US3031387A - Anodic oxidation of aluminum - Google Patents
Anodic oxidation of aluminum Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3031387A US3031387A US857562A US85756259A US3031387A US 3031387 A US3031387 A US 3031387A US 857562 A US857562 A US 857562A US 85756259 A US85756259 A US 85756259A US 3031387 A US3031387 A US 3031387A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- sulfuric acid
- voltage
- acid
- anodizing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
- C25D11/24—Chemical after-treatment
- C25D11/246—Chemical after-treatment for sealing layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/14—Producing integrally coloured layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
Definitions
- an oxide coating produced on the surface by exposure as an anode in an acid electrolyte capable of yielding oxygen on electrolysis, such as an aqueous solution of sulfuric. acid.
- the operation of forming such coatings is commonly termed anodizing and the aluminum surface thus protected is commonly termed anodized.
- Electrolysis in solutions of sulfuric acid with direct or alternating current generally provide colorless to grayish layers of oxide coating on aluminum.
- the abrasion resistance of these layers is in general not very great which can be demonstrated by the fact that the oxide layer can generally be scraped off with a knife. It has long been desired to produce abrasion resistant oxide layers and to produce colored oxide coated aluminum surfaces.
- abrasion resistant oxide layers were produced only by anodizing at low temperatures, i.e. from about 0 to 30 F. Such process possesses certain inherent disadvantages particularly with regard to the necessity for expensive refrigeration equipment to maintain the coating bath at temperatures below 30 F.
- an abrasion resistant oxide coating on aluminum metal can be produced at temperatures which do not necessitate subjecting the anodizing bath to refrigeration. For example, temperatures in the range of 55 to 85 F. have been found quite satisfactory. Further, it has been discovered that colored oxide coated aluminum metal surfaces characterized by pleasing appearance and superior light fastness can be produced without subjecting the coated surfaces to a separate coloring treatment. The colors are produced during production of the oxide coating in a bath with special reagents but wherein no dyes or pigments are used.
- the aluminum metal is subjected to anodic oxidation in an aqueous solution consisting essentially of sulfosalicylic acid and at least one substance selected from the group consisting of metal sulfates and sulfuric acid, balance water.
- the aluminum metal may comprise a single layer or multiple layers of the same or differing aluminum metals bonded together.
- the electrolytes of this invention consist essentially of an aqueous solution of from about 5 to 50% by weight of sulfosalicylic acid and at least one substance selected from the group consisting of metal sulfates'and sulfuric acid in an amount equivalent to not more than 15% by weight sulfuric acid.
- sulfosalicylic acid a substance selected from the group consisting of metal sulfates'and sulfuric acid in an amount equivalent to not more than 15% by weight sulfuric acid.
- sulfuricacid Even a small amount of metal sulfate or sulfuric acid is beneficial to the electrolyte embodying the principles of this invention, e.g. an amount of metal sulfate or sulfuric acid equivalent to 0.1% by weight of sulfuric acid is beneficial.
- the preferred ranges are from about 7 to 15 by weight sulfosalicylic acid and an amount of metal sulfate or sulfuric acid equivalent to from about 0.3 to 4% by weight sulfuric acid. It has been found that anodic coatings on samples of various aluminum alloys anodized in electrolytes having compositions within the broad ranges recited above have superior abrasion resistance as demonstrated by the fact that the coatings cannot be easily scraped off with a knife.
- a distinct advantage of the present invention is the production of abrasion resistant oxide coatings at bath temperatures such as 55 to F. rather than at freezing temperatures, i.e. 030 F. required by prior art methods wherein expensive refrigeration is needed. Further, depending on the aluminum base alloy and the composition and concentrations of the electrolyte employed, various shades of various colors may be produced. In general the coatings produced are uniform.
- the aluminum metal may be subjected to various pretreatments prior to anodizing.
- the-base metal may be subjected to conventional polishing or brightening treatments, e.g. mechanical, chemical or electrochemical.
- polishing or brightening treatments e.g. mechanical, chemical or electrochemical.
- the base metal can be subjected to a suitable etching treatment. Examples of satisfactory pretreatment and anodizing procedure utilizing the novel electrolyte embodying the principles of this invention are set forth below, it being understood that the conventional water rinsing operations after various steps are not recited.
- An example of one suitable cleaning solution isone composed of 40 grams per liter sodium carbonate, 20 grams per liter trisodium phosphate, 5 grams per liter sodium metasilicate, balance water. The solution may be maintained at atemperature of about F.
