US3008071A - Adjustment and maintenance of constant peripheral speed of rotary machines - Google Patents

Adjustment and maintenance of constant peripheral speed of rotary machines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3008071A
US3008071A US619054A US61905456A US3008071A US 3008071 A US3008071 A US 3008071A US 619054 A US619054 A US 619054A US 61905456 A US61905456 A US 61905456A US 3008071 A US3008071 A US 3008071A
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Prior art keywords
voltage
control
speed
potentiometer
machine
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US619054A
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English (en)
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Fritz Karger
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FA REIMERS-GETRIEBE KG
REIMERS GETRIEBE KG FA
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REIMERS GETRIEBE KG FA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/02—Driving main working members
    • B23Q5/04—Driving main working members rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles
    • B23Q5/12—Mechanical drives with means for varying the speed ratio
    • B23Q5/16—Mechanical drives with means for varying the speed ratio infinitely-variable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
    • B23Q15/007—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work while the tool acts upon the workpiece
    • B23Q15/08—Control or regulation of cutting velocity
    • B23Q15/10—Control or regulation of cutting velocity to maintain constant cutting velocity between tool and workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H59/00—Adjusting or controlling tension in filamentary material, e.g. for preventing snarling; Applications of tension indicators
    • B65H59/38—Adjusting or controlling tension in filamentary material, e.g. for preventing snarling; Applications of tension indicators by regulating speed of driving mechanism of unwinding, paying-out, forwarding, winding, or depositing devices, e.g. automatically in response to variations in tension
    • B65H59/384—Adjusting or controlling tension in filamentary material, e.g. for preventing snarling; Applications of tension indicators by regulating speed of driving mechanism of unwinding, paying-out, forwarding, winding, or depositing devices, e.g. automatically in response to variations in tension using electronic means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2601/00—Problem to be solved or advantage achieved
    • B65H2601/30—Facilitating or easing
    • B65H2601/32—Facilitating or easing entities relating to handling machine
    • B65H2601/324—Removability or inter-changeability of machine parts, e.g. for maintenance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
    • B65H2701/30—Handled filamentary material
    • B65H2701/31—Textiles threads or artificial strands of filaments
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T82/00—Turning
    • Y10T82/25—Lathe
    • Y10T82/2552—Headstock
    • Y10T82/2554—Speed changing gear
    • Y10T82/2556—Speed change gears for maintaining constant cutting speed

