US3295440A - Electrostatic printing method and apparatus employing corona discharge means - Google Patents
Electrostatic printing method and apparatus employing corona discharge means Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3295440A US3295440A US370610A US37061064A US3295440A US 3295440 A US3295440 A US 3295440A US 370610 A US370610 A US 370610A US 37061064 A US37061064 A US 37061064A US 3295440 A US3295440 A US 3295440A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- stencil
- corona
- toner particles
- particles
- substrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C19/00—Apparatus specially adapted for applying particulate materials to surfaces
- B05C19/02—Apparatus specially adapted for applying particulate materials to surfaces using fluidised-bed techniques
- B05C19/025—Combined with electrostatic means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M1/00—Inking and printing with a printer's forme
- B41M1/12—Stencil printing; Silk-screen printing
- B41M1/125—Stencil printing; Silk-screen printing using a field of force, e.g. an electrostatic field, or an electric current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05F—STATIC ELECTRICITY; NATURALLY-OCCURRING ELECTRICITY
- H05F3/00—Carrying-off electrostatic charges
- H05F3/04—Carrying-off electrostatic charges by means of spark gaps or other discharge devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S101/00—Printing
- Y10S101/37—Printing employing electrostatic force
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S118/00—Coating apparatus
- Y10S118/05—Fluidized bed
Definitions
- uncharged printlng or so-called toner particles are charged and are accelerated by an electrostatic field so they move toward a stencil having conductive portions charged to a different potential or polarity from that at the charging region, and thereby confer upon the particles a momentum by which they move in essentially straight lines toward the stencil and through the open portions thereof and then continue along their paths into contact with the substrate.
- FIGURE 1 is an upright section through a first form of apparatus according to the invention, with a diagrammatic associate circuit
- FIGURE 2 is an upright section of a second form, with an associate circuit
- FIGURE 3 is a partial upright section of a modified cloud forming structure
- FIGURE 4 is a plan view of a modified corona electrode.
- a sleeve 10 of insulating material such as polymethacrylate resin, is mounted on a hollow base 11 which has a transverse reticulate partition 12 above its floor 13' for receiving a supply of toner powder 14.
- a duct 15 for air under pressure opens into the base, beneath the partition 12.
- a stencil '16 is placed over the upper end of the cylinder 10.
- the substrate 20, which is to be printed, is placed above the stencil, being spaced therefrom by support bars 17 of insulating material.
- a high voltage direct current source 25 has its negative terminal connected by conductor 26 to the corona ring 21 and its positive terminal connected by a conductor 27 to the conductive portions of the stencil 16.
- Apertures 28 may be provided in the cylinder 10 below the stencil 16; and like apertures may be provided in the bars 17.
- the cylinder 10 should be sufiiciently larger in cross-sectional area :at the top than the pattern to be printed so that air discharged through the openings 28 does not significantly affect the direction of the rapidly traveling charged toner particles.
- the cylinder 10* provides a duct in which the charged particles, in the air current, can move: and can be called a corona chamber.
- the stencil 16 may be formed of a wire netting, say
- a suitable toner powder is a commercially available product having pigmented or dyed particles composed of a mixture of 41 percent of n-butyl methacrylate and 59 percent of polystyrene, with an average particle size of about 17 microns. Such toners are nonconductive. Toner particles of conductive material can be employed.
- a porous carbon sheet has been found to provide a satisfactory partition 12.
- the source 25 delivers a potential difference effective to provoke ionization of the air adjacent the corona elements 22, but insufficient to provoke arcing or sparking along the length of the cylinder I10.
- potentials of 20 to 60 kilovolts have been employed, with a preferred practice around 35 kilovolts.
- the source 25 With a stencil 16 and a paper substrate 20 in position, and a supply 14 of toner powder, the source 25 is energized and air under pressure supplied to the inlet duct 15. Air flows through the reticulated partition 12, and carries a cloud of particles upward through the orifice and past the corona elements 22. The intense electric field adjacent the elements 22 produces an electric breakdown of the air adjacent these points and a copious supply of ions is produced, both positively and negatively charged. Those having a polarity opposite to that of the corona elements are attracted thereto and discharged. Those having the same polarity as the corona elements are accelerated by the electrical field between the elements 22 and the stencil 16.
- the particles accept or adsorb ions and those which thus receive charges of the polarity of the corona elements are accelerated toward the stencil 16, therewith attaining a high velocity before attaining the region of the stencil so that there is rel-atively little deflection of their paths by the opposite charges resident on the stencil wires extending across open portions of the stencil, and such particles continue through and past the stencil and impact upon the substrate 20 and adhere electrostatically thereto.
- Particles whose paths lead them to closed portions of the stencil are prevented from passing thereto: and largely remain adherent to the stencil when the particle charges have not thus been reversed. It is preferred to remove the adherent particles, before the next printing operation, to attain prints of maximum definition and tone values.
- the parts are illustratively as before, with inclusion of a backing electrode 30 above the substrate 20; and with inclusion of a voltage divider 31 across the terminals of the source 25.