- the oxide coatings may be sealed by lns d 50% by volume nitric acid.
- various treatments for example, the anodized metal can 111 C ld W t r. be immersed in hot water maintained at a temperature of The samples were anodiz d for a period of 60 min- .f t 212 R d having a H f fro 5 t 6 55 utes 1n the electrolytes as. set forth in Table 11 below, for a period of 10 to 30 minutes.
- e Contained tains a significant amount of copper, involves immersion twenty bier rectangular y J flqP Pp with for from about 0.5 .to 10 minutes in an aqueous solution surfing d f lead cathOdBS- A e P of from about 0.1 to 5% of common soaps or their compp t y full Wave 86161110111 horrs 1n ponents, e.g. mixtures of the sodium salts of fatty acids Serlessuch as lauric, myristic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids 65 All the Samples were anodllfid With dlrect current at 72 F. The current densities employed were 27 a.s.f.
- the samples were anodlzed 1n 511111 1 10 suliuic 5 tfrgict 1 a cid t varlous electrolyte composltlons and under various time, gi fi ib 55,2 e 90 m y e current density, voltage and temperature conditions with resulting abrasion resistances as set forth in table III. 33.0 19.0 27.9 11.5
- the electrolytes were contained in SO-gallon, rubber-lined gig 1 391% ii; I tanks and were circulated by means of mechanical stir- 31.0 21.5 7.0 ring or air agitation. Power was supplied by a motor generator and perforated lead cathodes were used.
- Table V Further examples illustrating colors obtained by pracnice of this invention are set forth in Table V below which includes alloy designation, color, and operational conditions, i.e. initial current density, average time to maximum volts, maximum volts and total anodizing time.
- the samples used were in the form of a sheet or extrusions, the sheets ranging in size from about one foot square to four feet by eight feet.
- the extrusions used involved various typical cross-sectional shapes in lengths up to about 10 feet.
- the colored aluminum product of the present invention is characterized by a dense anodic coating.
- the products set forth in Table V generally are found to have an oxide coating Weighing not less than about 20 milligrams per square inch per side of surface and the oxide coating generally is at least .0005 inch thick.
- aluminum is meant to cover high purity aluminum, commercial purity aluminum and aluminum alloys.
- the method offorming colored coatings on aluminum electrolytically comprising the'steps of subjecting said aluminum to anodic oxidation for a period of time of from 1 to 150 minutes at an initial current density of from about 10 to a.s. f. and a voltage of from about 20 to volts in an aqueous solution consisting essentially of from 5 to 50% sulfosalicylic acid, at least one substance selected from the group consisting of metal claims are by weight of the total sulfates and sulfuric acid in an amount equivalent to from about 0.1 to 4% sulfuric acid and the balance water, said solution being maintained at a temperature of from about 55 to 85 F., maintaining said initial current density approximately constant until a selected maximum voltage is reached at which voltage a coating of a desired color is obtained, and thereafter maintaining said selected maximum voltage approximately constant until said anodic oxidation forms a coating of a desired thickness.
- the method of forming colored coatings on aluminum electrolytically comprising the steps of subjecting said aluminum to anodic oxidation for a period of time of from to 60 minutes at an initial current density of from about to a.s.f. and a voltage from about 25 to about volts in an aqueous solution consisting essentially of from 7 to 15% sulfosalicyclic acid, from 0.1
- aqueous solution consists essentially of 10% sulfosalicyclic acid,”0.5% sulfuric acid and the balance water.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
Priority Applications (23)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL238065D NL238065A (fr) | 1958-04-14 | ||
GB12242/59A GB850576A (en) | 1958-04-14 | 1959-04-10 | Improvements in or relating to the electrolytic treatment of aluminium |
