Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
  • D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
  • D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
  • D06M11/11—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with halogen acids or salts thereof
  • D06M11/155—Halides of elements of Groups 2 or 12 of the Periodic Table
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/51—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof
  • D06M11/55—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof with sulfur trioxide; with sulfuric acid or thiosulfuric acid or their salts
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/58—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides
  • D06M11/59—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides with ammonia; with complexes of organic amines with inorganic substances
  • D06M11/62—Complexes of metal oxides or complexes of metal salts with ammonia or with organic amines
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/68—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof
  • D06M11/70—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof with oxides of phosphorus; with hypophosphorous, phosphorous or phosphoric acids or their salts
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
  • D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
  • D06M13/207—Substituted carboxylic acids, e.g. by hydroxy or keto groups; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
  • D06M15/03—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof

Definitions

• This invention relates to a process for producing pattern fabrics and products therefrom.
• One of the objects of the invention is to provide simple and novel processes for the produc: tion of pattern crepe-effects, pattern translucent or transparent eifects or for the production of a combination of both effects.
• Another object of the invention is to provide special starting fabrics containing different kinds of yarns which enable the production of the desired finish effects.
• the starting fabric contains at least two different sets or kinds of yarns, one set being of such character as to be substantially insensitive to swelling agents to which the other of the two sets of yarns is sensitive so as to give or enhance the desired optical contrast between the respective areas of the fabric consisting of the two sets of yarns.
• Another object of the invention is to provide products from such processes having novel and improved characteristics. Other objects will be in part obviousand in part pointed out hereinafter.
• the invention comprises the novel products as well as the novel processes and steps of processes according to which such products are manufactured, the specific embodiments of which are described hereinafter by way of examples and in accordance with which we now prefer to practice the invention.
• the yarns which according to this part of our invention are present initially in the fabric as raw yarn containing the natural incrustations.
• the raw yarn may be woven to' form stripes, diamonds, etc.
• other fabrics can be finished in the same manner, for-instance knitted goods, hosiery goods,
• printed goods etc. which consist of previously treated and -raw vegetable yarns containing incrustations may be employed.
• the fabric can be further treated in any desired manner, namely by bleaching, dyeing,-flnishing or the like.
• tone in' tone effects can be obtained since the previously treated opened-up fiber has the property ofv consuming more. dye than the raw fiberx
• the expressionftone intone is intended to indicate" the effect gi en by such a combination .of dyed fibers possessing different shades of color.
• the process is preferably employed with cotton containing fabrics, but the other natural vegetable fiber products can be used instead of cotton. It is important, however, in selecting for the effect yarns, such natural vegetable fibrous material as contains the natural incrustations.
• the fabric may contain one kind of fiber alone or there may be an admixture of fibers so long as some of the yarns are relatively insensitive to the swelling agent.
• Example 1 Cotton muslin, the base of which consists of yarn previously scoured and into which effect-yarns of raw cotton containing incrustations are woven in stripes, is impregnated with caustic soda solution of 37 B. at 10 C. for 3 seconds. The material is pressed and set aside at room temperature for three minutes in unstretched condition. Thereupon it is washed hot at about 85 C., acidified and bleached carefully in the usual manner. Finally it is dried in loose condition. The effect produced is shown by the wave-like projections of the effect-threads which impart to the fabric a crepe-like character.
• Example 2 Muslin woven from scoured cotton, yarn and also containing as effect yarns individual raw cotton yarns containing incrustations woven into warp and filler in diamond shaped patterns is printed with a gum resist, for example gum arable, locally. After the drying of the resist the fabric is mercerized without tension in accordance with Example 1, washed, whereby also the resist is removed, and finished. The resist parts are set off as patterns from the checkered pattern background.
• a gum resist for example gum arable
• reagents that may be used to give similar translucent effects, as is well-known, are the following agents used alone: sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, mixed acid (nitric and sulphuric acid), caustic soda solution which has been cooled down to about 10 C., zinc chloride, calcium thiocyanate, ammoniacal copper oxide and others.
• agents used alone sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, mixed acid (nitric and sulphuric acid), caustic soda solution which has been cooled down to about 10 C., zinc chloride, calcium thiocyanate, ammoniacal copper oxide and others.
• the fabrics which have been treated to produce the translucent or transparent effects can, if desired, be further treated in order to render the original raw yarns containing the natural incrustations susceptible to further treatment. For instance they can be treated to render them more absorptive to dyestuffs.