- the conductor 26 leads from one terminal to the corona ring 21, and the other terminal is connected by conductor 32 to the backing electrode 30.
- An adjustable tap 33 on the voltage divider is connected by conductor 34 to the conductive parts of the stencil 16.
- the potential difference between the corona elements and the backing electrode was 35 to 60 kilovolts, with the tap 33 providing a potential difference between the corona elements and the screen 16 of about 30 to 50 kilovolts, wherewith the potential between the screen 16 and the backing electrode was around 5 kilovolts.
- the chamber 10 provided a distance of about 12 inches between corona elements and stencil, and the backing electrode was supported at from A; to inches above the stencil, noting that non-conductive paper or cardboard substrates in FIG. 12 can be 10 mils or less in thickness.
- prints have been successfully made with to percent of the total applied voltage appearing between the corona elements and the stencil.
- corona elements 22 serving to provide electric charges upon the toner particles so that the electrical field between the corona elements 22 and the stencil 16 accelerates the particles as before.
- the procedures can be employed in printing upon a conductive or semiconductive substrate.
- a metal sheet is being printed, it is preferred to employ the practice of FIG. 2; noting that a separate backing electrode can be dispensed with, and the conductor 32 connected directly to the substrate metal.
- the substrate has a bare metal surface to be printed, it is preferred to employ nonconductive toner particles with the stated modified practice of FIGURE 2, to assure maximum retention of the charged toner particles on the oppositely charged substrate by avoidance of discharging of the particles.
- corona elements and the stencil in FIGURE 1 may be reversed from those shown, e.g., the corona elements may be positive and the stencil negative.
- the substrate should be positioned as close to the stencil as feasible. If the substrate is of high electrical conductivity, e.g., a metal sheet or metal laminated paper, contact should be avoided as then the substrate and stencil assume the same potential. With nonconductive substrates, there may be contact. When the substrate has an irregular surface, as with sheets of corrugated board, the practice under FIGURE 2 is preferred, because the momentum of particles at passing the screen can be employed for their continuance into contact with the substrate through the region therebeyond, assisted by the field provided by the backing electrode.
- the substrate has an irregular surface, as with sheets of corrugated board, the practice under FIGURE 2 is preferred, because the momentum of particles at passing the screen can be employed for their continuance into contact with the substrate through the region therebeyond, assisted by the field provided by the backing electrode.
- FIGURE 1 The practice according to FIGURE 1 is valuable when an article to be printed is of such thickness relative to the length of the duct that a backing electrode behind the article is so far away that its effect is minor for further acceleration of particles which have passed the stencil and are moving toward the substrate.
- FIGURE 1 Such a practice is illustrated in FIGURE 1, where the substrate is the side of a closed and sealed cardboard box 40: wherewith a backing electrode above the box would be spaced far from the stencil 16. If the box is filled with cylindrical metal cans of foodstuffs, the situation is even worse, because charges induced on the cans from a backing electrode will be at variable distances from the stencil, due to the shapes and spacings of the cans with a further disturbing effect upon the paths of the particles.
- FIGURE 3 An alternative apparatus for generating a cloud of toner particles is shown in FIGURE 3, which can be employed with the other equipment of FIGURES 1 and 2.
- the duct 10, corona elements 22, stencil 16 and substrate are as before.
- the bottom of the duct, below the corona elements 22, is sealed to an upwardly divergent cone 45, which in turn is sealed to the downwardly divergent cone 46 which is closed by a spherical floor 47 at its bottom.
- a duct 48 with a downwardly directed end can deliver a current of air upon and into the supply 14 of toner powder on the floor 47 and form a cloud thereof so that the air stream with the suspended particles move upwardly and through the restricted communication opening 49 between the two cones, and thus pass to the region of the corona elements 22.
- a ball 50 in the upper cone which acts to seal the opening 49 when no air is entering, being lifted by the air pressure in the lower cone during service and thereby providing an annular passage for the stream.
- the ball may be a metal head, e.g. a metal bearing ball.
- the ball serves to establish and maintain a pressure differential between the spaces within the cones, to break up agglomerations of uncharged toner particles, and to assure that the cloud will be dispersed over a relatively large area rather than as a jet from the opening.
- the corona device can be comprised of a metal ring 21 with pins 22 extending therefrom, preferably in an upward and inward direction so the cloud flows between the pins.
- Pins about oneinch in length and secured at their lower ends to the ring and spaced about one inch apart on the circumference of a horizontal circle about 5 inches in diameter have been employed; the pins extending inward and upward toward a point about 4 inches above the center of the circle.
- a grid of fine wire as in FIGURE 4 may be mechanically and electrically connected to the ring 21, e.g., three parallel wires 55, each 3 mils in diameter, spaced about one inch apart and extending across the lower end of the chamber, have been employed.
