 52, and the powder applicators 54, 56, 58 are mounted by a support member 60 inside the cylinder to be rotatable and in contact with the inner surface of the stencil printing member.
  • Powder may be blown into the brushes '54, 56, 58 in an arrangement in which the brushes are mounted on hollow axles having openings through which the powder may be blown into the material of the brush.
  • Such expedients are well known in the field of Xerography.
  • the paper 60 passes underneath the printing zone, which is established between the cylinder with the stencil printing member and the backing plate 62 in the form of a portion of an arc.
  • the paper 60 may be drawn down into a suitable printing configuration, by means of having a plurality of openings in the backing plate and applying a vacuum thereto, using a pipe 61, so that the suction will pull down the paper and maintain it properly spaced from the printing member to maintain the air gap and prevent possible arcing.
  • rims may be placed on the outside edges of the printing-member cylinder which are made of insulating material and space the paper the proper distance away from the cylinder.
  • Rollers 64, 66 serve to support and guide the paper in the printing zone.
  • a voltage supply 68 is connected to the respective printing member and backing member by suitable contacts 67, 69.
  • FIGURE 4 shows an arrangement for using the cylindrical type of stencil printing member or mounting therefor, and printing continuously on both sides of the paper.
  • the upper-lower cylindrical stencil printing members, respectively 70, 72 are rotatably supported by any suitable means (not shown). Inside'of each cylindrical member 70, 72 is an applicator, respectively 74, 76, which supplies the inner surface of the stencil member with powder.
  • a potential is applied from a source 78 through brushes 77, 79.
  • the cylindrical-printing members are rotated, and the pigment powder is drawn through the interstices therein toward each other, but intercepted by the paper between them.
  • the paper passes through the air gap between the stencil printing members and without any contact with them.
  • FIGURE 5 the stencil printing members 80, 82 are shown as being flat and the paper 84 travels in the air gap between them.
  • the paper may be maintained properly spaced from both of the printing members by means of two opposed pairs of rollers 86 A, 863 and 88A, 88B.
  • Voltage is applied to the printing members 80, 82 from a source 90.
  • the pigment applicators this time comprise two cloud chambers 92, 94 which are positioned over the respective areas of the printing members 80, 82 having the perforations defining the printed material desired.
  • the chambers 92, 94 are cloud chambers, into which there is blown a mixture of air and the pigment powder from a pigment supply 96.
  • the paper 84 is run to and held at the printing station at a suitable rate to allow a printing operation to take place between the stencil printing members 80, 8-2.
  • the voltage is applied only for the fraction of a second required for the printing.
  • a voltage and pigment control 98 which may merely be a clock synchronized with the paper motion, operates suitable relays, not shown, to remove or reduce the voltage applied from the voltage source below powder-transferring values and to remove the pressure under which the pigment supply 96 blows the pigment powder into the chambers 92, 94.
  • the paper meanwhile, continues moving until a fresh surface for printing is positioned between the printing screens.
  • the voltage and pigment control 98 turns on the voltage and the air pressure to the respective stencils and pigment supply source.
  • the paper on which pigment has been deposited meanwhile advances to a fixing station.
  • the printing means made available by this invention is not limited to letters or symbols, but pictures or any other representations printed today, and even entire areas, may be duplicated using this system.
  • this invention is not to be limited to a single color-printing process. As many different pigment colors as are desired may be laid down, either by employing in sequence a plurality of ditferent screens, each following the other and applying a different color pigment to a different area of the paper previously printed under a preceding screen, or, where a multiple layer of colors is desired, different pigments may be applied in succession to the same screen while the paper remains stationary.
  • the voltage range which has been found to work most effectively is from 300 to 2000 volts, depending upon the distance from the screen to the paper, the powder being used, the type of paper, and the humidity. On a typical office-stock bond spaced .02, inch from the screen, 300 volts will transfer the powder; with the spacing increased to .12 inch, 2000 volts will transfer the powder.
  • paper with very rough surfaces or deeply embossed patterns and even corrugated paper may be printed with sharp detailed images without disturbing the paper texture.
  • a line .005 inch wide has been printed with this invention on grooved paper having valleys .05 inch deep, without impairing the definition of the image at either space extreme.
  • powder materials are polarity sensitive and will therefore produce better printing for one polarity of voltage on the printing screen. It is believed that the trib'oelectric charging of the particles is responsible for this effect. The effect seems more pronounced for larger particle sizes of highly insulating particles.
  • any suitable pigment powder may be employed, such as, for example, carbon black, dry dye powders, and plastic toner. Particle size and degree of powder dispersion are factors in the charging and migration process. At the present time fine powders 'l-l0 micron diameter, solid particles are satisfactory with 500, mesh screen stencils.
  • Any suitable arrangement for blocking off the areas of a stencil through which it is not desired the pigment powder to pass, besides the ones mentioned, may be employed. These include masks or stencils made of an insulator such as paper, which is positioned adjacent the screen, preferably on the side against which the powder particles are applied. This makes for rapid interchangeability of the information being printed from a printing member, by the simple expedient of changing the paper stencils which are used with the conductive screen.