NL238065A NL123241C (fr) | 1958-04-14 | 1959-04-13 | |
DEK37475A DE1145888B (de) | 1958-04-14 | 1959-04-14 | Waessrige Loesung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung von gefaerbten und abriebfesten UEberzuegen auf Aluminium durch anodische Oxydation |
CH7202659A CH380483A (de) | 1958-04-14 | 1959-04-14 | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Oxydüberzügen auf Aluminium oder dessen Legierungen |
FR792042A FR1221531A (fr) | 1958-04-14 | 1959-04-14 | Procédé de formation de revêtement d'oxyde sur de l'aluminium |
US857562A US3031387A (en) | 1958-04-14 | 1959-12-07 | Anodic oxidation of aluminum |
GB36805/60A GB957865A (en) | 1958-04-14 | 1960-10-26 | Improvements in or relating to the electrolytic treatment of aluminium |
NL257650A NL128732C (fr) | 1958-04-14 | 1960-11-05 | |
NL257650D NL257650A (fr) | 1958-04-14 | 1960-11-05 | |
BE597275A BE597275A (fr) | 1958-04-14 | 1960-11-21 | Procédé de formation de revêtements d'oxyde sur de l'aluminium |
CH1354960A CH394755A (de) | 1958-04-14 | 1960-12-02 | Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Erzeugung von Oxydschutzüberzügen auf Aluminium oder dessen Legierungen |
FR846226A FR78842E (fr) | 1958-04-14 | 1960-12-07 | Procédé de formation de revêtements d'oxyde sur de l'aluminium |
DE1446002A DE1446002C3 (de) | 1958-04-14 | 1960-12-07 | Verfahren zur Herstellung gleichmäßig gefärbter Oxidschichten auf Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen durch anodische Oxydation |
US123655A US3098018A (en) | 1958-04-14 | 1961-07-13 | Sealing anodized aluminum |
DE19621446461 DE1446461B2 (de) | 1958-04-14 | 1962-06-07 | Versiegelungsbad für anodisch oxydierte AlUDiiniumflächen, Verwendung desselben und Verfahren zum Versiegeln anodisch oxydierter Aluminiumflächen |
GB23389/62A GB965836A (en) | 1958-04-14 | 1962-06-18 | Improvements in or relating to aluminium oxide coating sealing methods |
NL280383A NL131370C (fr) | 1958-04-14 | 1962-06-29 | |
NL280383D NL280383A (fr) | 1958-04-14 | 1962-06-29 | |
CH834862A CH432974A (de) | 1958-04-14 | 1962-07-11 | Verfahren zum Versiegeln der Oberfläche von anodisch oxydierten, gefärbten Aluminiumgegenständen |
BE620217D BE620217A (fr) | 1958-04-14 | 1962-07-13 | |
FR904031A FR81995E (fr) | 1958-04-14 | 1962-07-13 | Procédé de formation de revêtements d'oxyde sur de l'aluminium |
US30990863 USRE25566E (en) | 1958-04-14 | 1963-09-18 | Anodic oxidation of aluminum |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US72809058A | 1958-04-14 | 1958-04-14 | |
US857562A US3031387A (en) | 1958-04-14 | 1959-12-07 | Anodic oxidation of aluminum |
US123655A US3098018A (en) | 1958-04-14 | 1961-07-13 | Sealing anodized aluminum |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3031387A true US3031387A (en) | 1962-04-24 |
Family
ID=27382988
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US857562A Expired - Lifetime US3031387A (en) | 1958-04-14 | 1959-12-07 | Anodic oxidation of aluminum |
US123655A Expired - Lifetime US3098018A (en) | 1958-04-14 | 1961-07-13 | Sealing anodized aluminum |
US30990863 Expired USRE25566E (en) | 1958-04-14 | 1963-09-18 | Anodic oxidation of aluminum |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US123655A Expired - Lifetime US3098018A (en) | 1958-04-14 | 1961-07-13 | Sealing anodized aluminum |
US30990863 Expired USRE25566E (en) | 1958-04-14 | 1963-09-18 | Anodic oxidation of aluminum |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US3031387A (fr) |
BE (2) | BE597275A (fr) |
CH (3) | CH380483A (fr) |
DE (3) | DE1145888B (fr) |
FR (3) | FR1221531A (fr) |
GB (3) | GB850576A (fr) |
NL (6) | NL123241C (fr) |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3098018A (en) * | 1958-04-14 | 1963-07-16 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Sealing anodized aluminum |
US3143485A (en) * | 1961-11-28 | 1964-08-04 | Aluminum Co Of America | Aluminum anodizing |
US3227639A (en) * | 1961-10-24 | 1966-01-04 | Aluminum Co Of America | Method of anodizing aluminum with electrolyte containing sulfophthalic acid |
US3243362A (en) * | 1963-05-02 | 1966-03-29 | Aluminum Co Of America | Method of anodizing aluminum |