- air pressure was varied over the range from 2 to 16 p.s.i. measured where the air was forced into the apparatus at ducts 15 and 48. At the low end of this pressure range, it was observed that printing speed was low although quality of the printing was satisfactory. At the high end of the range it was observed that the air stream emerging at the top of the apparatus was carrying toner powder with it. Accordingly, it was found most desirable to carry out printing with air pressures of about 5 p.s.i.
- An electrostatic printing apparatus comprising a duct having an electrical nonconductive portion, a corona element at one end of the said nonconductive portion, a pattern stencil having open and closed portions and conductive elements, said stencil being located at the other end of the said non-conductive portion, a high voltage direct current source connected to the corona element and the conductive elements for creating electric charges on toner particles adjacent the corona elements and for effecting acceleration of charged toner particles from the corona element toward the stencil, means for introducing an air-borne cloud of toner particles to the region of the corona element, and means for supporting a printable substrate at the side of the stencil remote from the corona element.
- the means for introducing the cloud comprises a hollow body in communication with the duct at a point adjacent the corona element, a perforated horizontal partition in said body for supporting a supply of toner particles, and an inlet duct for delivering air into said body at a point below the partition.
- the means for introducing the cloud comprises a hollow body in communication with the duct at a point adjacent the corona element and having a cavity, means fer delivering air under pressure into said cavity for effecting air suspension of toner particles present in said cavity, and means at the communication between the body cavity and the duct for controlling the passage of air-borne particles into the duct, said means being responsive to the air pressure of the cavity.
Landscapes
- Printing Methods (AREA)
Description
Jan. 3, 1967 K. w. RAREY ET AL 3,295,440
ELECTROSTATIC PRINTING METHOD AND APPARATUS EMPLOYING CORONA DISCHARGE MEANS Filed May 27, 1964 INVENTORS KENNETH wwzmzerr J0HM E ENNEDY United States Patent O ELECTROSTATIC PRINTING METHOD AND AP- PARATUS EMPLOYING CORONA DISCHARGE MEANS Kenneth W. Rarey, South Holland, and John B. Kennedy, Chicago, Ill., assignors to Continental Can Company, Inc., New York, N.Y., a corporation of New York Filed May 27, 1964, Ser. No. 370,610 6 Claims. (Cl. 101114) charged in passing through a stencil having open and closed portions, and thereby deliver such particles onto a substrate which is at a different potential or polarity than that at the stencil.
According to the present invention, uncharged printlng or so-called toner particles are charged and are accelerated by an electrostatic field so they move toward a stencil having conductive portions charged to a different potential or polarity from that at the charging region, and thereby confer upon the particles a momentum by which they move in essentially straight lines toward the stencil and through the open portions thereof and then continue along their paths into contact with the substrate.
Illustrative practices according to the invention are shown on the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGURE 1 is an upright section through a first form of apparatus according to the invention, with a diagrammatic associate circuit;
FIGURE 2 is an upright section of a second form, with an associate circuit;
FIGURE 3 is a partial upright section of a modified cloud forming structure;
FIGURE 4 is a plan view of a modified corona electrode.
In the practice according to FIGURE 1, a sleeve 10 of insulating material, such as polymethacrylate resin, is mounted on a hollow base 11 which has a transverse reticulate partition 12 above its floor 13' for receiving a supply of toner powder 14. A duct 15 for air under pressure opens into the base, beneath the partition 12. A stencil '16 is placed over the upper end of the cylinder 10. The substrate 20, which is to be printed, is placed above the stencil, being spaced therefrom by support bars 17 of insulating material. At the bottom of the cylinder 10 is a conductive corona ring 21 having pins 22 extending therefrom and into the space to provide corona'elements above the orifice through which powder particles are carried by the air stream upwardly from the supply 14 toward the stencil. A high voltage direct current source 25 has its negative terminal connected by conductor 26 to the corona ring 21 and its positive terminal connected by a conductor 27 to the conductive portions of the stencil 16. Apertures 28 may be provided in the cylinder 10 below the stencil 16; and like apertures may be provided in the bars 17. The cylinder 10 should be sufiiciently larger in cross-sectional area :at the top than the pattern to be printed so that air discharged through the openings 28 does not significantly affect the direction of the rapidly traveling charged toner particles. The cylinder 10* provides a duct in which the charged particles, in the air current, can move: and can be called a corona chamber.
The stencil 16 may be formed of a wire netting, say
of 100 mesh or finer, with parts obscured by imperme able material by known commercial methods.
A suitable toner powder is a commercially available product having pigmented or dyed particles composed of a mixture of 41 percent of n-butyl methacrylate and 59 percent of polystyrene, with an average particle size of about 17 microns. Such toners are nonconductive. Toner particles of conductive material can be employed.
A porous carbon sheet has been found to provide a satisfactory partition 12.
The source 25 delivers a potential difference effective to provoke ionization of the air adjacent the corona elements 22, but insufficient to provoke arcing or sparking along the length of the cylinder I10. In practice potentials of 20 to 60 kilovolts have been employed, with a preferred practice around 35 kilovolts.