  • FIGURE 1 which apparently shows a fixed conductive backing plate
  • metal foil such as silver or aluminum foil
  • This roll then has a potential applied thereto in the manner shown in the plate in FIG- URE l.
  • the foil is then moved past the printing stencil, either continuously or intermittently, much in the manner described for moving the paper rolls herein to afford continuous printing.
  • the fixing operation followsthe printing operation in the manner previously described.
  • This invention affords a mechanism for printing on the surfaces of conductive materials, such as metal, and nonconductive materials, such as paper, cloth, rubber, plastics, and the like, and on nonconductive materials which through treatment are rendered conductive. These surfaces need not be planar surfaces, since the printing can occur on curved surfaces Within the electric field, or the field itself may be curved by using a curved stencil and/ or backing plate.
  • conductive material as used herein is not to be'understood as limited to materials such as metals, but includes other materials, such as paper, wood, etc., which under certain circumstances of humidity for example, may be considered as conductive. See for ex ample, Patent No. 2,954,291, wherein paper is used as a conductive backing member for a photoconductive insulator coating, or Patent No. 2,847,305 wherein the problems presented by the conductivity of paper in connection with electrostatic deposition are discussed. Accordingly, the term conductive materia as used herein is intended to mean a material that has a sufficient conductivity to cooperate with an opposite electrode when a potential is applied thereto, to establish an electric field which can transfer triboelectric powder in an electrostatic powder transfer system as herein described.
  • an electrostatic printing method having a conductive screen with a plurality of apertures over a portion thereof defining areas desired to be printed, and a conductive member spaced substantially equidistant from said screen and having a surface opposite said screen, said screen and said conductive members being connected in an electric circuit, the steps of applying an electric potential difference to said screen and conductive member to establish and maintain an electrostatic field therebetween, and applying a finely divided pigment powder having a particle size small enough to freely pass through the apertures of said screen to the outer surface of said screen for passage through the apertured portion thereof and into the electrostatic field whereby the pigment powder will move toward and come to rest on said conductive member in a pattern defined by said apertured printing areas of said screen.
  • a pair of electrically conductive members connected in an electrical circuit and mounted in spaced substantially parallel relationship with surfaces facing each other leavin an air gap therebetween, at least one of said conductive members being a stencil screen having open areas corresponding to the printing portion and masked areas corresponding to the non-printing portion, a voltage supply source connected in circuit to said conductive members for creating an electric potential difference between said members to establish and maintain an electrostatic field in said air gap, means for disposing a print receiving material in said field spaced from the stencil screen, and means for applying a pigment powder having a particle size to pass freely through the open areas of said stencil screen to the outward surface of the stencil screen for passage through the open areas of said screen into said electrostatic field to be moved under the influence of said field toward the other of said conductive members.
  • a pair of electrically conductive members connected in an electrical circuit and in spaced substantially parallel relationship with surfaces facing each other leaving an air gap therebetween, at least one of said conductive members being a stencil screen having open areas corresponding to the printing portion and masked areas corresponding to the non-printing portion, a voltage supply source connected to said conductive members for creating an electric potential difference between said conductive members to establish and maintain a substantially uniform electrostatic field in said air gap, means for applying a powder having a particle size to pass freely through the open areas of the stencil screen to the outward surface of the stencil screen for passage through the open areas of said screen into said electrostatic field to be moved under the influence of said field toward the other of said conductive members, means for interposing a print receiving member in the air gap between the conductive members in spaced relation from said screen to intercept the powder in its passage toward the opposite conductive member, and means for fixing the powder on said print receiving member.
  • both of said conductive members being stencil screens having open areas corresponding to a desired printing portion and masked areas corresponding to a desired non-printing portion
  • a voltage supply source connected to said conductive members for creating an electric potential difference between said conductive members to establish and maintain an electrostatic field in said air gap
  • each conductive print forming member has the shape of a continuous belt, the steps of positioning the print receiving material between and spaced from said opposed print forming members and moving said material between said conductive print forming members in this position, and moving said belts at the speed of motion of the print receiving material and in the direction of its motion.
  • each conductive print forming member has the shape of a cylinder, the steps of positioning the print receiving material between and spaced from said opposed print forming members and moving said material between said cylinders, and moving said cylinders at the speed of motion of the print receiving material and in the direction of its motion.
  • the method of printing without contact or pressure comprising establishing an electrostatic field between two opposed and uniformly spaced conductive members connected in an electrical circuit, having an area of definite boundaries defined by said members by applying an electric potential between said conductive members, one of said members being a screen stencil with open areas defining the printing portions and masked areas defining the non-printing portions, charging a powder having a particle size to pass freely through the open areas of the screen stencil with the same polarity as the polarity of the potential applied .to said screen, applying said powder to the outer face of said screen, transporting said powder through the open areas of said screen toward the opposite conductive member by means of said electrostatic field, interposing in said electrostatic field without substantially diverting or distorting the same, and spaced from said screen, a print receiving member to intercept the charged powder and obtain the disposition thereof in the areas corresponding to the open areas of said screen, removing the print receiving member from the influence of the electrostatic field with the powder adhering on the surface thereof, and fixing the powder on said surface.
