US3055812A - Electrolytic treatment of surfaces - Google Patents

Electrolytic treatment of surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3055812A
US3055812A US61743A US6174360A US3055812A US 3055812 A US3055812 A US 3055812A US 61743 A US61743 A US 61743A US 6174360 A US6174360 A US 6174360A US 3055812 A US3055812 A US 3055812A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cathode
electrolyte
space
metal object
cathode body
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US61743A
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English (en)
Inventor
Andersson Bengt Ivar
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Nyby Bruk AB
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Nyby Bruk AB
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
    • C25D7/0614—Strips or foils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/04—Tubes; Rings; Hollow bodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/04—Electroplating with moving electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
    • C25F3/16—Polishing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic removal of material from objects; Servicing or operating

Definitions

  • a metal object can be pickled and polished by electrolysis by fiXing the object as an anode in an electrolyte and allowing a body fixed as a cathode to pass by the metal surface (or allowing the metal object to pass by the cathode), at the same time as the electrolyte is made to flow in the space between the anode and the cathode.
  • the surface of the cathode is held parallel with that of the anode so that the density of the current is in the main evenly distributed at all points of the cathode body.
  • This method does not give completely satisfactory results since the surface thus treated has not been altogether even or uniform. For instance, in the polishing of stainless steel objects these irregularities have shown themselves in the form of etching damage, which is injurious because it reduces the resistance of the polished surface to corrosion.
  • FIG. 1 shows an arrangement for the internal polishing of tubes.
  • FIG. 2 shows on a larger scale the pump for circulating the electrolyte in the arrangement according to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows an arrangement for polishing or pickling both sides of a plate.
  • the tube 1 that will be electropolished internally is by means of a lead 2 connected to the positive pole of a direct current source 15.
  • a cathode body 3 is arranged in the form of a truncated cone supported by an insulated cable 4 which, since it also serves to convey the current, is preferably of copper.
  • the cable 4 is wound on a drum 5 which is driven by a motor 7.
  • a sliding contact 6 and a lead 16 the cable and thereby the cathode body are connected to the negative pole of the direct current source 15.
  • the electrolyte is introduced into the lower end of the tube 1 through a conduit 18.
  • the electrolyte is led out of the upper end of the tube through a pipe 10 to a container 11 in which some of the gas bubbles formed during electrolysis are separated from the electrolyte.
  • a circulating pump 8 which can, in principle, be of any type, but which is visualized in the illustrated arrangement as consisting of a jet 19 for the injection of a gas, such as air into the electrolyte.
  • the gas draws the electrolyte fluid along with it, partly through the effect of the injector and partly through the so-called mammoth pump effect.
  • the mixture of fluid and gas bubbles rises up through a stand pipe 20 to a larger pipe or container 21, where the gas and fluid are separated and then the electrolyte, because of the force of gravity, runs through a conduit 13 to a heat exchanger 14 where it can be cooled or heated and then on through a conduit 18 to the bottom of the tube 1.
  • the air intake jet of the pump consists of an inner jet tube 22 connectedto a compressed air conduit 9, and an outer jet tube 23 which is equipped with a number of openings 24.
  • the cathode body preferably of copper, is made'so that its upper end is only as thick as is necessary for the connection of the cable 4 carrying the current.
  • the lower end of the cone should not be larger than required so that the space between the cone and the wall of the tube permits the passage of the desired amount of electrolyte.
  • the length of the cathode body that is to say the height of the cone, should be such that the surface of the cone corresponds to the desired current density, which is usually 0.5-1.0 a./cm. depending on the type of electrolyte, but which may under favourable conditions assume considerably higher values, vide Example 2.
  • the arrangement according to FIG. 3 consists of an electrolyte tank 26 of such a size that the plate 27, which is to be polished or pickled, can be suspended from a wire 28 and lowered into the tank by means of a lifting device which is not shown and which allows the plate to be lowered slowly and at a constant speed.