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements in rotary machines and machine tools, the peripheral speed of which is to be varied in accordance with a change in diameter of the respective object worked upon or in accordance with the changing position of the tool or feeler relative to the center of rotation of the workpiece.
  • the invention relates to such machines which are driven by a motor or the like which drives the respective machine through an infinitely variable driving gear which is regulated by a control motor or the like which, in turn, is automatically controlled by suitable electric circuits means.
  • the present invention therefore concerns such machines in which the selected peripheral speed of the workpiece is controlled independently of the power required to rotate the machine to carry out the respective work thereon.
  • Apparatus of this kind are especially required in lathes and similar cutting machines, including turret and profiling lathes, for automatically varying the rotary speed of the work spindle so as to maintain the desired cutting speed entirely constant despite the varying diameter at which an object is being worked upon in such machine.
  • Such control apparatus are also required for the proper operation of winding machines and the like in which the speed of rotation of the winding drum or other carrier must be automatically regulated so that the feeding rate of the respective material toward or away from such carrier will be held constant despite the increasing or decreasing diameter of the carrier.
  • the principle governing an apparatus of this type consists in maintaining the peripheral or cutting speed v of the workpiece, the number of revolutions per minute n of the work spindle of the machine, and the working diameter d, that is, the particular diameter at which the Work is being carried out at any point of time, in a certain relation to each other which is determined by the equation
  • This equation shows that the peripheral speed v may also have any desired preset constants between two limits.
  • the object of the present invention namely, to set up and maintain any desired peripheral speed v of a machine of the mentioned kind at a constant rate even though the working diameter d varies, by automatically adjusting the number of revolutions n of the work spindle may be easily and effectively realized according to the invention by providing a first variable electric control element to set up the desired value of the peripheral speed v.
  • the outer terminals of this control element are connected with a constant voltage source, while the voltage which is tapped off on this control element at a point intermediate of its ends is supplied to the wind ing of a relay.
  • the invention further provides a second variable electric control element for determining the actual number of revolutions n of the work spindle of the machine and for being directly controlled in proportion to such value.
  • Both outer terminals of this second control element are likewise connected to the mentioned constant voltage source so as to permit different voltages to be tapped off thereon.
  • the particular voltage thus tapped olf on this second control element is then supplied to the ends of the winding of a third variable electric control element.
  • the voltage which is then tapped off on this third control element is adjustable in proportion to the varying working diameter d, that is, in the case of a lathe or similar machine, in proportion to the actual distance of the cutting tool from the axis of rotation of the workpiece or, in the case of a winding machine or the like, in proportion with the distance of the feeler from the axis of rotation of the drum or other carrier on which the respective material is being wound.
  • This latter voltage is therefore proportional to the product of these two actual values, namely, the value It and the value d, and it is likewise supplied to the winding of the relay.
  • This relay controls the operation of the control motor of the infinitely variable driving gear so that the latter, by varying the number of revolutions n of the machine, will adjust and maintain a certain desired peripheral speed v at the particular point or position of the varying working diameter d.
  • the mentioned control elements for varying the voltages may consist either of potentiometers which serve as voltage dividers and are connected to a source of direct current, or of transformers which are connected to a source of alternating current and the ratio of transformation of each of which is variable.
  • a further variable resistance or equivalent element for adjusting the size of the constant voltage supplied to one of the control elements, that is, preferably to that element which is provided for setting up the desired peripheral speed v.
  • Such resistance accounts for the factor 11' of the above-mentioned equation and it permits the new control system to be adjusted either manually or automatically in accordance with any changes that might be made in the back-gear ratio of the machine or which might occur in the operating conditions of the machine, that is, particularly, When in a profiling lathe the profile angle is changed, or when in a turret lathe the turret head is swiveled to move a different tool requiring a different cutting speed into engagement with the workpiece.
  • Another feature of the present invention consists in providing at least one of the mentioned control elements with additional compensating elements which are adapted to influence the size of the voltages applied to the relay in accordance with or responsive to the size of the voltages tapped off on the control elements.
  • Such compensating elements will permit an influence upon the sensitivity of the control operation of the new system, and within certain limits they will also permit a continuous change of the cutting speed as once adjusted in accord ance with an increasing or decreasing working diameter since the voltages tapped off on the control elements will then be influenced by these compensating elements the more the smaller these voltages are.
  • the movement of the cross slide carrying the tool toward such axis results in a reduction of the working diameter, that is, of the diameter on the workpiece at which the cutting tool engages the same to carry out the work, while the further movement thereof in the same direction and beyond the rotary axis results in an increasing working diameter.
  • the pole changing switch is therefore required to operate at the instant when the cutting edge of the tool crosses the rotary axis. Such operation of the switch may preferably be effected automatically by the transverse movement of the cross slide itself.
  • the pole changing switch may be operated manually.
  • a turret lathe in which one of the cutting tools has to operate in front of the rotary axis and another tool behind such axis.
  • a further modification of the invention consists in the provision of means for making the speed of the control motor of the infinitely variable driving gear dependent upon the size or degree of the difference between the voltages tapped off on the control elements for the working diameter d and the peripheral speed v.