  • Apparatus for electrostatic deposition printing comprising in combination a pair of electrically conductive continuous belt members connected in an electrical circuit and mounted for rotation in opposite directions with a portion of the faces thereof in parallel spaced relation leaving an air gap therebetween, each of said members having a conductive stencil screen with open areas corresponding to the desired printing portions and masked areas corresponding to the desired non-printing portions, means for separately applying a powder having a particle size to pass freely through the open areas of the stencil screens to the interiors of each of the stencils of said belt members and in contact therewith along the zone of parallel movement to pass said powders into said air gap through said open areas, means for moving a print receiving material in the air gap between and spaced from each of said belt members, a source of electrical potential connected to the said belts to establish the belts with opposite polarities and maintain an electrostatic field therebetween, means for synchronizing the movement of said belts with the said means for moving the print receiving material, and means for fixing said powder on said print receiving material positioned beyond the region of rotation of the
  • a method of pressureless and contactless printing the steps of preparing a conductive screen stencil having open areas corresponding to the printing areas and masked areas corresponding to the non-printing areas, said screen stencil capable of being placed at an electrical potential of a given polarity, placing said screen stencil in uniform spaced relation to another conductive member capable of eing placed at a given electric potential of opposite polarity to that of said screen stencil, connecting said screen and said member in circuit to a source of electrical potential to establish the opposite polarities and thereby creating and maintaing an electrostatic field therebetween bounded by the dimensions of said screen stencil, interposing a print receiving member in said field between said screen stencil and said other conductive member but spaced from said screen stencil, applying a powdered pigment having a particle size to pass freely through the openings of said screen stencil to the screen stencil on the surface away from the print receiving member whereby the powdered pigment having the same polarity as said screen stencil is transported through the open areas of said screen stencil toward the opposite conductive memher by means of the electro
  • a voltage supply source responding to the printing portion and masked areas corresponding to the non-printing portion, a voltage supply source, an electrical terminal for connecting a conductive material to be printed upon to said voltage supply source, means spacing said screen from physical and electrical contact with a conductive material to be printed upon to leave an air gap therebetween, means for connecting said voltage supply source in circuit with said screen and said terminal for creating an electric potential difference between the screen and the material to be printed upon to establish and maintain an electrostatic field in the air gap therebetween, and means for applying a pigment powder having a particle size to pass freely through the open areas of said screen to the outward surface of the screen for passage through the open areas of said screen and transport by the electrostatic field across said air gap.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
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US12714A 1960-03-04 1960-03-04 Electrostatic printing system Expired - Lifetime US3081698A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12714A US3081698A (en) 1960-03-04 1960-03-04 Electrostatic printing system
GB7612/61A GB919919A (en) 1960-03-04 1961-03-02 Electrostatic printing apparatus and method
BE600948A BE600948A (fr) 1960-03-04 1961-03-02 Appareil et procédé d'impression électrostatique.
FR854541A FR1282489A (fr) 1960-03-04 1961-03-03 Appareil et procédé d'impression électrostatique
CH261061A CH395913A (de) 1960-03-04 1961-03-03 Verfahren zum elektrostatischen Bedrucken von Textilmaterial
CH653362A CH382195A (de) 1960-03-04 1961-03-03 Verfahren und Einrichtung zum elektrostatischen Bedrucken von nichttextilem Material
CH905364A CH431275A (de) 1960-03-04 1961-03-03 Einrichtung zum elektrostatischen Bedrucken von Textilmaterial
DE1961F0033353 DE1203808C2 (de) 1960-03-04 1961-03-04 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum elektrostatischen Drucken

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US12714A US3081698A (en) 1960-03-04 1960-03-04 Electrostatic printing system

