US2942126A - Rotating anode X-ray tube - Google Patents

Rotating anode X-ray tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US2942126A
US2942126A US705176A US70517657A US2942126A US 2942126 A US2942126 A US 2942126A US 705176 A US705176 A US 705176A US 70517657 A US70517657 A US 70517657A US 2942126 A US2942126 A US 2942126A
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United States
Prior art keywords
ray tube
rotating anode
anode
area
tube
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US705176A
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English (en)
Inventor
Silbermann Karl
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Siemens Reiniger Werke AG
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Siemens Reiniger Werke AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/08—Electrical details
    • H05G1/66—Circuit arrangements for X-ray tubes with target movable relatively to the anode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/10—Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to X-ray tubes, and more specifically to an ⁇ Xray tube of the rotating anode type.
  • an image produced by an X-ray beam depends upon the optically effective area of the focus on the target and that this can be substantially improved by slightly inclining a s'malllineal bombardment area in relation to the central ray of the useful beam. If this angle of inclination is say 19, a rectangular bombardment area of which the side lengths are for instance in the proportions of 1:3 will appearforeshortened to a square when viewed in the direction of the central ray, thus reducing the apparent, optically effective, ,total area to one third its actual size without affecting the intensity of radiation.
  • the angle of inclinationof the, anode surface in relation to the central ray in a rotating anode tube is between 15 and 20.
  • angles will hereinafter be referred to ⁇ as anode face angles because they represent the angle formed by a generatrix of the cone-shaped anodeface and a plane normal to the axis of the anode plate.
  • a vface angle of 15 would therefore limit the availabl angular eld of the image to 30 and at the minimum practical exposure distance of 65 cms. between f ocus and screen this would theoretically produce an image size of roughly 34 x 34 cms.
  • this theoretical image size is not available because, onA the one hand, at very acute angles between emitted ray and anode surface the intensity of the beam falls rapidly and, on the other hand, slight superficial roughness'or irregularities on the surface of the plate after longer periods of operation cast shadows ⁇ on the image edge.
  • face angles under 15 in rotating anode X-ray tubes have therefore not been used because, for instance in sighting skiagraphs, the image area would frequentlyA be ⁇ insuiiiciently defined throughout an ⁇ imageof the required size.
  • face angles of 15 are not often encountered in rotating anode tubes; an angle of 17.5 to ⁇ ensure a uniform exposure throughout an image size of 40 x 40 cms. at a distance of 65 cms. being generally preferred.
  • the invention is based upon the thought that the limitation of the image size will cease to be material if a rotating anode tube is used with two separate concentric target tracks each with a different face angle, the
  • the invention therefore proposes, in a rotating anode X-ray tube ⁇ with two concentric target tracks ofY different face angles to make the targetA track having the smaller face angle at least as wide asl the target track havingthe larger face angle to equalize the loading capacities ofthe two tracks.
  • the target track is understood to he the entire annular edge portion on the anode plate struck by electrons in the course of one revolution of the anode plate, the width of Athe target track being equal to the length of the lineal bombardment area.
  • Loading capacity is understood to be the energy a single track can handle during ⁇ a ⁇ period of one tenth of a second, that is, in the course of a short exposure.
  • the X-ray tube as above described can be usefully employed for teleskiagraphs, that is, for taking skiagraphs at a major distance of the body from the X-ray tube, such as skiagraphs of the chest, of the whole of the body, and lateral views of the lumbar vertebrae, without appreciable distortion.
  • This ⁇ diagnostic technique calls ⁇ for a consid- ⁇ erable output of the X-ray tube.
  • the X-ray output of a rotating anode X-ray tube constructed according to the invention with two radially adjacent target tracks can be appreciably increased for highpower ⁇ teleskiagraphs -by providing control means which in addition to selectively bringing into oper-ation the one or the other target track permit both target tracks to be operated for the simultaneous emission of Xradiation, Since the two target tracks each have the saine loading capacity the maximum total output of the tube can be thus considerably increased and, in order of magnitude, approximately doubled. Hence the sum of the optimum permissible power outputs from each track, ⁇ say 35 kw.-l30 kw., ⁇ when loaded for IAO of a second, will be available for such a skiagraph.
  • Fig. 1 is an axial section through an anode plate according to the invention ⁇ for use in a rotating anode X- ray tube, two cooperating hot cathodes being likewise shown;
  • Fig. 2 is a fractional top plan view of the anode .plate shown in section in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a section through a modified plate with a stepped edge portion
  • Fig. 4 is a wiring diagram of the control circuits of an X-ray tube according to the invention for the selective operation of one or two electron beams.
  • two hot cathodes 2 and 3 are allotted to a'rotating anode plate 1, electron bombardment areas 4 and 5 extending along side upon the surface of the anode plate 1 corresponding to the cath odes 2 and 3, such areas in turn determining two concentric target tracks 6 and 7 shown in Fig. 2. ⁇
  • the side by side disposal of the two cathodes may be realized in simple manner by departing yfrom the more conventional platev diameter of' 90 mm. in favor of one of 100 mm., a change which'at the same time increases the available loading capacity of the plate.