• Such raw naturally incrusted yarns can be "opened” up by bleaching or other opening up process described above. After the opening up of these raw yarns so that they then exist in a fabric which has been rendered more transparent or more translucent, the fabric can be treated with a shrinking agent such as caustic soda which will cause these non-transparent yarns to shrink so that a wavy effect will appear on the surface of the fabric of the transparent or translucent fabric.
• Example 3 A cotton muslin fabric, the base of which" consists of scoured cotton yarns containing woven stripes of coarse raw cotton yarns, and also effect yarns containing natural incrustations is treated with sulphuric acid of 53 B. at 12 C. for 8 seconds. Thereupon the acid is washed out, the fabric is mercerized with caustic soda solution of 28 B. at 15 C. The fabric is then bleached.
• the resultant product is a transparent fabric in which appears stripe effects, these stripes being the raw cotton which has not been transparentized due to the protective coating of the incrustations. These stripes remain soft and their presence does not tend to render the fabric more brittle. They give an optical contrast in which because of their non-transparent character, they are set off from the transparent base.
• Example 4 A cotton muslin fabric, the base of which consists of scoured cotton yarns and also containing woven stripes of coarse raw cotton yarns, as effect yarns, containingnatural incrustations is treated with a solution of 70 parts of zinc chloride in 30 parts of water at 100 C. during 20 seconds. The fabric is then washed with cold water and finished in a frame. A similar eifect is obtained as described in Example 3.
• Example 5. A cotton muslin consisting of scoured yarns and raw yarns as efi'ect yarns forming a suitable design is printed with a resist of gum arabic and dried. Then it is treated with sulfuric acid of 54 B. during 10 seconds at 8 C. Then itis washed thoroughly, whereby also the resist is removed, and then bleached and finished. The resist parts stand out as patterns from the transparent background which is traced through by opaque designs due to the raw yarns.
• Example 6 A starting fabric of cotton muslin as described in Example 3 is transparentized in the same way as is pointed out in said example. The fabric is then k er-boiled and bleached and dried in a frame. Afterwards it is treated with caustic soda solution according to Example 1. The raw threads opened up by kier-boiling now shrink whereupon the transparent parts which remain substantially unchanged by the alkali treatment, assume'a wavelike appearance.
• Impregnating with solutions of waxes and higher melting fats and hydrocarbons for instance 10% beeswax in benzine; 10% Japan wax in benzine; 8% synthetic wax in benzine; rubber in benzol toluol, chlorinated rubber in toluol, paraflin in benzine and the like.
• varnishes and resin-like substances for instance cellulose esters, for example 15% nitrocellulose in a1cohol+ethyl acetate, solution of dimethyl urea, acetyl cellulose in acetone, and the like.
• the vegetable or animal yarns or rayon yarns which have been made insensitive to swelling agents by any of the above-described methods are now woven with previously treated opened up yarns, that is, with yarns which are affected by swelling agents. Especially favorable results may be obtained with lustrous and dyed yarns which have been made insensitive in the manner indicated above.
• the completed fabrics are shrunk by means of swelling agents known to the textile finisher including those mentioned above for crepe-like effects under (a). After the washing out of the swelling agent the insensitizing material, depending-on its nature, may either be removed or may remain in the fabric. In the latter case, if their presence for some particular purpose should prove objectionable they may be removed by a special process. In most cases, however, such subsequent treatment is not necessary.
• the completed fabrics can be improved further by subsequent dyeing if desired. Such dyeing may be performed if desired before the insensitizing materials have been removed.
• This process may be combined with the customary resist printing processes, briefly referred to above, to obtain manifold effects.
• Example 7 A calico fabric, the base of which consists of secured yarns and also containing as effect yarns woven stripes of mercerized cotton yarns which have been impregnated with a solution made up from 15 parts of nitrocellulose, 57 parts of ethyl acetate and 28 parts of spirit is treated with caustic soda solution according to Example 1. Similar effects of those of Example 1 are obtained but the lustre of the mercerised effect threads imparts a good appearance to the finished fabric.
• Example 8 A cotton muslin which contains scoured cotton yarns and as effect yarns, cotton yarns which have been mercerized, dyed and impregnated with a solution of 10% beeswax in benzine, is treated according to Example 1. A special effect is obtained by means of the dyed effect yarns.