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US (1) US3081698A (US08066781-20111129-C00013.png)
BE (1) BE600948A (US08066781-20111129-C00013.png)
CH (3) CH395913A (US08066781-20111129-C00013.png)
DE (1) DE1203808C2 (US08066781-20111129-C00013.png)
FR (1) FR1282489A (US08066781-20111129-C00013.png)
GB (1) GB919919A (US08066781-20111129-C00013.png)

Cited By (91)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3202092A (en) * 1963-02-01 1965-08-24 Electrostatic Printing Corp Electrostatic printing system
US3202093A (en) * 1963-02-11 1965-08-24 Electrostatic Printing Corp Electrostatic printing
US3215833A (en) * 1962-12-17 1965-11-02 Joseph T Mcnaney Electrostatic reproduction apparatus with photoconductive means to control the applied voltage at the copy sheet surface
US3218968A (en) * 1962-12-17 1965-11-23 Electrostatic Printing Corp Multicolor electrostatic printing
US3218967A (en) * 1962-12-20 1965-11-23 Electrostatic Printing Corp Selective printing using electrostatic techniques
US3228326A (en) * 1963-03-18 1966-01-11 Electrostatic Printing Corp Spacer contact for electrostatic printing
US3241483A (en) * 1963-06-17 1966-03-22 Owens Illinois Glass Co Method of electrostatic screen printing
US3261284A (en) * 1962-03-26 1966-07-19 Ibm Non-impact electrostatic printer
US3273496A (en) * 1964-08-28 1966-09-20 Crocker Citizens Nat Bank Powder feed for electrostatic printing system with an electric field free chamber
US3276358A (en) * 1964-04-01 1966-10-04 Owens Illinois Inc Method and apparatus including flexible conductive offset member for decorating articles
US3277818A (en) * 1964-12-28 1966-10-11 Gen Micro Electronics Inc Electrostatic stencil apparatus for matrix printers
US3279367A (en) * 1964-06-25 1966-10-18 Ncr Co Impelled powdered ink printing device and process using intaglio means
US3280731A (en) * 1964-01-28 1966-10-25 Electrostatic Printing Corp Stencil screen frame attachment and tensioning means
US3282207A (en) * 1964-05-12 1966-11-01 Owens Illinois Inc Screen printing in which screen members are given relative movement to control ink flow
US3283703A (en) * 1964-08-03 1966-11-08 Crocker Citizens Nat Bank Electrostatic printing brush powder feed system
US3285167A (en) * 1963-10-04 1966-11-15 Crocker Citizens Nat Bank Electrostatic printing system with controlled powder feed
US3295440A (en) * 1964-05-27 1967-01-03 Continental Can Co Electrostatic printing method and apparatus employing corona discharge means
US3296963A (en) * 1964-07-27 1967-01-10 Continental Can Co Electrostatic screen printing of articles made of highly insulating materials
US3299804A (en) * 1964-05-13 1967-01-24 Unimark Corp Article handling and electrostatic imprinting apparatus and method
US3299806A (en) * 1964-02-20 1967-01-24 Dainippon Ink & Chemicals Electrostatic printing apparatus with inking means between electrodes
US3301179A (en) * 1965-03-15 1967-01-31 Owens Illinois Inc Electrostatic printing with density control provided by charge measuring means
US3302561A (en) * 1965-07-19 1967-02-07 Monsanto Co Electrostatic screen process printing with curved screens
US3302579A (en) * 1965-08-25 1967-02-07 Monsanto Co Electrostatic printing with oscillating screen frame and dual printing at a single station
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US3332344A (en) * 1965-10-11 1967-07-25 Unimark Corp Powder feed mechanism and electrostatic imprinting device
US3333537A (en) * 1964-02-03 1967-08-01 Electrostatic Printing Corp Powder feed mechanism employing vibrating screen
US3337908A (en) * 1965-05-07 1967-08-29 Method and apparatus for flocking
US3339483A (en) * 1965-05-06 1967-09-05 Monsanto Co Ink delivery system for electrostatic stencilling device
US3340802A (en) * 1966-05-19 1967-09-12 Electrostatic Printing Corp Electrostatic printing wherein screen carries powder between loading and printing points
US3343483A (en) * 1965-03-15 1967-09-26 Unimark Corp Electrostatic printing with stencils mounted on a drum
US3349703A (en) * 1967-04-24 1967-10-31 Interchem Corp Electrostatic printing with two groups of particles of same composition and different size
US3352234A (en) * 1966-09-26 1967-11-14 Unimark Corp Electrostatic printer with powder feed structure inside stencil drum
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US3363552A (en) * 1965-10-20 1968-01-16 Continental Can Co Methods and apparatus for minimizing screen patterns in xerography, electrostatic screen process and other forms of printing
US3372639A (en) * 1965-06-11 1968-03-12 Monsanto Co Method of making curved electrostatic printing screens
US3382796A (en) * 1967-01-10 1968-05-14 Continental Can Co Apparatus for continuous electrostatic screen printing with density control
