US2700608A - Process for degumming vegetable textile fibers - Google Patents

Process for degumming vegetable textile fibers Download PDF

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Publication number
US2700608A
US2700608A US262908A US26290851A US2700608A US 2700608 A US2700608 A US 2700608A US 262908 A US262908 A US 262908A US 26290851 A US26290851 A US 26290851A US 2700608 A US2700608 A US 2700608A
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Prior art keywords
acid
fibres
rinsing
solution containing
water
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Expired - Lifetime
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US262908A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lourd Jacques Lucien Jean
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D'EXPLOITATION DES PROCEDES LOURD Ste
PROCEDES LOURD SOC D EXPL DES
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PROCEDES LOURD SOC D EXPL DES
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01C—CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FILAMENTARY OR FIBROUS MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FILAMENTS OR FIBRES FOR SPINNING; CARBONISING RAGS TO RECOVER ANIMAL FIBRES
    • D01C1/00—Treatment of vegetable material
    • D01C1/02—Treatment of vegetable material by chemical methods to obtain bast fibres

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for degumming vegetable textile fibres such as are obtained after chemical retting of lengths of vegetable textiles.
  • lengths of vegetable textiles are meant the vegetable textile materials (ramie, flax, hemp, urena, ambary, jute, etc.) the crude stalks of which have previously been sub jected to green soutching, that is to say to a treatment by which the greater part which the fibres are coated has been removed.
  • the process according to the invention is based on the following considerations. After chemical retting, and notwithstanding the rinsing operations there remain on the surface of the fibres, forming a sheath-like coating thereon, pectic materials and hemicelluloses swelled by water in the state of a colloidal sol, which causes income plete degradation of the incrusting substances due to the retting. The successive rinsings with water are ineffective in removing this coating by reason of the high viscosity of the colloidal sol and the in'solubility of the hemicelluloses in Water.
  • the fibres appear to be highly divided in the rinsing solutions, the sol by which they are coated re-agglomerates on drying and sticks the fibres together again, whereby the gumming phenomenon is produced.
  • the interface tension between the solvent phase, i. e. the rinsing water, and the colloidal phase formed of pectic substances and hemicelluloses agglomerating on drying plays a great part in this phenomenon since, according to whether its value is higher on the surface of the sol or penetrates it intimately.
  • This principle forms the basis of the process according to the invention, which concerns the de-gumming of vegetable textile fibres (ramie, fiax, hemp, urena, ambary, jute or the like), such as are obtained after chemical retting of vegetable fibres which are still coated with a of the ligneous substance by of the fibres, which is well divided i or lower, the water trickles sheath of pectic substances and hemicelluloses in the form of colloids which produce the gumming of the fibres.
  • vegetable textile fibres ramie, fiax, hemp, urena, ambary, jute or the like
  • the said process is distinguished in particular by the fact that it consists in subjecting the said fibres to a first treatment with water containing a surface-active agent with active ions so as to reduce the face tension between the aqueous phase and the colloidal phase, then to a second treatment by an aqueous solution .of acid so as to fiocculate and precipitate the said colloids, and finally in subjecting the fibres to a rinsing with water.
  • the chemical agent employed in the second treatment can reach the very interior of the colloidal substance by which the fibres are coated and exert the maximum action on all the micellae of the colloids, and thus flocculate and precipitate them.
  • Surface-active substances suitable for the first treatment include any agents with active ions and endowed with surface activity, and it is thus possible to employ sulphated oils (copra oil, castor oil, linseed oil or the like), the sulpho-ricinoleates, the sulphonated fatty acids, whether esterified or not by alcohols, sulphonated fatty alcohol, aryl-alkyl-sulphonates, the hydroxy ethyl-amides of palm nut oil, sulphonated lauryl alcohol or the like.
  • sulphated oils copra oil, castor oil, linseed oil or the like
  • the sulpho-ricinoleates the sulphonated fatty acids, whether esterified or not by alcohols, sulphonated fatty alcohol, aryl-alkyl-sulphonates, the hydroxy ethyl-amides of palm nut oil, sulphonated lauryl alcohol or the like.
  • the concentration of the surface-active substance may vary between 0.001% and 1% and his preferably in the neighborhood of 0.5%.
  • the acid employed for the second treatment performs, in fact, a double function in that, as an electrolyte it flocculates the colloid and, as an acid, it precipitates the constituents of the colloid, more especially the pectic substances.