US3265239A (en) * | 1962-10-23 | 1966-08-09 | American Can Co | Coated metal container |
US3265597A (en) * | 1962-06-16 | 1966-08-09 | Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag | Anodizing process and electrolyte |
US3280013A (en) * | 1964-06-02 | 1966-10-18 | Aluminum Co Of America | Anodizing electrolyte and process |
US3284321A (en) * | 1962-07-19 | 1966-11-08 | Howard A Fromson | Manufacture of aluminum articles with anodized surfaces presenting multicolor effects |
US3425918A (en) * | 1965-11-12 | 1969-02-04 | Alusuisse | Electrolyte for the production of selfcolored anodic oxide layers on aluminum and aluminum alloys |
US3505181A (en) * | 1963-05-29 | 1970-04-07 | Secr Defence Brit | Treatment of titanium surfaces |
US4022670A (en) * | 1975-07-16 | 1977-05-10 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Process for preparation of lithographic printing plates |
US4086148A (en) * | 1975-12-08 | 1978-04-25 | Societe Anonyme De Traitement Des Metaux Et Alliages (Satma) | Process of making etched aluminum sheets and electrolytic capacitors formed therefrom |
US4126483A (en) * | 1977-06-03 | 1978-11-21 | Ford Motor Company | Method of adherency of electrodeposits on light weight metals |
DE3327191A1 (de) * | 1982-08-07 | 1984-02-09 | Sandoz-Patent-GmbH, 7850 Lörrach | Verfahren zum verdichten von anodisch oxydierten oberflaechen aus aluminium |
US5066368A (en) * | 1990-08-17 | 1991-11-19 | Olin Corporation | Process for producing black integrally colored anodized aluminum components |
US5120405A (en) * | 1990-03-02 | 1992-06-09 | Yoshida Kogyo K.K. | Method of coloring aluminum or aluminum alloy material |
US5288372A (en) * | 1992-07-07 | 1994-02-22 | Alumax Inc. | Altering a metal body surface |
WO2001006040A1 (fr) * | 1999-07-14 | 2001-01-25 | Nielsen & Bainbridge Llc | Procede permettant de deposer electrochimiquement des couches multicolores sur des cadres d'image en aluminium au moyen d'une technique d'anodisation |
US20070080068A1 (en) * | 2005-10-12 | 2007-04-12 | Ferralli Michael W | Method for preparing thermally transmissive anodized surface and products therefrom |
US20130224406A1 (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2013-08-29 | Htc Corporation | Casing of handheld electronic device and method of manufacturing the same |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3370943A (en) * | 1965-11-04 | 1968-02-27 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Aluminum alloy |
US3669855A (en) * | 1970-01-28 | 1972-06-13 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Control of integral color anodizing process |
US3790208A (en) * | 1972-06-07 | 1974-02-05 | Toyoda Chuo Kenkyusho Kk | Safety belt |
US8609254B2 (en) | 2010-05-19 | 2013-12-17 | Sanford Process Corporation | Microcrystalline anodic coatings and related methods therefor |
US8512872B2 (en) | 2010-05-19 | 2013-08-20 | Dupalectpa-CHN, LLC | Sealed anodic coatings |
CN113549928B (zh) * | 2020-04-23 | 2022-05-10 | 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种铝合金管材清洗剂及工艺方法 |
CN112354976A (zh) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-02-12 | 富乐德科技发展(天津)有限公司 | 一种去除阳极氧化铝表面沉积污染物的清洗方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE657902C (de) * | 1935-12-11 | 1938-03-16 | Schering Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Oxydschichten auf Aluminium |
US2233785A (en) * | 1935-12-11 | 1941-03-04 | Sherka Chemical Co Inc | Process for the manufacture of oxide layers on aluminum and aluminum alloys and to electrolytes therefor |
US2260278A (en) * | 1935-01-08 | 1941-10-21 | Firm Ematal Electrochemical Co | Process for the production of opaque protective coatings on aluminum and its alloys |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL64809B (fr) * | 1932-05-26 | |||
US2888388A (en) * | 1957-08-26 | 1959-05-26 | Sandoz Ag | Sealing of dyed anodized aluminum |
NL238065A (fr) * | 1958-04-14 |
-
0
- NL NL238065D patent/NL238065A/xx unknown
-
1959
- 1959-04-10 GB GB12242/59A patent/GB850576A/en not_active Expired
- 1959-04-13 NL NL238065A patent/NL123241C/xx active