US3401629A (en) * 1964-02-10 1968-09-17 Douglas Mcdonnell Corp Printing method and printing means for ambient light filters
US3402659A (en) * 1966-08-29 1968-09-24 Owens Illinois Inc Electrical printing processes employing two fields of different strengths
US3402658A (en) * 1965-01-06 1968-09-24 Owens Illinois Inc Electrical printing method which changes image size during powder transfer
US3413654A (en) * 1964-11-25 1968-11-26 Honeywell Inc Electrostatic trace recorder
US3418930A (en) * 1965-10-15 1968-12-31 Continental Can Co Electrostatic screen printing using a toner repelling screen
US3437504A (en) * 1964-04-27 1969-04-08 Maxine L Morgan Electrostatic method for decorating glass and vitreous enamels for use therein
US3450043A (en) * 1967-08-14 1969-06-17 Monsanto Graphic Syst Electrostatic printing using porous member
US3454347A (en) * 1964-05-12 1969-07-08 Heberlein & Co Ag Fabric dyeing by transferring by heating or solubilizing a dye from an electrostatically deposited,heat or solvent fused water soluble dielectric carrier
US3460468A (en) * 1965-02-24 1969-08-12 Owens Illinois Inc Electrical printing methods and apparatus for decorating cylindrical articles
US3470009A (en) * 1964-12-28 1969-09-30 Xerox Corp Powder cloud development of electrostatic images
US3473467A (en) * 1965-06-03 1969-10-21 Owens Illinois Inc Methods and apparatus for electrical printing
US3482300A (en) * 1966-10-31 1969-12-09 Screen Printing Systems Inc Printing screen and method of making same
DE1940518A1 (de) * 1968-08-12 1970-02-19 Rank Xerox Ltd Vorrichtung zur Reproduktion eines zweiseitigen Bildes
US3504625A (en) * 1968-05-03 1970-04-07 Monsanto Graphic Syst Electrostatic printing
US3504624A (en) * 1968-10-31 1970-04-07 Continental Can Co Method and apparatus for electrostatic printing
US3506347A (en) * 1967-10-19 1970-04-14 Xerox Corp Duplex xerographic reproduction apparatus
US3521558A (en) * 1968-08-26 1970-07-21 Purex Corp Ltd Electrostatic printing with potential control
US3561356A (en) * 1967-02-24 1971-02-09 Continental Can Co Precharging of substrate for electrostatic printing
US3564996A (en) * 1967-01-20 1971-02-23 Aljaba Ltd Rotary screen printing cylinders
US3638566A (en) * 1968-12-31 1972-02-01 Singer General Precision Stencil recording apparatus
US3640214A (en) * 1968-06-21 1972-02-08 Precisa Ag Selective printer employing inking spark discharge
US3665851A (en) * 1965-07-19 1972-05-30 Electrostatic Printing Corp Electrostatic screen process printing
US3678894A (en) * 1969-12-24 1972-07-25 Indev Inc Flocking
US3776132A (en) * 1971-02-01 1973-12-04 Continental Can Co Falling developer curtain printing and coating
US3828670A (en) * 1968-10-31 1974-08-13 Continental Can Co Method and apparatus for electrostatic printing using triboelectric inking developers
US3839027A (en) * 1967-10-06 1974-10-01 Electroprint Inc Aperture controlled electrostatic printing system and method
US3924019A (en) * 1970-12-21 1975-12-02 Ezekiel J Jacob Method of raised xerographic printing and product
US3971040A (en) * 1973-12-03 1976-07-20 Skala Stephen F Ink drop printer with traversing orifice band
US3974302A (en) * 1974-11-26 1976-08-10 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Method of making patterned dry resin coated sheet insulation
FR2405508A1 (fr) * 1977-10-05 1979-05-04 Honeywell Inf Systems Systeme d'impression electrographique d'images permanentes sur deux cotes d'un support en papier traite
US4161141A (en) * 1977-10-05 1979-07-17 Lakhani Kishor M Two side multi roller toner station for electrographic non-impact printer
US4243696A (en) * 1979-01-22 1981-01-06 W. S. Rockwell Company Method of making a particle-containing plastic coating
US4491855A (en) * 1981-09-11 1985-01-01 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image recording method and apparatus
US4583486A (en) * 1985-01-31 1986-04-22 The Celotex Corporation Apparatus for depositing granules on a moving sheet
US4704961A (en) * 1984-07-11 1987-11-10 Roger A. Jensen Screen printing assembly
US4771690A (en) * 1987-04-24 1988-09-20 Ernst W. Dorn Company, Inc. Screen printing apparatus for limited flexibility stock
US4800102A (en) * 1985-07-28 1989-01-24 Nordson Corporation Powder spraying or scattering apparatus and method
US5355794A (en) * 1990-08-17 1994-10-18 Herbert Freudenheim Process and apparatus for dry printing
US5858160A (en) * 1994-08-08 1999-01-12 Congoleum Corporation Decorative surface coverings containing embossed-in-register inlaids
US6145434A (en) * 1998-03-20 2000-11-14 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Stencil printing method and device
