US20240025919A1 - Aza-tetracyclic oxazepine compounds and uses thereof - Google Patents

Aza-tetracyclic oxazepine compounds and uses thereof Download PDF

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US20240025919A1
US20240025919A1 US18/199,449 US202318199449A US2024025919A1 US 20240025919 A1 US20240025919 A1 US 20240025919A1 US 202318199449 A US202318199449 A US 202318199449A US 2024025919 A1 US2024025919 A1 US 2024025919A1
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unsubstituted
substituted
alkyl
methyl
haloalkyl
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Matthew Leo LANDRY
Christian NILEWSKI
Michael Siu
Elisia Villemure
Yong Wang
BinQing Wei
Melissa Ann Ashley
Steven Do
Lewis John Gazzard
Samantha Alyson GREEN
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Genentech Inc
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Assigned to GENENTECH, INC. reassignment GENENTECH, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ASHLEY, Melissa Ann, WANG, YONG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D498/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D498/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
    • A61K31/553—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as ring hetero atoms, e.g. loxapine, staurosporine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis

Definitions

  • Ras is a small GTP-binding protein that functions as a nucleotide-dependent switch for central growth signaling pathways.
  • Ras is converted from a GDP-bound (Ras GDP ) to a GTP-bound (Ras GTP ) state, as catalyzed by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), notably the SOS1 protein.
  • GEFs guanine nucleotide exchange factors
  • Active Ras GTP mediates its diverse growth-stimulating functions through its direct interactions with effectors including Raf, PI3K, and Ra1 guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator.
  • the intrinsic GTPase activity of Ras then hydrolyzes GTP to GDP to terminate Ras signaling.
  • the Ras GTPase activity can be further accelerated by its interactions with GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), including the neurofibromin 1 tumor suppressor.
  • GAPs GTPase-activating proteins
  • Mutant Ras has a reduced GTPase activity, which prolongs its activated state, thereby promoting Ras-dependent signaling and cancer cell survival or growth. Mutation in Ras that affects its ability to interact with GAP or to convert GTP back to GDP will result in a prolonged activation of the protein and consequently a prolonged signal to the cell telling it to continue to grow and divide. Because these signals result in cell growth and division, overactive RAS signaling may ultimately lead to cancer. Mutations in any one of the three main isoforms of RAS (HRas, NRas, or KRas) genes are common events in human tumorigenesis. Among the three Ras isoforms (K, N, and H), KRas is most frequently mutated.
  • KRas mutations are found at residue G12 and G13 in the P-loop and at residue Q61.
  • G12D is a frequent mutation of KRas gene (glycine-12 to aspartate). Mutations of Ras in cancer are associated with poor prognosis. Inactivation of oncogenic Ras in mice results in tumor shrinkage. Thus, Ras is widely considered an oncology target of exceptional importance.
  • composition comprising a compound, stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein.
  • a method of treating a cancer comprising a KRas mutation comprising administering to a patient having such cancer, a compound, stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein.
  • a method for regulating activity of a KRas mutant protein comprising reacting the mutant protein with a compound, or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein.
  • a method for inhibiting proliferation of a cell population comprising contacting the cell population with a compound, or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein.
  • a method for inhibiting tumor metastasis comprising administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the compound or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition as described herein to a subject in need thereof.
  • a method for preparing a labeled KRas G12D mutant protein comprising reacting a KRas G12D mutant protein with a labeled compound or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described here to result in the labeled KRas G12D mutant protein.
  • FIG. 1 shows the pharmacokinetic profile of compounds 6, 7, 81 and 194, and comparator compound.
  • such compounds and compositions are inhibitors or modulators of mutant G12D KRas as provided herein.
  • the compounds and compositions described herein are useful in treating diseases and disorders mediated by mutant KRas, including KRas G12D mutations.
  • halogen and “halo” are used interchangeably and refer to F, Cl, Br or I. Additionally, terms such as “haloalkyl,” are meant to include monohaloalkyl, polyhaloalkyl, and perhaloalkyl.
  • alkyl refers to a saturated linear or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical.
  • the alkyl radical is one to eighteen carbon atoms (C 1-18 ).
  • the alkyl radical is C 1-12 , C 1-10 , C 1-8 , C 1-6 , C 1-5 , C 1-4 , or C 1-3 .
  • alkyl groups include methyl (Me, —CH 3 ), ethyl (Et, —CH 2 CH 3 ), 1-propyl (n-Pr, n-propyl, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ), 2-propyl (i-Pr, i-propyl, —CH(CH 3 ) 2 ), 1-butyl (n-Bu, n-butyl, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ), 2-methyl-1-propyl (i-Bu, i-butyl, —CH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 ), 2-butyl (s-Bu, s-butyl, —CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 3 ), 2-methyl-2-propyl (t-Bu, t-butyl, -C(CH 3 ) 3 ), 1-pentyl (n-pentyl, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ), 2-pentyl (—CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH
  • alkoxy refers to —O-alkyl
  • cyano or “nitrile” refers to —C ⁇ N or —CN.
  • haloalkoxy refers to —O-haloalkyl
  • hydroxy and “hydroxyl” refer to —OH.
  • an alkylidene radical is 1 to 6 carbons (C 1-6 ).
  • the alkylidene radical is C 1-3 , C 1-2 , or C 1 .
  • Exemplary alkylidenes include, but are not limited to, methylidene ( ⁇ CH 2 ), ethylidene ( ⁇ CHCH 3 ), and propylidene ( ⁇ CH—CH 2 —CH 3 ).
  • alkenyl refers to linear or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical with at least one carbon-carbon double bond, and includes radicals having “cis” and “trans” orientations, or alternatively, “E” and “Z” orientations.
  • the alkenyl radical is two to eighteen carbon atoms (C 2-18 ).
  • the alkenyl radical is C 2-12 , C 2-10 , C 2-8 , C 2-6 , or C 2-3 .
  • Examples include, but are not limited to, ethenyl or vinyl (—CH ⁇ CH 2 ), prop-1-enyl (—CH ⁇ CHCH 3 ), prop-2-enyl (—CH 2 CH ⁇ CH 2 ), 2-methylprop-1-enyl, but-1-enyl, but-2-enyl, but-3-enyl, buta-1,3-dienyl, 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene, hex-1-enyl, hex-2-enyl, hex-3-enyl, hex-4-enyl, and hexa-1,3-dienyl.
  • alkynyl refers to a linear or branched monovalent hydrocarbon radical with at least one carbon-carbon, triple bond.
  • the alkynyl radical is two to eighteen carbon atoms (C 2-18 ).
  • the alkynyl radical is C 2-12 , C 2-10 , C 2-8 , C 2-6 , or C 2-3 . Examples include, but are not limited to, ethynyl (—C—CH), prop-1-ynyl (—C—CCH 3 ), prop-2-ynyl (propargyl, —CH 2 C—CH), but-1-ynyl, but-2-ynyl, and but-3-ynyl.
  • alkylene refers to a saturated, branched, or straight chain hydrocarbon group having two monovalent radical centers derived by the removal of two hydrogen atoms from the same or two different carbon atoms of a parent alkane.
  • the divalent alkylene group is one to eighteen carbon atoms (C 1-18 ).
  • the divalent alkylene group is C 1-12 , C 1-10 , C 1-8 , C 1-6 , C 1-5 , C 1-4 , or C 1-3 .
  • Example alkylene groups include methylene (—CH 2 —), 1,1-ethyl (—CH(CH 3 )—), (1,2-ethyl (—CH 2 CH 2 —), 1,1-propyl (—CH(CH 2 CH 3 )—), 2,2-propyl (—C(CH 3 ) 2 —), 1,2-propyl (—CH(CH 3 )CH 2 —), 1,3-propyl (—CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —), 1,1-dimethyleth-1,2-yl (—C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 —), 1,4-butyl (—CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —), and the like.
  • cycloalkyl refers to a saturated hydrocarbon ring group. Cycloalkyl encompasses mono-, bi-, tricyclic, spiro and bridged, saturated ring systems. In one example, the cycloalkyl group is 3 to 12 carbon atoms (C 3-12 ). In other examples, cycloalkyl is C 3-4 , C 3-5 , C 3-7 , C 3-8 , C 3-10 , or C 5-10 . In other examples, the cycloalkyl group, as a monocycle, is C 3-4 , C 3-8 , C 3-6 , or C 5-6 . In another example, the cycloalkyl group, as a bicycle, is C 7 -C 12 .
  • the cycloalkyl group is C 5-12 .
  • monocyclic cycloalkyl include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl and cyclododecyl.
  • Exemplary arrangements of bicyclic cycloalkyls having 7 to 12 ring atoms include, but are not limited to, [4,4], [4,5], [5,5], [5,6] or [6,6] ring systems.
  • Exemplary bridged bicyclic cycloalkyls include, but are not limited to, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane and bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane.
  • Examples of spirocycloalkyl include, spiro[2.2]pentane, spiro[2.3]hexane, spiro[2.4]heptane, spiro[2.5]octane and spiro[4.5]decane.
  • heterocyclic group refers to any mono-, bi-, tricyclic, spiro or bridged, saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated, non-aromatic ring system, having 3 to 20 ring atoms, where the ring atoms are carbon, and at least one atom in the ring or ring system is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. If any ring atom of a cyclic system is a heteroatom, that system is a heterocycle, regardless of the point of attachment of the cyclic system to the rest of the molecule.
  • heterocyclyl includes 3-10 ring atoms (“members”) and includes monocycles, bicycles, tricycles, spiro, and bridged ring systems, wherein the ring atoms are carbon, where at least one atom in the ring or ring system is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.
  • heterocyclyl includes 4-10 or 5-10 ring atoms.
  • heterocyclyl includes 1 to 4 heteroatoms.
  • heterocyclyl includes 1 to 3 heteroatoms.
  • heterocyclyl includes 3—to 7-membered monocycles having 1-2, 1-3 or 1-4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.
  • heterocyclyl includes 4—to 6-membered monocycles having 1-2, 1-3 or 1-4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.
  • heterocyclyl includes 3-membered monocycles.
  • heterocyclyl includes 4-membered monocycles.
  • heterocyclyl includes 5-6 membered monocycles.
  • a heterocycloalkyl includes at least one nitrogen.
  • the heterocyclyl group includes 0 to 3 double bonds.
  • Any nitrogen or sulfur heteroatom may optionally be oxidized (e.g., NO, SO, SO 2 ), and any nitrogen heteroatom may optionally be quaternized (e.g., [NR 4 ] + Cl ⁇ , [NR 4 ]OH ⁇ ).
  • Example heterocycles are oxiranyl, aziridinyl, thiiranyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, 1,2-dithietanyl, 1,3-dithietanyl, pyrrolidinyl, dihydro-1H-pyrrolyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrothienyl, tetrahydrothienyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, 1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholinyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, hexahydrothiopyranyl, hexahydropyrimidinyl, oxazinanyl, thiazinanyl, thi
  • a heterocyclyl group or a heteroaryl group is attached at a carbon atom of the heterocyclyl group or the heteroaryl group.
  • carbon bonded heterocyclyl groups include bonding arrangements at position 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 of a pyridine ring, position 3, 4, 5, or 6 of a pyridazine ring, position 2, 4, 5, or 6 of a pyrimidine ring, position 2, 3, 5, or 6 of a pyrazine ring, position 2, 3, 4, or 5 of a furan, tetrahydrofuran, thiofuran, thiophene, pyrrole or tetrahydropyrrole ring, position 2, 4, or 5 of an oxazole, imidazole or thiazole ring, position 3, 4, or 5 of an isoxazole, pyrazole, or isothiazole ring, position 2 or 3 of an aziridine ring, position 2, 3, or 4 of an azetidine ring
  • the heterocyclyl group or heteroaryl group is N-attached.
  • nitrogen bonded heterocyclyl or heteroaryl groups include bonding arrangements at position 1 of an aziridine, azetidine, pyrrole, pyrrolidine, 2-pyrroline, 3-pyrroline, imidazole, imidazolidine, 2-imidazoline, 3-imidazoline, pyrazole, pyrazoline, 2-pyrazoline, 3-pyrazoline, piperidine, piperazine, indole, indoline, 1H-indazole, position 2 of a isoindole, or isoindoline, position 4 of a morpholine, and position 9 of a carbazole, or ⁇ -carboline.
  • “Fused” refers to any ring structure described herein that shares one or more atoms (e.g., carbon or nitrogen atoms) with an existing ring structure in the compounds described herein.
  • acyl refers to a carbonyl containing substituent represented by the formula —C( ⁇ O)—R in which R is a substituent such as hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and heterocyclyl are as defined herein.
  • Acyl groups include alkanoyl (e.g., acetyl), aroyl (e.g., benzoyl), and heteroaroyl (e.g., pyridinoyl).
  • haloalkyl refers to an alkyl chain in which one or more hydrogen has been replaced by a halogen. Examples of haloalkyls are trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, and fluoromethyl.
  • a substituted haloalkyl refers to a haloalkyl having a moiety other than a halogen.
  • An unsubstituted haloalkyl refers to a haloalkyl substituted with no moiety other than hydrogen or halogen as described herein.
  • wavy line “ ” that intersects a bond in a chemical structure indicate the point of attachment of the atom to which the wavy bond is connected in the chemical structure to the remainder of a molecule, or to the remainder of a fragment of a molecule.
  • divalent groups are described generically without specific bonding configurations. It is understood that the generic description is meant to include both bonding configurations, unless specified otherwise.
  • R 1 -R 2 -R 3 if the group R 2 is described as —CH 2 C(O)—, then it is understood that this group can be bonded both as R 1 —CH 2 C(O)—R 3 , and as R 1 —C(O)CH 2 —R 3 , unless specified otherwise.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable refers to molecular entities and compositions that do not produce an adverse, allergic or other untoward reaction when administered to an animal, such as, for example, a human, as appropriate.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable salts” include both acid and base addition salts.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt” refers to those salts which retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the free bases and which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable, formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, carbonic acid, phosphoric acid and the like, and organic acids may be selected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, araliphatic, heterocyclic, carboxylic, and sulfonic classes of organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, gluconic acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, aspartic acid, ascorbic acid, glutamic
  • base addition salts include those derived from inorganic bases such as sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, aluminum salts and the like. Particular base addition salts are the ammonium, potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium salts.
  • Salts derived from pharmaceutically acceptable organic nontoxic bases include salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, such as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, ethanolamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, tromethamine, dicyclohexylamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, caffeine, procaine, hydrabamine, choline, betaine, ethylenediamine, glucosamine, methylglucamine, theobromine, purines, piperazine, piperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, polyamine resins and the like.
  • Particular organic non-toxic bases include isopropylamine, diethylamine, ethanolamine, tromethamine, dicyclohexylamine, choline, and caffeine.