With a stencil 16 and a paper substrate 20 in position, and a supply 14 of toner powder, the source 25 is energized and air under pressure supplied to the inlet duct 15. Air flows through the reticulated partition 12, and carries a cloud of particles upward through the orifice and past the corona elements 22. The intense electric field adjacent the elements 22 produces an electric breakdown of the air adjacent these points and a copious supply of ions is produced, both positively and negatively charged. Those having a polarity opposite to that of the corona elements are attracted thereto and discharged. Those having the same polarity as the corona elements are accelerated by the electrical field between the elements 22 and the stencil 16. As the cloud of toner particles passes through this ionized region, the particles accept or adsorb ions and those which thus receive charges of the polarity of the corona elements are accelerated toward the stencil 16, therewith attaining a high velocity before attaining the region of the stencil so that there is rel-atively little deflection of their paths by the opposite charges resident on the stencil wires extending across open portions of the stencil, and such particles continue through and past the stencil and impact upon the substrate 20 and adhere electrostatically thereto. Particles whose paths lead them to closed portions of the stencil are prevented from passing thereto: and largely remain adherent to the stencil when the particle charges have not thus been reversed. It is preferred to remove the adherent particles, before the next printing operation, to attain prints of maximum definition and tone values.
In the practice according to FIGURE 2, the parts are illustratively as before, with inclusion of a backing electrode 30 above the substrate 20; and with inclusion of a voltage divider 31 across the terminals of the source 25. The conductor 26 leads from one terminal to the corona ring 21, and the other terminal is connected by conductor 32 to the backing electrode 30. An adjustable tap 33 on the voltage divider is connected by conductor 34 to the conductive parts of the stencil 16. In the practice according to FIGURE 2, the potential difference between the corona elements and the backing electrode was 35 to 60 kilovolts, with the tap 33 providing a potential difference between the corona elements and the screen 16 of about 30 to 50 kilovolts, wherewith the potential between the screen 16 and the backing electrode was around 5 kilovolts. In the apparatus so used, the chamber 10 provided a distance of about 12 inches between corona elements and stencil, and the backing electrode was supported at from A; to inches above the stencil, noting that non-conductive paper or cardboard substrates in FIG. 12 can be 10 mils or less in thickness. In general, for FIG. 2, prints have been successfully made with to percent of the total applied voltage appearing between the corona elements and the stencil.
The operation is as above, with the corona elements 22 serving to provide electric charges upon the toner particles so that the electrical field between the corona elements 22 and the stencil 16 accelerates the particles as before.
The procedures can be employed in printing upon a conductive or semiconductive substrate. When a metal sheet is being printed, it is preferred to employ the practice of FIG. 2; noting that a separate backing electrode can be dispensed with, and the conductor 32 connected directly to the substrate metal. If the substrate has a bare metal surface to be printed, it is preferred to employ nonconductive toner particles with the stated modified practice of FIGURE 2, to assure maximum retention of the charged toner particles on the oppositely charged substrate by avoidance of discharging of the particles.
The relative polarities of the corona elements and the stencil in FIGURE 1, and of the corona elements, stencil and backing electrode (or metal substrate) in FIGURE 2 may be reversed from those shown, e.g., the corona elements may be positive and the stencil negative.
The velocities imposed by such voltages upon the toner particles caused them to pass the stencil openings and produce satisfactorily defined patterns on the substrate, with the severel practices.
The substrate should be positioned as close to the stencil as feasible. If the substrate is of high electrical conductivity, e.g., a metal sheet or metal laminated paper, contact should be avoided as then the substrate and stencil assume the same potential. With nonconductive substrates, there may be contact. When the substrate has an irregular surface, as with sheets of corrugated board, the practice under FIGURE 2 is preferred, because the momentum of particles at passing the screen can be employed for their continuance into contact with the substrate through the region therebeyond, assisted by the field provided by the backing electrode.
The practice according to FIGURE 1 is valuable when an article to be printed is of such thickness relative to the length of the duct that a backing electrode behind the article is so far away that its effect is minor for further acceleration of particles which have passed the stencil and are moving toward the substrate.
Such a practice is illustrated in FIGURE 1, where the substrate is the side of a closed and sealed cardboard box 40: wherewith a backing electrode above the box would be spaced far from the stencil 16. If the box is filled with cylindrical metal cans of foodstuffs, the situation is even worse, because charges induced on the cans from a backing electrode will be at variable distances from the stencil, due to the shapes and spacings of the cans with a further disturbing effect upon the paths of the particles.
Similar conditions are present when the printing is to be done upon containers having paper bodies, particularly large drums, plastic bottles, and other articles where it is awkward or impossible to provide a backing electrode against the reverse side of the article which is to be printed.
In each form, since the substrate need not be in contact with the stencil, excellent prints may be made upon rough surfaces such as those of nuts and fruits, and upon corrugated board and egg-shell types of paper, without mechanical pressing or mutilation of the surfaces.