• Example 9 A cotton muslin the base of which consists of scoured yarns and also containing effect yarns made insensitive to the action of parchmentizing agents by impregnation with an emulsion of paraflin (for example Migasol marketed by Deutschen fiir chemische Industrie, Basel) is treated with sulfuric acid in the same way as described in Example 3.
• the effect yarns remain soft and give an optical contrast because of their non-transparent character.
• a full cotton voile is treated in a jigger for 15 minutes at 50 'C. in a 30% formaldehyde bath to which has been added 0.75% aluminum thiocyanate. After squeezing out the excess liquor the fabric is dried at aboue 120 C. for 20 minutes. The fabric may be exposed to'an air current or left lying around for a period until any odor of formaldehyde disappears. The fabric thus treated upon compression to test crease-resistance is smoothed out again and shows an agreeable soft feel.
• a viscose spun-rayon fabric is treated in a jigger for 15 minutes at 20 C. in a bath containing 20 liter of technical solution of formaldehyde (38%) 400 grams of ammonium chloride and 80 liters of water. Excess liquor is squeezed out, the fabric is dried at 70 C. for about 15 minutes then exposed to a temperature of 120 C. during 20 minutes. Then follows a short treatment with a hot soap bath, containing about 3 grams of soap per liter. After washing out and drying the fabric is remarkably resistant to creasing. Similar yarns may replace the fabrics in the two examples mentioned, taken from said Frauenfelder application, Serial No. 62,994, to produce the desired inactive formaldehyde cellulose yarns herein referred to.
• Such insensitive yarns accordingly may be employed with sensitive yarns for the production of crepe-like effects, as well as for the production of fabrics having transparent or translucent areas.
• the formaldehyde cellulose yarns also possess a certain repelling property towards dyestuffs.
• cellulosic yarns treated with formeldehyde as above show an excellent resistance to scouring (boiling with dilute alkalies) and even kier-boiling (boiling with dilute alkalies under pressure). They do not lose their valuable properties of not being affected by the shrinking agents nor by the transparentizing agents referred to in Parts 1 and 2 of the present application.
• these formaldehyde treated yarns there is no need of weaving scoured yarns or yarns otherwise opened up (called active cellulosic fibres in this application) together with the inactive formaldehyde yarns, although such scoured yarns may be used if desired.
• These formaldehyde cellulose yarns may be woven into a. fabric with the raw vegetable yarns, for instance into a cotton voile or Example 11.
• Example 11 A raw cotton muslin, the base of which consists of raw cotton yarnsand also containing effect twists of cotton treatedaccording to the example for cotton of said copending application is scoured, bleached and treated with caustic soda lye, according to Example 1. Similar effects are obtained as in Example 1. It is to be understood that no subsequent bleaching occurs in this case, as it was necessary in Example 1 because of the raw effect threads.
• Example 12 A muslin web the base of which consists of raw cotton yarns and also containing viscose yarns treated according to the example for viscose of said copending application is scoured, bleached and afterwards treated as described in The effect yarns in this and in the previous example withstand scouring and bleaching without losing their reserving properties. Whereas the raw yarns, opened up by scouring shrink through the action of caustic alkali lye the effect yarns remain substantially unchanged and form wavelike projections all over the web.
• Example 13 A muslin such as used in either of the Examples 11 and 12 is scoured bleached, dried and printed with a gum resist, for example gum arabic, locally. Then it is treated according to Example 1 with mercerizing lye without tension, washed, acidified and washed again. If this fabric, which has already assumed a crepe-like character, the resist parts standing out as patterns, is now dyed three shades are obtained. The shrunk parts are dyed strongly, the resist parts somewhat less, the effect threads behaving differently to different (colors) dyes.
• a gum resist for example gum arabic
• crepe-effects obtained are in general character similar to those secured in connection with the other processes described above.
• Example 14 A raw cotton muslin containing effect yarns of cotton treated with formaldehyde according to the example for treatment of cotton taken from said Frauenfelder application given above above-mentioned copending application is kier-boiled bleached and dried in a frame. Afterwards it is exposed to sulfuric acid of 54 B. during 8 seconds at C., washed, mercerized with tension, washed with hot water, acidified,
• Example 15 A raw cotton muslin containing effect threads of viscose artificial silk treated according to example for treatment of viscose taken from said Frauenfelder application given above the copending application mentioned above is scoured, bleached, dried ina frame and printed with a resist of gum arabic. Afterwards it is exposed to sulfuric acid of 54 B. during 8.