  • a salt is selected from a hydrochloride, hydrobromide, trifluoroacetate, sulfate, phosphate, acetate, fumarate, maleate, tartrate, lactate, citrate, pyruvate, succinate, oxalate, methanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, bisulfate, benzenesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, malonate, xinafoate, ascorbate, oleate, nicotinate, saccharinate, adipate, formate, glycolate, palmitate, L-lactate, D-lactate, aspartate, malate, L-tartrate, D-tartrate, stearate, furoate (e.g., 2-furoate or 3-furoate), napadisylate (naphthalene-1,5-disulfonate or naphthalene-1-(s
  • a “sterile” formulation is aseptic or free from all living microorganisms and their spores.
  • stereoisomers refer to compounds that have identical chemical constitution, but differ with regard to the arrangement of the atoms or groups in space. Stereoisomers include diastereomers, enantiomers, atropisomers, conformers and the like.
  • chiral refers to molecules that have the property of non-superimposability of the mirror image partner, while the term “achiral” refers to molecules which are superimposable on their mirror image partner.
  • diastereomer refers to a stereoisomer with two or more centers of chirality and whose molecules are not mirror images of one another. Diastereomers have different physical properties, e.g., melting points, boiling points, spectral properties or biological activities. Mixtures of diastereomers may separate under high resolution analytical procedures such as electrophoresis and chromatography such as HPLC.
  • enantiomers refers to two stereoisomers of a compound that are non-superimposable mirror images of one another.
  • atropisomers refers to two conformers resulting from hindered rotation about a single bond where the steric strain barrier to rotation can be high enough to allow for the isolation of the each conformer.
  • d and 1 or (+) and ( ⁇ ) are employed to designate the sign of rotation of plane-polarized light by the compound, with ( ⁇ ) or 1 meaning that the compound is levorotatory.
  • a compound prefixed with (+) or d is dextrorotatory.
  • these stereoisomers are identical except that they are mirror images of one another.
  • a specific stereoisomer may also be referred to as an enantiomer, and a mixture of such isomers is often called an enantiomeric mixture.
  • a 50:50 mixture of enantiomers is referred to as a racemic mixture or a racemate, which may occur where there has been no stereoselection or stereospecificity in a chemical reaction or process.
  • the terms “racemic mixture” and “racemate” refer to an equimolar mixture of two enantiomeric species, devoid of optical activity.
  • tautomer or “tautomeric form” refers to structural isomers of different energies that are interconvertible via a low energy barrier.
  • proton tautomers also known as prototropic tautomers
  • Valence tautomers include interconversions by reorganization of some of the bonding electrons.
  • solvate refers to an association or complex of one or more solvent molecules and a compound described herein.
  • solvents that form solvates include water, isopropanol, ethanol, methanol, DMSO, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, and ethanolamine.
  • Certain compounds described herein can exist in multiple crystalline or amorphous forms. In general, all physical forms are contemplated herein.
  • hydrate refers to the complex where the solvent molecule is water.
  • the compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof described herein also embrace isotopically-labeled compounds that are identical to those recited herein, but for the fact that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number usually found in nature. All isotopes of any particular atom or element as specified are contemplated herein, and their uses.
  • Exemplary isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof described herein include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine and iodine, such as 2 H, 3 H, 11 C, 13 C, 14 C, 13 N, 15 N, 15 O, 17 O, 18 O, 32 P, 33 p, 35 S, 18 F, 36 Cl, 123 I, and 125 I.
  • Certain isotopically-labeled compounds or pharmaceutical acceptable salts thereof described herein are useful in compound and/or substrate tissue distribution assays.
  • Tritiated (3H) and carbon-14 ( 14 C) isotopes are useful for their ease of preparation and detectability. Further, substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium (i.e., 2 H) may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability (e.g., increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements) and hence may be preferred in some circumstances.
  • Positron emitting isotopes such as 15 O, 13 N, 11 C and 18 F are useful for positron emission tomography (PET) studies to examine substrate receptor occupancy.
  • Isotopically labeled compounds or pharmaceutical acceptable salts thereof described herein can generally be prepared by following procedures analogous to those disclosed in the Examples herein below, by substituting an isotopically labeled reagent for a non-isotopically labeled reagent.
  • Compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof described herein may contain one or more asymmetric carbon atoms. Accordingly, the compounds may exist as diastereomers, enantiomers or mixtures thereof.
  • the syntheses of the compounds may employ racemates, diastereomers or enantiomers as starting materials or as intermediates. Mixtures of particular diastereomeric compounds may be separated, or enriched in one or more particular diastereomers, by chromatographic or crystallization methods. Similarly, enantiomeric mixtures may be separated, or enantiomerically enriched, using the same techniques or others known in the art.
  • Each of the asymmetric carbon or nitrogen atoms may be in the R or S configuration and both of these configurations are contemplated herein.
  • stereochemistry of any particular chiral atom is not specified, then all stereoisomers are contemplated and included. Where stereochemistry is specified by a solid wedge or dashed line representing a particular configuration, then that stereoisomer is so specified and defined. Unless otherwise specified, if solid wedges or dashed lines are used, relative stereochemistry is intended.
  • a “subject,” “individual,” or “patient” is a vertebrate and are used interchangeably herein.
  • the vertebrate is a mammal. Mammals include, but are not limited to, farm animals (such as cows), sport animals, pets (such as guinea pigs, cats, dogs, rabbits and horses), primates, mice and rats.
  • a mammal is a human.
  • the patient is typically in need thereof.
  • inhibiting includes any measurable decrease or complete inhibition to achieve a desired result. For example, there may be a decrease of about, at most about, or at least about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or more, or any range derivable therein, reduction of activity compared to normal.
  • treatment refers to clinical intervention designed to alter the natural course of the patient or cell being treated during the course of clinical pathology. Desirable effects of treatment include decreasing the rate of disease progression, ameliorating or palliating the disease state, and remission or improved prognosis.
  • a patient is successfully “treated” if one or more symptoms associated with a cancer described herein are mitigated or eliminated, including, but are not limited to, reducing the proliferation of (or destroying) cancerous cells, decreasing symptoms resulting from the disease, increasing the quality of life of those suffering from the disease, decreasing the dose of other medications required to treat the disease, and/or prolonging survival of patients.
  • the term “delaying progression” of a disease refers to deferring, hindering, slowing, retarding, stabilizing, and/or postponing development of a cancer described herein. This delay can be of varying lengths of time, depending on the history of the cancer and/or patient being treated. As is evident to one skilled in the art, a sufficient or significant delay can, in effect, encompass prevention, in that the patient does not develop cancer or relapse.
  • mutant KRas mediated disease refers to a disease described herein (e.g. a cancer described herein) having symptoms or requiring treatment as set forth herein that is/are wholly or partly associated with, a result of, a function of, or otherwise correlated to mutant KRas activity as described herein.
  • the mutant KRas is KRas G12D .
  • an “effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount” is at least the minimum amount required to effect a measurable improvement or prevention of a cancer described herein.
  • An effective amount herein may vary according to factors such as the disease state, age, sex, and weight of the patient, and the ability of the agent to elicit a desired response in the patient.
  • An effective amount is also one in which any toxic or detrimental effects of the treatment are outweighed by the therapeutically beneficial effects.
  • Beneficial or desired results include results such as eliminating or reducing the risk, lessening the severity, delaying the onset of the disease (including biochemical, histological and/or behavioral symptoms of the disease, its complications and intermediate pathological phenotypes presenting during development of the disease), decreasing one or more symptoms resulting from the disease, increasing the quality of life of those suffering from the disease, decreasing the dose of other medications required to treat the disease, enhancing effect of another medication such as via targeting, delaying the progression of the disease, and/or prolonging survival.
  • an effective amount of the drug may have the effect in reducing the number of cancer cells; reducing the tumor size; inhibiting (i.e., slow or stop) cancer cell infiltration into peripheral organs; inhibit (i.e., slow or stop) tumor metastasis; inhibiting (i.e., slow or stop) tumor growth; and/or relieving one or more of the symptoms associated with the disorder.
  • An effective amount can be administered in one or more administrations.
  • co-administration encompass administration of two or more agents to an animal, including humans, so that both agents and/or their metabolites are present in the subject at the same time.
  • Co-administration includes simultaneous administration in separate compositions, administration at different times (i.e. sequential administration) in separate compositions, or administration in a composition in which both agents are present.
  • package insert is used to refer to instructions customarily included in commercial packages of therapeutic products, that contain information about the indications, usage, dosage, administration, contraindications and/or warnings concerning the use of such therapeutic products.
  • antagonists are used interchangeably, and they refer to a compound having the ability to inhibit a biological function of a target protein, whether by inhibiting the activity or expression of the protein, such as a mutant form of KRas. Accordingly, the terms “antagonist” and “inhibitors” are defined in the context of the biological role of the target protein. While preferred antagonists herein specifically interact with (e.g., bind to) the target, compounds that inhibit a biological activity of the target protein by interacting with other members of the signal transduction pathway of which the target protein is a member are also specifically included within this definition. A preferred biological activity inhibited by an antagonist is associated with the development, growth, or spread of a tumor.
  • agonist refers to a compound having the ability to initiate or enhance a biological function of a target protein, whether by inhibiting the activity or expression of the target protein. Accordingly, the term “agonist” is defined in the context of the biological role of the target polypeptide. While preferred agonists herein specifically interact with (e.g., bind to) the target, compounds that initiate or enhance a biological activity of the target polypeptide by interacting with other members of the signal transduction pathway of which the target polypeptide is a member are also specifically included within this definition.
  • cancer and “cancerous”, “neoplasm”, and “tumor” and related terms are used interchangeably herein and refer to or describe the physiological condition in mammals that is typically characterized by unregulated cell growth.
  • a “tumor” comprises one or more cancerous cells. Examples of cancer include carcinoma, blastoma, sarcoma, seminoma, glioblastoma, melanoma, leukemia, and myeloid or lymphoid malignancies.
  • cancers include squamous cell cancer (e.g., epithelial squamous cell cancer) and lung cancer including small-cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (“NSCLC”), adenocarcinoma of the lung and squamous carcinoma of the lung.
  • squamous cell cancer e.g., epithelial squamous cell cancer
  • lung cancer including small-cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (“NSCLC”), adenocarcinoma of the lung and squamous carcinoma of the lung.
  • NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer
  • cancers include skin, keratoacanthoma, follicular carcinoma, hairy cell leukemia, buccal cavity, pharynx (oral), lip, tongue, mouth, salivary gland, esophageal, larynx, hepatocellular, gastric, stomach, gastrointestinal, small intestine, large intestine, pancreatic, cervical, ovarian, liver, bladder, hepatoma, breast, colon, rectal, colorectal, genitourinary, biliary passage, thyroid, papillary, hepatic, endometrial, uterine, salivary gland, kidney or renal, prostate, testis, vulval, peritoneum, anal, penile, bone, multiple myeloma, B-cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma (DLBCL), central nervous system, brain, head and neck, Hodgkin's, and associated metastases.
  • DLBCL diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma
  • neoplastic disorders include myeloproliferative disorders, such as polycythemia vera, essential thrombocytosis, myelofibrosis, such as primary myelofibrosis, and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).
  • myeloproliferative disorders such as polycythemia vera, essential thrombocytosis, myelofibrosis, such as primary myelofibrosis, and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).
  • chemotherapeutic agent is an agent useful in the treatment of a given disorder, for example, cancer or inflammatory disorders.
  • chemotherapeutic agents are well-known in the art. Additionally, chemotherapeutic agents include pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids or derivatives of any of chemotherapeutic agents, as well as combinations of two or more of them.
  • structures depicted herein are also meant to include compounds that differ only in the presence of one or more isotopically enriched atoms.
  • Exemplary isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof described herein, include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, and iodine, such as 2 H, 3 H, 11 C, 13 C, 14 C, 13 N, 15 N, 17 O, 18 O, 32 p, 33 p, 35 S, 18 F, 36 C, 123 I, and 125 I, respectively.
  • Isotopically-labeled compounds can be useful in compound or substrate tissue distribution assays. Tritiated (i.e., 3 H) and carbon-14 (i.e., 14 C) isotopes can be useful for their ease of preparation and detectability. Further, substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium (i.e., 2 H) may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability (e.g., increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements). In some embodiments, in compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof described herein, one or more carbon atoms are replaced by 13 C— or 14 C-enriched carbon.
  • Positron emitting isotopes such as 15 O, 13 N, 11 C, and 18 F are useful for positron emission tomography (PET) studies to examine substrate receptor occupancy.
  • Isotopically labeled compounds can generally be prepared by following procedures analogous to those disclosed in the Schemes or in the Examples herein, by substituting an isotopically labeled reagent for a non-isotopically labeled reagent.
  • any limitation discussed with respect to one embodiment provided herein may apply to any other embodiment provided herein.
  • any compound and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof described herein or composition described herein may be used in any method provided herein, and any method provided herein may be used to produce or to utilize any compound and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof described herein or composition described herein.
  • X is O or NR 6
  • n 1 or 2;
  • n 1 or 2;
  • n and m together make a 6— or 7-membered ring Ring A;
  • p 0, 1, or 2;
  • R 1 is R 7 -substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, R 7 -substituted or unsubstituted isoquinolinyl, R 7 -substituted or unsubstituted indazolyl, R 7 -substituted or unsubstituted indanyl, R 7 -substituted or unsubstituted benzothiazolyl, R 7A -substituted phenyl, or R 7A -substituted pyridinyl;
  • each R 7 is independently halogen, OH, NH 2 , N(Me) 2 , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkynyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkoxy, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl
  • each R 7A is independently halogen, CN, NH 2 , N(Me) 2 , R 7B -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, or unsubstituted cyclopropyl
  • R 7B is CN, oxo, or C 1-3 alkyl
  • L 1 is R L1 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 alkylene
  • R L1 is halogen or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or wherein two R L1 together form an unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl, or;
  • R 2 is R 9 -substituted or unsubstituted 4-10 membered heterocycle comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from N, S, or O
  • R 9 is independently halogen, CN, OH, OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , OCH 2 F, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkoxy, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylidene, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted 3 or 4-membered heterocycle; or wherein
  • R 9 together form a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 cycloalkyl or a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 heterocycle comprising one or more oxygen atoms; or wherein
  • two R 9 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl or heterocycle, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons;
  • each R 10 is independently hydrogen, oxo, CN, halogen, or C 1-3 unsubstituted alkyl;
  • R 3 is hydrogen, —CN, halogen, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted cyclopropyl; each R 4 is independently hydrogen, methyl, or C 1-3 haloalkyl;
  • R 5 is independently halogen, oxo, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl; or wherein
  • two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons and optionally one heteroatom selected from O and N; or two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises one of O or NR 11 ;
  • R 11 is hydrogen, C(O)CH 3 , or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl
  • R 6 is hydrogen, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 haloalkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkenyl; R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkynyl, or R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle
  • R 6A is halogen, CN, OR 6B , SR 6C , S(O) 2 R 6C , C(O)R 6B , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, or R 6B -substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle and
  • R 6B and R 6C are each independently C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 haloalkyl.
  • X is O or NR 6 .