An alternative apparatus for generating a cloud of toner particles is shown in FIGURE 3, which can be employed with the other equipment of FIGURES 1 and 2. In FIGURE 3, the duct 10, corona elements 22, stencil 16 and substrate are as before. The bottom of the duct, below the corona elements 22, is sealed to an upwardly divergent cone 45, which in turn is sealed to the downwardly divergent cone 46 which is closed by a spherical floor 47 at its bottom. A duct 48 with a downwardly directed end can deliver a current of air upon and into the supply 14 of toner powder on the floor 47 and form a cloud thereof so that the air stream with the suspended particles move upwardly and through the restricted communication opening 49 between the two cones, and thus pass to the region of the corona elements 22. It is preferred to provide a ball 50 in the upper cone, which acts to seal the opening 49 when no air is entering, being lifted by the air pressure in the lower cone during service and thereby providing an annular passage for the stream. The ball may be a metal head, e.g. a metal bearing ball. The ball serves to establish and maintain a pressure differential between the spaces within the cones, to break up agglomerations of uncharged toner particles, and to assure that the cloud will be dispersed over a relatively large area rather than as a jet from the opening.
The corona device can be comprised of a metal ring 21 with pins 22 extending therefrom, preferably in an upward and inward direction so the cloud flows between the pins. Pins about oneinch in length and secured at their lower ends to the ring and spaced about one inch apart on the circumference of a horizontal circle about 5 inches in diameter have been employed; the pins extending inward and upward toward a point about 4 inches above the center of the circle. Alternatively a grid of fine wire as in FIGURE 4 may be mechanically and electrically connected to the ring 21, e.g., three parallel wires 55, each 3 mils in diameter, spaced about one inch apart and extending across the lower end of the chamber, have been employed.
In each of the embodiments, air pressure was varied over the range from 2 to 16 p.s.i. measured where the air was forced into the apparatus at ducts 15 and 48. At the low end of this pressure range, it was observed that printing speed was low although quality of the printing was satisfactory. At the high end of the range it was observed that the air stream emerging at the top of the apparatus was carrying toner powder with it. Accordingly, it was found most desirable to carry out printing with air pressures of about 5 p.s.i.
While preferred forms and arrangement of parts have been shown, and preferred methods of electrostatic printing have been disclosed in detail herein, it is to be understood that variations in the form and arrangement of parts and in the various method steps may be provided without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claimed subject matter.
What is claimed is:
1. An electrostatic printing apparatus comprising a duct having an electrical nonconductive portion, a corona element at one end of the said nonconductive portion, a pattern stencil having open and closed portions and conductive elements, said stencil being located at the other end of the said non-conductive portion, a high voltage direct current source connected to the corona element and the conductive elements for creating electric charges on toner particles adjacent the corona elements and for effecting acceleration of charged toner particles from the corona element toward the stencil, means for introducing an air-borne cloud of toner particles to the region of the corona element, and means for supporting a printable substrate at the side of the stencil remote from the corona element.
2. An apparatus as in claim 1, and comprising a backing electrode, means for supporting said backing electrode in spaced relation to the stencil and for holding the substrate between the stencil and the backing electrode, and a source of direct current for maintaining the backing electrode at the polarity of the stencil and at a higher potential relative to the corona element.
3. An apparatus as in claim 1, in which the means for introducing the cloud comprises a hollow body in communication with the duct at a point adjacent the corona element, a perforated horizontal partition in said body for supporting a supply of toner particles, and an inlet duct for delivering air into said body at a point below the partition.
4. An apparatus as in claim 1, in which the means for introducing the cloud comprises a hollow body in communication with the duct at a point adjacent the corona element and having a cavity, means fer delivering air under pressure into said cavity for effecting air suspension of toner particles present in said cavity, and means at the communication between the body cavity and the duct for controlling the passage of air-borne particles into the duct, said means being responsive to the air pressure of the cavity.
5. The method of electrostatic printing comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a duct having two ends and a non-conductive portion, (b) positioning a stencil having conductive portions and open portions at :one end of said duct, (c) positioning a substrate adjacent to said stencil on the opposite side of said stencil from said duct, (d) introducing an airborne suspension of toner particles at the other end of said duct, (e) locating a corona discharge element in said duct to charge said airborne suspension to toner particles, (f) establishing an electric field between said corona discharge element and said stencil for accelerating said charged particles toward said stencil, some of said particles continuing through said openings in said stencil,
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,788,600 1/ 1931 Smyser. 2,725,304 11/ 1955 Land-rigan et al. 2,787,556 4/ 1957 Hass. 2,817,765 12/ 1957 Hayford 961 2,940,864 6/ 1960 Watson. 3,081,698 3/ 1963 Childress et al. 3,161,543 12/1964 Borders et al.
FOREIGN PATENTS 81,920 9/ 1956 Denmark.
ROBERT E. PULFREY, Primary Examiner.