US20070086958A1 (en) * 2005-10-14 2007-04-19 Medafor, Incorporated Formation of medically useful gels comprising microporous particles and methods of use
US20070087061A1 (en) * 2005-10-14 2007-04-19 Medafor, Incorporated Method and composition for creating and/or activating a platelet-rich gel by contact with a porous particulate material, for use in wound care, tissue adhesion, or as a matrix for delivery of therapeutic components
US20070129237A1 (en) * 2004-02-19 2007-06-07 Satoshi Kadotani Method and apparatus for forming catalyst layer on substrate constituting membrane electrode assembly
US7517355B2 (en) 2005-09-08 2009-04-14 Medafor, Incorporated Method of supporting and/or applying particulate materials
EP2181776A2 (en) * 2008-11-04 2010-05-05 Giovanni Sala Decoration system for powder-on-powder technology
US20120228807A1 (en) * 2009-09-17 2012-09-13 Phenix Systems Method for Creating an Object, by Means of Laser Treatment, From at Least Two Different Powder Materials, and Corresponding Facility
WO2018143459A1 (ja) * 2017-02-03 2018-08-09 日立造船株式会社 粉体膜形成方法及び粉体成膜装置
CN110947591A (zh) * 2018-09-26 2020-04-03 浙江久大纺织科技有限公司 一种低真空静电植绒装置

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US4622281A (en) * 1982-04-28 1986-11-11 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Magnetic color toner containing gamma ferric oxide particles
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US3261284A (en) * 1962-03-26 1966-07-19 Ibm Non-impact electrostatic printer
US3215833A (en) * 1962-12-17 1965-11-02 Joseph T Mcnaney Electrostatic reproduction apparatus with photoconductive means to control the applied voltage at the copy sheet surface
US3218968A (en) * 1962-12-17 1965-11-23 Electrostatic Printing Corp Multicolor electrostatic printing
US3218967A (en) * 1962-12-20 1965-11-23 Electrostatic Printing Corp Selective printing using electrostatic techniques
US3202092A (en) * 1963-02-01 1965-08-24 Electrostatic Printing Corp Electrostatic printing system
US3202093A (en) * 1963-02-11 1965-08-24 Electrostatic Printing Corp Electrostatic printing
US3228326A (en) * 1963-03-18 1966-01-11 Electrostatic Printing Corp Spacer contact for electrostatic printing
US3241483A (en) * 1963-06-17 1966-03-22 Owens Illinois Glass Co Method of electrostatic screen printing
US3285167A (en) * 1963-10-04 1966-11-15 Crocker Citizens Nat Bank Electrostatic printing system with controlled powder feed
US3280731A (en) * 1964-01-28 1966-10-25 Electrostatic Printing Corp Stencil screen frame attachment and tensioning means
US3333537A (en) * 1964-02-03 1967-08-01 Electrostatic Printing Corp Powder feed mechanism employing vibrating screen
US3401629A (en) * 1964-02-10 1968-09-17 Douglas Mcdonnell Corp Printing method and printing means for ambient light filters
US3299806A (en) * 1964-02-20 1967-01-24 Dainippon Ink & Chemicals Electrostatic printing apparatus with inking means between electrodes
US3276358A (en) * 1964-04-01 1966-10-04 Owens Illinois Inc Method and apparatus including flexible conductive offset member for decorating articles
US3437504A (en) * 1964-04-27 1969-04-08 Maxine L Morgan Electrostatic method for decorating glass and vitreous enamels for use therein
US3282207A (en) * 1964-05-12 1966-11-01 Owens Illinois Inc Screen printing in which screen members are given relative movement to control ink flow
US3454347A (en) * 1964-05-12 1969-07-08 Heberlein & Co Ag Fabric dyeing by transferring by heating or solubilizing a dye from an electrostatically deposited,heat or solvent fused water soluble dielectric carrier
US3299804A (en) * 1964-05-13 1967-01-24 Unimark Corp Article handling and electrostatic imprinting apparatus and method
US3295440A (en) * 1964-05-27 1967-01-03 Continental Can Co Electrostatic printing method and apparatus employing corona discharge means
US3279367A (en) * 1964-06-25 1966-10-18 Ncr Co Impelled powdered ink printing device and process using intaglio means
US3296963A (en) * 1964-07-27 1967-01-10 Continental Can Co Electrostatic screen printing of articles made of highly insulating materials
US3283703A (en) * 1964-08-03 1966-11-08 Crocker Citizens Nat Bank Electrostatic printing brush powder feed system
US3273496A (en) * 1964-08-28 1966-09-20 Crocker Citizens Nat Bank Powder feed for electrostatic printing system with an electric field free chamber
US3306193A (en) * 1964-09-14 1967-02-28 Continental Can Co Electrostatic screen printing with magnetic conveyer and moving base electrode
US3307477A (en) * 1964-09-25 1967-03-07 Owens Illinois Inc Electrical printing using stencil and moving slot powder metering means
US3413654A (en) * 1964-11-25 1968-11-26 Honeywell Inc Electrostatic trace recorder
US3277818A (en) * 1964-12-28 1966-10-11 Gen Micro Electronics Inc Electrostatic stencil apparatus for matrix printers
