US2259087A - Process for the treatment of hides and skins - Google Patents
Process for the treatment of hides and skins Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2259087A US2259087A US259005A US25900539A US2259087A US 2259087 A US2259087 A US 2259087A US 259005 A US259005 A US 259005A US 25900539 A US25900539 A US 25900539A US 2259087 A US2259087 A US 2259087A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- liming
- skins
- soaking
- bath
- hides
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 26
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 48
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 48
- -1 fatty alcohol sulphate Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 8
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000009183 running Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical compound [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000337 buffer salt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQWCXKGKQLNYQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylcyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound CC1CCC(O)CC1 MQWCXKGKQLNYQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZGSDJMADBJCNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S-][NH3+] Chemical compound [S-][NH3+] ZGSDJMADBJCNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940055577 oleyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002897 organic nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017709 saponins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
- C14C1/06—Facilitating unhairing, e.g. by painting, by liming
Definitions
- the temperature of the treatment is advantageously from 18-20 C., but may also be lower. It
- a process has now been found which renders possible not only the obtaining of the whole of the hairs including the root hairs in an unchanged condition, but also an extraordinary protection of the hide and the grain and thereby an excellent result in the finished leather, which process is, moreover, ingeneral capable of being carried out in a shorter time and with smaller quantities of chemicals than the usual liming processes.
- the process consists of pre-soaking, main soaking and liming. If desired, the pre-soaking and the mainsoaking can becombined, but this is less advantageous.
- the pre-soaking takes place in weak alkaline aqueous solution with a bath quantity of preferably 400-800% and a. pH value of between 8 and 11.8, but in any event below 12, which is adiusted by the use of buffer salts, such as sodium avoided as they cause an excessively strong de velopment of bacteria.
- the main soaking similarly takes place in weak alkaline aqueous solution ofpHB to 11.8, preferably with the addition of larger quantities of salt than in the pre-soaking and with a further addition of a fatty alcohol sulphate which is also soluble in the form of its alkaline earth salts.
- a fatty alcohol sulphate which is also soluble in the form of its alkaline earth salts.
- Those fatty alcohol sulphates which have unsaturated double bonds or contain from 6 to 12 carbon atoms in their chains and which are produced according to Patents Nos. 1,968,793, 1,968,794 and 1,968,797 areespecially suitable for this purpose.
- the sulphates of the alcohols which result from the catalytic reduction of the first runnings of the fatty acids from paraflln oxidation.
- sulphides especially sodium sulphide or ammonium sulphide, as well as polysulphides and sulph-hydrates can also be used especially in those cases where the soaking and/or the liming takes place in the vat.
- Lime if desired with the addition of sodium sulphide, is preferably used for the liming treatment.
- the above mentioned fatty alcohol sulphates camalso be additionally used here.
- the quantity of the bath amounts in the case of the vat liming to about 400% and in that of the pit liming to from 500,00 800% calculated on the raw weight of the skins.
- the duration amounts in the case of the vat liming to about 24 hours, in that of pit liming to about 3 to 4 days.
- the fatty alcohol sulphates assist the action of the'liming chemicals on the hair papillae and thereby materially contribute to the loosening out of the sec'urely embedded root hairs. Moreover, ithas been determined that these fatty alcohol sulphates exercise a loosening and solvent effect on the intercellular albuminous substances of the skin such as albumens, globullns and mucines without, however, in the slightest degree attacking the collagen fibre. This special effect of the fatty alcohol sulphatescan best be illustrated as follows.
- a piece of bullock skin is placed into a weakly alkaline solution of a suitable fatty alcohol sulphate (for example a mixture of the sodium salts of the fatty alcohol sulphuric acid esters with 6 to 12 carbon atoms, obtained from the first runnings of the distillation of the alcohols corresponding to the coconut oil acids) then after a comparatively short time slimy albuminous substances separate on the bottom of the vessel.