E. S. BURR, Assistant Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. AN ELECTROSTATIC PRINTING APPARATUS COMPRISING A DUCT HAVING AN ELECTRICAL NONCONDUCTIVE PORTION, A CORONA ELEMENT AT ONE END OF THE SAID NONCONDUCTIVE PORTION, A PATTERN STENCIL HAVING OPEN AND CLOSED PORTIONS AND CONDUCTIVE ELEMENTS, SAID STENCIL BEING LOCATED AT THE OTHER END OF THE SAID NON-CONDUCTIVE PORTION, A HIGH VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT SOURCE CONNECTED TO THE CORONA ELEMENT AND THE CONDUCTIVE ELEMENTS FOR CREATING ELECTRIC CHARGES ON TONER PARTICLES ADJACENT THE CORONA ELEMENTS AND FOR EFFECTING ACCELERATION OF CHARGED TONER PARTICLES FROM THE CORONA ELEMENT TOWARD THE STENCIL, MEANS FOR INTRODUCING AN AIR-BORNE CLOUD OF TONER PARTICLES TO THE REGION OF THE CORONA ELEMENT, AND MEANS FOR SUPPORTING A PRINTABLE SUBSTRATE AT THE SIDE OF THE STENCIL REMOTE FROM THE CORONA ELEMENT.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US370610A US3295440A (en) | 1964-05-27 | 1964-05-27 | Electrostatic printing method and apparatus employing corona discharge means |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US370610A US3295440A (en) | 1964-05-27 | 1964-05-27 | Electrostatic printing method and apparatus employing corona discharge means |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3295440A true US3295440A (en) | 1967-01-03 |
Family
ID=23460384
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US370610A Expired - Lifetime US3295440A (en) | 1964-05-27 | 1964-05-27 | Electrostatic printing method and apparatus employing corona discharge means |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3295440A (en) |
Cited By (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3357403A (en) * | 1967-01-03 | 1967-12-12 | Xerox Corp | Powder cloud development apparatus |
US3370529A (en) * | 1966-08-05 | 1968-02-27 | Fairchild Camera Instr Co | Electrostatic printer having selfregulating corona discharge |
US3372675A (en) * | 1966-08-01 | 1968-03-12 | Friden Inc | Electrostatic image processor |
US3382796A (en) * | 1967-01-10 | 1968-05-14 | Continental Can Co | Apparatus for continuous electrostatic screen printing with density control |
US3393663A (en) * | 1966-07-21 | 1968-07-23 | Xerox Corp | Fluidizing electrode development apparatus |
US3396700A (en) * | 1967-08-09 | 1968-08-13 | Xerox Corp | Xerographic toner dispensing apparatus |
US3402659A (en) * | 1966-08-29 | 1968-09-24 | Owens Illinois Inc | Electrical printing processes employing two fields of different strengths |
US3410210A (en) * | 1965-06-11 | 1968-11-12 | Monsanto Co | Work-supporting means for semiautomatic electrostatic printing system |
US3420168A (en) * | 1965-09-22 | 1969-01-07 | Owens Illinois Inc | Electrical printing process using an opposing field |
US3428025A (en) * | 1966-12-27 | 1969-02-18 | Xerox Corp | Xerographic development apparatus |
US3460156A (en) * | 1964-12-31 | 1969-08-05 | Burroughs Corp | Electrostatic print head and printing station |
US3460475A (en) * | 1967-05-25 | 1969-08-12 | Cutler Hammer Inc | Apparatus for returning ink mist back to its source |
US3521558A (en) * | 1968-08-26 | 1970-07-21 | Purex Corp Ltd | Electrostatic printing with potential control |
US3561356A (en) * | 1967-02-24 | 1971-02-09 | Continental Can Co | Precharging of substrate for electrostatic printing |
US3635157A (en) * | 1968-12-30 | 1972-01-18 | Continental Can Co | Method and apparatus for electrostatically charging particles for printing or coating |
US3640246A (en) * | 1969-11-07 | 1972-02-08 | Xerox Corp | Development apparatus for latent electrostatic images |
US3713862A (en) * | 1970-11-16 | 1973-01-30 | Continental Can Co | Method for pigmented side striping of can bodies |
US3774573A (en) * | 1971-06-30 | 1973-11-27 | Diagnastic Instr Inc | Powder cloud generator and method |
US3777214A (en) * | 1968-12-30 | 1973-12-04 | Continental Can Co | Method and apparatus for electrostatically charging particles for printing or coating |
US3779166A (en) * | 1970-12-28 | 1973-12-18 | Electroprint Inc | Electrostatic printing system and method using ions and toner particles |
US3861354A (en) * | 1973-05-02 | 1975-01-21 | Xonics Inc | Electrostatic image developer |
US3865079A (en) * | 1973-08-27 | 1975-02-11 | Gen Motors Corp | Electrostatic fluid bed powder coating system |
US4027607A (en) * | 1976-04-20 | 1977-06-07 | Continental Can Company, Inc. | Pulsed powder application system |
US4060647A (en) * | 1976-04-20 | 1977-11-29 | The Continental Group, Inc. | Pulsed power application system |
US4100883A (en) * | 1976-10-18 | 1978-07-18 | General Electric Company | Apparatus for electrostatic deposition on a running conductor |
US4749593A (en) * | 1985-02-21 | 1988-06-07 | Prazisions-Werkzeuge Ag | Coating arrangement and process for preventing deposits of a coating material |