  • the plate is coupled as an anode to a current circuit which is not shown.
  • two long electrodes 29 are placed horizontally and so arranged one on each side of the plate 27 that the space between each electrode and the plate widens upwards.
  • the electrodes 29 are coupled as cathodes to the current circuit which is not shown.
  • the plate 27 is lowered slowly into the tank, whereupon a preliminary treatment takes place in the wider portion of the space between the plate and the cathodes and a finishing treatment takes place in the narrowest portion of the space.
  • the flow of the electrolyte is etfected by means of the circulation pump which, at the same time, brings about a circulation in the whole tank.
  • FIG. 3 shows an arrangement for treating a single plate
  • a number of plates can be treated at the same time if a number of cathodes, preferably with trapezium-shaped cross-sections are arranged beside each other.
  • Example 1 In the arrangement according to FIG. 1, a pipe of stainless steel of type SIS 2333, AISI 304, Maschinenstolf No. 4301, 4306, containing 18% chromium and 8% nickel was polished electrolytically.
  • the pipe was 6 meters long and had an inner diameter of 26 mm.
  • a copper body was used as cathode in the form of a truncated cone with a diameter of 19 mm. at the base and a diameter of 8 mm. at the smaller end.
  • the length of the cathode was 265 mm.
  • the electrode body was suspended from a plastic insulated copper cable and was raised at a speed corresponding to a polishing time of 6 min./ surface area.
  • the electrolyte was of the phosphoric acid type and was kept at atemperature of 50 C. measured at the point where the electrolyte entered the pipe.
  • the speed of the electrolyte was about 70 litres per min.
  • the entire inner surface of the tube displayed an even polish with a high gloss and was free from any flaws which could have come from the polishing, that is to say, discolouration, porosity or etching damage.
  • Example 2 For the polishing of metal wire a copper cathode was used having the shape of a cylinder of a length of 100 millimeters and a diameter of 26 millimeters.
  • the cylinder had a central conical boring having a diameter in the lower end of 100 millimeters and a diameter in the upper end of millimeters.
  • the metal wire was coupled as anode and was wound on a drum and was brought to pass in a downward direction through the boring of the cathode.
  • the electrolyte was brought to pass through the boring in, an upward direction.
  • the polished wire was continually rinsed with running water and was then wound upon a drum.
  • a stainless wire of the type containing 18% chromium and 8% nickel and having a diameter of 1.5 millimeter was electrolytically polished in this device.
  • the wire was brought to pass through the cathode at a velocity of 0.51 meter per minute, dependent on the desired degree of polishing.
  • the electrolyte was of the type containing sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid and chromic acid.
  • the voltage was 11 volts and the current intensity was 68 amperes, corresponding to an average current density of about 14 a./cm. calculated on the wire surface.
  • a method of electrolytically treating the surface of a metal object in which the metal object coupled as an anode and a body coupled as a cathode are moved relative to each other and the electrolyte is directed to flow through the space between anode and cathode, characterised in that said metal object is disposed substantially vertically in the electrolyte bath, in that the cathode body is moved in an upward direction relative to said metal object, in that the cathode body is so placed in relation to the metal object that the space between them widens in the direction of movement of the cathode body and that the electrolyte is brought to flow upwardly in the space between said metal object and said cathode body.
  • a method according to claim 2 for polishing the inner surfaces of tubes with circular cross-sections characterised by the fact that the cathode body is shaped like a truncated cone.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
US61743A 1961-01-20 1960-10-10 Electrolytic treatment of surfaces Expired - Lifetime US3055812A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE60561A SE204588C1 (de) 1961-01-20 1961-01-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3055812A true US3055812A (en) 1962-09-25

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US61743A Expired - Lifetime US3055812A (en) 1961-01-20 1960-10-10 Electrolytic treatment of surfaces
US167087A Expired - Lifetime US3223600A (en) 1961-01-20 1962-01-18 Method of electrolytic metal plating