  • n 1 or 2;
  • n 1 or 2;
  • n and m together make a 6— or 7-membered ring Ring A;
  • p 0, 1, or 2;
  • R 1 is R 7A -substituted phenyl or R 7A -substituted pyridinyl;
  • each R 7A is independently halogen, NH 2 , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl;
  • L 1 is R L1 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 alkylene
  • R L1 is halogen or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or wherein two R L1 together form an unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl;
  • R 2 is R 9 -substituted or unsubstituted 4-10 membered heterocycle comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from N, S, or O;
  • R 9 is independently halogen, CN, OH, OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , OCH 2 F, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkoxy, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylidene, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted 3 or 4-membered heterocycle; or wherein
  • two R 9 together form a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 cycloalkyl or a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 heterocycle comprising one or more oxygen atoms; or wherein two R 9 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl or heterocycle, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons;
  • each R 10 is independently hydrogen, oxo, CN, halogen, or C 1-3 unsubstituted alkyl;
  • R 3 is hydrogen, —CN, halogen, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted cyclopropyl; each R 4 is independently hydrogen, methyl, or C 1-3 haloalkyl;
  • R 5 is independently halogen, oxo, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl; or wherein
  • two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons and optionally one heteroatom selected from O and N; or
  • two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises one of O or NR 11 ;
  • R 11 is hydrogen, C(O)CH 3 , or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl
  • R 6 is hydrogen, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 haloalkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkenyl; R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkynyl, or R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle;
  • R 6A is halogen, CN, OR 6B , SR 6C , S(O) 2 R 6C , C(O)R 6B , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, or R 6B -substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle; and R 6B and R 6C are each independently C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 haloalkyl.
  • R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , X, m, and n are as described herein.
  • each R 4 is hydrogen. In another embodiment, one R 4 is hydrogen and one R 4 is methyl. In another embodiment, one R 4 is hydrogen and one R 4 is CF 3 .
  • R 1 is R 7 -substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, R 7 -substituted or unsubstituted isoquinolinyl, R 7 -substituted or unsubstituted indazolyl, R 7 -substituted or unsubstituted indanyl, or R 7 -substituted or unsubstituted benzothiazolyl.
  • R 1 is R 7 -substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, R 7 -substituted or unsubstituted isoquinolinyl, or R 7 -substituted or unsubstituted indazolyl. In another embodiment, R 1 is R 7 -substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl. In another embodiment, R 1 is R 7 -substituted or unsubstituted isoquinolinyl. In another embodiment, R 1 is R 7A -substituted phenyl or R 7A -substituted pyridinyl.
  • R 1 is R 7 -substituted naphthyl. In one such embodiment, R 1 is R 7 -substituted isoquinolinyl and each R 4 is hydrogen. In another embodiment, R 1 is R 7 -substituted naphthyl, R 7 -substituted isoquinolinyl, R 7 -substituted indazolyl, R 7 -substituted indanyl, R 7 -substituted benzothiazolyl, or R 7A -substituted phenyl. In such embodiments, each R 4 is hydrogen or one R 4 is hydrogen and one R 4 is methyl.
  • each R 7A is independently halogen, CN, NH 2 , N(Me) 2 , R 7B -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, or unsubstituted cyclopropyl.
  • each R 7A is independently halogen, NH 2 , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl.
  • at least one R 7A is NH 2 .
  • at least one other R 7A is unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, or halogen.
  • each R 7 is independently halogen, OH, NH 2 , N(Me) 2 , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkynyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkoxy, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl. In one embodiment, each R 7 is independently halogen, OH, NH 2 , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkynyl. In still another embodiment, at least one R 7 is NH 2 . In another embodiment, at least one R 7 is OH
  • R 1 is:
  • X 1 is N or CR 7C .
  • X 1 is N or CF and each R 7A is independently hydrogen, halogen, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl.
  • each R 7A is independently hydrogen, C 1 , methyl, ethyl, or CF 3 , where no more than one R 7A is hydrogen.
  • at least one R 7A is NH 2 .
  • each R 7A is independently halogen, NH 2 , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl.
  • one R 7A is cyclopropyl.
  • one R 7A is cyclopropyl and is para to the amino group. In another such embodiment, one R 7A is cyclopropyl and is meta to the amino group. In one embodiment, X 1 is N. In one embodiment, X 1 is CR 7C . In one such embodiment, R 7C is hydrogen or halogen.
  • R 1 is formula
  • X 1 is N or CR 7C and R 7C is hydrogen or halogen; each R 7A is independently halogen, CN, NH 2 , N(Me) 2 , R 7B -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, or unsubstituted cyclopropyl;
  • R 7B is CN, oxo, or C 1-3 alkyl
  • L 1 is R L1 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 alkylene
  • R L1 is halogen or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or wherein two R L1 together form an unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl;
  • R 2 is R 9 -substituted or unsubstituted 4-10 membered heterocycle comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from N, S, or O;
  • R 9 is independently halogen, CN, OH, OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , OCH 2 F, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkoxy, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylidene, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted 3 or 4-membered heterocycle; or wherein two R 9 together form a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 cycloalkyl or a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 heterocycle comprising one or more oxygen atoms; or wherein two R 9 together form a bridge between two carbon
  • each R 10 is independently hydrogen, oxo, CN, halogen, or C 1-3 unsubstituted alkyl;
  • R 3 is hydrogen, —CN, halogen, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted cyclopropyl;
  • each R 4 is independently hydrogen, methyl, or C 1-3 haloalkyl
  • R 5 is independently halogen, oxo, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl; or wherein
  • two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons and optionally one heteroatom selected from O and N; or
  • two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises one of O or NR 11 ;
  • R 11 is hydrogen, C(O)CH 3 , or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl
  • R 6 is hydrogen, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 haloalkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkenyl; R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkynyl, or R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle;
  • R 6A is halogen, CN, OR 6B , SR 6C , S(O) 2 R 6C , C(O)R 6B , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, or R 6B -substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle; and
  • R 6B and R 6C are each independently C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 haloalkyl.
  • X 1 is N and R 7A is hydrogen, halogen, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl. In another such embodiment, at least one R 7A is unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl (e.g. CF 3 ). Where X 1 is N, in some embodiments, R 1 comprises the moiety of formula (E1);
  • R 1 is of formula
  • each R 7A is independently halogen, CN, NH 2 , N(Me) 2 , R 7B -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, or unsubstituted cyclopropyl;
  • R 7B is CN, oxo, or C 1-3 alkyl
  • L 1 is R L1 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 alkylene
  • R L1 is halogen or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or wherein two R L1 together form an unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl;
  • R 2 is R 9 -substituted or unsubstituted 4-10 membered heterocycle comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from N, S, or O;
  • R 9 is independently halogen, CN, OH, OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , OCH 2 F, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkoxy, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylidene, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl,
  • R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted 3 or 4-membered heterocycle; or wherein two R 9 together form a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 cycloalkyl or a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 heterocycle comprising one or more oxygen atoms; or wherein
  • two R 9 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl or heterocycle, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons;
  • each R 10 is independently hydrogen, oxo, CN, halogen, or C 1-3 unsubstituted alkyl;
  • R 3 is hydrogen, —CN, halogen, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted cyclopropyl;
  • each R 4 is independently hydrogen, methyl, or C 1-3 haloalkyl
  • R 5 is independently halogen, oxo, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl; or wherein
  • two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons and optionally one heteroatom selected from O and N; or
  • two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises one of O or NR 11 ;
  • R 11 is hydrogen, C(O)CH 3 , or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl;
  • R 6 is hydrogen, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 haloalkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkenyl; R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkynyl, or R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle;
  • R 6A is halogen, CN, OR 6B , SR 6C , S(O) 2 R 6C , C(O)R 6B , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, or R 6B -substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle; and R 6B and R 6C are each independently C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 haloalkyl.
  • each R 7A is independently hydrogen, Cl, methyl, or CF 3 . In another such embodiment, each R 7A is independently hydrogen, methyl, or CF 3 .
  • R 1 is a moiety of formula (E) and X 1 is N, R 1 is.
  • R 1 comprises the moiety of formula (E2)
  • each R 7A is independently hydrogen, halogen, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl. In one such embodiment, no more than one R 7A is hydrogen. In another such embodiment, R 7A is not hydrogen. In one embodiment of the moieties (E2) and (3), at least one R 7A is halogen. In one embodiment of the moieties (E2) and (E3), at least one R 7A is unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl (e.g. CF 3 , CHF 2 , CF 2 CF 3 , CHCF 3 , or CH 2 CF 3 ).
  • each R 7A is independently hydrogen, halogen, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl;
  • L 1 is R L i-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 alkylene
  • R L1 is halogen or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or wherein two R L1 together form an unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl;
  • R 2 is R 9 -substituted or unsubstituted 4-10 membered heterocycle comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from N, S, or O;
  • R 9 is independently halogen, CN, OH, OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , OCH 2 F, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkoxy, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylidene, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted 3 or 4-membered heterocycle; or wherein
  • R 9 together form a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 cycloalkyl or a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 heterocycle comprising one or more oxygen atoms; or wherein
  • two R 9 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl or heterocycle, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons;
  • each R 10 is independently hydrogen, oxo, CN, halogen, or C 1-3 unsubstituted alkyl;
  • R 3 is hydrogen, —CN, halogen, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted cyclopropyl;
  • each R 4 is independently hydrogen, methyl, or C 1-3 haloalkyl
  • R 5 is independently halogen, oxo, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl; or wherein
  • two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons and optionally one heteroatom selected from O and N; or
  • two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises one of O or NR 11 ;
  • R 11 is hydrogen, C(O)CH 3 , or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl
  • R 6 is hydrogen, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 haloalkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkenyl; R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkynyl, or R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle;
  • R 6A is halogen, CN, OR 6B , SR 6C , S(O) 2 R 6C , C(O)R 6B , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, or R 6B -substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle; and
  • R 6B and R 6C are each independently C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 haloalkyl.
  • R 1 is:
  • L 1 is R L1 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 alkylene
  • R L1 is halogen or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or wherein two R 11 together form an unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl;
  • R 2 is R 9 -substituted or unsubstituted 4-10 membered heterocycle comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from N, S, or O;
  • R 9 is independently halogen, CN, OH, OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , OCH 2 F, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkoxy, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylidene, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl,
  • R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted 3 or 4-membered heterocycle; or wherein two R 9 together form a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 cycloalkyl or a R 10 -substituted or
  • the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons
  • each R 10 is independently hydrogen, oxo, CN, halogen, or C 1-3 unsubstituted alkyl;
  • R 3 is hydrogen, —CN, halogen, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted cyclopropyl;
  • each R 4 is independently hydrogen, methyl, or C 1-3 haloalkyl
  • R 5 is independently halogen, oxo, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl; or wherein
  • two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons and optionally one heteroatom selected from O and N; or two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises one of O or NR 11 ;
  • R 11 is hydrogen, C(O)CH 3 , or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl
  • R 6 is hydrogen, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 haloalkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkenyl; R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkynyl, or R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle;
  • R 6A is halogen, CN, OR 6B , SR 6C , S(O) 2 R 6C , C(O)R 6B , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, or R 6B -substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle; and
  • R 6B and R 6C are each independently C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 haloalkyl.
  • R 1 is:
  • R 1 is:
  • L 1 is R L1 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 alkylene
  • R L1 is halogen or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or wherein two R L1 together form an unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl;
  • R 2 is R 9 -substituted or unsubstituted 4-10 membered heterocycle comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from N, S, or O;
  • R 9 is independently halogen, CN, OH, OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , OCH 2 F, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkoxy, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylidene, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl,
  • R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted 3 or 4-membered heterocycle; or wherein two R 9 together form a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 cycloalkyl or a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 heterocycle comprising one or more oxygen atoms; or wherein
  • two R 9 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl or heterocycle, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons;
  • each R 10 is independently hydrogen, oxo, CN, halogen, or C 1-3 unsubstituted alkyl;
  • R 3 is hydrogen, —CN, halogen, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted cyclopropyl;
  • each R 4 is independently hydrogen, methyl, or C 1-3 haloalkyl
  • R 5 is independently halogen, oxo, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl; or wherein
  • two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons and optionally one heteroatom selected from O and N; or
  • two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises one of O or NR 11 ;
  • R 11 is hydrogen, C(O)CH 3 , or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl
  • R 6 is hydrogen, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 haloalkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkenyl; R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkynyl, or R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle;
  • R 6A is halogen, CN, OR 6B , SR 6C , S(O) 2 R 6C , C(O)R 6B , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, or R 6B -substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle; and
  • R 6B and R 6C are each independently C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 haloalkyl.
  • R 1 is:
  • R 1 is not a formula of F, F1, F2, F3, F4, or F5 and is a monocylic ring.
  • R 1 is a moiety of formula (F), (F1), (F2), or (F3), wherein t is 0, 1, 2, or 3. In one embodiment, t is 1 or 2. In another embodiment, t is 3.
  • R 1 is:
  • R 1 is:
  • R is:
  • R 7 is halogen, NH 2 , OH, C 1-3 alkyl, or C 2-3 alkynyl.
  • R 2 is R 9 -substituted or unsubstituted 4-10 membered heterocycle comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from N or O.
  • R 2 is R 9 -substituted or unsubstituted 4-10 membered heterocycle comprising one or more nitrogen heteroatoms.
  • R 2 is R 9 -substituted or unsubstituted 5-8 membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen heteroatom.
  • each R 9 is independently halogen, CN, OH, OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , OCH 2 F, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkoxy, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylidene, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted 3 or 4-membered heterocycle.
  • each R 9 is independently halogen, CN, OH, OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , or OCH 2 F. In another such embodiment, each R 9 is independently halogen, CN, OH, OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , OCH 2 F, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkoxy, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylidene.
  • each R 9 is independently R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkoxy, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylidene.
  • each R 9 is independently halogen, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted 3 or 4-membered heterocycle.
  • two R 9 together form a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -s cycloalkyl or a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-s heterocycle comprising one or more oxygen atoms.
  • two R 9 together form an unsubstituted cyclopropyl moiety.
  • two R 9 together form an unsubstituted oxetanyl or azetidinyl.
  • two R 9 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl or heterocycle, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons.
  • the bridge comprises one carbon atom.
  • the bridge comprises 2 carbon atoms.
  • R 9 is halogen or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylidene.
  • R 2 is
  • R 9 is independently halogen or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylidene
  • each R 10 is independently hydrogen or halogen
  • r is 1 or 2.
  • R 2 is a moiety of formula:
  • R 2 is a moiety of formula:
  • R 2 is a moiety of formula:
  • each R 9 is independently halogen or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl.
  • R 2 is a moiety of formula:
  • R 2 is
  • R 9 is independently halogen, oxo, or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl
  • r is 1 or 2.
  • R 2 is
  • R 2 is
  • R 2 is
  • R 2 is
  • X 2 is CR 9 or O. In one embodiment, X 2 is O. In one such embodiment, X 2 is O and r is 0.
  • R 2 is
  • X 3 is CR 9 , NR 9 , or O.