US5484472A (en) * | 1995-02-06 | 1996-01-16 | Weinberg; Stanley | Miniature air purifier |
US5667564A (en) * | 1996-08-14 | 1997-09-16 | Wein Products, Inc. | Portable personal corona discharge device for destruction of airborne microbes and chemical toxins |
WO2002011893A1 (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2002-02-14 | Inteko S.R.L. | Method for finishing a manufactured article by powder painting |
US20050183576A1 (en) * | 1998-11-05 | 2005-08-25 | Sharper Image Corporation | Electro-kinetic air transporter conditioner device with enhanced anti-microorganism capability and variable fan assist |
US20110315011A1 (en) * | 2009-02-18 | 2011-12-29 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Small area electrostatic aerosol collector |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1788600A (en) * | 1924-02-07 | 1931-01-13 | James S Smyser | Abrasive article and manufacture of same |
US2725304A (en) * | 1951-08-31 | 1955-11-29 | Haloid Co | Process for developing an electrostatic latent image |
US2787556A (en) * | 1955-11-23 | 1957-04-02 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Image reproduction device screen forming process |
US2817765A (en) * | 1956-01-03 | 1957-12-24 | Haloid Co | Xerographic method |
US2940864A (en) * | 1954-03-24 | 1960-06-14 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Method of preparing a fluorescent screen |
US3081698A (en) * | 1960-03-04 | 1963-03-19 | Electrostatic Printing Corp | Electrostatic printing system |
US3161543A (en) * | 1962-04-16 | 1964-12-15 | Borders | Work handling apparatus for applying flocked designs |
-
1964
- 1964-05-27 US US370610A patent/US3295440A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1788600A (en) * | 1924-02-07 | 1931-01-13 | James S Smyser | Abrasive article and manufacture of same |
US2725304A (en) * | 1951-08-31 | 1955-11-29 | Haloid Co | Process for developing an electrostatic latent image |
US2940864A (en) * | 1954-03-24 | 1960-06-14 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Method of preparing a fluorescent screen |
US2787556A (en) * | 1955-11-23 | 1957-04-02 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Image reproduction device screen forming process |
US2817765A (en) * | 1956-01-03 | 1957-12-24 | Haloid Co | Xerographic method |
US3081698A (en) * | 1960-03-04 | 1963-03-19 | Electrostatic Printing Corp | Electrostatic printing system |
US3161543A (en) * | 1962-04-16 | 1964-12-15 | Borders | Work handling apparatus for applying flocked designs |
Cited By (38)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3460156A (en) * | 1964-12-31 | 1969-08-05 | Burroughs Corp | Electrostatic print head and printing station |
US3410210A (en) * | 1965-06-11 | 1968-11-12 | Monsanto Co | Work-supporting means for semiautomatic electrostatic printing system |
US3420168A (en) * | 1965-09-22 | 1969-01-07 | Owens Illinois Inc | Electrical printing process using an opposing field |
US3393663A (en) * | 1966-07-21 | 1968-07-23 | Xerox Corp | Fluidizing electrode development apparatus |
US3372675A (en) * | 1966-08-01 | 1968-03-12 | Friden Inc | Electrostatic image processor |
US3370529A (en) * | 1966-08-05 | 1968-02-27 | Fairchild Camera Instr Co | Electrostatic printer having selfregulating corona discharge |
US3402659A (en) * | 1966-08-29 | 1968-09-24 | Owens Illinois Inc | Electrical printing processes employing two fields of different strengths |
US3428025A (en) * | 1966-12-27 | 1969-02-18 | Xerox Corp | Xerographic development apparatus |
US3357403A (en) * | 1967-01-03 | 1967-12-12 | Xerox Corp | Powder cloud development apparatus |
US3382796A (en) * | 1967-01-10 | 1968-05-14 | Continental Can Co | Apparatus for continuous electrostatic screen printing with density control |
US3561356A (en) * | 1967-02-24 | 1971-02-09 | Continental Can Co | Precharging of substrate for electrostatic printing |
US3460475A (en) * | 1967-05-25 | 1969-08-12 | Cutler Hammer Inc | Apparatus for returning ink mist back to its source |
US3396700A (en) * | 1967-08-09 | 1968-08-13 | Xerox Corp | Xerographic toner dispensing apparatus |
US3521558A (en) * | 1968-08-26 | 1970-07-21 | Purex Corp Ltd | Electrostatic printing with potential control |
US3777214A (en) * | 1968-12-30 | 1973-12-04 | Continental Can Co | Method and apparatus for electrostatically charging particles for printing or coating |
US3635157A (en) * | 1968-12-30 | 1972-01-18 | Continental Can Co | Method and apparatus for electrostatically charging particles for printing or coating |
US3640246A (en) * | 1969-11-07 | 1972-02-08 | Xerox Corp | Development apparatus for latent electrostatic images |
US3713862A (en) * | 1970-11-16 | 1973-01-30 | Continental Can Co | Method for pigmented side striping of can bodies |