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US167087A Expired - Lifetime US3223600A (en) 1961-01-20 1962-01-18 Method of electrolytic metal plating

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (2) US3055812A (de)
DE (2) DE1202607B (de)
FR (1) FR1310997A (de)
GB (1) GB961251A (de)
SE (1) SE204588C1 (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3287237A (en) * 1962-03-28 1966-11-22 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Surface treatment of bright annealed strip
US3420765A (en) * 1965-04-29 1969-01-07 Reynolds Metals Co Self-feeding anode probe for reduction cell
US4772367A (en) * 1986-05-20 1988-09-20 Poligrat Gmbh Apparatus for and a method of electrochemically polishing pipe inside surfaces
US6007694A (en) * 1998-04-07 1999-12-28 Phillips Plastics Corporation Electrochemical machining
US6277264B1 (en) 2000-02-02 2001-08-21 Therma Corporation, Inc. System and method for using multiple lead connections in an electropolishing process
US6402908B1 (en) 2000-02-02 2002-06-11 Therma Corporation, Inc. Pipe electropolishing apparatus using an electrolyte heater and cooler
US6428681B1 (en) 2000-12-06 2002-08-06 Therma Corporation, Inc. System and method for reversing electrolyte flow during an electropolishing operation
US6547950B1 (en) 2000-02-02 2003-04-15 Therma Corporation, Inc. Cathode rinsing station and method
US6712668B2 (en) 2000-12-06 2004-03-30 Therma Corporation, Inc. System and method for electropolishing nonuniform pipes
CN114411230A (zh) * 2022-03-01 2022-04-29 中国原子能科学研究院 一种管件的电镀装置及电镀方法

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3533926A (en) * 1966-09-29 1970-10-13 Vyzk Ustav Mech Electrolytic method for enlarging the bore of a tubular workpiece
FR2140310B1 (de) * 1971-06-09 1974-03-08 Anvar
US4125447A (en) * 1978-03-24 1978-11-14 Bachert Karl R Means for plating the inner surface of tubes
DE2928621A1 (de) * 1979-07-16 1981-02-12 Hoechst Ag Verfahren zum zonenweisen hochglanzpolieren grossflaechiger stahloberflaechen
DE3430384A1 (de) * 1984-08-17 1986-02-20 Kraftwerk Union AG, 4330 Mülheim Verfahren und vorrichtung zum elektropolieren der innenoberflaeche von u-foermigen waermetauscherrohren
US20040108215A1 (en) * 2002-12-06 2004-06-10 Com Dev Ltd. Electroplating anode assembly
US8070929B2 (en) * 2008-08-21 2011-12-06 Snu R&Db Foundation Catalyst particles on a tip
CN103103591A (zh) * 2013-01-22 2013-05-15 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 核反应堆控制棒驱动装置小孔的镀铬装置及工艺

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB429206A (en) * 1934-02-01 1935-05-27 Henderik Van Der Horst Improvements in or relating to the deposition of chromium on cylinder bores
US2048578A (en) * 1933-02-21 1936-07-21 Horst Henderik Van Der Method of and means for providing a hard wearing surface in the cylinder bores of internal combustion engines and the like
US2390282A (en) * 1940-10-19 1945-12-04 Tour Electrolytic barrel pickling and polishing
US2412186A (en) * 1942-10-24 1946-12-03 Republic Steel Corp Method of bright polishing stainless steel tubes
US2725354A (en) * 1951-10-18 1955-11-29 Western Electric Co Methods of and apparatus for electropolishing metallic articles
US2764540A (en) * 1952-09-10 1956-09-25 William G Farin Method and means for electropolishing inner surfaces
US2868705A (en) * 1955-01-19 1959-01-13 John J Baier Art of electrolytically treating metal to clean, level, smooth, polish and/or protect the surfaces thereof
US2970950A (en) * 1958-01-22 1961-02-07 Benteler Corp Method and apparatus for the continuous galvanization of the inner surface of tubes