  • the inside target track 6 forms an angle ofonly 9 with a radial plane 9 normal to the axis of revolution 8 of the rotating anode and, to provide an approximately similar loading capacity for a likewise square focal point, it is somewhat wider radial- 1yY than the outer target track whichxforms an angle of 17.5 with the radial plane.
  • the provision of .a target track of somewhat smaller face angle inside an outer target trackY has the advantage that the surface of this inner track will ⁇ be better protected from distortion than if it Were located on the edge.
  • a face angle of 17.5 appears to foreshorten a-rectangular bombardment area of which the side lengths are in the proportion of 123.3 to av square whenY viewed in theydirection of the centralray.
  • the relative proportion is 1:6.4. If the same length of edge isA provided Afor the optically leffective (square) focal points inthe case of both face angles, that is, if the rectangular lelectron impact areas are of identical width, the Ifocal p'oint at the face angle of 9 will give off twice the radiation in operatively effective radiation direction than the focal point of thelarger face angle, if being thereby assumed that the areas of the electron impact surfaces, which are in proportion of about 2:1 are bombarded ywith identical electron density.
  • the twofocal points allotted thereto will radiate with identical intensity, but the optically eifective focal point of the face angle of 9 will be only ha-lf as large, that is, itsA illumination density will be twice as great as that of the focal point of the face angle ofk 17l/ Y(the lengths of edge being in a proportion of 1/2 ⁇ /2:1).-
  • the focal point of the smaller face angle therefore will produce considerably greater reproduction sharpnessthan the focal point of the larger. face angle.
  • An X-ray tube according tov the invention is especially suited for taking series of general skiagraphs with X-ray apparatus equipped with sighting gear, giving -a satisfactory overall exposure of ar'large size plate-at short range, by using the Youter target track, andalso for taking detail skiagraphs ofl much ner definition and a full overall exposure of even the normal 13 x 18 cms. plate, by using theinner target track.
  • a tube according to the invention by means Aof which general and detail skiagraphs are taken with the aid of different target tracks, is superior to known types of tube with a singletarget track in that it has a longer life, sincewthe deterioration of an X-ray tube is due to the gradual roughening of the surface of the' track landY the progressive vaporization of the hot cathode filament.
  • Fig. 3V shows a plate in ,section with a stepped edge portion forming an inner electron bombardment area 11 and' an outer Selectron bombardmentarea 12.
  • the stepped edge portionA is so disposed that the radiation emitted by theinner elec-4 tron bombardment area 11 will not be intercepted by the sunken plate edge associated with the, bombardment'area '12. This plate therefore permits the outer target track to have the smaller faceang'le.
  • the plate shown in Fig. 3 isnot quite as simple to produce as' that according to Fig.
  • Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram for the operation of an X-ray tube of the kind exemplified by Figs. l and 2. .
  • the hotcathodes 2 and 3 are connected by leads 13, 14, 15 with the secondaries of two heating transformersi and 17.
  • An on-oif switch 18 and a target selector switch 19 permiteeither one or b oth the transformers .16 and 17 to be ,connected with a current source 20.
  • theselector switch 19 has three positions, in which a contact 22 provided on a switch arm 21 is in engagement either with one of two contact points 23 and 24 or lestablishes electricalcommunication between two insulatedad; jacent cooperating contacts 25 and 2,6. y
  • the heating current is controlled, separately-for each of the cathodes 2 and 3, by regulating resistors 27 and 28. ⁇ Variable resistors 29 to V312Vserve to adjust the control voltages to the emission characteristics of the; two
  • the switch 19 and two switches $3 and 34 which ⁇ are coupled with the switchr19, are arranged to select dilferent tappings on resistors 29l to 32 for the simultaneous or the separate operation of the cathodes.
  • the current passing through the tube may bc adjusted with reference to an indicator scale 35.
  • the values of the resistors 29 to 32 are for this purpose so determined that the same currents for each of the cathodes will be associated with the same division on the scale.
  • the two regulating resistere for given control characteristics of the two resistors 27 and 23, can produce exact equality at two operational settings only. However, when exact equality at two operational settings has been achieved, the intervening values will be sufficiently well matched for practical operation.
  • X-ray tube of the rotating anode type comprising an integral anode plate having a contiguous unitary body mounted upon a rotatable stem, two electronemitting cathodes spaced from said anode plate, and two concentric annular target tracks of different face angles formed on said anode plate the concentric annular target track having the smaller face angle being at an angle of not more than 10 with a radial plane normal to the axis of revolution of the rotating anode and the other concentric annular target track being at an angle of not less than 17.5 and not more than 20 with said radial plane whereby the focal spot on the smaller face angle annular target track projects as the smaller focal spot in a direction parallel to the primary X-ray beam so that it is a fine focus X-ray source and the other focal spot functions as a relatively broad focus X-ray source, the annular target track having the smaller face angle being wider than that having the greater face angle.
  • a structure according to claim 6, comprising adjusting means for loading both said target tracks so that the radiation intensities from both tracks will be equal.

