US2857316A - Enzymatic unhairing and dewooling process - Google Patents

Enzymatic unhairing and dewooling process Download PDF

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Publication number
US2857316A
US2857316A US533227A US53322755A US2857316A US 2857316 A US2857316 A US 2857316A US 533227 A US533227 A US 533227A US 53322755 A US53322755 A US 53322755A US 2857316 A US2857316 A US 2857316A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
unhairing
hides
hide
skins
enzyme
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US533227A
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English (en)
Inventor
Grimm Otto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Roehm GmbH Darmstadt
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Roehm and Haas GmbH
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Filing date
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Application filed by Roehm and Haas GmbH filed Critical Roehm and Haas GmbH
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Publication of US2857316A publication Critical patent/US2857316A/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
    • C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
    • C14C1/06—Facilitating unhairing, e.g. by painting, by liming
    • C14C1/065—Enzymatic unhairing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a or dewooling skins and hides.
  • the practice of employing enzymes in aqueous solution was based on an assumption that the liming or hair loosening process is a biochemical phenomenon which can take place only in solution and on the fact that the enzymes available on the market for depilation are, probably without exception, mixed with a carrier substance, usually kaolin, and adsorptively bound thereto.
  • the concentration of enzyme in the commercial products is small, being usually only about 1% by weight. This low concentration of biochemically active materials in carrier substances which play no part in the liming or depilation process is justified because it facilitates establishing the desired concentration of enzyme in the treating liquor.
  • the enzymes are extensively protected from the action of moisture and thus stabilized when they are mixed with materials such as kaolin.
  • the treatment in accordance with this invention has the advantage of being eifective at ambient temperatures of the order of 18 to 20 C. Enzyme-containing baths are relatively ineffective at such temperatures.
  • a further important advantage of the method of the invention is the ability to use presently available commercial products containing enzymes in small but effective concentrations of the order of about 1%.
  • the enzymes that are highly effective in the method of the invention include the afore-mentioned commercial products containing proteolytic enzymes obtained with the aid of molds and bacteria and also pancreatic enzymes.
  • the mold tryptases, and particularly those formed by Aspergillus strains have proven to be extremely effective and are, therefore, preferred.
  • Bacterial proteases are next in the order of effectiveness and preference. If they are used in place of mold tryptases, it is generally necessary to employ a greater amount of enzyme or else to allow the enzyme to act for a longer period of time.
  • Pancreatic enzymes e. g., pancreas tryptase, are also suitable but somewhat less effective.
  • powdered mold tryptase products in amounts ranging between about 100 and about 140 grams per square meter of hide insures uniformly satisfactory results.
  • the application thereto of approximately to grams of the powdered enzyme is most effective.
  • the enzymes can be used alone or together with activating agents such as reductive sulfur compounds, nitrates and nitrites.
  • activating agents such as reductive sulfur compounds, nitrates and nitrites.
  • Ammonium salts and preservatives may also be used with advantage. It is to be emphasized, however, that entirely satisfactory results are obtainable without the addition of any special activatin agents and that this is true particularly of the treatment of raw hides, e. g., green sheepskins, which have heretofore been difficult to treat euzymaticaily.
  • the unhaired or dewooled skins obtained in accordance with the method of the invention may be aftertreated in the customary manner in an alkaline swelling liquor or with caustic alkali. After-treatment with caustic alkali results in particularly clean depilated hides and in uniformly dyeable leathers.
  • Example 1 Salted calfskins were first soaked in water and then sprinkled on the flesh side with a powdered product of Aspergillus flavus containing 10% sodium bisulfite and ammonium sulfate. The skins were unhaired. after 14 to 18 hours, rinsed and then after-treated with a fulling bath containing lime and sodium sulfide.
  • Example 3 Salted sheepskins were soaked in water in the customary manner. A powdered mixture of mold tryptaste and mold-manufactured carbohydrase was then sprinkled on the flesh side of the skins. After three hours storage the skins so treated were immersed in water for an addi-- tional twelve hours, after which dewooling was easily accomplished.
  • Example 4 Dried goatskins were enzymatically soaked with the aid of mold tryptase and then sprinkled on the flesh side with a powdered mixture of mold tryptase containing 5% sodium sulfite and 5% ammonium sulfate. After lying overnight, the treated skins were readily unhaired.
  • Example 5 Dried sheepskins were soaked with bacterial protease and carbohydrase and in the presence of sodium bisulfite and ammonium sulfate. The flesh sides were thereupon sprinkledwith a powdered mixture of mold tryptase and sodium bisulfite. After storage overnight, the treated skins were readily dewooled.
  • Example 6 Salted calfskins were soaked in water. One portion was then sprinkled on the flesh side with pancreatic tryptase. Another portion was tumbled for about one hour with 2 to 3% by weight, based on the weight of the soaked skins, of the same powdered tryptase without ad- 4 dition of water. After an additional incubation period of 16 to 18 hours, both portions of the treated skins were readily unhaired.
  • a method of unhairing skins and hides which comprises applying proteolytic enzyme, in powder form, to a hide, permitting enzymatic action to take place at ambient temperature without imersion in water, and thereafter unhairing the treated hide.
  • a method of unhairing dried and salted hides which comprises presoaking the hides, applying thereto proteolytic enzyme in powder form, permitting enzymatic action to take place at ambient temperature without further immersion in water, and thereafter unhairing the treated hide.
  • a method of unhairing skins and hides which comprises applying mold tryptase, in powder form, to the flesh side of a hide, permitting enzymatic action to take place at ambient temperature without immersion in water, and thereafter unhairing the treated hide.
  • a method of unhairing skins and hides which comprises applying bacterial protease, in powder form, to the flesh side of a hide, permiting enzymatic action to take place at ambient temperature without immersion in water, and thereafter unhairing the treated hide.
  • a method of unhairing skins and hides which comprises applying pancreas tryptase, in powder form, to the flesh side of a hide, permitting enzymatic action to take place at ambient temperature without immersion in water, and thereafter unhairing the treated hide.
  • a method of unhairing skins and hides which comprises applying proteolytic enzyme and carbohydrase, in powder form, to the flesh side of a hide, permitting enzymatic action to take place at ambient temperature without immersion in water, and thereafter unhairing the treated hide.
  • a method of unhairing skins and hides which comprises presoaking the hides, applying thereto proteolytic enzyme in powder form, tumbling the hides at ambient temperature for permitting the enzyme to penetrate the hide without additional soaking, and thereafter unhairing the treated hide.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Seeds, Soups, And Other Foods (AREA)
US533227A 1955-03-30 1955-09-08 Enzymatic unhairing and dewooling process Expired - Lifetime US2857316A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DER16343A DE1026038B (de) 1955-03-30 1955-03-30 Enthaaren und Entwollen gruener oder geweichter Felle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2857316A true US2857316A (en) 1958-10-21