- 1959-04-14 DE DEK37475A patent/DE1145888B/de active Pending
- 1959-04-14 CH CH7202659A patent/CH380483A/de unknown
- 1959-04-14 FR FR792042A patent/FR1221531A/fr not_active Expired
- 1959-12-07 US US857562A patent/US3031387A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1960
- 1960-10-26 GB GB36805/60A patent/GB957865A/en not_active Expired
- 1960-11-05 NL NL257650D patent/NL257650A/xx unknown
- 1960-11-05 NL NL257650A patent/NL128732C/xx active
- 1960-11-21 BE BE597275A patent/BE597275A/fr unknown
- 1960-12-02 CH CH1354960A patent/CH394755A/de unknown
- 1960-12-07 DE DE1446002A patent/DE1446002C3/de not_active Expired
- 1960-12-07 FR FR846226A patent/FR78842E/fr not_active Expired
-
1961
- 1961-07-13 US US123655A patent/US3098018A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1962
- 1962-06-07 DE DE19621446461 patent/DE1446461B2/de active Pending
- 1962-06-18 GB GB23389/62A patent/GB965836A/en not_active Expired
- 1962-06-29 NL NL280383A patent/NL131370C/xx active
- 1962-06-29 NL NL280383D patent/NL280383A/xx unknown
- 1962-07-11 CH CH834862A patent/CH432974A/de unknown
- 1962-07-13 BE BE620217D patent/BE620217A/xx unknown
- 1962-07-13 FR FR904031A patent/FR81995E/fr not_active Expired
-
1963
- 1963-09-18 US US30990863 patent/USRE25566E/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2260278A (en) * | 1935-01-08 | 1941-10-21 | Firm Ematal Electrochemical Co | Process for the production of opaque protective coatings on aluminum and its alloys |
DE657902C (de) * | 1935-12-11 | 1938-03-16 | Schering Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Oxydschichten auf Aluminium |
US2233785A (en) * | 1935-12-11 | 1941-03-04 | Sherka Chemical Co Inc | Process for the manufacture of oxide layers on aluminum and aluminum alloys and to electrolytes therefor |
Cited By (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3098018A (en) * | 1958-04-14 | 1963-07-16 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Sealing anodized aluminum |
US3227639A (en) * | 1961-10-24 | 1966-01-04 | Aluminum Co Of America | Method of anodizing aluminum with electrolyte containing sulfophthalic acid |
US3143485A (en) * | 1961-11-28 | 1964-08-04 | Aluminum Co Of America | Aluminum anodizing |
US3265597A (en) * | 1962-06-16 | 1966-08-09 | Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag | Anodizing process and electrolyte |
US3284321A (en) * | 1962-07-19 | 1966-11-08 | Howard A Fromson | Manufacture of aluminum articles with anodized surfaces presenting multicolor effects |
US3265239A (en) * | 1962-10-23 | 1966-08-09 | American Can Co | Coated metal container |
US3243362A (en) * | 1963-05-02 | 1966-03-29 | Aluminum Co Of America | Method of anodizing aluminum |
US3505181A (en) * | 1963-05-29 | 1970-04-07 | Secr Defence Brit | Treatment of titanium surfaces |
US3280013A (en) * | 1964-06-02 | 1966-10-18 | Aluminum Co Of America | Anodizing electrolyte and process |
US3425918A (en) * | 1965-11-12 | 1969-02-04 | Alusuisse | Electrolyte for the production of selfcolored anodic oxide layers on aluminum and aluminum alloys |
US4022670A (en) * | 1975-07-16 | 1977-05-10 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Process for preparation of lithographic printing plates |
US4086148A (en) * | 1975-12-08 | 1978-04-25 | Societe Anonyme De Traitement Des Metaux Et Alliages (Satma) | Process of making etched aluminum sheets and electrolytic capacitors formed therefrom |
US4126483A (en) * | 1977-06-03 | 1978-11-21 | Ford Motor Company | Method of adherency of electrodeposits on light weight metals |
DE3327191A1 (de) * | 1982-08-07 | 1984-02-09 | Sandoz-Patent-GmbH, 7850 Lörrach | Verfahren zum verdichten von anodisch oxydierten oberflaechen aus aluminium |
US4531979A (en) * | 1982-08-07 | 1985-07-30 | Sandoz Ltd. | Sealing of anodically oxidized aluminum or aluminum alloy surfaces and compounds useful therefor |
US5120405A (en) * | 1990-03-02 | 1992-06-09 | Yoshida Kogyo K.K. | Method of coloring aluminum or aluminum alloy material |
US5066368A (en) * | 1990-08-17 | 1991-11-19 | Olin Corporation | Process for producing black integrally colored anodized aluminum components |