  • R 2 is a moiety of formula (D), where X 3 is CR 9 , wherein R 9 is as described herein. In one such embodiment, X 3 is CH 2 or CF 2 . In another such embodiment, R 2 is a moiety of formula (D) or (D1) and X 3 is O. In one embodiment, R 2 is a moiety of formula (D), X 3 is O and R 9 is unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl or halogen. In another embodiment, R 2 is a moiety of formula (D) X 3 is NR 9 , and R 9 is oxo or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl.
  • R 2 is
  • r is O or 1.
  • L 1 is methylene. In one embodiment, R 2 is as described herein and L 1 is methylene. In another embodiment, L 1 is R L1 -substituted or unsubstituted C 2-3 alkylene. In one such embodiment, L 1 is unsubstituted C 2-3 alkylene. In another such embodiment, L 1 is R L1 -substituted C 2-3 alkylene, where two RY together form an unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl. In one such embodiment, L 1 has the formula:
  • R 3 is halogen. In another embodiment, R 3 is —CN.
  • each R 5 is independently halogen, oxo, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl. In one such embodiment, each R 5 is independently unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl. In some embodiments, p is O or 1.
  • two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons and optionally one heteroatom selected from O and N. In one such embodiment, two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons. In one such embodiment, the bridge comprises 1 or 2 carbon atoms. In another such embodiment, the bridge comprises 1 carbon atom. In another such embodiment, the bridge comprises 2 carbon atoms.
  • two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises one of 0 or NR 11 .
  • the bridge comprises an 0 heteroatom.
  • the bridge comprises NR 11 where R 11 is hydrogen or methyl.
  • Ring A is a 6 membered ring (i.e. where m and n are both 1). In one embodiment, Ring A is a 7-membered ring where m is 2 and n is 1. In another embodiment, Ring A is a 7-membered ring where m is 1 and n is 2. In one embodiment, X is NR 6 , where R 6 is as described herein.
  • R 6 is hydrogen or R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl. In one embodiment, R 6 is R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl. In one embodiment, R 6 is hydrogen. In one embodiment, R 6 is methyl.
  • R 6 is R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 haloalkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkenyl; R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkynyl.
  • R 6A is halogen, CN, OR 6B , SR 6C , S(O) 2 R 6C , C(O)R 6B , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, or R 6B -substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle.
  • R 6A is halogen, CN, OH, OMe, OEt, OCF 3 , SO 2 Me, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or 4-membered heterocycle.
  • each R 6B is are each independently C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 haloalkyl. In one such embodiment, R 6B is independently C 1-3 alkyl.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , X, L 1 , and p are as described herein.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , X, and p are as described herein.
  • R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , X, and p are as described herein.
  • the compound of formula (IId) or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprises formula (IId-1),
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 7A , X, X 1 , and p are as described herein.
  • the compound of formula (IId) or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprises formula (IId-2),
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 7A , X, and p are as described herein.
  • the compound of formula (IId) or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprises formula (IId-3),
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 7A , X, and p are as described herein.
  • the compound of formula (IId) or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprises formula (IId-4),
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 7A , X, and p are as described herein.
  • the compound of formula (IId) or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprises formula (IId-5),
  • X is NH or N(CH 3 ).
  • R 1 is a moiety of formula for (E), (E1), (E2), (E3), (F), (F1), (F2), (F3), (F4), or (F5) as described herein.
  • R 2 is a moiety of formula (A), (A-1), (A-2), (A-3), (A-4), (B), (C), (D), or (D1) as described herein.
  • R 2 comprises a moiety of formula:
  • the compound, stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein comprises formula (IId) as described herein.
  • the compound, stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein comprises formula (IId-1), (IId-2), (IId-3), (IId-4), or (IId-5), as described herein.
  • R 2 comprises a moiety of formula:
  • the compound, stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein comprises formula (IId) as described herein.
  • the compound, stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein comprises formula (IId-1), (IId-2), (IId-3), (IId-4), or (IId-5), as described herein.
  • the compound of formula (I) as described herein has formula:
  • X is N R 6 , where R 6 is hydrogen or R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl.
  • In one embodiment is a compound selected from compounds 1-36, 38-45, 47-62, 64-108, 110-146, and 149-291 in Table 1 or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • In one embodiment is a compound selected from compounds 1-36, 38-45, 47-62, 64-108, and 110-125 in Table 1 or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • In one embodiment is a compound selected from compounds 126-146 and 149-291 in Table 1 or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • In one embodiment is a compound selected from compounds 6, 15, 24, 26, 29, 31-32, 57-59, 61-62, 64-66, 75-76, 91, 96, 104, 106, 111, 113, 118-124, 126-146, 149-156, 158-175, 181, 183, 186, 190-192, 195, 200, 204, 224-225, 228-229, 232-239, 241, 244-250, 255, 258-259, and 263 in Table 1 or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • In one embodiment is a compound selected from compounds 6, 12-18, 23-24, 26, 29, 31-36, 57-58, 60-62, 64-77, 90-97, 100-102, 104, 108, 111, 113, 115, 118-146, 149-175, 181-183, 186-187, 190, 195, 200, 204, 224-232, 234-239, 241, 244-250, 255, 258-259, and 263 in Table 1 or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • In one embodiment is a compound selected from compounds 6, 13-14, 16-18, 23-24, 26, 29, 31-34, 36, 57-62, 64-72, 74, 76, 91-104, 106-108, 111, 113, 115, 117-146, 149-154, 157, 159-174, 199, 200, 224-229, 234-241, 244-249, 255, 258-259, and 263 in Table 1 or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • In one embodiment is a compound selected from compounds 6, 12-18, 23-24, 26, 29, 31-36, 42-45, 47-48, 52, 57-58, 60-78, 84-88, 90-97, 100-104, 106, 108, 111-113, 115, 118-146, 149-175, 177-178, 181-183, 185-187, 189-192, 194-195, 197-200, 203-232, 234-250, and 252-291 in Table 1 or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • In one embodiment is a compound selected from compounds 6, 13-14, 16-18, 23-24, 26, 29, 31-34, 36, 42-45, 47-48, 52, 57-62, 64-72, 74, 76, 84-88, 91-104, 106-108, 111, 113, 115, 117-146, 149-154, 157, 159-174, 199, 200, 224-229, 234-241, 244-249, 255, 258-259, and 263 in Table 1 or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • In one embodiment is a compound selected from compounds 42-45, 47-48, and 52 in Table 1 or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • In one embodiment is a compound selected from compounds 112, 205-218, 242-243, 252-254, 261-262, and 264-291 in Table 1 or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Synthetic chemistry transformations and protecting group methodologies useful in synthesizing compounds described herein and necessary reagents and intermediates include, for example, those described in R. Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers (1989); T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3 rd Ed., John Wiley and Sons (1999); and L. Paquette, ed., Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1995) and subsequent editions thereof.
  • Compounds or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein described herein can be prepared singly or as compound libraries comprising at least 2, for example 5 to 1,000 compounds, or 10 to 100 compounds.
  • Libraries of compounds or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein of the formulae described herein can be prepared by a combinatorial split and mix approach or by multiple parallel syntheses using, for example, either solution phase or solid phase chemistry.
  • a compound library comprising at least 2 compounds or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein.
  • the Examples provide exemplary methods for preparing compounds or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein.
  • Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other synthetic routes can be used to synthesize the compounds or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein described herein.
  • specific starting materials and reagents are depicted and discussed in the Examples, other starting materials and reagents can be substituted to provide a variety of derivatives and/or reaction conditions.
  • many of the exemplary compounds prepared by the described methods can be further modified in light of this disclosure using conventional chemistry.
  • Suitable amino-protecting groups include acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, t-butoxycarbonyl (BOC), benzyloxycarbonyl (CBz) and 9-fluorenylmethyleneoxycarbonyl (Fmoc).
  • BOC t-butoxycarbonyl
  • CBz benzyloxycarbonyl
  • Fmoc 9-fluorenylmethyleneoxycarbonyl
  • reaction products from one another and/or from starting materials.
  • the desired products of each step or series of steps is separated and/or purified to the desired degree of homogeneity by the techniques common in the art. Typically such separations involve multiphase extraction, crystallization from a solvent or solvent mixture, distillation, sublimation, or chromatography.
  • Chromatography can involve any number of methods including, for example: reverse-phase and normal phase; size exclusion; ion exchange; high, medium and low pressure liquid chromatography methods and apparatus; small scale analytical; simulated moving bed (SMB) and preparative thin or thick layer chromatography, as well as techniques of small scale thin layer and flash chromatography.
  • reverse-phase and normal phase size exclusion
  • ion exchange high, medium and low pressure liquid chromatography methods and apparatus
  • small scale analytical small scale analytical
  • SMB simulated moving bed
  • preparative thin or thick layer chromatography as well as techniques of small scale thin layer and flash chromatography.
  • reagents selected to bind to or render otherwise separable a desired product, unreacted starting material, reaction by product, or the like.
  • reagents include adsorbents or absorbents such as activated carbon, molecular sieves, ion exchange media, or the like.
  • the reagents can be acids in the case of a basic material, bases in the case of an acidic material, binding reagents such as antibodies, binding proteins, selective chelators such as crown ethers, liquid/liquid ion extraction reagents (LIX), or the like.
  • Diastereomeric mixtures can be separated into their individual diastereomers on the basis of their physical chemical differences by methods such as by chromatography and/or fractional crystallization.
  • Enantiomers can be separated by converting the enantiomeric mixture into a diastereomeric mixture by reaction with an appropriate optically active compound (e.g., chiral auxiliary such as a chiral alcohol or Mosher's acid chloride), separating the diastereomers and converting (e.g., hydrolyzing) the individual diastereoisomers to the corresponding pure enantiomers.
  • an appropriate optically active compound e.g., chiral auxiliary such as a chiral alcohol or Mosher's acid chloride
  • some of the compounds or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein described herein can be atropisomers (e.g., substituted biaryls). Enantiomers can also be separated by use of a chiral HPLC column.
  • a single stereoisomer, e.g., an enantiomer, substantially free of its stereoisomer can be obtained by resolution of the racemic mixture using a method such as formation of diastereomers using optically active resolving agents (Eliel, E. and Wilen, S. “Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds,” John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1994; Lochmuller, C. H., (1975) J. Chromatogr., 113(3):283-302).
  • Racemic mixtures of chiral compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof described herein can be separated and isolated by any suitable method, including: (1) formation of ionic, diastereomeric salts with chiral compounds and separation by fractional crystallization or other methods, (2) formation of diastereomeric compounds with chiral derivatizing reagents, separation of the diastereomers, and conversion to the pure stereoisomers, and (3) separation of the substantially pure or enriched stereoisomers directly under chiral conditions. See: “Drug Stereochemistry, Analytical Methods and Pharmacology,” Irving W. Wainer, Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York (1993).
  • diastereomeric salts can be formed by reaction of enantiomerically pure chiral bases such as brucine, quinine, ephedrine, strychnine, a-methyl-b-phenylethylamine (amphetamine), and the like with asymmetric compounds bearing acidic functionality, such as carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid.
  • the diastereomeric salts can be induced to separate by fractional crystallization or ionic chromatography.
  • addition of chiral carboxylic or sulfonic acids such as camphorsulfonic acid, tartaric acid, mandelic acid, or lactic acid can result in formation of the diastereomeric salts.
  • the substrate to be resolved is reacted with one enantiomer of a chiral compound to form a diastereomeric pair
  • a diastereomeric pair E. and Wilen, S. “Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1994, p. 322.
  • Diastereomeric compounds can be formed by reacting asymmetric compounds with enantiomerically pure chiral derivatizing reagents, such as menthyl derivatives, followed by separation of the diastereomers and hydrolysis to yield the pure or enriched enantiomer.
  • a method of determining optical purity involves making chiral esters, such as a menthyl ester, e.g., ( ⁇ ) menthyl chloroformate in the presence of base, or Mosher ester, a-methoxy-a-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl acetate (Jacob III. J. Org. Chem. (1982) 47:4165), of the racemic mixture, and analyzing the 1 H NMR spectrum for the presence of the two atropisomeric enantiomers or diastereomers.
  • chiral esters such as a menthyl ester, e.g., ( ⁇ ) menthyl chloroformate in the presence of base, or Mosher ester, a-methoxy-a-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl acetate (Jacob III. J. Org. Chem. (1982) 47:4165), of the racemic mixture, and analyzing the 1 H NMR spectrum for the presence of the two atropis
  • Stable diastereomers of atropisomeric compounds can be separated and isolated by normal- and reverse-phase chromatography following methods for separation of atropisomeric naphthyl-isoquinolines (WO 96/15111).
  • a racemic mixture of two enantiomers can be separated by chromatography using a chiral stationary phase (“Chiral Liquid Chromatography” (1989) W. J. Lough, Ed., Chapman and Hall, New York; Okamoto, J. Chromatogr., (1990) 513:375-378).
  • Enriched or purified enantiomers can be distinguished by methods used to distinguish other chiral molecules with asymmetric carbon atoms, such as optical rotation and circular dichroism.
  • compositions comprising compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • compositions comprising a compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein as described herein and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • a typical formulation is prepared by mixing a compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein and an excipient.
  • Suitable carriers, diluents and excipients include, but are not limited to, materials such as carbohydrates, waxes, water soluble and/or swellable polymers, hydrophilic or hydrophobic materials, gelatin, oils, solvents, water and the like. The particular excipient used will depend upon the means and purpose for which the compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein is being applied.
  • Solvents are generally selected based on solvents recognized as safe (GRAS) to be administered to a mammal.
  • safe solvents are non-toxic aqueous solvents such as water and other non-toxic solvents that are soluble or miscible in water.
  • Suitable aqueous solvents include water, ethanol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols (e.g., PEG 400, PEG 300), etc. and mixtures thereof.
  • the formulations can also include one or more buffers, stabilizing agents, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricating agents, emulsifiers, suspending agents, preservatives, antioxidants, opaquing agents, glidants, processing aids, colorants, sweeteners, perfuming agents, flavoring agents and other known additives to provide an elegant presentation of the drug (i.e., a compound described herein or pharmaceutical composition thereof) or aid in the manufacturing of the pharmaceutical product (i.e., medicament).
  • the formulations can be prepared using conventional dissolution and mixing procedures.
  • the bulk drug substance i.e., compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein or stabilized form thereof (e.g., complex with a cyclodextrin derivative or other known complexation agent) is dissolved in a suitable solvent in the presence of one or more of the excipients described above.
  • the compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein as described herein is typically formulated into pharmaceutical dosage forms to provide an easily controllable dosage of the drug and to enable patient compliance with the prescribed regimen.
  • the pharmaceutical composition (or formulation) for application can be packaged in a variety of ways depending upon the method used for administering the drug.
  • an article for distribution includes a container having deposited therein the pharmaceutical formulation in an appropriate form.
  • Suitable containers include materials such as bottles (plastic and glass), sachets, ampoules, plastic bags, metal cylinders, and the like.
  • the container can also include a tamper-proof assemblage to prevent indiscreet access to the contents of the package.
  • the container has deposited thereon a label that describes the contents of the container. The label can also include appropriate warnings.
  • compositions of the compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein can be prepared for various routes and types of administration.