US3779166A (en) * | 1970-12-28 | 1973-12-18 | Electroprint Inc | Electrostatic printing system and method using ions and toner particles |
US3774573A (en) * | 1971-06-30 | 1973-11-27 | Diagnastic Instr Inc | Powder cloud generator and method |
US3861354A (en) * | 1973-05-02 | 1975-01-21 | Xonics Inc | Electrostatic image developer |
US3865079A (en) * | 1973-08-27 | 1975-02-11 | Gen Motors Corp | Electrostatic fluid bed powder coating system |
US4027607A (en) * | 1976-04-20 | 1977-06-07 | Continental Can Company, Inc. | Pulsed powder application system |
FR2348748A1 (en) * | 1976-04-20 | 1977-11-18 | Continental Group | DEVICE FOR THE ELECTROSTATIC APPLICATION OF POWDERS, ESPECIALLY ON CANS |
US4060647A (en) * | 1976-04-20 | 1977-11-29 | The Continental Group, Inc. | Pulsed power application system |
US4100883A (en) * | 1976-10-18 | 1978-07-18 | General Electric Company | Apparatus for electrostatic deposition on a running conductor |
US4749593A (en) * | 1985-02-21 | 1988-06-07 | Prazisions-Werkzeuge Ag | Coating arrangement and process for preventing deposits of a coating material |
US5484472A (en) * | 1995-02-06 | 1996-01-16 | Weinberg; Stanley | Miniature air purifier |
US5667564A (en) * | 1996-08-14 | 1997-09-16 | Wein Products, Inc. | Portable personal corona discharge device for destruction of airborne microbes and chemical toxins |
US5814135A (en) * | 1996-08-14 | 1998-09-29 | Weinberg; Stanley | Portable personal corona discharge device for destruction of airborne microbes and chemical toxins |
US6042637A (en) * | 1996-08-14 | 2000-03-28 | Weinberg; Stanley | Corona discharge device for destruction of airborne microbes and chemical toxins |
US20050183576A1 (en) * | 1998-11-05 | 2005-08-25 | Sharper Image Corporation | Electro-kinetic air transporter conditioner device with enhanced anti-microorganism capability and variable fan assist |
US7318856B2 (en) * | 1998-11-05 | 2008-01-15 | Sharper Image Corporation | Air treatment apparatus having an electrode extending along an axis which is substantially perpendicular to an air flow path |
WO2002011893A1 (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2002-02-14 | Inteko S.R.L. | Method for finishing a manufactured article by powder painting |
US20030175417A1 (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2003-09-18 | Tito Trevisan | Method for finishing a manufactured article by powder painting |
US7220459B2 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2007-05-22 | Paradigma S.R.L. | Method for finishing a manufactured article by powder painting |
US20110315011A1 (en) * | 2009-02-18 | 2011-12-29 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Small area electrostatic aerosol collector |
US8398746B2 (en) * | 2009-02-18 | 2013-03-19 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Small area electrostatic aerosol collector |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3295440A (en) | Electrostatic printing method and apparatus employing corona discharge means | |
US2525347A (en) | Electrostatic apparatus | |
US3656171A (en) | Apparatus and method for sorting particles and jet prop recording | |
US3336903A (en) | Electrostatic coating apparatus | |
US3673601A (en) | Liquid jet recorder | |
US4219864A (en) | Device and method for moistening and/or discharging electrically insulating objects and materials | |
US3407930A (en) | Method and apparatus for the electrostatic sorting of granular materials | |
GB1120051A (en) | Improvements in printing | |
US3635340A (en) | Electrostatic separating apparatus for particles | |
JPS5852588B2 (en) | Aerosol particle charging device | |
US5749529A (en) | Method of producing corona discharge and electrostatic painting system employing corona discharge | |
US3273496A (en) | Powder feed for electrostatic printing system with an electric field free chamber | |
GB1027438A (en) | Improvements in electrostatic printing | |
US2300324A (en) | Method of and mechanism for classifying finely comminuted material | |
US3694200A (en) | Electrostatic modulator for controlling flow of charged particles | |
JPH08187842A (en) | Ink jet recorder | |
JPS5945425B2 (en) | powder coating equipment | |
US4029995A (en) | Apparatus for producing charged particles | |
US3504624A (en) | Method and apparatus for electrostatic printing | |
KR101466058B1 (en) | Printing apparatus using electrohydrodynamic phenomena and printing method using the same | |
US3443515A (en) | Apparatus for flat plate powder gravure printing | |
JPH0262862B2 (en) | ||
US3828670A (en) | Method and apparatus for electrostatic printing using triboelectric inking developers | |
US3239717A (en) | Method and apparatus for dispersing glomerate particles | |
Abdel-Salam | Applications of high-voltage engineering in industry |