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  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
US705176A 1957-10-12 1957-12-26 Rotating anode X-ray tube Expired - Lifetime US2942126A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DES53765A DE1062827B (de) 1957-10-12 1957-10-12 Drehanoden-Roentgenroehre
DE121057X 1957-10-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2942126A true US2942126A (en) 1960-06-21

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US (1) US2942126A (de)
CH (1) CH356542A (de)
DE (1) DE1062827B (de)
FR (1) FR1190456A (de)
GB (1) GB821305A (de)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3591821A (en) * 1967-04-19 1971-07-06 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Rotary anode type x-ray generator having emitting elements which are variably spaced from the central axis of cathode
US3610984A (en) * 1967-12-28 1971-10-05 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Rotating-anode x-ray tube with multiple focal areas
US3851204A (en) * 1973-03-02 1974-11-26 Gen Electric Rotatable anode for x-ray tubes
US3857039A (en) * 1972-01-05 1974-12-24 Siemens Ag X-ray device
US4017757A (en) * 1976-01-02 1977-04-12 The Machlett Laboratories, Incorporated Multi-target X-ray tube
DE3001118A1 (de) * 1980-01-14 1981-07-16 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Roentgendiagnostikgenerator fuer eine roentgenroehre mit mehreren brennflecken
US4287420A (en) * 1978-11-02 1981-09-01 Toshiba Corporation Stereoscopic X-ray device
EP0074596A1 (de) * 1981-09-16 1983-03-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Röntgenuntersuchungsgerät
US4599741A (en) * 1983-11-04 1986-07-08 USC--Dept. of Materials Science System for local X-ray excitation by monochromatic X-rays
US4622687A (en) * 1981-04-02 1986-11-11 Arthur H. Iversen Liquid cooled anode x-ray tubes
US5511105A (en) * 1993-07-12 1996-04-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft X-ray tube with multiple differently sized focal spots and method for operating same
WO1999050882A1 (en) * 1998-03-27 1999-10-07 Thermal Corp. Multiple wavelength x-ray tube
US6487274B2 (en) * 2001-01-29 2002-11-26 Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. X-ray target assembly and radiation therapy systems and methods
US20050100132A1 (en) * 2003-11-07 2005-05-12 Block Wayne F. Multiple target anode assembly and system of operation
US20050123097A1 (en) * 2002-04-08 2005-06-09 Nanodynamics, Inc. High quantum energy efficiency X-ray tube and targets
US20060239409A1 (en) * 2003-07-30 2006-10-26 Simha Levene Shaped anode x-ray tube
WO2010070574A1 (en) 2008-12-17 2010-06-24 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Attachment of a high-z focal track layer to a carbon-carbon composite substrate serving as a rotary anode target
DE102009035439A1 (de) * 2009-07-31 2010-08-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Röntgen-CT-System zur tomographischen Darstellung eines Untersuchungsobjektes, aufweisend eine Röntgenröhre zur Erzeugung von Röntgenstrahlung
US20120326031A1 (en) * 2011-05-02 2012-12-27 Uwe Wiedmann Method and device for applying dual energy imaging