  • a compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof having the desired degree of purity can optionally be mixed with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients (Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (1980) 16 th edition, Osol, A. Ed.), in the form of a lyophilized formulation, milled powder, or an aqueous solution.
  • Formulation can be conducted by mixing at ambient temperature at the appropriate pH, and at the desired degree of purity, with physiologically acceptable carriers, i.e., carriers that are non-toxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed.
  • physiologically acceptable carriers i.e., carriers that are non-toxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed.
  • the pH of the formulation depends mainly on the particular use and the concentration of compound, but can range from about 3 to about 8.
  • formulation in an acetate buffer at pH 5 can be a suitable embodiment.
  • the pharmaceutical composition ordinarily can be stored as a solid composition, a lyophilized formulation or as an aqueous solution.
  • compositions described herein can be formulated, dosed and administered in a fashion, i.e., amounts, concentrations, schedules, course, vehicles and route of administration, consistent with good medical practice.
  • Factors for consideration in this context include the particular disorder being treated, the particular mammal being treated, the clinical condition of the individual patient, the cause of the disorder, the site of delivery of the agent, the method of administration, the scheduling of administration, and other factors known to medical practitioners.
  • the effective amount of the compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to be administered will be governed by such considerations, and is the minimum amount necessary to ameliorate, or treat the hyperproliferative disorder.
  • the initial pharmaceutically effective amount of the compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered parenterally per dose will be in the range of about 0.01-100 mg/kg, namely about 0.1 to 20 mg/kg of patient body weight per day, with the typical initial range of compound used being 0.3 to 15 mg/kg/day.
  • a pharmaceutical composition described herein comprises an effective amount of a compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein in an amount of about: 1 mg-10 mg; 10 mg-25 mg; 20 mg-50 mg; 50 mg-75 mg; 70 mg-100 mg; 100 mg-150 mg; 100 mg-200 mg; 100 mg-500 mg; 200 mg-500 mg; 250 mg-500 mg; 500 mg-1000 mg; or 750 mg-1000 mg.
  • Acceptable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients are nontoxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid and methionine; preservatives (such as octadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride; hexamethonium chloride; benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride; phenol, butyl or benzyl alcohol; alkyl parabens such as methyl or propyl paraben; catechol; resorcinol; cyclohexanol; 3-pentanol; and m-cresol); low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, histidine, arginine, or
  • the active pharmaceutical ingredients can also be entrapped in microcapsules prepared, for example, by coacervation techniques or by interfacial polymerization, for example, hydroxymethylcellulose or gelatin-microcapsules and poly-(methylmethacylate) microcapsules, respectively, in colloidal drug delivery systems (for example, liposomes, albumin microspheres, microemulsions, nano-particles and nanocapsules) or in macroemulsions.
  • colloidal drug delivery systems for example, liposomes, albumin microspheres, microemulsions, nano-particles and nanocapsules
  • sustained-release preparations of compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as described herein may be prepared.
  • suitable examples of sustained-release preparations include semipermeable matrices of solid hydrophobic polymers containing a compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein, which matrices are in the form of shaped articles, e.g., 15 films, or microcapsules.
  • sustained-release matrices include polyesters, hydrogels (for example, poly(2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate), or poly(vinyl alcohol)), polylactides (U.S. Pat. No.
  • copolymers of L-glutamic acid and gamma-ethyl-L-glutamate non-degradable ethylene-vinyl acetate
  • degradable lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymers such as the LUPRON DEPOTO (injectable microspheres composed of lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer and leuprolide acetate) and poly-D-( ⁇ )-3-hydroxybutyric acid.
  • the formulations include those suitable for the administration routes detailed herein.
  • the formulations can conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and can be prepared by any methods. Techniques and formulations generally are found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA). Such methods include the step of bringing into association the active ingredient with the carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. In general the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active ingredient with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product.
  • Formulations of a compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein suitable for oral administration can be prepared as discrete units such as pills, capsules, cachets or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of such compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Compressed tablets can be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine the active ingredient in a free-flowing form such as a powder or granules, optionally mixed with a binder, lubricant, inert diluent, preservative, surface active or dispersing agent.
  • Molded tablets can be made by molding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered active ingredient moistened with an inert liquid diluent.
  • the tablets can optionally be coated or scored and optionally are formulated so as to provide slow or controlled release of the active ingredient therefrom.
  • Tablets, troches, lozenges, aqueous or oil suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsions, hard or soft capsules, e.g., gelatin capsules, syrups or elixirs can be prepared for oral use.
  • Formulations of compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as described herein intended for oral use can be prepared according to any method for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such compositions can contain one or more agents including sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preserving agents, in order to provide a palatable preparation. Tablets containing the active ingredient in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipient which are suitable for manufacture of tablets are acceptable.
  • excipients can be, for example, inert diluents, such as calcium or sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, such as maize starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, such as starch, gelatin or acacia; and lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. Tablets can be uncoated or can be coated by known techniques including microencapsulation to delay disintegration and adsorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period. For example, a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate alone or with a wax can be employed.
  • inert diluents such as calcium or sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium or sodium phosphate
  • granulating and disintegrating agents such as maize starch, or alginic acid
  • binding agents such as starch, ge
  • the formulations are preferably applied as a topical ointment or cream containing the active ingredient(s) in an amount of, for example, 0.075 to 20% W/W.
  • the active ingredients can be employed with either a paraffinic or a water-miscible ointment base.
  • the active ingredients can be formulated in a cream with an oil-in-water cream base.
  • the aqueous phase of the cream base can include a polyhydric alcohol, i.e., an alcohol having two or more hydroxyl groups such as propylene glycol, butane 1,3-diol, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol and polyethylene glycol (including PEG 400) and mixtures thereof.
  • the topical formulations can desirably include a compound which enhances absorption or penetration of the active ingredient through the skin or other affected areas. Examples of such dermal penetration enhancers include dimethyl sulfoxide and related analogs.
  • the oily phase of the emulsions of compositions provided herein can be constituted from known ingredients in a known manner.
  • the phase can comprise merely an emulsifier, it desirably comprises a mixture of at least one emulsifier with a fat or an oil or with both a fat and an oil.
  • a hydrophilic emulsifier is included together with a lipophilic emulsifier which acts as a stabilizer. It is also preferred to include both an oil and a fat.
  • the emulsifier(s) with or without stabilizer(s) make up the so-called emulsifying wax, and the wax together with the oil and fat make up the so-called emulsifying ointment base which forms the oily dispersed phase of the cream formulations.
  • Emulsifiers and emulsion stabilizers suitable for use in the formulation of described herein include Tween® 60, Span® 80, cetostearyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, glyceryl mono-stearate and sodium lauryl sulfate.
  • Aqueous suspensions comprising a compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein can contain the active materials in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions.
  • Such excipients include a suspending agent, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, croscarmellose, povidone, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia, and dispersing or wetting agents such as a naturally occurring phosphatide (e.g., lecithin), a condensation product of an alkylene oxide with a fatty acid (e.g., polyoxyethylene stearate), a condensation product of ethylene oxide with a long chain aliphatic alcohol (e.g., heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol), a condensation product of ethylene oxide with a partial ester derived from a fatty acid and a hexitol anhydride (e.g., polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate).
  • a suspending agent such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, croscarmellose, povidone, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl
  • the aqueous suspension can also contain one or more preservatives such as ethyl or n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, one or more coloring agents, one or more flavoring agents and one or more sweetening agents, such as sucrose or saccharin.
  • preservatives such as ethyl or n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate
  • coloring agents such as a coloring agent
  • flavoring agents such as sucrose or saccharin.
  • sweetening agents such as sucrose or saccharin.
  • compositions of a compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein can be in the form of a sterile injectable preparation, such as a sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension.
  • a sterile injectable preparation such as a sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension.
  • This suspension can be formulated using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents which have been mentioned above.
  • the sterile injectable preparation can also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, such as a solution in 1,3-butanediol or prepared as a lyophilized powder.
  • Suitable vehicles and solvents that can be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
  • sterile fixed oils can conventionally be employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
  • any bland fixed oil can be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides.
  • fatty acids such as oleic acid can likewise be used in the preparation of injectables.
  • a time-release formulation intended for oral administration to humans can contain approximately 1 to 1000 mg of active material compounded with an appropriate and convenient amount of carrier material which can vary from about 5 to about 95% of the total compositions (weight:weight(w/w)).
  • the pharmaceutical composition can be prepared to provide easily measurable amounts for administration.
  • an aqueous solution intended for intravenous infusion can contain from about 3 to 500 ⁇ g of the active ingredient per milliliter of solution in order that infusion of a suitable volume at a rate of about 30 mL/hr can occur.
  • Formulations suitable for parenteral administration include aqueous and non-aqueous sterile injection solutions which can contain anti-oxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which can include suspending agents and thickening agents.
  • Formulations suitable for topical administration to the eye also include eye drops wherein the active ingredient is dissolved or suspended in a suitable carrier, especially an aqueous solvent for the active ingredient.
  • the active ingredient is preferably present in such formulations in a concentration of about 0.5 to 20% w/w, for example about 0.5 to 10% w/w, for example about 1.5% w/w.
  • Formulations suitable for topical administration in the mouth include lozenges comprising the active ingredient in a flavored basis, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth; pastilles comprising the active ingredient in an inert basis such as gelatin and glycerin, or sucrose and acacia; and mouthwashes comprising the active ingredient in a suitable liquid carrier.
  • Formulations for rectal administration can be presented as a suppository with a suitable base comprising for example cocoa butter or a salicylate.
  • Formulations suitable for intrapulmonary or nasal administration have a particle size for example in the range of 0.1 to 500 microns (including particle sizes in a range between 0.1 and 500 microns in increments microns such as 0.5, 1, 30 microns, 35 microns, etc.), which is administered by rapid inhalation through the nasal passage or by inhalation through the mouth so as to reach the alveolar sacs.
  • Suitable formulations include aqueous or oily solutions of the active ingredient.
  • Formulations suitable for aerosol or dry powder administration can be prepared according to conventional methods and can be delivered with other therapeutic agents such as compounds heretofore used in the treatment or prophylaxis disorders as described below.
  • Formulations suitable for vaginal administration can be presented as pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams or spray formulations containing in addition to the active ingredient such carriers considered to be appropriate.
  • the formulations can be packaged in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example sealed ampoules and vials, and can be stored in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example water, for injection immediately prior to use.
  • sterile liquid carrier for example water
  • Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions are prepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets of the kind previously described.
  • Preferred unit dosage formulations are those containing a daily dose or unit daily sub-dose, as herein above recited, or an appropriate fraction thereof, of the active ingredient.
  • the compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are formulated as a prodrug.
  • prodrug refers to a derivative of a compound that can be hydrolyzed, oxidized, or cleaved under biological conditions to provide the compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • a prodrug as defined herein includes derivatives comprising one or more moieties that modulate or improve one or more physical, physiological or pharmaceutical property such as, but not limited to, solubility, permeability, uptake, biodistribution, metabolic stability, onset of action or some other druglike property, and is transformed to the bioactive or more biologically active substance as provided herein.
  • a prodrug herein has no biological activity until release of the compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Compounds or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein can be administered by any route appropriate to the condition to be treated. Suitable routes include oral, parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous (IV), intraarterial, intradermal, intrathecal and epidural), transdermal, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual), vaginal, intraperitoneal, intrapulmonary and intranasal.
  • a compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein is administered orally or by IV.
  • the compounds can be administered by intralesional administration, including perfusing or otherwise contacting the graft with the inhibitor before transplantation. It will be appreciated that the preferred route can vary with for example the condition of the recipient. Where the compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered orally, it can be formulated as a pill, capsule, tablet, etc. with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. Where the compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered parenterally, it can be formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable parenteral vehicle and in a unit dosage injectable form, as detailed below.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • compounds or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein are administered as pharmaceutical compositions capable of being administered to a subject orally or parenterally.
  • the compounds or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein can be formulated for topical or parenteral use where the compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is dissolved or otherwise suspended in a solution suitable for injections, suspensions, syrups, creams, ointments, gels, sprays, solutions and emulsions.
  • Oral administration can promote patient compliance in taking the compound (e.g. formulated as a pharmaceutical composition), thereby increasing compliance and efficacy.
  • Oral pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound described herein include, but are not limited to, tablets (e.g. coated, non-coated and chewable) and capsules (e.g. hard gelatin capsules, soft gelatin capsules, enteric coated capsules, and sustained release capsules). Tablets can be prepared by direct compression, by wet granulation, or by dry granulation.
  • Oral pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound described herein can be formulated for delayed or prolonged release.
  • a dose to treat human patients can range from about 10 mg to about 1000 mg of a compound described herein.
  • a typical dose can be about 100 mg to about 300 mg of the compound.
  • a dose can be administered once a day (QID), twice per day (BID), or more frequently, depending on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the particular compound.
  • Administration as used herein refers to the frequency of dosing and not, for example, the number of individual units a patient described herein must take for a dose.
  • a patient may take two or more dosage units (e.g. two or more pills/tablets/capsules) QD.
  • toxicity factors can influence the dosage and administration regimen.
  • the pill, capsule, or tablet can be ingested daily or less frequently for a specified period of time. The regimen can be repeated for a number of cycles of therapy.
  • the compounds or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein are useful as Ras inhibitors.
  • the compounds or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein are useful as KRas inhibitors.
  • the compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein are useful as NRas inhibitors.
  • the compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein are useful as HRas inhibitors.
  • the compounds or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein are useful as G12D Ras inhibitors, and as G12D KRas inhibitors.
  • a cell such as an ex vivo cell
  • a compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein to inhibit Ras activity (e.g., KRas activity) in the cell.
  • the activity is mutant G12D KRas activity.
  • a cancer comprising a KRas mutation
  • the method comprising administering to a patient having such cancer, an effective amount of a compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pharmaceutical composition as described herein.
  • the KRas mutation is a KRas G12D mutation.
  • the methods further comprise testing a sample (e.g. as set forth herein) from the patient before administration of a compound of pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein for the absence or presence of a KRas G12D mutation.
  • a compound or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or pharmaceutical composition described herein is administered to the patient after the patient sample is determined to be positive for (e.g. the presence of) a KRas G12D mutation.
  • the methods of treating a cancer described herein relate to the treatment of cancer such as acute myeloid leukemia, cancer in adolescents, childhood adrenocortical carcinoma, AIDS-related cancers (e.g. lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma), anal cancer, appendix cancer, astrocytomas, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, basal cell carcinoma, bile duct cancer, bladder cancer, bone cancer, brain stem glioma, brain tumor, breast cancer, bronchial tumors, Burkitt lymphoma, carcinoid tumor, embryonal tumors, germ cell tumor, primary lymphoma, cervical cancer, childhood cancers, chordoma, cardiac tumors, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), chronic myleoproliferative disorders, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, craniopharyngioma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, extrahepatic ductal
  • the cancer is a hematological cancer, pancreatic cancer, MYH associated polyposis, colorectal cancer or lung cancer.
