US2057776A - Paint baking apparatus - Google Patents

Paint baking apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2057776A
US2057776A US750537A US75053734A US2057776A US 2057776 A US2057776 A US 2057776A US 750537 A US750537 A US 750537A US 75053734 A US75053734 A US 75053734A US 2057776 A US2057776 A US 2057776A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
enamel
radiation
glass
drying
same
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US750537A
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English (en)
Inventor
Fredrick J Groven
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ford Motor Co
Original Assignee
Ford Motor Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ford Motor Co filed Critical Ford Motor Co
Priority to US750537A priority Critical patent/US2057776A/en
Priority to GB19811/35A priority patent/GB450617A/en
Priority to DK53499D priority patent/DK53499C/da
Priority to DEF79720D priority patent/DE652027C/de
Priority to FR794031D priority patent/FR794031A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2057776A publication Critical patent/US2057776A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
    • F26B3/30—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun from infrared-emitting elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/0033—Heating devices using lamps
    • H05B3/0038—Heating devices using lamps for industrial applications
    • H05B3/0042—Heating devices using lamps for industrial applications used in motor vehicles

Definitions

  • baked enamel was only used to a very limited extent on automobiles, although it produced an excellent nish both in appearance and in durability.
  • lacquer finishes are comparatively easy to apply they require rubbing to produce the necessary gloss and consequently the cost of iinishing an automobile body with lacquer is considerable.
  • this extra cost is more than oiset ⁇ because the lacquer may be applied after the upholstery and glass have been installed in the car so that in case the car is scratched dur- ,ng the assembly of the hardware thereon the scratched surface may readily be repaired, as no heat is required to dry same. In this connection no rubbing is required on an enameled surface.
  • the important feature of my invention and the feature which makes it possible to dry venamel in five minutes ata lower temperature than formerly required two to three hours of baking, is that the wave length of the heat used in my process is selected so that a penetration is obtained which is most advantageous for the aver-' age nthickness of the enamel coating being applied.
  • my Invention consists in the arrangement, construction and combination of the various parts of my improved device, as described in the specification, claimed inmy claims, and illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which:
  • Figure 1 shows a front view of a drying unit adapted to dry a side or rear portion of an automobile body.
  • Figure 2 shows a side view of the device show n in Figure 1
  • Figure 3 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the positioning ofthe heating bulbs relative to the reectors and to the painted surface being dried.
  • each of which is provided with a cross bar I I at its lowermost end.
  • a castor I2 is mounted so that the posts may be conveniently moved from place to place.
  • the two posts I are attachedY together by means of 'angle iron bars I3, these bars also supporting the switch boxes I4 which control the heating units about to be described.
  • the heating units are mounted within a rectangularly shaped frame I5, this frame being con.- structed of angle iron and being provided with sides and rear formed of perforated metal I6 while thel front face is covered with wire screen 20 of approximately one inch and a quarter mesh, the screen being commonly known as chicken wire.
  • Mounted within the frame I I have provided ⁇ 68 reectors'll in eachof which a 260 Watt, 50 candle power carbon filament lamp bulb ⁇ I8 is disposed.
  • the bulbs are placed'in the reflectors so that the reflected rays have a considerable spread. Best results are obtained by using reflectors of approximately seven inch diameter and focusing the bulb so that an area of approximately fourteen inches indiameter is covered at a foot' and one-half distance.
  • the surface to be dried is placed'substantially 18 inches away ⁇ and consequently the reflected light from each of these bulbs overlaps suflciently to produce a uniform heat over the full surface be- 65 however, if electrical energy is sumciently cheap it may be advantageous to use the process for initially finishing the entire car body. Further, this process being adapted for use without removing the upholstery from the car is applicable for reflnishing cars or for initially finishing cars having composite bodies.
  • Masks should be placed on the adjacent panels that arewapt to be fogged when spraying the enamel on the repair panel.
  • the actual spraying operation should be done by using the. same color and type of enamel as was sprayed on the part originally, spraying the same number of coats on the repaired panel that was sprayed on those panels adjoining the repaired panel to thus give the same color and luster on all panels.