US3470009A (en) * 1964-12-28 1969-09-30 Xerox Corp Powder cloud development of electrostatic images
US3402658A (en) * 1965-01-06 1968-09-24 Owens Illinois Inc Electrical printing method which changes image size during powder transfer
US3460468A (en) * 1965-02-24 1969-08-12 Owens Illinois Inc Electrical printing methods and apparatus for decorating cylindrical articles
US3343483A (en) * 1965-03-15 1967-09-26 Unimark Corp Electrostatic printing with stencils mounted on a drum
DE1486867B1 (de) * 1965-03-15 1971-08-12 Unimark Corp Vorrichtung zum elektrostatischen Bedrucken von Gegenstaenden
US3301179A (en) * 1965-03-15 1967-01-31 Owens Illinois Inc Electrostatic printing with density control provided by charge measuring means
US3339483A (en) * 1965-05-06 1967-09-05 Monsanto Co Ink delivery system for electrostatic stencilling device
US3337908A (en) * 1965-05-07 1967-08-29 Method and apparatus for flocking
US3302563A (en) * 1965-06-03 1967-02-07 Monsanto Co Ink feeding mechanism for electrostatic printing systems
US3473467A (en) * 1965-06-03 1969-10-21 Owens Illinois Inc Methods and apparatus for electrical printing
US3372639A (en) * 1965-06-11 1968-03-12 Monsanto Co Method of making curved electrostatic printing screens
US3302560A (en) * 1965-06-11 1967-02-07 Mousanto Company Semi-automatic electrostatic printing system having moving screen
US3302561A (en) * 1965-07-19 1967-02-07 Monsanto Co Electrostatic screen process printing with curved screens
US3665851A (en) * 1965-07-19 1972-05-30 Electrostatic Printing Corp Electrostatic screen process printing
US3302579A (en) * 1965-08-25 1967-02-07 Monsanto Co Electrostatic printing with oscillating screen frame and dual printing at a single station
US3302580A (en) * 1965-08-25 1967-02-07 Monsanto Co Electrostatic printing with rotating screen frame and plural print stations
US3318212A (en) * 1965-09-20 1967-05-09 Xerox Corp Duplex xerographic reproduction
US3332344A (en) * 1965-10-11 1967-07-25 Unimark Corp Powder feed mechanism and electrostatic imprinting device
US3418930A (en) * 1965-10-15 1968-12-31 Continental Can Co Electrostatic screen printing using a toner repelling screen
US3363552A (en) * 1965-10-20 1968-01-16 Continental Can Co Methods and apparatus for minimizing screen patterns in xerography, electrostatic screen process and other forms of printing
US3318236A (en) * 1965-10-24 1967-05-09 Unimark Corp Electrostatic drum printer
US3358594A (en) * 1966-01-17 1967-12-19 American Can Co Electrostatic printing with a magnetic brush feed
US3340802A (en) * 1966-05-19 1967-09-12 Electrostatic Printing Corp Electrostatic printing wherein screen carries powder between loading and printing points
US3363545A (en) * 1966-07-08 1968-01-16 Owens Illinois Inc Electrical printing apparatus with means to control boundary layer effect
US3402659A (en) * 1966-08-29 1968-09-24 Owens Illinois Inc Electrical printing processes employing two fields of different strengths
US3352234A (en) * 1966-09-26 1967-11-14 Unimark Corp Electrostatic printer with powder feed structure inside stencil drum
US3482300A (en) * 1966-10-31 1969-12-09 Screen Printing Systems Inc Printing screen and method of making same
US3382796A (en) * 1967-01-10 1968-05-14 Continental Can Co Apparatus for continuous electrostatic screen printing with density control
US3564996A (en) * 1967-01-20 1971-02-23 Aljaba Ltd Rotary screen printing cylinders
US3561356A (en) * 1967-02-24 1971-02-09 Continental Can Co Precharging of substrate for electrostatic printing
US3349703A (en) * 1967-04-24 1967-10-31 Interchem Corp Electrostatic printing with two groups of particles of same composition and different size
US3450043A (en) * 1967-08-14 1969-06-17 Monsanto Graphic Syst Electrostatic printing using porous member
US3839027A (en) * 1967-10-06 1974-10-01 Electroprint Inc Aperture controlled electrostatic printing system and method
US3506347A (en) * 1967-10-19 1970-04-14 Xerox Corp Duplex xerographic reproduction apparatus
US3504625A (en) * 1968-05-03 1970-04-07 Monsanto Graphic Syst Electrostatic printing
US3640214A (en) * 1968-06-21 1972-02-08 Precisa Ag Selective printer employing inking spark discharge
DE1940518A1 (de) * 1968-08-12 1970-02-19 Rank Xerox Ltd Vorrichtung zur Reproduktion eines zweiseitigen Bildes
US3521558A (en) * 1968-08-26 1970-07-21 Purex Corp Ltd Electrostatic printing with potential control
US3828670A (en) * 1968-10-31 1974-08-13 Continental Can Co Method and apparatus for electrostatic printing using triboelectric inking developers
US3504624A (en) * 1968-10-31 1970-04-07 Continental Can Co Method and apparatus for electrostatic printing
US3638566A (en) * 1968-12-31 1972-02-01 Singer General Precision Stencil recording apparatus