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010018502A1 (en) * 2008-08-14 2010-02-18 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh Multi-segment anode target for an x-ray tube of the rotary anode type with each anode disk segment having its own anode inclination angle with respect to a plane normal to the rotational axis of the rotary anode and x-ray tube comprising a rotary anode with such a multi-segment anode target

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE594434C (de) * 1931-12-04 1934-04-10 Siemens Reiniger Werke Akt Ges Roentgenroehre
DE618988C (de) * 1934-01-04 1935-09-20 C H F Mueller Akt Ges Roentgenroehre mit waehrend des Betriebes umlaufender Anode
US2121631A (en) * 1936-05-11 1938-06-21 Gen Electric X Ray Corp X-ray tube
US2215426A (en) * 1939-04-07 1940-09-17 Machlett Lab Inc X-ray tube
FR877157A (fr) * 1940-11-26 1942-11-30 C H F Müller Ag Perfectionnements apportés aux tubes à rayons chi à anode rotative
DE875975C (de) * 1941-08-01 1953-05-07 Koch & Sterzel Ag Roentgenroehre fuer die Herstellung von Stereoaufnahmen oder fuer die Vornahme von Durchleuchtungen mit stereoskopischem Effekt
US2764706A (en) * 1952-12-26 1956-09-25 Dunlee Corp Hooded anode x-ray tube with tilted target
US2767341A (en) * 1952-08-12 1956-10-16 Dunlee Corp Anode structure for double filament x-ray tube
US2836757A (en) * 1957-02-11 1958-05-27 Dunlee Corp X-ray generator target construction

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE956708C (de) * 1954-09-30 1957-01-24 Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag Drehanodenteller fuer eine Drehanoden-Roentgenroehre

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE594434C (de) * 1931-12-04 1934-04-10 Siemens Reiniger Werke Akt Ges Roentgenroehre
DE618988C (de) * 1934-01-04 1935-09-20 C H F Mueller Akt Ges Roentgenroehre mit waehrend des Betriebes umlaufender Anode
US2121631A (en) * 1936-05-11 1938-06-21 Gen Electric X Ray Corp X-ray tube
US2215426A (en) * 1939-04-07 1940-09-17 Machlett Lab Inc X-ray tube
FR877157A (fr) * 1940-11-26 1942-11-30 C H F Müller Ag Perfectionnements apportés aux tubes à rayons chi à anode rotative
DE875975C (de) * 1941-08-01 1953-05-07 Koch & Sterzel Ag Roentgenroehre fuer die Herstellung von Stereoaufnahmen oder fuer die Vornahme von Durchleuchtungen mit stereoskopischem Effekt
US2767341A (en) * 1952-08-12 1956-10-16 Dunlee Corp Anode structure for double filament x-ray tube
US2764706A (en) * 1952-12-26 1956-09-25 Dunlee Corp Hooded anode x-ray tube with tilted target
US2836757A (en) * 1957-02-11 1958-05-27 Dunlee Corp X-ray generator target construction