  • a very important characteristic of my improved method of drying is that where either plain glass or safety glass -is used in the windows and doors of the body, such glass need not be removed from the body when it is being repaired. It is only required that the glass be run up so as to close the window or door openings and be directly exposed to the rays from the drying unit. For some reason not known to the applicant, neither plain glass nor safety glass is in any Way harmed by the heat rays from the drying unit just described, although enamel is rapidly dried by such rays. If the glass is lowered into the doors or bodythe heat is sufficient to almost immediately crack plain glass or discolor the safety glass.
  • ⁇ the character of the substance.
  • the penetration through the substance at a particulardepth and by absorption is meant the stoppage of the heat waves within the particular depth. It is believed thatwith the carbon filament bulb as a heating unit, energy is projected of such wave length that a large percentage penetrates almost through the layer of enamel so that surface heating is retarded while at the same time the penetration dries the enamel uniformly over its full depth.
  • the iron wire heater at about 1350 F; the carbon filament lamp bulb at 3400* F; the tungsten filament bulb at about 5000 F. and the suns radiation, 9,500 F.
  • the percentage of the total radiation penetrating to any particular depth in any substance varies widely for the 'above sources of radiation. Further, the maximum permeability through water occurs at wave lengths of about 11,000 A. while for other substances the maximum penetration is obtained at other wave lengths. Consequently. in deciding the wave lengths which are most desirable to use. it is necessary to learn the transmission characteristics of the substance being heated and from the thickness of the substance and its transmission curve can be calculated tlie wave length which will penetrate almost to the bottom'of the coating without dispersing itself in the metal upon which the enamel is applied.
  • the absorption byiiquids is not proportional to the depth, as the first mm. may transmit only 10% of the total radiation while the next mm. will transmit 90% of the radiation penetrating to its depth. This is due to the fact that a very large amount ofthe energy reaching the first surface is not transmitted at all but is absorbed on the surface, while for radiation of wave lengths corresponding to the transmission band a very large percentage that reached the first surface may pass through the' iirst mm.
  • a carbon filament lamp of 260 watts and 50 candle power radiates energy, the maximum portion of which is in the near visible infra red range or between 10,000 A. and 16,000 A. (1.00 to 1.6 microns).
  • This radiation is distinguished from an open resistance wire heater which radiates energy which is characterized by being composed of wave lengths of from 20,000 A. to 100,000 A.
  • the baking time required is only a fraction of the time formerly required so that the operation can be carried on in most garages or service stations.
  • my apparatus is comparatively inexpensive so that garages may commercially be equipped with such device.
  • An apparatus for drying enamel or a similar coating upon motor vehicle bodies comprising, a rectangular shaped frame, the sides and rear of said frame being covered with perforated metal, means for adjustably supporting said frame for movement in a vertical piane so that same may be raised or lowered to position substantially horizontally aligned with the enameled surface to be dried, a plurality of sockets fixed in said frame, a reflector associated with each of said sockets, a carbon filament lamp bulb disposed in each of said sockets.
  • said reflectors being arranged in staggered relationship so as to occupy the major portion of the space within said frame, said bulbs being arranged in said reflectors so that said re- Furthermore, only 2% of the total iron the front side of said trame, and an open mesh' wire screen disposed over the front; o1' said frame so as to protect V:said bulbs.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
US750537A 1934-10-29 1934-10-29 Paint baking apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2057776A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US750537A US2057776A (en) 1934-10-29 1934-10-29 Paint baking apparatus
GB19811/35A GB450617A (en) 1934-10-29 1935-07-11 Improvements in and relating to the drying of enamel or similar coatings
DK53499D DK53499C (da) 1934-10-29 1935-07-15 Fremgangsmaade til Tørring af Lak eller lignende Dæklag samt Apparat til Udøvelse af Fremgangsmaaden.
DEF79720D DE652027C (de) 1934-10-29 1935-07-27 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von Lackueberzuegen
FR794031D FR794031A (fr) 1934-10-29 1935-08-02 Procédé et appareil pour le séchage de revêtements en émail ou revêtements analogues

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US750537A US2057776A (en) 1934-10-29 1934-10-29 Paint baking apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2057776A true US2057776A (en) 1936-10-20

Family

ID=25018263

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US750537A Expired - Lifetime US2057776A (en) 1934-10-29 1934-10-29 Paint baking apparatus

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2057776A (da)
DE (1) DE652027C (da)
DK (1) DK53499C (da)
FR (1) FR794031A (da)
GB (1) GB450617A (da)