• the process employing the formaldehyde cellulose yarns is very simple andreliable. Due to the change in the dye-absorbing properties of the formaldehyde cellulose yarns, on dyeing a wide range of color contrast in the fabric is obtained, some of which are different from those obtained by other processes herein described.
• the formaldehyde-treated yarns may consist of natural vegetable fibers as for instance cotton, linen. hemp, ramie and the like and also of cellulose-containing artificial fibers such as viscose, rayon, cuprammonium artificial silk, saponified nitro-rayon and artificial staple fibers.
• As basic substances for the vegetable yarns there may be employed all natural spinning fibers.
• the fabrics prepared from the yarns may be of any kind, as for. instance woven, braided or knitted fabrics and may contain both kinds of yarn, formaldehyde treated and untreated yarn, in varying proportions. That is, either the natural active fiber may predominate or the formaldehyde cellulose fiber may predominate to give different effects.
• active fibers it is intended to mean natural fibers containing cellulose, e. g. cotton, linen, ramie and hemp or other natural cellulosecontaining material which is capable of being shrunk or rendered more transparent or translucent, by any of the agents for such purpose herein described.
• inactive formaldehyde cellulose fibers refers to fibers containing cellulose treated with formaldehyde as herein described.
• the expression "parchmentizing agent as em ployed in the claims refers to sulfuric acid, zinc chloride, or similar agent which acts on active fibers to produce a parchmentizing effect. This effect ordinarily shows translucence or transparence, usually with some stiffening of the fabric.
• the expression parchmentlzed is intended to refer to the result of the action of such parchmentizing agent.
• a process for producing pattern fabrics which comprises treating with a swelling agent a fabric containing inactive formaldehyde cellulose fibres and active fibres woven in a pattern, the active fibres being natural vegetable fibres which are active to swelling agents, and altering the active fibres under the swelling action to form a visible pattern while the inactive fibres are substantially unaltered by said swelling action.
• a process for producing pattern fabrics which comprises treating with sulfuric acid of parchmentizing strength, a fabric containing inactive formaldehyde cellulose fibres and active fibres woven in a pattern, the active fibres being natural vegetable fibres which have been treated to remove surface incrustations and render the fibres substantially active to the parchmentizing agent, to parchmentize the active fibres While a the inactive fibres remain substantially unaffected by said agent.
• a process for producing pattern fabrics which comprises treating with caustic soda of shrinking strength, a fabric containing inactive formaldehyde cellulose fibres and active fibres woven in a pattern, the active fibres being natural vegetable fibres which have been treated to remove surface incrustations, and render the fibres substantially active to the shrinking agent, and shrinking the active fibres under the action of the shrinking agent to produce a creping effect, while the inactive fibres are substantially unaltered by said shrinking agent.
• a process for producing pattern fabrics which comprises treating a fabric containing inactive formaldehyde cellulose fibres and active fibres successively with a swelling parchmentizing agent and with a swelling shrinking agent, the active fibres being natural vegetable fibres active to swelling agents and altering said active fibres by said agents to produce in some fibres shrinking and in others parchmentizing while the inactive fibres are substantially unaltered by said swelling agents.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
• Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
• Woven Fabrics (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Coloring (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=25981042

Family Applications (2)

Family Applications After (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (6)

Families Citing this family (3)

• 0
  • BE BE416173D patent/BE416173A/xx unknown
  • NL NL46826D patent/NL46826C/xx active
  • NL NL46837D patent/NL46837C/xx active
  • NL NL50100D patent/NL50100C/xx active
• 1935
  • 1935-02-16 DE DE1935H0142761 patent/DE692689C/de not_active Expired
  • 1935-03-14 GB GB7943/35A patent/GB453836A/en not_active Expired
• 1936
  • 1936-02-13 US US63808A patent/US2171513A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1936-02-14 FR FR803215D patent/FR803215A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1936-02-24 GB GB5494/36A patent/GB469138A/en not_active Expired
  • 1936-06-23 FR FR812065D patent/FR812065A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1936-12-09 FR FR814729D patent/FR814729A/fr not_active Expired
• 1939
  • 1939-01-26 US US252938A patent/US2275851A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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