  • Any mineral or organic acid is suitable for this second treatment.
  • sulphuric acid hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, or the like.
  • the concentration of the acid may vary between 0.2% and 2% and it is weaker in proportion as the dissociation constant of the acid is higher.
  • concentration in the neighborhood of 0.2% will be satisfactory, while for acetic acid it is preferable to employ stronger concentrations, preferably of the order 0.5% to 1%.
  • the process according to the invention is carried out in a simple manner by immersing the fibres in baths containing the aforesaid active constituents.
  • the treatment may be effected in two successive baths, the first containing the surface-active agent and the second containing the acid, in which baths the fibres are successively immersed without intermediate rinsing, or in a single bath containing both the acid and the surfaceactive agent if it is relatively stable in acid medium.
  • the temperature of the bath or baths is the ambient temperature and the duration of the passage through each bath or through the single bath varies between about 5 and 30 minutes.
  • Example 1 Fibres of retted flax are de-gummed by passing them successively through two baths of the following composition, the percentages being calculated on the weight of water in the bath.
  • the fibres are then rinsed with water and do not re-agglomerate when dry.
  • Example 2 The fibres of retted flax can be treated in a single bath of the following composition, the surface-active agent employed, i. e. sulphoricinoleic acid, being stable in acid medium.
  • the surface-active agent employed i. e. sulphoricinoleic acid
  • Example 4 lt-Libres of retted jute are treated in the following single ba Water.
  • aqueous solution containing 0.001% to 1.0% of a wetting agent selected from the group consisting of sulphoricinoleic acid, lauryl sulphuric acid and ethyl-pyridinium bromide and an acid solution containing 0.2% to 2.0% of an acid selected from the group consisting of sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid, and in which said wetting agent is stable, and then rinsing and drying said fibres.
  • a wetting agent selected from the group consisting of sulphoricinoleic acid, lauryl sulphuric acid and ethyl-pyridinium bromide
  • an acid solution containing 0.2% to 2.0% of an acid selected from the group consisting of sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid
  • a process for degumming vegetable textile fibres to make the latter suitable for spinning and weaving after they have been subjected to chemical retting comprising the steps of subjecting the fibres, for a period of 10 minutes and at a temperature of 15 C., to the simultaneous action of an aqueous solution containing 0.5% of sulphoricinoleic acid and an acid solution containing 252% of sulphuric acid, and then rinsing and drying said res.
  • a process for degumming vegetable textile fibres to make the latter suitable for spinning and weaving after they have been subjected to chemical retting comprising the steps of subjecting the fibres, for a period of 20 minutes and at a temperature of 20 C., to the simultaneous action of an aqueous solution containing 0.3% of lauryl sulphuric acid and an acid solution containing 0.5% of hydrochloric acid, and then rinsing and drying said fibres.
  • a process for degumming vegetable textile fibres to make the latter suitable for spinning and weaving after they have been subjected to chemical retting comprising the steps of subjecting the fibres, for a period of 15 minutes and at a temperature of 20 C., to the simultaneous action of an aqueous solution containing 0.1% of ethylpyridinium bromide and an acid solution containing g% of sulphuric acid, and then rinsing and drying said res.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
US262908A 1950-12-27 1951-12-21 Process for degumming vegetable textile fibers Expired - Lifetime US2700608A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR703666X 1950-12-27

Publications (1)

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US2700608A true US2700608A (en) 1955-01-25

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ID=9062567

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US262908A Expired - Lifetime US2700608A (en) 1950-12-27 1951-12-21 Process for degumming vegetable textile fibers
US262907A Expired - Lifetime US2725289A (en) 1950-12-27 1951-12-21 Process for the chemical retting of lengths of vegetable textiles

Family Applications After (1)

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US262907A Expired - Lifetime US2725289A (en) 1950-12-27 1951-12-21 Process for the chemical retting of lengths of vegetable textiles

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (2) US2700608A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (2) BE503738A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE875703C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (2) FR1030188A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (2) GB713342A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
LU (2) LU31165A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (2) NL77793C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100261807A1 (en) * 2007-06-01 2010-10-14 Christiane Laine Novel dispersions and method for the production thereof