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ID=7399716

Family Applications (1)

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US533227A Expired - Lifetime US2857316A (en) 1955-03-30 1955-09-08 Enzymatic unhairing and dewooling process

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2857316A (d)
BE (1) BE538087A (d)
DE (1) DE1026038B (d)
NL (1) NL93906C (d)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3076749A (en) * 1959-06-24 1963-02-05 Roehm & Haas Gmbh Method of unhairing skins and hides
US3096253A (en) * 1957-11-25 1963-07-02 Ethicon Inc Enzyme production
US3103469A (en) * 1963-09-10 Method of unhajbing skins
US3133002A (en) * 1961-08-08 1964-05-12 Roehm & Haas Gmbh Treatment of hides
US3256157A (en) * 1959-02-20 1966-06-14 Astra Pharma Prod Agents having a fibrinolytic activity and being derived from molds and a process of making and using same

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1125307A (fr) 1955-03-30 1956-10-29 Roehm & Haas Gmbh Procédé enzymatique de délainage et de débourrage
DE1211349B (de) 1959-03-26 1966-02-24 Roehm & Haas Gmbh Enzymatische Enthaarung mit Pankreastryptase
DE1230169B (de) 1962-04-06 1966-12-08 Roehm & Haas Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung gerbfertiger Bloessen
DE1288728B (de) * 1963-07-27 1969-02-06 Roehm & Haas Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung gerbfertiger Bloessen
DE3429047A1 (de) * 1984-08-07 1986-02-20 Röhm GmbH, 6100 Darmstadt Enzymatisches enthaarungsverfahren
DE3704465C2 (de) * 1987-02-13 1995-11-02 Roehm Gmbh Flüssig-Formulierungen von Enzymen

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1936074A (en) * 1930-07-30 1933-11-21 Frosted Foods Co Inc Preparation of food products
US2157969A (en) * 1936-02-08 1939-05-09 Rohm Otto Method for producing hides with the aid of mold tryptases
US2169148A (en) * 1938-06-01 1939-08-08 American Cyanamid & Chem Corp Unhairing of hides and skins
US2215055A (en) * 1938-10-08 1940-09-17 Rohm Otto Method for preparing hides using mold tryptases, and a neutral to weakly acid reaction

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1056461A (d) * 1954-02-26
US1590388A (en) * 1921-11-12 1926-06-29 Lepetit Roberto Manufacture of dry products from pancreas
GB351600A (en) * 1930-04-04 1931-07-02 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Improvements in the culture of micro-organisms intended for unhairing purposes
DE767074C (de) * 1935-08-14 1951-10-29 Ernst Arnold Dipl Ing Verfahren zum Konservieren von Rohhaeuten, Fellen und Hautbloessen
DE676991C (de) * 1938-02-22 1939-11-10 Zschimmer & Schwarz Chem Fab D Verfahren zum Enthaaren tierischer Haeute und Felle

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1936074A (en) * 1930-07-30 1933-11-21 Frosted Foods Co Inc Preparation of food products
US2157969A (en) * 1936-02-08 1939-05-09 Rohm Otto Method for producing hides with the aid of mold tryptases
US2169148A (en) * 1938-06-01 1939-08-08 American Cyanamid & Chem Corp Unhairing of hides and skins
US2215055A (en) * 1938-10-08 1940-09-17 Rohm Otto Method for preparing hides using mold tryptases, and a neutral to weakly acid reaction

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3103469A (en) * 1963-09-10 Method of unhajbing skins
US3096253A (en) * 1957-11-25 1963-07-02 Ethicon Inc Enzyme production
US3256157A (en) * 1959-02-20 1966-06-14 Astra Pharma Prod Agents having a fibrinolytic activity and being derived from molds and a process of making and using same
US3076749A (en) * 1959-06-24 1963-02-05 Roehm & Haas Gmbh Method of unhairing skins and hides
US3133002A (en) * 1961-08-08 1964-05-12 Roehm & Haas Gmbh Treatment of hides

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE538087A (d) 1959-07-03
DE1026038B (de) 1958-03-13
NL93906C (nl) 1960-04-19

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