WO1992003846A1 (fr) * | 1990-08-17 | 1992-03-05 | Olin Corporation | Composants electroniques pour encapsulation en aluminium anodise |
US5403975A (en) * | 1990-08-17 | 1995-04-04 | Olin Corporation | Anodized aluminum electronic package components |
US5288372A (en) * | 1992-07-07 | 1994-02-22 | Alumax Inc. | Altering a metal body surface |
WO2001006040A1 (fr) * | 1999-07-14 | 2001-01-25 | Nielsen & Bainbridge Llc | Procede permettant de deposer electrochimiquement des couches multicolores sur des cadres d'image en aluminium au moyen d'une technique d'anodisation |
US6342145B1 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2002-01-29 | Nielsen & Bainbridge Llc | Process for manufacturing multi-colored picture frames |
US20070080068A1 (en) * | 2005-10-12 | 2007-04-12 | Ferralli Michael W | Method for preparing thermally transmissive anodized surface and products therefrom |
US8007651B2 (en) * | 2005-10-12 | 2011-08-30 | Transys, Llc | Method for preparing thermally transmissive anodized surface and products therefrom |
US20130224406A1 (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2013-08-29 | Htc Corporation | Casing of handheld electronic device and method of manufacturing the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE1145888B (de) | 1963-03-21 |
BE620217A (fr) | 1962-07-31 |
FR81995E (fr) | 1963-12-06 |
DE1446002B2 (de) | 1972-09-07 |
NL280383A (fr) | 1964-12-10 |
NL128732C (fr) | 1970-05-15 |
GB957865A (en) | 1964-05-13 |
NL131370C (fr) | 1971-05-17 |
CH380483A (de) | 1964-07-31 |
DE1446002C3 (de) | 1974-09-26 |
NL123241C (fr) | 1967-11-15 |
CH432974A (de) | 1967-03-31 |
US3098018A (en) | 1963-07-16 |
NL238065A (fr) | |
DE1446461A1 (de) | 1969-01-23 |
NL257650A (fr) | 1964-04-10 |
DE1446002A1 (de) | 1969-01-16 |
FR78842E (fr) | 1962-09-14 |
DE1446461B2 (de) | 1970-09-10 |
GB850576A (en) | 1960-10-05 |
USRE25566E (en) | 1964-04-28 |
BE597275A (fr) | 1961-03-15 |
FR1221531A (fr) | 1960-06-02 |
GB965836A (en) | 1964-08-06 |
CH394755A (de) | 1965-06-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3031387A (en) | Anodic oxidation of aluminum | |
US3375179A (en) | Method of anodizing beryllium and product thereof | |
US2231373A (en) | Coating of articles of aluminum or aluminum alloys | |
US5472788A (en) | Colored anodized aluminum and electrolytic method for the manufacture of same | |
US4021315A (en) | Process for electrolytic coloring of the anodic oxide film on aluminum or aluminum base alloys | |
DE2638305A1 (de) | Verfahren und mittel zur chemischen oberflaechenausruestung von metallen | |
US3917887A (en) | Process for dyeing oxide layers on aluminum and aluminum alloys | |
US5587063A (en) | Method for electrolytic coloring of aluminum surfaces using alternating current | |
US3616311A (en) | Integral hard coat anodizing system | |
EP1230444B1 (fr) | Amelioration de la solidite a la lumiere de teintures sur des couches d'oxyde d'aluminium | |
US3661729A (en) | Process for coloring anodic coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys with metal salts | |
US4430169A (en) | Method of producing green coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys | |
US3531381A (en) | Method of improving the corrosion resistance of oxidized metal surfaces | |
US4180443A (en) | Method for coloring aluminum | |
US4115212A (en) | Electrolytic coloring process for non anodized aluminum and its alloys | |
US3767474A (en) | Sealing methods and compositions for aluminum oxide coatings | |
US3107159A (en) | Colored anodized aluminum article and alloys therefor | |
US3057761A (en) | Coloring oxide coated aluminum and product | |
US4144142A (en) | Method for producing colored anodic film on aluminum-based material | |
US4917780A (en) | Process for coloring anodized aluminum by AC electrolysis | |
US3384562A (en) | Process and electrolyte for coloring aluminum | |
US3787298A (en) | Anodizing aluminum foams | |
KR101923897B1 (ko) | 피처리물의 양극산화 방법 | |
US3658665A (en) | Electrolytic method for producing a colored anodized layer on aluminum and alloys of aluminum | |
US4100041A (en) | Method of forming a colored and oxide film on aluminum and aluminum alloys |