US3678894A (en) * 1969-12-24 1972-07-25 Indev Inc Flocking
US3924019A (en) * 1970-12-21 1975-12-02 Ezekiel J Jacob Method of raised xerographic printing and product
US3776132A (en) * 1971-02-01 1973-12-04 Continental Can Co Falling developer curtain printing and coating
US3971040A (en) * 1973-12-03 1976-07-20 Skala Stephen F Ink drop printer with traversing orifice band
US3974302A (en) * 1974-11-26 1976-08-10 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Method of making patterned dry resin coated sheet insulation
US4095557A (en) * 1974-11-26 1978-06-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Apparatus for making electrical coils using patterned dry resin coated sheet insulation
FR2405508A1 (fr) * 1977-10-05 1979-05-04 Honeywell Inf Systems Systeme d'impression electrographique d'images permanentes sur deux cotes d'un support en papier traite
US4161141A (en) * 1977-10-05 1979-07-17 Lakhani Kishor M Two side multi roller toner station for electrographic non-impact printer
US4165686A (en) * 1977-10-05 1979-08-28 Honeywell Information Systems, Inc. Two-sided non-impact printing system
US4243696A (en) * 1979-01-22 1981-01-06 W. S. Rockwell Company Method of making a particle-containing plastic coating
US4491855A (en) * 1981-09-11 1985-01-01 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image recording method and apparatus
US4704961A (en) * 1984-07-11 1987-11-10 Roger A. Jensen Screen printing assembly
US4583486A (en) * 1985-01-31 1986-04-22 The Celotex Corporation Apparatus for depositing granules on a moving sheet
US4800102A (en) * 1985-07-28 1989-01-24 Nordson Corporation Powder spraying or scattering apparatus and method
US4771690A (en) * 1987-04-24 1988-09-20 Ernst W. Dorn Company, Inc. Screen printing apparatus for limited flexibility stock
US5355794A (en) * 1990-08-17 1994-10-18 Herbert Freudenheim Process and apparatus for dry printing
US5858160A (en) * 1994-08-08 1999-01-12 Congoleum Corporation Decorative surface coverings containing embossed-in-register inlaids
US6145434A (en) * 1998-03-20 2000-11-14 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Stencil printing method and device
CN1106292C (zh) * 1998-03-20 2003-04-23 株式会社理光 孔版印刷方法及其装置
US20070129237A1 (en) * 2004-02-19 2007-06-07 Satoshi Kadotani Method and apparatus for forming catalyst layer on substrate constituting membrane electrode assembly
US7455888B2 (en) * 2004-02-19 2008-11-25 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaishi Method and apparatus for forming catalyst layer on substrate constituting membrane electrode assembly
US7517355B2 (en) 2005-09-08 2009-04-14 Medafor, Incorporated Method of supporting and/or applying particulate materials
US20070086958A1 (en) * 2005-10-14 2007-04-19 Medafor, Incorporated Formation of medically useful gels comprising microporous particles and methods of use
US20070087061A1 (en) * 2005-10-14 2007-04-19 Medafor, Incorporated Method and composition for creating and/or activating a platelet-rich gel by contact with a porous particulate material, for use in wound care, tissue adhesion, or as a matrix for delivery of therapeutic components
ITMI20081943A1 (it) * 2008-11-04 2010-05-05 Giovanni Sala Impianto di decorazione per tecnologia polvere su polvere
EP2181776A2 (en) * 2008-11-04 2010-05-05 Giovanni Sala Decoration system for powder-on-powder technology
EP2181776A3 (en) * 2008-11-04 2010-06-23 Giovanni Sala Decoration system for powder-on-powder technology
US20120228807A1 (en) * 2009-09-17 2012-09-13 Phenix Systems Method for Creating an Object, by Means of Laser Treatment, From at Least Two Different Powder Materials, and Corresponding Facility
US9498921B2 (en) * 2009-09-17 2016-11-22 Phenix Systems Method for creating an object, by means of laser treatment, from at least two different powder materials, and corresponding facility
WO2018143459A1 (ja) * 2017-02-03 2018-08-09 日立造船株式会社 粉体膜形成方法及び粉体成膜装置
CN110248814A (zh) * 2017-02-03 2019-09-17 日立造船株式会社 粉体膜形成方法以及粉体成膜装置
JPWO2018143459A1 (ja) * 2017-02-03 2019-11-21 日立造船株式会社 粉体膜形成方法及び粉体成膜装置
JP2022103170A (ja) * 2017-02-03 2022-07-07 日立造船株式会社 粉体膜形成方法及び粉体成膜装置
US11426760B2 (en) 2017-02-03 2022-08-30 Hitachi Zosen Corporation Powder film forming method and powder film forming device
CN110947591A (zh) * 2018-09-26 2020-04-03 浙江久大纺织科技有限公司 一种低真空静电植绒装置

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BE600948A (fr) 1961-09-06
CH395913A (de) 1966-01-14
DE1203808B (de) 1965-10-28
DE1203808C2 (de) 1973-03-08
CH382195A (de) 1964-09-30
FR1282489A (fr) 1962-01-19
GB919919A (en) 1963-02-27
CH431275A (de) 1967-02-28
CH261061A4 (US08066781-20111129-C00013.png) 1965-03-15

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