  • This is preferably done in such a manner that the speed of the control motor is made to increase in accordance with any increase in such differential voltage.
  • the control motor may then even be one of constant speed if it is provided with a variable gear, the transmission ratio of which may be controlled in accordance with the size of the mentioned differential voltage.
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic circuit diagram showing the underlying principle of the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows diagrammatically an apparatus according to the invention as applied to a lathe
  • FIG. 3 shows a modification of the circuit according to FIG. 1 with additional means for adjusting the control characteristic thereof;
  • FIG. 4 shows a further modification of control circuit
  • FIG. 5 shows a control system similar to that in FIG. 1, in which the potentiometers are replaced by variable transformers; while FIG. 6 shows an apparatus similar to that shown in FIG. 2, but as being applied to a winding machine.
  • the main control elements consist of three variable potentiometers P P and P for controlling the working diameter d, the peripheral speed v, and the number of revolutions n, respectively.
  • the tapping or wiper arm of potentiometer P may be adjusted manually in accordance with the desired cutting speed v, while the position of the wiper arm of potentiometer P is controlled by the movements of the element, the position of which is determined by the changing diameter of the work, for example, the position of the cross slide which changes in accordance with the position of the cutting tool relative to the rotary axis of the workpiece, or the feeler or feeler roll on a winding machine which ascertains the diameter of a material wound on a winding drum or other carrier.
  • the wiper arm of potentiometer P is adjusted by the speed regulating device of the infinitely variable driving gear which transmits the rotary power of the main motor to the machine.
  • the outer ends of potentiometers P and P are directly connected to the constant voltage U while a voltage U is tapped off potentiometer P and a voltage U off potentiometer P Potentiometer P is connected to the wiper of potentiometer P and is thus supplied with the voltage U
  • the voltage tapped off potentiometer P may be called U If we identify the adjusted value of potentiometer P by x, that of potentiometer P by y, and the value set on potentiometer P by z, and if the adjusted value of each potentiometer is the ratio of the resistance between the tapping point and the lower terminal of such potentiometer as compared with the total resistance thereof, the voltages U U and U will have the following relation to each other:
  • the wipers of potentiometers P and P are connected to the two ends of the winding of a relay R, the armature of which may assume three different positions, namely, a central inoperative position 0 and two operative positions 1 and 2.
  • the control motor of the infinitely variable driving gear not shown in FIG. 1, and of the type as shown, for example, at 13 in FIG. 2, will be connected so as to rotate in one or the other direction.
  • the three potentiometers P P and P form a modified Wheatstone bridge, one diagonal of which is connected to the supply voltage U while the other diagonal is connected to relay R.
  • Such circuit connection permits a control operation of an extremely high sensitivity and accuracy.
  • the condition U U means that means that the potential U representing the product of the actual values of'd and n (and of the factor 1r) corresponds to the potential U which represents the desired value v.
  • FIG. 2 shows the control system according to FIG, 1 as being applied to a lathe for automatically maintaining the cutting speed at a constant rate despite the change in diameter of the workpiece or the change in the position of the cutting tool relative to the axis of rotation of the workpiece.
  • the cross slide 1 of the lathe is mounted as usual on a slide carriage 2 and is moved transversely of the workpiece by a cross-feed spindle 3.
  • the rotation of spindle 3 is then transmitted by means of a nonslip gear drive 4, for example, a chain gear drive, to the tapping arm of potentiometer P
  • a nonslip gear drive 4 for example, a chain gear drive
  • the tapping arm of potentiometer P One end of this potentiometer is grounded and thus connected with the grounded terminal of a voltage source 6 having a constant voltage U,,, while the other end is connected with the wiper arm 7 of another potentiometer P one end of which is again grounded and thus connected to the grounded terminal of voltage source 6, while the other end is directly connected to the other terminal thereof.
  • the wiper arm 7 of potentiometer P is mechanically connected with the adjusting mechanism of an infinitely variable gear 15 of conventional design, for example, by means of a bevel gear drive 14.
  • the third potentiometer P with a wiper arm 8 is again grounded at one end, while its other end is connected with the adjustable wiper of a voltage divider or potentiometer 9 which is connected to both terminals of voltage source 6.
  • Wiper 8 of potentiometer P has a control knob 16 for adjusting the desired peripheral speed v, that is, in the case of a lathe, the cutting speed thereof.
  • Wipers 5 and 8 of potentiometers P and P are connected to the opposite ends of the winding of a polarized relay R.
  • Potentiometer 9 may for this purpose have several tap-ping points marked thereon between which the wiper thereof may be changed or be provided with several fixed or preset tapping points connected to suitable control means to adjust the resistance of the potentiometer to the respective gear ratio used in the lathe or to particular operating conditions thereof.
  • fixed or variable resistances or potentiometers may also be additionally connected to the potentiometers P and P and suitable means may be provided to connect such resistances automatically to one of the potentiometers, for example, When the back gears of the machine have to be changed from one gear stage to the other or when the tool head of a turret lathe is swiveled for the next operation on the workpiece.
  • a resistance of a size depending upon the inclined position of the cross slide of the lathe may be connected in front of one of the potentiometers P P or P or equivalent means may be provided to account for the change in the relation between the movement of the cross slide and the value of the working diameter d by the cosine a factor.
  • the circuit diagram as shown in FIG. 3 illustrates a compensating element 20, for example, a variable resistance having, for instance, a logarithmic or exponential characteristic, which may be adjusted simultaneously with the wiper of potentiometer P Resistance bridges the potentiometer P as well as relay R and therefore reduces 6 the influence of potentiometers P and P upon relay R in accordance with the setting of the infinitely variable driving gear.