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3448004A (en) * 1966-06-27 1969-06-03 Buckman Labor Inc Preparation of chemical pulp from wood chips
US4481355A (en) * 1983-11-22 1984-11-06 Helmic, Inc. Method for degumming decorticated plant bast fiber
US4617383A (en) * 1983-11-22 1986-10-14 Helmic, Inc. Method for degumming and bleaching decorticated plant bast fiber
FR2774020B1 (fr) † 1998-01-29 2000-03-10 Reydel Sa Article a base de fibres vegetales utile pour la fabrication de pieces de vehicules routiers
CN109735901B (zh) * 2018-12-03 2020-04-17 东华大学 一种用原麻经有机溶剂脱胶制备纺织用纤维的方法
US11255045B2 (en) * 2019-08-31 2022-02-22 Circular Systems, S.P.C. Process for refining fiber and deriving chemical co-products from biomass

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1739683A (en) * 1927-12-08 1929-12-17 Vickers Ltd Treatment of fibrous vegetable materials
US1787880A (en) * 1929-01-26 1931-01-06 Ullmann Gustav Bucking process for vegetable fibrous material
US1866917A (en) * 1929-03-16 1932-07-12 Hanson & Orth Manufacture of cellulose material from hemp fibers
US1991335A (en) * 1930-01-24 1935-02-12 Twitchell Process Company Process of treating vegetable fibers
US2128928A (en) * 1932-06-29 1938-09-06 Weston Allen J Art of fiber liberation
US2181785A (en) * 1937-09-16 1939-11-28 Maui Agricultural Company Ltd Process of liberating cellulose from bagasse
US2253242A (en) * 1939-03-28 1941-08-19 Mathieson Alkall Works Inc Desizing textiles with chlorite
US2253368A (en) * 1938-12-24 1941-08-19 Mathieson Alkali Works Inc Simultaneously scouring and bleaching with chlorite
US2440562A (en) * 1943-07-29 1948-04-27 Wise Mark Michael Obtaining of ramie
US2606094A (en) * 1949-08-22 1952-08-05 Byrne Mazy Process of degumming bast fibers

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2048775A (en) * 1934-10-01 1936-07-28 Du Pont Purification of cotton linters
US2073682A (en) * 1935-06-13 1937-03-16 Jr Franklin R Chesley Processes of treating vegetable fibrous material for the production of cellulose fibe
US2407909A (en) * 1940-09-18 1946-09-17 Mathieson Alkali Works Inc Purification of crude cellulosic material
US2530244A (en) * 1946-11-21 1950-11-14 Soren J F Jensen Process of degumming and bleaching ramie
US2626213A (en) * 1948-12-21 1953-01-20 Raybestos Manhattan Inc Asbestos dispersions and method of forming same

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1739683A (en) * 1927-12-08 1929-12-17 Vickers Ltd Treatment of fibrous vegetable materials
US1787880A (en) * 1929-01-26 1931-01-06 Ullmann Gustav Bucking process for vegetable fibrous material
US1866917A (en) * 1929-03-16 1932-07-12 Hanson & Orth Manufacture of cellulose material from hemp fibers
US1991335A (en) * 1930-01-24 1935-02-12 Twitchell Process Company Process of treating vegetable fibers
US2128928A (en) * 1932-06-29 1938-09-06 Weston Allen J Art of fiber liberation
US2181785A (en) * 1937-09-16 1939-11-28 Maui Agricultural Company Ltd Process of liberating cellulose from bagasse
US2253368A (en) * 1938-12-24 1941-08-19 Mathieson Alkali Works Inc Simultaneously scouring and bleaching with chlorite
US2253242A (en) * 1939-03-28 1941-08-19 Mathieson Alkall Works Inc Desizing textiles with chlorite
US2440562A (en) * 1943-07-29 1948-04-27 Wise Mark Michael Obtaining of ramie
US2606094A (en) * 1949-08-22 1952-08-05 Byrne Mazy Process of degumming bast fibers

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100261807A1 (en) * 2007-06-01 2010-10-14 Christiane Laine Novel dispersions and method for the production thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB703666A (en) 1954-02-10
DE875703C (de) 1953-05-04
DE875390C (de) 1953-05-04
FR1030187A (fr) 1953-06-10
NL77793C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB713342A (en) 1954-08-11
LU31165A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE503738A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR1030188A (fr) 1953-06-10
LU31166A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL77792C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE503737A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
US2725289A (en) 1955-11-29

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