- a suitable fatty alcohol sulphate for example a mixture of the sodium salts of the fatty alcohol sulphuric acid esters with 6 to 12 carbon atoms, obtained from the first runnings of the distillation of the alcohols corresponding to the coconut oil acids
- Other wetting-out agents such as sulphonated oils or aromatic sulphonic acids, which have already been proposed as additions to the soaking bath do not show this behaviour.
- the albumen solvent effect of the fatty alcohol sulphates does not extend to the collagen fibres but only to the so-called inter-cellular substances of the skin.
- Pre-soalcing Cleaning of the skins in water, to which about 100 guns. of caustic soda per cbm. can be added. Soaking time: 1 day.
- fatty alcohol 7 sulphate means a mixture of the sodium salts of the sulphuric acid esters of the fatty alcohols with 6 to 12 carbon atoms, as are present in the first runnings of the alcohols obtainable by catalytic reduction of the fatty acids of coconut 7 oil.
- the process is suitable not only for bullock and horse skins, but also for calf-, goats-,and sheepskins, as well as for other skins of similar character in.which the preservation of hair is important.
- the hairs, including all the root hairs, can very easily be removed according to the process described, and they are so firm, smooth and shiny that they can only be compared with sheared hairs. They constitute a raw material, of very high value, for the hairusing industry. Bullocks hairs, obtained in the manner described can, for example'be utilized up to 30% in the manufacture of woollen blankets.
- the pelts obtained according to the process are elastic, tender and smooth in the grain and yield an excellent leather.
- the quantity of the enzyme can be reduced, or for example when manufacturing sleek leather it can be entirely omitted. The process is therefore in every respect progressive and industrially valuable.
- a process for the preparation of hides and skins for tanning'gwhilst preserving the hairs characterised in that the hides and skins are first subjected to an alkaline'soaking at a pH value betweent 8 and 11.8 and are then treated in an alkaline liming bath in presenceof such fatty alcohol sulphuric acid esters as are easily root hairs.
- the soaking solution and liming bath being insufilcient either singularly or collectively to destroy theroot hairs, and said esters being employed in an amount which has a-dissolving action on intercellular albuminous material sumcient to efiect together with the liming treatment the looseningof the root hairs.
- a process for the preparation of hides and skins for tanning whilst preserving the hairs characterised in that the hides and skins are first subjected to an alkaline soaking at a'pH value between ,8 andv 11.8 and are then treated in an alkaline liming bath in presence of sulphat'es of unsaturated fatty alcohols, the efiective strength'of the soaking solution and liming. bath being insufiicient either singularly or collectively employed in an amount which hasa dissolving action on intercellularalbuminous material sufficient to efiect together with the liming treatment the loosening of the root hairs.
- a process for the preparation of hides and skins' for tanning whilst preserving the hairs characterised in that the hides and skins are first subjected to an alkaline soaking at a pH value between .8 and 11.8 and are then'treated in an alkaline liming bath, also containing alkali sulphide, in presence of sulphates of unsaturated fatty alcohols, the efiective strength of the soak ing solution and liming bath being insuflicient either singularly or collectively to destroy the root hairs, and saidsulfates being employed in an amount which has a dissolvingaction' on intercellular albuminous material suflicient to eflect together with the liming treatment the loosening of the root hairs.
- a process for the preparation of hides and skins for tanning whilst preserving the hairs characterised in that the hides and skins are first subjected to, an'alkaline' soaking at a pH value between 8 and 11.8 and are then treated in an alkaline liming bath, in presence of sulphuric acidesters of the fatty alcohols from the first runnings of the coconut oil alcohols and 4 the palm kernal oil alcohols, the effective strength of the soaking solution and liming bath being insuflicient either singularly or collectively to destroy the root hairs, and said esters being employed in an amount which has a dissolving action on intercellular albuminous material sufflcient to. effect together with the liming treatment the loosening of the root hairs.