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1904432A (en) * 1926-07-27 1933-04-18 Chemical Treat Company Inc Method of electrodepositing chromium
DE754082C (de) * 1941-08-16 1954-01-18 Max Stroetzel Verfahren zur Herstellung massgenauer Chromueberzuege durch elektrolytische Chromabscheidung auf der Aussenflaeche zylindrischer, im Elektrolyten lotrecht angeordneter Gegenstaende
US2425359A (en) * 1942-06-16 1947-08-12 Zavarella Arthur Apparatus for producing tapered electrodeposits
DE1034447B (de) * 1955-04-09 1958-07-17 Benteler Werke Ag Einrichtung fuer die gleichzeitige elektrolytische Behandlung der Innen- und Aussenwandungen mehrerer metallischer Hohlkoerper grosser Laenge, insbesondere von Rohren
US2859157A (en) * 1956-10-04 1958-11-04 Jr John S Curtiss Method and apparatus for electroplating the interior surface of conductive material apertures

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2048578A (en) * 1933-02-21 1936-07-21 Horst Henderik Van Der Method of and means for providing a hard wearing surface in the cylinder bores of internal combustion engines and the like
GB429206A (en) * 1934-02-01 1935-05-27 Henderik Van Der Horst Improvements in or relating to the deposition of chromium on cylinder bores
US2390282A (en) * 1940-10-19 1945-12-04 Tour Electrolytic barrel pickling and polishing
US2412186A (en) * 1942-10-24 1946-12-03 Republic Steel Corp Method of bright polishing stainless steel tubes
US2725354A (en) * 1951-10-18 1955-11-29 Western Electric Co Methods of and apparatus for electropolishing metallic articles
US2764540A (en) * 1952-09-10 1956-09-25 William G Farin Method and means for electropolishing inner surfaces
US2868705A (en) * 1955-01-19 1959-01-13 John J Baier Art of electrolytically treating metal to clean, level, smooth, polish and/or protect the surfaces thereof
US2970950A (en) * 1958-01-22 1961-02-07 Benteler Corp Method and apparatus for the continuous galvanization of the inner surface of tubes

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3287237A (en) * 1962-03-28 1966-11-22 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Surface treatment of bright annealed strip
US3420765A (en) * 1965-04-29 1969-01-07 Reynolds Metals Co Self-feeding anode probe for reduction cell
US4772367A (en) * 1986-05-20 1988-09-20 Poligrat Gmbh Apparatus for and a method of electrochemically polishing pipe inside surfaces
US6007694A (en) * 1998-04-07 1999-12-28 Phillips Plastics Corporation Electrochemical machining
US6277264B1 (en) 2000-02-02 2001-08-21 Therma Corporation, Inc. System and method for using multiple lead connections in an electropolishing process
US6402908B1 (en) 2000-02-02 2002-06-11 Therma Corporation, Inc. Pipe electropolishing apparatus using an electrolyte heater and cooler
US6547950B1 (en) 2000-02-02 2003-04-15 Therma Corporation, Inc. Cathode rinsing station and method
US6660156B2 (en) 2000-02-02 2003-12-09 Therma Corporation, Inc. Pipe electropolishing apparatus using an electrolyte heater and cooler
US6428681B1 (en) 2000-12-06 2002-08-06 Therma Corporation, Inc. System and method for reversing electrolyte flow during an electropolishing operation
US6712668B2 (en) 2000-12-06 2004-03-30 Therma Corporation, Inc. System and method for electropolishing nonuniform pipes
CN114411230A (zh) * 2022-03-01 2022-04-29 中国原子能科学研究院 一种管件的电镀装置及电镀方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB961251A (en) 1964-06-17
SE204588C1 (de) 1966-05-24
US3223600A (en) 1965-12-14
DE1260264B (de) 1968-02-01
FR1310997A (fr) 1962-11-30
DE1202607B (de) 1965-10-07

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