  • the cancer is lung cancer, colorectal cancer, appendiceal cancer, or pancreatic cancer.
  • the cancer is pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, or colon cancer.
  • the lung cancer can be adenocarcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), or small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
  • the cancer is colorectal cancer.
  • the cancer is pancreatic cancer.
  • the cancer is lung adenocarcinoma.
  • the methods provided herein can also comprise testing a sample from the patient before administration of a compound or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein for the absence or presence of a KRas G12D mutation.
  • a compound, stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or pharmaceutical composition is administered to the patient after the patient sample shows the presence of a KRas G12D mutation.
  • a compound or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein is not administered unless a patient sample comprises a KRas G12D mutation.
  • the cancer is pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, or colorectal cancer.
  • the cancer is tissue agnostic (comprises a KRas G12D mutation).
  • the pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, or colorectal cancer comprises a KRas G12D mutation.
  • lung cancer comprising a KRas G12D mutation in a patient having such a lung cancer.
  • a method (M1) of treating lung cancer comprising a KRas G12D mutation in a patient having such a lung cancer comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of a compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same) described herein.
  • the lung cancer is non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).
  • NSCLC non-small cell lung carcinoma
  • SCLC squamous-cell lung carcinoma
  • lung cancer is adenocarcinoma, NSCLC, or SCLC.
  • the lung cancer is small cell lung carcinoma.
  • the lung cancer is glandular tumors, carcinoid tumors or undifferentiated carcinomas.
  • the lung cancer can be stage I or II lung cancer.
  • the lung cancer is stage III or IV lung cancer.
  • the methods provided herein include administration of the compound as a 1L therapy.
  • pancreatic cancer comprising a KRas G12D mutation in a patient having such pancreatic cancer.
  • a method (M2) of pancreatic lung cancer comprising a KRas G12D mutation in a patient having pancreatic cancer comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of a compound or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein.
  • the patient has been previously treated with radiation and one or more chemotherapy agents.
  • the pancreatic cancer is stage 0, I, or II.
  • the pancreatic cancer is stage III or stage IV.
  • kits for treating colon cancer comprising a KRas G12D mutation in a patient having such colon cancer are provided herein.
  • the colon cancer is stage I or II.
  • the colon cancer is stage III or stage IV.
  • the method further comprises:
  • the method comprises:
  • the patient is diagnosed with a cancer described herein.
  • the sample is a tumor sample taken from the subject.
  • the sample is taken before administration of any therapy.
  • the sample is taken before administration of a compound or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein and after administration of another chemotherapeutic agent.
  • the compound or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein is administered as provided herein (e.g. orally or IV).
  • a compound or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use as a therapeutically active substance.
  • the compound or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be for the therapeutic treatment of a cancer comprising a Kras G12D mutation.
  • a compound or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment of a cancer comprising a KRas G12D mutation.
  • the compound or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is used in the preparation of a medicament for the therapeutic treatment of a cancer comprising a KRas G12D mutation.
  • inhibiting tumor metastasis comprising administering to a patient having a tumor a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein.
  • the inhibition is of a tumor comprising a KRas G12D mutation.
  • inhibiting tumor metastasis in a patient described herein results in reduction of tumor size.
  • inhibiting tumor metastasis in a patient described herein results in stabilizing (e.g. no further growth) of tumor size.
  • inhibiting tumor metastasis in a patient described herein results in remission of the cancer and/or its symptoms.
  • the method comprising contacting the cell population with a compound or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein.
  • the cell population is in a human patient.
  • the cell population comprises a KRas G12D mutation.
  • KRas inhibited is KRas G12D .
  • inhibiting KRas results in decreased tumor size.
  • inhibiting KRas results in remission of the cancer and/or its symptoms.
  • the mutant protein comprises a KRas G12D mutation.
  • the activity of KRas is decreased after contacting with a compound or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein.
  • the downregulation of activity of the KRas mutant protein treats a cancer described herein in a patient described herein.
  • the downregulation of activity of the KRas mutant protein results in decreased tumor size.
  • the downregulation of activity of the KRas mutant protein results in remission of a cancer described herein and/or its symptoms.
  • the methods provided herein comprise inhibiting Kras G12D activity in a cell by contacting said cell with an amount of a compound or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein sufficient to inhibit the activity of KRas G12D in said cell. In some embodiments, the methods provided herein comprise inhibiting KRas G12D activity in a tissue by contacting said tissue with an amount of a compound or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein sufficient to inhibit the activity of KRas G12D in said tissue.
  • the methods provided herein comprise inhibiting KRas G12D activity in a patient described herein by contacting said patient with an amount of a compound or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein sufficient to inhibit the activity of KRas G12D in said patient.
  • a labeled KRas G12D mutant protein comprising reacting a KRas G12D mutant protein with a labeled compound or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein to result in the labeled KRas G12D mutant protein.
  • the label is an imaging agent.
  • the labeled KRas G12D can be used to detect the absence or presence of G12D mutant KRas in a patient sample, thereby detecting the presence or absence of a cancer mediated by mutant KRas.
  • the methods comprise contacting a cell with an effective amount of one or more compounds or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof disclosed herein thereof.
  • Inhibition of Ras-mediated signal transduction can be assessed and demonstrated by a wide variety of ways known in the art.
  • Non-limiting examples include a showing of (a) a decrease in GTPase activity of Ras; (b) a decrease in GTP binding affinity or an increase in GDP binding affinity; (c) an increase in K off of GTP or a decrease in K off of GDP; (d) a decrease in the levels of signaling transduction molecules downstream in the Ras pathway, such as a decrease in pMEK level; and/or (e) a decrease in binding of Ras complex to downstream signaling molecules including but not limited to Raf. Kits and commercially available assays can be utilized for determining one or more of the above.
  • KRas mutations have also been identified in hematological malignancies (e.g., cancers that affect blood, bone marrow, and/or lymph nodes). Accordingly, certain embodiments are directed to administration of a disclosed compound or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (e.g., in the form of a pharmaceutical composition) as described herein to a patient in need of treatment of a hematological malignancy.
  • Such malignancies include, but are not limited to leukemias and lymphomas.
  • the presently disclosed compounds can be used for treatment of diseases such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) and/or other leukemias.
  • ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  • AML acute myelogenous leukemia
  • CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  • SLL small lymphocytic lymphoma
  • CML chronic myelogenous leukemia
  • AoL acute monocytic leukemia
  • the compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein are useful for treatment of lymphomas such as all subtypes of Hodgkin's lymphoma or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
  • Determining whether a tumor or cancer comprises a KRas G12D mutation can be undertaken by assessing the nucleotide sequence encoding the KRas protein, by assessing the amino acid sequence of the KRas protein, or by assessing the characteristics of a putative KRas mutant protein.
  • the sequence of wild-type human KRas e.g. Accession No. NP203524. is known in the art.
  • PCR-RFLP polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism
  • PCR-SSCP polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism
  • MAA mutant allele-specific PCR amplification
  • samples are evaluated for G12d KRas mutations by real-time PCR.
  • real-time PCR fluorescent probes specific for the KRas G12D mutation are used. When a mutation is present, the probe binds and fluorescence is detected.
  • the KRas G12D mutation is identified using a direct sequencing method of specific regions (e.g., exon 2 and/or exon 3) in the KRas gene. This technique will identify all possible mutations in the region sequenced.
  • Methods for determining whether a tumor or cancer comprises a KRas G12D mutation can use a variety of samples.
  • the sample is taken from a subject having a tumor or cancer.
  • the sample is a fresh tumor/cancer sample.
  • the sample is a frozen tumor/cancer sample.
  • the sample is a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sample.
  • the sample is processed to a cell lysate.
  • the sample is processed to DNA or RNA.
  • the cancer is formulated for oral administration. In some embodiments, the medicament is formulated for injection (e.g. IV administration).
  • the cancer is comprises a KRas G12D mutation. In some embodiments, the cancer is a hematological cancer, pancreatic cancer, MYH associated polyposis, colorectal cancer or lung cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is lung cancer, colorectal cancer, or pancreatic cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is colorectal cancer. In another embodiment, the cancer is pancreatic cancer.
  • the cancer is lung adenocarcinoma.
  • the cancer is uses of a compound or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein, in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting tumor metastasis.
  • the compounds or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein may be employed alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents for the treatment of a disease or disorder described herein.
  • the second compound of the pharmaceutical combination formulation or dosing regimen preferably has complementary activities to the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein such that they do not adversely affect each other.
  • the combination therapy may provide “synergy” and prove “synergistic”, i.e., the effect achieved when the active ingredients used together is greater than the sum of the effects that results from using the compounds separately.
  • the combination therapy may be administered as a simultaneous or sequential regimen.
  • the combination may be administered in two or more administrations.
  • the combined administration includes co-administration, using separate formulations or a single pharmaceutical formulation, and consecutive administration in either order, wherein preferably there is a time period while both (or all) active agents simultaneously exert their biological activities.
  • Combination therapies herein comprise the administration of a compound or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein, and the use of at least one other treatment method.
  • the amounts of the compound or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein and the other pharmaceutically active agent(s) and the relative timings of administration will be selected in order to achieve the desired combined therapeutic effect.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, phosphatidylinositol kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) inhibitor, a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, a Met kinase inhibitor, a SRC family kinase inhibitor, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor, an extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor, a topoisomerase inhibitor (such as irinotecan, or such as etoposide, or such as doxorubicin), a taxane (such as anti-microtubule agents including paclitaxel and docetaxel), an anti-metabolite agent (such as 5-FU or such as gemcitabine), or an alkylating agent (such as cisplatin or such as cyclophosphamide), or a taxane.
  • EGFR epiderma
  • the additional therapeutic agent is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, such as Erlotinib or such as Afatinib.
  • EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
  • the additional therapeutic agent is gefitinib, osimertinib, or dacomitinib.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is a monoclonal antibody such as cetuximab (Erbitux) or panitumumab (Vectibix).
  • the GFR inhibitor is a dual or pan-HER inhibitor.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, such as GDC-0077, GDC-0941, MLN1117, BYL719 (Alpelisib) or BKM120 (Buparlisib).
  • PI3K phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase
  • GDC-0941 refers to 2-(1H-indazol-4-yl)-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine or a salt thereof (e.g., bismesylate salt).
  • the additional therapeutic agent is an insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) inhibitor.
  • IGF1R insulin-like growth factor receptor
  • the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) inhibitor is NVP-AEW541.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is IGOSI-906 (Linsitinib), BMS-754807, or in other embodiments the additional therapeutic agent is a neutralizing monoclonal antibody specific to IGF1R such as AMG-479 (ganitumab), CP-751,871 (figitumumab), IMC-A12 (cixutumumab), MK-0646 (dalotuzumab), or R-1507 (robatumumab).
  • the additional therapeutic agent is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is CYT387, GLPG0634, Baricitinib, Lestaurtinib, momelotinib, Pacritinib, Ruxolitinib, or TG101348.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is an anti-glypican 3 antibody.
  • the anti-glypican 3 antibody is codrituzumab.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is an antibody drug conjugate (ADC).
  • ADC antibody drug conjugate
  • the ADC is polatuzumab vedotin, RG7986, RG7882, RG6109, or R07172369.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is an MDM2 antagonist.
  • the MDM2 antagonist is idasanutlin.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is an agonistic antibody against CD40.
  • the agonistic antibody against CD40 is selicrelumab (RG7876).
  • the additional therapeutic agent is a bispecific antibody.
  • the bispecific antibody is RG7828 (BTCT4465A), RG7802, RG7386 (FAP-DR5), RG6160, RG6026, ERY974, or anti-HER2/CD3.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is a targeted immunocytokine.
  • the targeted immunocytokine is RG7813 or RG7461.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is an antibody targeting colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R).
  • CSF-1R colony stimulating factor-1 receptor
  • the CSF-1R antibody is emactuzumab.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is a personalised cancer vaccine.
  • the personalised cancer vaccine is RG6180.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is an inhibitor of BET (bromodomain and extraterminal family) proteins (BRD2/3/4/T).
  • BET bromodomain and extraterminal family proteins
  • the BET inhibitor is RG6146.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is an antibody designed to bind to TIGIT.
  • the anti-TIGIT antibody is RG6058 (MTIG7192A).
  • the additional therapeutic agent is a selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD).
  • SESD selective estrogen receptor degrader
  • the SERD is RG6047 (GDC-0927) or RG6171 (GDC-9545, giredestrant).
  • the additional therapeutic agent is an MET kinase inhibitor, such as Crizotinib, tivantinib, AMG337, cabozantinib, or foretinib.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to MET such as onartuzumab.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is a SRC family non-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is an inhibitor of the subfamily of SRC family non-receptor tyrosine kinases.
  • Exemplary inhibitors in this respect include Dasatinib.
  • Other examples in this regard include Ponatinib, saracatinib, and bosutinib.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor.
  • the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor is trametinib, selumetinib, COTELLIC® (cobimetinib), PD0325901, or RO5126766.
  • the MEK inhibitor is GSK-1120212, also known as trametinib.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is an extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor.
  • the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor is SCH722984 or GDC-0994.
  • the protein kinase inhibitor is taselisib, ipatasertib, GDC-0575, GDC-5573 (HM95573), RG6114 (GDC-0077), CKI27, Afatinib, Axitinib, Atezolizumab, Bevacizumab, Bostutinib, Cetuximab, Crizotinib, Dasatinib, Erlotinib, Fostamatinib, Gefitinib, Imatinib, Lapatinib, Lenvatinib, Ibrutinib, Nilotinib, Panitumumab, Pazopanib, Pegaptanib, Ranibizumab, Ruxolitinib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, SU6656, Trastuzumab, Tofacitinib, Vandetanib, or Vemurafenib.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is a topoisomerase inhibitor.
  • the topoisomerase inhibitor is Irinotecan.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is a taxane. Exemplary taxanes include Taxol and Docetaxel.
  • chemotherapeutics are presently known in the art and can be used in combination with the compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof described herein.
  • the chemotherapeutic is selected from the group consisting of mitotic inhibitors, alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, intercalating antibiotics, growth factor inhibitors, cell cycle inhibitors, enzymes, topoisomerase inhibitors, biological response modifiers, anti-hormones, angiogenesis inhibitors, and anti-androgens.
  • Non-limiting examples are chemotherapeutic agents, cytotoxic agents, and non-peptide small molecules such as Gleevec® (Imatinib Mesylate), Velcade® (bortezomib), Casodex (bicalutamide), Iressa® (gefitinib), and Adriamycin as well as a host of chemotherapeutic agents.
  • Non-limiting examples of chemotherapeutic agents include alkylating agents such as thiotepa and cyclosphosphamide (CYTOXANTM); alkyl sulfonates such as busulfan, improsulfan and piposulfan; aziridines such as benzodopa, carboquone, meturedopa, and uredopa; ethylenimines and methyl melamines including altretamine, triethylenemelamine, triethylenephosphoramide, triethylenethiophosphaoramide and trimethylol melamine; nitrogen mustards such as chlorambucil, 15 chlornaphazine, cyclophosphamide, estramustine, ifosfamide, mechlorethamine, mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride, melphalan, novembichin, phenesterine, prednimustine, trofosfamide, uracil mustard; nitrosoureas such as car
  • paclitaxel TAXOLTM, Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology, Princeton, N.J.