- a process for the preparation of hides and skins for tanning whilst preserving the hairs characterised in that the hides and skins are firstsubjected to an alkaline soaking at a pH value between 8 and 11.8 and are then treated in an alkaline liming bath, also containing alkali sulphide, in presence of sulphuric acid esters of the fatty alcohols from the first runnings of the coconut oil alcohols and the palm kernel oil alcohols, the efiective strength of the soaking solution and liming bath being insufficient either singularly or collectively to destroy the root hairs,
- esters being employed inan amount which has adissolving action on intercellular albuminous material suflicient to eflect together with the liming treatment the loosening of the root hairs.
- a process for the preparation of hides and skins for tanning whilst preserving the hairs characterised in that the hides and skins are first subjected to an alkaline soaking at a pH value between 8 and 11.8 and are then treated in an alkaline liming bath, in presence of oleyl alcohol sulfate, the efiective strength of the soaking solution and liming bath being insuijflcient either singularly or collectively to destroy the root hairs, and said sulfate being employed in an amount which has a dissolving action on intercellular albuminous material sumcient to efl'ect together with the liming treatment the loosening of the root'iiairs.
- a process for the'preparation of hides and skins for;tanning whilst preserving the hairs characterised in that the hides and skins are first subjected to an alkaline soaking at a pH value between 8 and 11.8 and are then treated a dissolvingaction on intercellular albuminous material sumcient to effect together with the liming treatment the loosening of the root hairs.
- a process for the preparation of hides and skins for tanning whilst preserving the hairs comprising first soaking said hides and skins in an alkaline soaking bath of a pH value less than V 12 and then subjecting said hides and skins to an alkaline liming bath.
- said soaking and liming baths each containing a sulfuric acid ester of a fatty alcohol whose alkaline earth salts are readily soluble in water at a temperature less than 30 C., the eifective strength of the soaking solution and liming bath being insufficient either singularly or collectively to destroy the root hairs, and said ester being employed in an amount which has a dissolving action on intercellular albuminous material suflicient to effect together with the liming treatment the loosening of the root hairs.
- a process for the preparation of hides and skins for tanning while preserving the hairs comprising first soaking said hides and skins in an alkaline soaking bath of a pH value less than 12 and then subjecting said hides and skins to an alkaline lime bath, said soaking and lime baths each containing a sulfuric acid ester of fatty alcohol selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohols of 6 to 12 carbon atoms and a higher molecular unsaturated fatty alcohol, the effective strength of the soaking solution and liming bath being insumcient either singularly or collectively to destroy the root hairs, and said ester being employed in an amount which has a dissolving action on intercellular albuminous material suflicient to effect together with the liming treatment the loosening of the root hairs.
- A' liming bath for hides which have been softened in an alkaline bath having a pH value ranging between 8 and 11.8 which comprises lime, sodium sulfide in a quantity insumcient to damage the hair present and a sulfuric acid ester of a fatty alcohol of 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1938B0182114 DE703853C (de) | 1938-03-01 | 1938-03-01 | Verfahren zur Herstellung gerbfertiger Hautbloessen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2259087A true US2259087A (en) | 1941-10-14 |
Family
ID=89574064
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US259005A Expired - Lifetime US2259087A (en) | 1938-03-01 | 1939-02-28 | Process for the treatment of hides and skins |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2259087A (nl) |
| CH (1) | CH214616A (nl) |
| DE (1) | DE703853C (nl) |
| FR (1) | FR850853A (nl) |
| NL (1) | NL50426C (nl) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE743501C (de) * | 1940-03-05 | 1943-12-28 | Chem Fab Joh Benckiser G M B H | Verfahren zum Weichen von trockenen Haeuten und Fellen aller Art |
-
1938
- 1938-03-01 DE DE1938B0182114 patent/DE703853C/de not_active Expired
-
1939
- 1939-02-22 CH CH214616D patent/CH214616A/de unknown
- 1939-02-25 FR FR850853D patent/FR850853A/fr not_active Expired
- 1939-02-28 US US259005A patent/US2259087A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1939-02-28 NL NL92181A patent/NL50426C/nl active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL50426C (nl) | 1941-05-15 |
| CH214616A (de) | 1941-05-15 |
| DE703853C (de) | 1941-03-18 |
| FR850853A (fr) | 1939-12-28 |
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