  • a compensating element 20 for example, a variable resistance having, for instance, a logarithmic or exponential characteristic, which may be adjusted simultaneously with the wiper of potentiometer P Resistance bridges the potentiometer P as well as relay R and therefore reduces 6 the influence of potentiometers P and P upon relay R in accordance with the setting of the infinitely variable driving gear.
  • the sensitivity of the entire control system and thus the speed of adjustment thereof is therefore differently affected depending upon the respective gear reduction set up in the machine for a particular job, and may thus be adapted to the special requirements of the infinitely variable driving gear.
  • variable resistance 20 is connected to the wiper of potentiometer P the sensitivity of the adjustment and the period within which it is carried out depends directly upon the working diameter.
  • a further possibility of influencing the control action of the new system consists in the provision of a compensating element 21 in the form of a fixed resistance, as indicated in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates diagrammatically another modified circuit according to the invention in which the polarity of potentiometer P may be reversed relative to potentiometer P -by means of a double-throw switch 22. This will be necessary if without any change in the direction of movement of the cross slide, the cutting edge of the tool has to work first in front of and then behind the center of rotation of the lathe spindle or vice versa, since the working diameter or the position of the tool relative to the center of rotation of the work will then first decrease and then increase, or vice versa.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates diagrammatically a further modification of the invention in which the control voltages are produced by variable transformers, T T and T corresponding to the potentiometers P P and P respectively, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • the primary windings 25, 26, and 27 are provided on the stationary iron cores or stators 28, 29, and 30, respectively, while the secondary windings are provided on three cores 31, 32, and 33, respectively, of double-T shape which are rotatable about an angle of about 60 to
  • transformers may also be used in which both the primary and secondary windings are stationary but in which the core is made adjustable so that each pair of windings will thereby be coupled so as to be variable relative to each other.
  • the adjustable elements of the transformers by means of which the relation of the output voltage to the input voltage may be varied and controlled, may be adjusted in the same manner as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the input side of transformer T is connected with the output side of transformer T while the input side of the latter, as well as the input side of transformer T is connected to a constant source U of alternating current.
  • U constant source
  • transformers T and T are connected directly to the constant alternating current U while the primary winding of transformer T is energized through the secondary winding of transformer T
  • transformers T and T may also be exchanged for one another.
  • the required characteristic of transformation may be obtained by a suitable winding and a suitable construction of the pole shoes, as well as of the mechanical transmission elements.
  • the phase displacements arising at different armature positions may be taken into account by a suitable design of the transformers.
  • the secondary windings of transformers T and T are each connected With one winding of a differential relay R so that the secondary voltages of these two transformers act upon the relay armature in opposite directions to each other.
  • the two relay windings are balanced so that, when the actual speed corresponds to the intended peripheral speed, relay R will be in its central inoperative position. If the peripheral speed varies, the relation of the currents in the two relay windings will be changed, and the relay armature will close one of its contacts to operate the control motor 13 in the proper direction until the infinitely variable driving gear 15 has increased or decreased the speed of the lathe spindle so as to correspond to the desired peripheral speed.
  • the intermittent on-off control effected by relay R may also be replaced by a continuous control so that the period required for the adjustment of the infinitely variable driving gear will then depend upon the degree of the difference between the computed electrical values.
  • the speed of this motor may be made to increase in accordance with the differential value.
  • control mot-or and the infinitely variable driving gear
  • additional means for example, a control gear which itself is preferably infinitely variable and the control element of which is controlled by the differential value.
  • the control impulses for varying the control speed may also be supplied by several relay stages which are connected successively when the voltage difference increases.
  • FIG. 6 finally illustrates diagrammatically the application of the control system shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 to a winding machine in Which a web of material or continuous layers thereof are wound upon or unwound from a roller or drum and in which the speed of a motor M for driving drum 17 is adjusted by an infinitely variable driving gear 15 of any suitable type, for example, as indicated in FIG. 2, and in accordance with the change in the diameter of drum 17 caused by the Winding or un- Winding operation, so that the peripheral speed of drum 17 and thus also the speed of the web or material while being wound or unwound will always be constant. While in a lathe or similar machine as shown in FIG.
  • each of said control elements comprises a potentiometer serving as a voltage divider and having a movable wiper for tapping off a portion of the voltage supplied to the ends thereof.
  • each of said control elements comprises a transformer having a variable ratio of transformation to provide the tapped voltage.
  • Apparatus for regulating the peripheral speed of a rotary machine having a rotor mounted to turn about an axis and driven by a source of rotary power of constant speed through an infinitely variable change-speed mechanism comprising a part mounted on the machine for movement towards and from said axis, a servo-motor operatively connected to said change-speed mechanism for changing the setting thereof, voltage-responsive means operatively connected to said servo-motor to control the same, means to furnish to said voltage responsive means a first voltage of one direction constituting a reference voltage of a value corresponding to the desired peripheral speed, means operatively connected to said changespeed mechanism to furnish a second voltage variable in accordance with the setting of the change-speed mechanism, said second voltage being proportional to the actual number of revolutions of said rotor, and means operatively connected with said movable part to vary said second voltage in accordance with the position of said part, said second voltage, when so varied, having a value proportional to the product of said actual number of revolutions of said rotor times