  • docetaxel TAXOTERETM, Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Antony, France
  • retinoic acid esperamicins
  • capecitabine ecitabine
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids or derivatives of any of the above TAXOLTM, Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology, Princeton, N.J.
  • anti-hormonal agents that act to regulate or inhibit hormone action on tumors
  • anti-estrogens including for example tamoxifen, (NolvadexTM), raloxifene, aromatase inhibiting 4(5)-imidazoles, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, trioxifene, keoxifene, LY 117018, onapristone, and toremifene (Fareston); anti-androgens such as flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, leuprolide, and goserelin; chlorambucil; gemcitabine; 6-thioguanine; mercaptopurine; methotrexate; platinum analogs such as cisplatin and carboplatin; vinblastine; platinum; etoposide (VP-16); ifosfamide; mitomycin C; mitoxantrone; vincristine; vinorelbine; navelbine; no
  • the compounds or pharmaceutical acceptable salts thereof or pharmaceutical composition as described herein can be used in combination with commonly prescribed anti-cancer drugs such as Herceptin®, Avastin®, Gazyva®, Tecentriq®, Alecensa®, Perjeta®, VenclextaTM, Erbitux®, Rituxan®, Taxol®, Arimidex®, Taxotere®, ABVD, AVICINE, Abagovomab, Acridine carboxamide, Adecatumumab, 17-N-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin, Alpharadin, Alvocidib, 3-Aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, Amonafide, Anthracenedione, Anti-CD22 immunotoxins, Antineoplastic, Antitumorigenic herbs, Apaziquone, Atiprimod, Azathioprine, Belotecan, Bendamustine, BIBW 2992, Bir
  • the exact method for administering the compound and the additional therapeutic agent will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the compound and the additional therapeutic agent are co-administered.
  • the compound and the additional therapeutic agent are separately administered.
  • the compound and the additional therapeutic agent are administered with the second agent simultaneously or separately.
  • This administration in combination can include simultaneous administration of the two agents in the same dosage form, simultaneous administration in separate dosage forms, and separate administration. That is, the compound and any of the additional therapeutic agents described herein can be formulated together in the same dosage form and administered simultaneously. Alternatively, the compound and any of the additional therapeutic agents described herein can be simultaneously administered, wherein both the agents are present in separate formulations. In another alternative, the compound can be administered just followed by any of the additional therapeutic agents described herein, or vice versa. In some embodiments of the separate administration protocol, the compound and any of the additional therapeutic agents described herein are administered a few minutes apart, or a few hours apart, or a few days apart.
  • kits containing materials useful for the treatment of a cancer provided herein.
  • the kit comprises a container comprising compound or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein.
  • the kit may further comprise a label or package insert on or associated with the container.
  • Suitable containers include, for example, bottles, vials, syringes, blister pack, etc.
  • the container may be formed from a variety of materials such as glass or plastic.
  • the container may hold a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein or a formulation thereof which is effective for treating the condition and may have a sterile access port (for example, the container may be an intravenous solution bag or a vial having a stopper pierceable by a hypodermic injection needle).
  • At least one active agent in the composition is a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein.
  • the article of manufacture may further comprise a second container comprising a pharmaceutical diluent, such as bacteriostatic water for injection (BWFI), phosphate-buffered saline, Ringer's solution or dextrose solution. It may further include other materials desirable from a commercial and user standpoint, including other buffers, diluents, filters, needles, and syringes.
  • BWFI bacteriostatic water for injection
  • kits are suitable for the delivery of solid oral forms of a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein, such as tablets or capsules.
  • a kit can include a number of unit dosages.
  • An example of such a kit is a “blister pack”. Blister packs are well known in the packaging industry and are widely used for packaging pharmaceutical unit dosage forms.
  • Embodiment 1 A compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
  • R 1 is R 7 -substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, R 7 -substituted or unsubstituted isoquinolinyl, R 7 -substituted or unsubstituted indazolyl, R 7 -substituted or unsubstituted indanyl, R 7 -substituted or unsubstituted benzothiazolyl, R 7A -substituted phenyl, or R 7A -substituted pyridinyl;
  • each R 7 is independently halogen, OH, NH 2 , N(Me) 2 , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkynyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkoxy, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl
  • each R 7A is independently halogen, CN, NH 2 , N(Me) 2 , R 7B -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, or unsubstituted cyclopropyl
  • R 7B is CN, oxo, or C 1-3 alkyl;
  • L 1 is R L1 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 alkylene; R L1 is halogen or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or wherein two R L1 together form an unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl;
  • R 2 is R 9 -substituted or unsubstituted 4-10 membered heterocycle comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from N, S, or O;
  • R 9 is independently halogen, CN, OH, OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , OCH 2 F, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkoxy, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylidene, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl,
  • R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted 3 or 4-membered heterocycle; or wherein two R 9 together form a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 cycloalkyl or a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 heterocycle comprising one or more oxygen atoms; or wherein
  • the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons
  • each R 10 is independently hydrogen, oxo, CN, halogen, or C 1-3 unsubstituted alkyl;
  • R 3 is hydrogen, —CN, halogen, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted cyclopropyl; each R 4 is independently hydrogen, methyl, or C 1-3 haloalkyl;
  • R 5 is independently halogen, oxo, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl; or wherein
  • two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons and optionally one heteroatom selected from O and N; or two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises one of O or NR 11 ;
  • R 11 is hydrogen, C(O)CH 3 , or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl
  • R 6 is hydrogen, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 haloalkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkenyl; R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkynyl, or R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle
  • R 6A is halogen, CN, OR 6B , SR 6C , S(O) 2 R 6C , C(O)R 6B , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, or R 6B -substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle and
  • R 6 B and R 6C are each independently C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 haloalkyl.
  • Embodiment 1 A compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or
  • n and m together make a 6— or 7-membered ring Ring A;
  • R 1 is formula (E), wherein X 1 is N or CR 7C and R 7C is hydrogen or halogen;
  • each R 7A is independently halogen, CN, NH 2 , N(Me) 2 , R 7B -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, or unsubstituted cyclopropyl;
  • R 7B is CN, oxo, or C 1-3 alkyl
  • L 1 is R L1 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 alkylene
  • R L1 is halogen or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or wherein two R L1 together form an unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl;
  • R 2 is R 9 -substituted or unsubstituted 4-10 membered heterocycle comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from N, S, or O;
  • R 9 is independently halogen, CN, OH, OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , OCH 2 F, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkoxy, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylidene, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted 3 or 4-membered heterocycle; or wherein
  • R 9 together form a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 cycloalkyl or a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 heterocycle comprising one or more oxygen atoms; or wherein
  • two R 9 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl or heterocycle, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons;
  • each R 10 is independently hydrogen, oxo, CN, halogen, or C 1-3 unsubstituted alkyl;
  • R 3 is hydrogen, —CN, halogen, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted cyclopropyl;
  • each R 4 is independently hydrogen, methyl, or C 1-3 haloalkyl
  • R 5 is independently halogen, oxo, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl; or wherein two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons and optionally one heteroatom selected from O and N; or
  • two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises one of O or NR 11 ;
  • R 11 is hydrogen, C(O)CH 3 , or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl
  • R 6 is hydrogen, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 haloalkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkenyl; R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkynyl,
  • R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle
  • R 6A is halogen, CN, OR 6B , SR 6C , S(O) 2 R 6C , C(O)R 6B , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, or R 6B -substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle; and
  • R 6B and R 6C are each independently C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 haloalkyl.
  • Embodiment 2 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of embodiment 1, wherein X 1 is CR 7C and R 7C is hydrogen or halogen.
  • Embodiment 3 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of embodiment 1, wherein X 1 is N.
  • Embodiment 4 A compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
  • each R 7A is independently hydrogen, halogen, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl;
  • L 1 is R L1 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1 0.4 alkylene;
  • R L1 is halogen or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or wherein two R L1 together form an unsubstituted C 3 0.4 cycloalkyl;
  • R 2 is R 9 -substituted or unsubstituted 4-10 membered heterocycle comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from N, S, or O;
  • R 9 is independently halogen, CN, OH, OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , OCH 2 F, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkoxy, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylidene, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted 3 or 4-membered heterocycle; or wherein
  • R 9 together form a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 cycloalkyl or a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 heterocycle comprising one or more oxygen atoms; or wherein
  • two R 9 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl or heterocycle, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons;
  • each R 10 is independently hydrogen, oxo, CN, halogen, or C 1-3 unsubstituted alkyl;
  • R 3 is hydrogen, —CN, halogen, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted cyclopropyl;
  • each R 4 is independently hydrogen, methyl, or C 1-3 haloalkyl
  • R 5 is independently halogen, oxo, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl; or wherein two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons and optionally one heteroatom selected from O and N; or
  • two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises one of O or NR 11 ;
  • R 11 is hydrogen, C(O)CH 3 , or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl
  • R 6 is hydrogen, RA-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 haloalkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkenyl; R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkynyl,
  • R 6A is halogen, CN, OR 6B , SR 6C , S(O) 2 R 6C , C(O)R 6B , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, or R 6B -substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle; and
  • R 6B and R 6C are each independently C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 haloalkyl.
  • Embodiment 5 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of embodiment 4, wherein no more than one R 7A is hydrogen.
  • Embodiment 6 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of embodiment 4, wherein R 7A is not hydrogen.
  • Embodiment 7 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of embodiment 4, wherein at least one R 7A is halogen.
  • Embodiment 8 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of embodiment 4, wherein at least one R 7A is unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl.
  • Embodiment 9 A compound of formula (I): or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
  • L 1 is R L1 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 alkylene
  • R L1 is halogen or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or wherein two R L1 together form an unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl;
  • R 2 is R 9 -substituted or unsubstituted 4-10 membered heterocycle comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from N, S, or O;
  • R 9 is independently halogen, CN, OH, OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , OCH 2 F, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkoxy, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylidene, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted 3 or 4-membered heterocycle; or wherein
  • R 9 together form a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 cycloalkyl or a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 heterocycle comprising one or more oxygen atoms; or wherein
  • two R 9 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl or heterocycle, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons;
  • each R 10 is independently hydrogen, oxo, CN, halogen, or C 1-3 unsubstituted alkyl;
  • R 3 is hydrogen, —CN, halogen, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted cyclopropyl;
  • each R 4 is independently hydrogen, methyl, or C 1-3 haloalkyl
  • R 5 is independently halogen, oxo, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl; or wherein two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons and optionally one heteroatom selected from O and N; or
  • two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises one of O or NR 11 ;
  • R 11 is hydrogen, C(O)CH 3 , or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl
  • R 6 is hydrogen, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 haloalkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkenyl; R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkynyl,
  • R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle
  • R 6 A is halogen, CN, OR 6B , SR 6C , S(O) 2 R 6C , C(O)R 6B , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, or R 6B -substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle; and
  • R 6B and R 6C are each independently C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 haloalkyl.
  • Embodiment 10 A compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
  • R 1 is R 7A -substituted phenyl or R 7A -substituted pyridinyl;
  • each R 7A is independently halogen, NH 2 , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl;
  • L 1 is R L1 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1 0.4 alkylene;
  • R L1 is halogen or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or wherein two R L1 together form an unsubstituted C 3 0.4 cycloalkyl;
  • R 2 is R 9 -substituted or unsubstituted 4-10 membered heterocycle comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from N, S, or O;
  • R 9 is independently halogen, CN, OH, OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , OCH 2 F, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkoxy, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylidene, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted 3 or 4-membered heterocycle; or wherein
  • R 9 together form a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 cycloalkyl or a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 heterocycle comprising one or more oxygen atoms; or wherein
  • two R 9 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl or heterocycle, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons;
  • each R 10 is independently hydrogen, oxo, CN, halogen, or C 1-3 unsubstituted alkyl;
  • R 3 is hydrogen, —CN, halogen, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted cyclopropyl;
  • each R 4 is independently hydrogen, methyl, or C 1-3 haloalkyl
  • R 5 is independently halogen, oxo, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl; or wherein two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons and optionally one heteroatom selected from O and N; or
  • two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises one of O or NR 11 ;
  • R 11 is hydrogen, C(O)CH 3 , or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl
  • R 6 is hydrogen, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 haloalkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkenyl; R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkynyl, or R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle;
  • R 6A is halogen, CN, OR 6B , SR 6C , S(O) 2 R 6C , C(O)R 6B , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, or R 6B -substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle; and
  • R 6B and R 6C are each independently C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 haloalkyl.
  • Embodiment 11 A compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or
  • L 1 is R L1 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1 0.4 alkylene
  • R L1 is halogen or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or wherein two R L1 together form an unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl;
  • R 2 is R 9 -substituted or unsubstituted 4-10 membered heterocycle comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from N, S, or O;
  • R 9 is independently halogen, CN, OH, OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , OCH 2 F, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkoxy, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylidene, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted 3 or 4-membered heterocycle; or wherein
  • R 9 together form a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 cycloalkyl or a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 heterocycle comprising one or more oxygen atoms; or wherein
  • two R 9 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl or heterocycle, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons;
  • each R 10 is independently hydrogen, oxo, CN, halogen, or C 1-3 unsubstituted alkyl;
  • R 3 is hydrogen, —CN, halogen, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted cyclopropyl;
  • each R 4 is independently hydrogen, methyl, or C 1-3 haloalkyl
  • R 5 is independently halogen, oxo, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl; or wherein two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons and optionally one heteroatom selected from O and N; or
  • two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises one of O or NR 11 ;
  • R 11 is hydrogen, C(O)CH 3 , or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl;
  • R 6 is hydrogen, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 haloalkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkenyl; R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkynyl, or R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle;
  • R 6A is halogen, CN, OR 6B , SR 6C , S(O) 2 R 6C , C(O)R 6B , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, or R 6B -substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle; and
  • R 6B and R 6C are each independently C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 haloalkyl.
  • Embodiment 12 A compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or
  • each R 7A is independently halogen, CN, NH 2 , N(Me) 2 , R 7B -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, or unsubstituted cyclopropyl;
  • R 7B is CN, oxo, or C 1-3 alkyl
  • L 1 is R L1 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1 0.4 alkylene
  • R L1 is halogen or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or wherein two R L1 together form an unsubstituted C 3 0.4 cycloalkyl;
  • R 2 is R 9 -substituted or unsubstituted 4-10 membered heterocycle comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from N, S, or O;
  • R 9 is independently halogen, CN, OH, OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , OCH 2 F, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkoxy, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylidene, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted 3 or 4-membered heterocycle; or wherein two R 9 together form a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 cycloalkyl or a R 10 -substituted or
  • each R 10 is independently hydrogen, oxo, CN, halogen, or C 1-3 unsubstituted alkyl;
  • R 3 is hydrogen, —CN, halogen, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted cyclopropyl;
  • each R 4 is independently hydrogen, methyl, or C 1-3 haloalkyl
  • R 5 is independently halogen, oxo, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl; or wherein
  • two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons and optionally one heteroatom selected from O and N; or
  • two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises one of O or NR 11 ;
  • R 11 is hydrogen, C(O)CH 3 , or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl
  • R 6 is hydrogen, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 haloalkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkenyl; R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkynyl,
  • R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle
  • R 6 A is halogen, CN, OR 6B , SR 6C , S(O) 2 R 6C , C(O)R 6B , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, or R 6B -substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle; and
  • R 6B and R 6C are each independently C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 haloalkyl.