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2445443A (en) * 1942-02-10 1948-07-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp Means for drying extended lengths of thread with infrared lamps
US2504516A (en) * 1944-09-30 1950-04-18 Trumbull Electric Mfg Co Electrically heated oven
US2562146A (en) * 1949-07-15 1951-07-24 Milprint Inc Art of radiant heat sealing
US2600294A (en) * 1948-02-24 1952-06-10 North American Electric Lamp C Baking chamber
US2607877A (en) * 1947-04-04 1952-08-19 Stevens Edwin Fenton Heating system
US2694135A (en) * 1952-10-03 1954-11-09 Eve M Brockmole Device for softening cement bonding floor coverings to a surface
US2708707A (en) * 1952-06-13 1955-05-17 Frank C Merrill Portable paint baking apparatus
US2777782A (en) * 1952-11-21 1957-01-15 Acf Ind Inc Method for the exterior finishing of vehicles
US3509334A (en) * 1967-07-31 1970-04-28 Stoyan P Michailov Adjustable lamp stand
US3589093A (en) * 1968-02-07 1971-06-29 Brockway Glass Co Inc Infrared heating of filled glass bottles
US4241255A (en) * 1978-02-02 1980-12-23 Dainichiseika Color & Chemicals Mfg. Co., Ltd. Ultraviolet ray projector
US4265029A (en) * 1979-12-04 1981-05-05 Jenkins Kenneth A Motor vehicle dryer stand
USD274088S (en) 1981-12-02 1984-05-29 Infrarodteknik Ab Travelling carrier for heating elements in a paint spray booth
WO1991010873A1 (en) * 1990-01-19 1991-07-25 G-Squared Semiconductor Corporation Heating apparatus for semiconductor wafers or substrates
US5155336A (en) * 1990-01-19 1992-10-13 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and method
US5174751A (en) * 1990-10-31 1992-12-29 Chapman Jacky L Mobile infrared heater
US5282145A (en) * 1991-08-29 1994-01-25 Ronald Lipson Method of repair paint curing for production lines and apparatus
US5930456A (en) * 1998-05-14 1999-07-27 Ag Associates Heating device for semiconductor wafers
US5960158A (en) * 1997-07-11 1999-09-28 Ag Associates Apparatus and method for filtering light in a thermal processing chamber
US5970214A (en) * 1998-05-14 1999-10-19 Ag Associates Heating device for semiconductor wafers
US6016383A (en) * 1990-01-19 2000-01-18 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and method including an infrared camera to measure substrate temperature
US6072160A (en) * 1996-06-03 2000-06-06 Applied Materials, Inc. Method and apparatus for enhancing the efficiency of radiant energy sources used in rapid thermal processing of substrates by energy reflection
US6210484B1 (en) 1998-09-09 2001-04-03 Steag Rtp Systems, Inc. Heating device containing a multi-lamp cone for heating semiconductor wafers
WO2002022280A1 (en) * 2000-09-18 2002-03-21 Ecolab Inc. Portable radiation cure device
US6764719B2 (en) 2000-09-18 2004-07-20 Ecolab Inc. Portable radiation cure device
US20070271812A1 (en) * 2003-07-24 2007-11-29 Werner Swoboda Device for Hardening the Coating of an Object, Consisting of a Material That Hardens Under Electromagnetic Radiation, More Particularly an Uv Paint or a Thermally Hardening Paint

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE966218C (de) * 1942-05-22 1957-07-18 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Austrocknen bzw. Erwaermen von Raeumen und deren Begrenzungen
DE919040C (de) * 1942-07-03 1954-10-11 Aeg Einrichtung zum Trocknen, insbesondere langgestreckter duenner Koerper, durch Waermestrahlung
DE955939C (de) * 1942-09-11 1957-01-10 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Trocknen von Gruenfutter
DE966023C (de) * 1950-08-24 1957-07-04 Raduner & Co Ag Vorrichtung zur thermischen Behandlung von Waren-, insbesondere Textilbahnen
GB2091858B (en) 1980-12-11 1984-09-26 Infraroedteknik Ab Surface treatment of objects
GB2153507B (en) * 1984-01-17 1987-09-23 Norman David Smith Heating apparatus for drying paint
US4908231A (en) * 1986-09-08 1990-03-13 Bgk Finishing Systems, Inc. Automobile coating heat treating process
US4771728A (en) * 1986-09-08 1988-09-20 Bgk Finishing Systems, Inc. Automotive coating treatment apparatus
US4907533A (en) * 1986-09-08 1990-03-13 Bgk Finishing Systems, Inc. Automotive coating treatment apparatus with plural radiant lamps
US5050232A (en) * 1990-03-28 1991-09-17 Bgk Finishing Systems, Inc. Movable heat treating apparatus utilizing proportionally controlled infrared lamps
DE4336856A1 (de) * 1993-10-28 1995-05-04 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Verfahren zum Trocknen von Automobillacken