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automatic Control Of Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
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US619054A 1952-04-29 1956-10-29 Adjustment and maintenance of constant peripheral speed of rotary machines Expired - Lifetime US3008071A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP7565A DE976103C (de) 1952-04-29 1952-04-29 Einrichtung zum Einstellen und Gleichhalten der an der Stelle des sich aendernden Arbeitsdurchmessers gemessenen Umfangsgeschwindigkeit an Maschinen mit drehender Arbeitsbewegung

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US3008071A true US3008071A (en) 1961-11-07

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US619054A Expired - Lifetime US3008071A (en) 1952-04-29 1956-10-29 Adjustment and maintenance of constant peripheral speed of rotary machines

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US (1) US3008071A (de)
BE (1) BE519576A (de)
DE (1) DE976103C (de)
FR (1) FR1080744A (de)
GB (1) GB749374A (de)

Cited By (7)

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US3118333A (en) * 1964-01-21 Chaff cutting process
US3203276A (en) * 1961-02-23 1965-08-31 Iii Edward P Bullard Variable speed transmission
US3269231A (en) * 1961-02-23 1966-08-30 Iii Edward P Bullard Control for variable speed transmission
US3630111A (en) * 1968-10-21 1971-12-28 Cci Aerospace Corp Machining assembly
US4213356A (en) * 1978-12-29 1980-07-22 Armitage Harry J Work cutting
US6182544B1 (en) * 1999-06-29 2001-02-06 Shih-Ho Chen Stepless cutter feeding mechanism for a lathe
CN112254924A (zh) * 2020-11-03 2021-01-22 长安大学 一种连续可调的风洞实验线性阻尼装置

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US3190156A (en) * 1960-07-20 1965-06-22 Warner Swasey Co Constant surface speed machine tool
GB1263687A (en) * 1969-08-22 1972-02-16 Gen Electric Machine tool control system
DE2817814C2 (de) * 1978-04-22 1986-06-19 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Elektrische Handbohrmaschine mit einer Drehzahlsteuerung oder -regelung
FR2482505A1 (fr) * 1980-05-14 1981-11-20 Clement Ets Rene Procede et machine pour l'usinage de disques, et notamment de disques de freins, ainsi que les disques obtenus par la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
WO1991013823A1 (en) * 1990-03-09 1991-09-19 Metool Products Pty. Ltd. Torque regulating system
CN116765531A (zh) * 2023-07-21 2023-09-19 金华好得科技有限公司 一种尺座攻丝加工的设备

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GB628556A (en) * 1945-07-13 1949-08-31 Fairchild Camera Instr Co High temperature elastic-fluid temperature-responsive system
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US798391A (en) * 1903-04-09 1905-08-29 Gen Electric Motor-driven machine-tool.
US1526371A (en) * 1922-10-26 1925-02-17 Western Electric Co Regulating device
US1709674A (en) * 1925-02-28 1929-04-16 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Speed indicator
US2512008A (en) * 1941-03-21 1950-06-20 Monarch Machine Tool Co Apparatus for operating lathes
US2350913A (en) * 1941-08-12 1944-06-06 John F Mercer Motor load control
US2489725A (en) * 1947-05-10 1949-11-29 Cleveland Automatic Machine Co Spindle speed control
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3118333A (en) * 1964-01-21 Chaff cutting process
US3203276A (en) * 1961-02-23 1965-08-31 Iii Edward P Bullard Variable speed transmission
US3269231A (en) * 1961-02-23 1966-08-30 Iii Edward P Bullard Control for variable speed transmission
US3630111A (en) * 1968-10-21 1971-12-28 Cci Aerospace Corp Machining assembly
US4213356A (en) * 1978-12-29 1980-07-22 Armitage Harry J Work cutting
US6182544B1 (en) * 1999-06-29 2001-02-06 Shih-Ho Chen Stepless cutter feeding mechanism for a lathe
CN112254924A (zh) * 2020-11-03 2021-01-22 长安大学 一种连续可调的风洞实验线性阻尼装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1080744A (fr) 1954-12-13
GB749374A (en) 1956-05-23
BE519576A (fr) 1953-05-15
DE976103C (de) 1963-02-28

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