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3591821A (en) * 1967-04-19 1971-07-06 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Rotary anode type x-ray generator having emitting elements which are variably spaced from the central axis of cathode
US3610984A (en) * 1967-12-28 1971-10-05 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Rotating-anode x-ray tube with multiple focal areas
US3857039A (en) * 1972-01-05 1974-12-24 Siemens Ag X-ray device
US3851204A (en) * 1973-03-02 1974-11-26 Gen Electric Rotatable anode for x-ray tubes
US4017757A (en) * 1976-01-02 1977-04-12 The Machlett Laboratories, Incorporated Multi-target X-ray tube
US4287420A (en) * 1978-11-02 1981-09-01 Toshiba Corporation Stereoscopic X-ray device
DE3001118A1 (de) * 1980-01-14 1981-07-16 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Roentgendiagnostikgenerator fuer eine roentgenroehre mit mehreren brennflecken
US4622687A (en) * 1981-04-02 1986-11-11 Arthur H. Iversen Liquid cooled anode x-ray tubes
EP0074596A1 (de) * 1981-09-16 1983-03-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Röntgenuntersuchungsgerät
US4464778A (en) * 1981-09-16 1984-08-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft X-ray examination means
US4599741A (en) * 1983-11-04 1986-07-08 USC--Dept. of Materials Science System for local X-ray excitation by monochromatic X-rays
US5511105A (en) * 1993-07-12 1996-04-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft X-ray tube with multiple differently sized focal spots and method for operating same
WO1999050882A1 (en) * 1998-03-27 1999-10-07 Thermal Corp. Multiple wavelength x-ray tube
US6487274B2 (en) * 2001-01-29 2002-11-26 Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. X-ray target assembly and radiation therapy systems and methods
US20050123097A1 (en) * 2002-04-08 2005-06-09 Nanodynamics, Inc. High quantum energy efficiency X-ray tube and targets
US7180981B2 (en) 2002-04-08 2007-02-20 Nanodynamics-88, Inc. High quantum energy efficiency X-ray tube and targets
US7224771B2 (en) * 2003-07-30 2007-05-29 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Shaped anode x-ray tube
CN1930651B (zh) * 2003-07-30 2010-06-23 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 整形的阳极x射线管
US20060239409A1 (en) * 2003-07-30 2006-10-26 Simha Levene Shaped anode x-ray tube
US7065179B2 (en) * 2003-11-07 2006-06-20 General Electric Company Multiple target anode assembly and system of operation
US20050100132A1 (en) * 2003-11-07 2005-05-12 Block Wayne F. Multiple target anode assembly and system of operation
WO2010070574A1 (en) 2008-12-17 2010-06-24 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Attachment of a high-z focal track layer to a carbon-carbon composite substrate serving as a rotary anode target
US8553843B2 (en) 2008-12-17 2013-10-08 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Attachment of a high-Z focal track layer to a carbon-carbon composite substrate serving as a rotary anode target
DE102009035439A1 (de) * 2009-07-31 2010-08-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Röntgen-CT-System zur tomographischen Darstellung eines Untersuchungsobjektes, aufweisend eine Röntgenröhre zur Erzeugung von Röntgenstrahlung
US20120326031A1 (en) * 2011-05-02 2012-12-27 Uwe Wiedmann Method and device for applying dual energy imaging
US9198629B2 (en) * 2011-05-02 2015-12-01 General Electric Company Dual energy imaging with beam blocking during energy transition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH356542A (de) 1961-08-31
DE1062827B (de) 1959-08-06
GB821305A (en) 1959-10-07
FR1190456A (fr) 1959-10-13

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