Cited By (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2445443A (en) * 1942-02-10 1948-07-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp Means for drying extended lengths of thread with infrared lamps
US2504516A (en) * 1944-09-30 1950-04-18 Trumbull Electric Mfg Co Electrically heated oven
US2607877A (en) * 1947-04-04 1952-08-19 Stevens Edwin Fenton Heating system
US2600294A (en) * 1948-02-24 1952-06-10 North American Electric Lamp C Baking chamber
US2562146A (en) * 1949-07-15 1951-07-24 Milprint Inc Art of radiant heat sealing
US2708707A (en) * 1952-06-13 1955-05-17 Frank C Merrill Portable paint baking apparatus
US2694135A (en) * 1952-10-03 1954-11-09 Eve M Brockmole Device for softening cement bonding floor coverings to a surface
US2777782A (en) * 1952-11-21 1957-01-15 Acf Ind Inc Method for the exterior finishing of vehicles
US3509334A (en) * 1967-07-31 1970-04-28 Stoyan P Michailov Adjustable lamp stand
US3589093A (en) * 1968-02-07 1971-06-29 Brockway Glass Co Inc Infrared heating of filled glass bottles
US4241255A (en) * 1978-02-02 1980-12-23 Dainichiseika Color & Chemicals Mfg. Co., Ltd. Ultraviolet ray projector
US4265029A (en) * 1979-12-04 1981-05-05 Jenkins Kenneth A Motor vehicle dryer stand
USD274088S (en) 1981-12-02 1984-05-29 Infrarodteknik Ab Travelling carrier for heating elements in a paint spray booth
US5487127A (en) * 1990-01-19 1996-01-23 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and method utilizing plurality of light pipes
US5790751A (en) * 1990-01-19 1998-08-04 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus including a plurality of light pipes and a pyrometer for measuring substrate temperature
US6434327B1 (en) 1990-01-19 2002-08-13 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and method including an infrared camera to measure substrate temperature
US6122439A (en) * 1990-01-19 2000-09-19 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and method
US5317492A (en) * 1990-01-19 1994-05-31 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and method
WO1991010873A1 (en) * 1990-01-19 1991-07-25 G-Squared Semiconductor Corporation Heating apparatus for semiconductor wafers or substrates
US5683173A (en) * 1990-01-19 1997-11-04 Applied Materials, Inc. Cooling chamber for a rapid thermal heating apparatus
US5689614A (en) * 1990-01-19 1997-11-18 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and control therefor
US5708755A (en) * 1990-01-19 1998-01-13 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and method
US5743643A (en) * 1990-01-19 1998-04-28 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and method
US5767486A (en) * 1990-01-19 1998-06-16 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus including a plurality of radiant energy sources and a source of processing gas
US5155336A (en) * 1990-01-19 1992-10-13 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and method
US5840125A (en) * 1990-01-19 1998-11-24 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus including a substrate support and an external drive to rotate the same
US6016383A (en) * 1990-01-19 2000-01-18 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and method including an infrared camera to measure substrate temperature
US5174751A (en) * 1990-10-31 1992-12-29 Chapman Jacky L Mobile infrared heater
US5282145A (en) * 1991-08-29 1994-01-25 Ronald Lipson Method of repair paint curing for production lines and apparatus
US6072160A (en) * 1996-06-03 2000-06-06 Applied Materials, Inc. Method and apparatus for enhancing the efficiency of radiant energy sources used in rapid thermal processing of substrates by energy reflection
US5960158A (en) * 1997-07-11 1999-09-28 Ag Associates Apparatus and method for filtering light in a thermal processing chamber
US5970214A (en) * 1998-05-14 1999-10-19 Ag Associates Heating device for semiconductor wafers
US5930456A (en) * 1998-05-14 1999-07-27 Ag Associates Heating device for semiconductor wafers
US6210484B1 (en) 1998-09-09 2001-04-03 Steag Rtp Systems, Inc. Heating device containing a multi-lamp cone for heating semiconductor wafers
WO2002022280A1 (en) * 2000-09-18 2002-03-21 Ecolab Inc. Portable radiation cure device
US6764719B2 (en) 2000-09-18 2004-07-20 Ecolab Inc. Portable radiation cure device
US20070271812A1 (en) * 2003-07-24 2007-11-29 Werner Swoboda Device for Hardening the Coating of an Object, Consisting of a Material That Hardens Under Electromagnetic Radiation, More Particularly an Uv Paint or a Thermally Hardening Paint

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK53499C (da) 1937-08-23
DE652027C (de) 1937-10-23
GB450617A (en) 1936-07-22
FR794031A (fr) 1936-02-06

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