  • Embodiment 13 A compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
  • L 1 is R L1 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1 0.4 alkylene; RY is halogen or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or wherein two R L1 together form an unsubstituted C 3 0.4 cycloalkyl;
  • R 2 is R 9 -substituted or unsubstituted 4-10 membered heterocycle comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from N, S, or O;
  • R 9 is independently halogen, CN, OH, OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , OCH 2 F, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkoxy, R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylidene, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl, or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted 3 or 4-membered heterocycle; or wherein
  • R 9 together form a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 cycloalkyl or a R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 3-5 heterocycle comprising one or more oxygen atoms; or wherein
  • two R 9 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl or heterocycle, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons;
  • each R 10 is independently hydrogen, oxo, CN, halogen, or C 1-3 unsubstituted alkyl;
  • R 3 is hydrogen, —CN, halogen, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted cyclopropyl;
  • each R 4 is independently hydrogen, methyl, or C 1-3 haloalkyl
  • R 5 is independently halogen, oxo, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl; or wherein two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons and optionally one heteroatom selected from O and N; or
  • two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises one of O or NR 11 ;
  • R 11 is hydrogen, C(O)CH 3 , or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl
  • R 6 is hydrogen, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 haloalkyl, R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkenyl; R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkynyl, or R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle;
  • R 6A is halogen, CN, OR 6B , SR 6C , S(O) 2 R 6C , C(O)R 6B , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl, or R 6B -substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered heterocycle; and
  • R 6B and R 6C are each independently C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 haloalkyl.
  • Embodiment 14 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 1-13, wherein each R 4 is hydrogen.
  • Embodiment 15 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 1-13, wherein one R 4 is hydrogen and one R 4 is methyl.
  • Embodiment 16 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 1-13, wherein R 4 is hydrogen and one R 4 is —CF 3 .
  • Embodiment 17 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 1-3 and 12, wherein each R 7A is independently halogen, NH 2 , unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or unsubstituted C 1-3 haloalkyl.
  • Embodiment 18 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 1-3, 10, 12, and 14-17, wherein at least one R 7A is NH 2 .
  • Embodiment 19 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 1-18, wherein L 1 is methylene.
  • Embodiment 20 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 1-18, wherein L 1 is R L1 -substituted or unsubstituted C 2-3 alkylene.
  • Embodiment 21 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 1-20, wherein R 2 is a moiety of formula (A), or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein,
  • R 9 is halogen or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylidene
  • Embodiment 22 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 1-20, wherein R 2 is a moiety of formula (B), or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein R 9 is independently halogen or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl; and r is 1 or 2.
  • Embodiment 23 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 1-20, wherein R 2 is:
  • Embodiment 24 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 1-20, wherein R 2 is:
  • R 9 is independently halogen or R 10 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylidene; each R 10 is independently hydrogen or halogen; and r is 1 or 2.
  • Embodiment 25 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 1-20, wherein R 2 is:
  • Embodiment 26 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 1-20, wherein R 2 is a moiety of formula (C) or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein X 2 is CR 9 or O.
  • Embodiment 27 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 1-20, wherein R 2 is a moiety of formula (D) or (D1) or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein X 3 is CR 9 , NR 9 , or O.
  • Embodiment 28 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 1-20, wherein R 2 is:
  • Embodiment 29 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 1-20, wherein R 2 is:
  • Embodiment 30 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 1-29, wherein R 3 is halogen.
  • Embodiment 31 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 1-30, wherein two R 5 together form a bridge between two carbon atoms of Ring A, wherein the bridge comprises 1-3 carbons.
  • Embodiment 32 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of embodiment 31, wherein the bridge comprises 2 carbon atoms.
  • Embodiment 33 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of embodiment 31, the bridge comprises 1 carbon atom.
  • Embodiment 34 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 1-33, wherein X is NR 6 .
  • Embodiment 35 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of embodiment 34, wherein R 6 is hydrogen or R 6A -substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl.
  • Embodiment 36 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of embodiment 34, wherein R 6 is R 6 A-substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl.
  • Embodiment 37 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 34-36, wherein R 6A is halogen, CN, OH, OMe, OEt, OCF 3 , SO 2 Me, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, or 4-membered heterocycle.
  • Embodiment 38 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of embodiment 34, wherein R 6 is hydrogen.
  • Embodiment 39 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 1-38, wherein R 2 is azetidinyl, oxetanyl, or thietanedioxide.
  • Embodiment 40 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 1-13, wherein the compound of formula (I) comprises formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), or (IId), or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Embodiment 41 The compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 1-13, wherein the compound of formula (I) comprises formula (IIIa) or (IIIb), or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Embodiment 42 A compound selected from compounds 1-36, 38-45, 47-62, 64-108, 110-146, and 149-291 in Table 1 or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Embodiment 43 A compound selected from compounds 1-36, 38-45, 47-62, 64-108, and 110-125 in Table 1 or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Embodiment 44 A compound selected from compounds 126-146 and 149-291 in Table 1 or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Embodiment 45 A compound selected from compounds 6, 15, 24, 26, 29, 31-32, 57-59, 61-62, 64-66, 75-76, 91, 96, 104, 106, 111, 113, 118-124, 126-146, 149-156, 158-175, 181, 183, 186, 190-192, 195, 200, 204, 224-225, 228-229, 232-239, 241, 244-250, 255, 258-259, and 263 in Table 1 or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Embodiment 46 A compound selected from compounds 6, 12-18, 23-24, 26, 29, 31-36, 57-58, 60-62, 64-77, 90-97, 100-102, 104, 108, 111, 113, 115, 118-146, 149-175, 181-183, 186-187, 190, 195, 200, 204, 224-232, 234-239, 241, 244-250, 255, 258-259, and 263 in Table 1 or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Embodiment 47 A compound selected from compounds 6, 13-14, 16-18, 23-24, 26, 29, 31-34, 36, 57-62, 64-72, 74, 76, 91-104, 106-108, 111, 113, 115, 117-146, 149-154, 157, 159-174, 199, 200, 224-229, 234-241, 244-249, 255, 258-259, and 263 in Table 1 or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Embodiment 48 A compound selected from compounds 6, 12-18, 23-24, 26, 29, 31-36, 42-45, 47-48, 52, 57-58, 60-78, 84-88, 90-97, 100-104, 106, 108, 111-113, 115, 118-146, 149-175, 177-178, 181-183, 185-187, 189-192, 194-195, 197-200, 203-232, 234-250, and 252-291 in Table 1 or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Embodiment 49 A compound selected from compounds 6, 13-14, 16-18, 23-24, 26, 29, 31-34, 36, 42-45, 47-48, 52, 57-62, 64-72, 74, 76, 84-88, 91-104, 106-108, 111, 113, 115, 117-146, 149-154, 157, 159-174, 199, 200, 224-229, 234-241, 244-249, 255, 258-259, and 263 in Table 1 or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Embodiment 50 A compound selected from compounds 42-45, 47-48, and 52 in Table 1 or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Embodiment 51 A compound selected from compounds 112, 205-218, 242-243, 252-254, 261-262, and 264-291 in Table 1 or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Embodiment 52 A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 1-51, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • Embodiment 53 A method of treating cancer, the method comprising administering an effective amount of a compound or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of embodiments 1-51, or a pharmaceutical composition of embodiment 52.
  • Embodiment 54 The method of embodiment 53, wherein the cancer is characterized as comprising a KRas mutation.
  • Embodiment 55 The method of embodiment 54, wherein the KRas mutation corresponds to a KRas G12D mutation.
  • Embodiment 56 The method of any one of embodiments 53-55, further comprising testing a sample from the patient before administration for the absence or presence of a KRas G12D mutation.
  • Embodiment 57 The method of embodiment 56, wherein the compound, stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or pharmaceutical composition is administered to the patient after the patient sample shows the presence of a KRas G12D mutation.
  • Embodiment 58 The method of any one of embodiments 53-57, wherein the cancer is tissue agnostic.
  • Embodiment 59 The method of any one of embodiments 53-57, wherein the cancer is pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, or colorectal cancer.
  • Embodiment 60 The method of embodiment 59, wherein the lung cancer is lung adenocarcinoma, NSCLC, or SCLC.
  • Embodiment 61 The method of embodiment 59, wherein the cancer is pancreatic cancer.
  • Embodiment 62 The method of embodiment 59, wherein the cancer is colorectal cancer.
  • Embodiment 63 The method of any one of embodiments 53-62, further comprising administering at least one additional therapeutic agent.
  • Embodiment 64 The method of embodiment 63, wherein the additional therapeutic agent comprises an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, phosphatidylinositol kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) inhibitor, a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, a Met kinase inhibitor, a SRC family kinase inhibitor, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor, an extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor, a topoisomerase inhibitor, a taxane, an anti-metabolite agent, or an alkylating agent.
  • EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
  • PI3K phosphatidylinositol kinase
  • IGF1R insulin-like growth factor receptor
  • JK Janus kinase
  • MEK mitogen-activated protein kinase
  • ERK extracellular-
  • Embodiment 65 A compound according to any one of embodiments 1-51, or a stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use as a therapeutically active substance.
  • Embodiment 66 Use of a compound of any one of embodiments 1-51, or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the therapeutic treatment of a cancer comprising a KRas G12D mutation.
  • Embodiment 67 Use of a compound according to any one of embodiments 1-51, or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting tumor metastasis.
  • Embodiment 68 Use of a compound of any one of embodiments 1-51, or stereoisomer, 15 atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the preparation of a medicament for the therapeutic treatment of a cancer comprising a KRas G12D mutation.
  • Embodiment 69 A compound according to any one of embodiments 1-51, or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically salt thereof, for the therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment of a cancer comprising a KRas G12D mutation.
  • Embodiment 70 A method for regulating activity of a KRas mutant protein, the method comprising reacting the mutant protein with a compound of any one of embodiments 1-51, or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Embodiment 71 A method for inhibiting proliferation of a cell population, the method comprising contacting the cell population with the compound of any one of embodiments 1-51, or 25 stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Embodiment 72 A method of embodiment 71, wherein the inhibition of proliferation is measured as a decrease in cell viability of the cell population.
  • Embodiment 73 A method for inhibiting tumor metastasis comprising administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of any one of embodiments 1-51, or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a subject in need thereof.
  • Embodiment 74 A compound of any one of embodiments 1-51, or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in regulating activity of a KRas mutant protein.
  • Embodiment 75 A compound of any one of embodiments 1-51, or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in inhibiting proliferation of a cell population.
  • Embodiment 76 The compound, stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt for use of embodiment 75, wherein the inhibition of proliferation is measured as a decrease in cell viability of the cell population.
  • Embodiment 77 A compound of any one of embodiments 1-51, or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in inhibiting tumor metastasis.
  • Embodiment 78 Use of a compound of any one of embodiments 1-51, or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for regulating activity of a KRas mutant protein.
  • Embodiment 79 Use of a compound of any one of embodiments 1-51, or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting proliferation of a cell population.
  • Embodiment 80 The use of embodiment 79, wherein the inhibition of proliferation is measured as a decrease in cell viability of the cell population.
  • Embodiment 81 Use of a compound of any one of embodiments 1-51, or stereoisomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting tumor metastasis.
  • Step 2 tert-Butyl N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluoro-4-pyridyl)carbamate
  • Step 3 tert-Butyl 4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2,6-dichloro-5-fluoronicotinate
  • Step 1 tert-Butyl (1R,5S)-8-benzyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3-carboxylate
  • Step 2 3-(tert-Butyl) 2-methyl (1R,2S,5S)-8-benzyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,3-dicarboxylate and 3-(tert-Butyl) 2-methyl (1R,2R,5S)-8-benzyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,3-dicarboxylate
  • the mixture was separated by chiral-SFC (Column: Lux® 5 ⁇ m Cellulose-2, 5 ⁇ 25 cm, 5 um; Mobile Phase A: CO 2 , Mobile Phase B: MeOH (0.1% 2M NH 3 -MeOH); Flow rate: 180 mL/min; Gradient: 18% B; 220 nm; RT 1 :5.07; RT 2 : 5.57) to afford 5.9 g the faster peak and 5.6 g of the slower peak as yellow oil.
  • LC-MS: (ESI, m/z): [M+H] + 361.
  • Step 3 tert-Butyl (1R,2S,5S)-8-benzyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3-carboxylate
  • Step 6 tert-Butyl (6S,9R,9aS)-3-oxohexahydro-1H,3H-6,9-epiminooxazolo[3,4-a]azepine-10-carboxylate
  • Step 7 tert-Butyl (1R,2S,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate
  • Step 1 tert-Butyl 8-benzyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3-carboxylate
  • Step 4 tert-Butyl (1S,6S,9R,9aS)-1-methyl-3-oxohexahydro-1H,3H-6,9-epiminooxazolo[3,4-a]azepine-10-carboxylate
  • Step 5 tert-Butyl (1R,2S,5S)-2-((S)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate
  • Step 1 Ethyl (S)-2,5-dioxotetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizine-7a(5H)-carboxylate and Ethyl (R)-2,5-dioxotetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizine-7a(5H)-carboxylate
  • Step 3 Ethyl (2R,7aS)-2-fluoro-5-oxotetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizine-7a(5H)-carboxylate and Ethyl (2S,7aS)-2-fluoro-5-oxotetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizine-7a(5H)-carboxylate
  • Step 1 tert-Butyl (1S,2S,5R)-2-(((7-chloro-8-fluoro-2-(methylthio)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)oxy)methyl)-3, 8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate
  • Step 2 tert-Butyl (5aS,6S,9R)-2-chloro-1-fluoro-12-(methylthio)-5a,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-5H-4-oxa-3,10a,11,13,14-pentaaza-6,9-methanonaphtho[1,8-ab]heptalene-14-carboxylate
  • Step 1 tert-Butyl (1S,2S,5R)-2-((S)-1-((7-chloro-8-fluoro-2-(methylthio)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)oxy)ethyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate
  • Step 2 tert-Butyl (5S,5aS,6S,9R)-2-chloro-1-fluoro-5-methyl-12-(methylthio)-5a,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-5H-4-oxa-3,10a,11,13,14-pentaaza-6,9-methanonaphtho[1,8-ab]heptalene-14-carboxylate
  • Step 3 tert-Butyl (1S,2S,5R)-2-(((7-chloro-8-fluoro-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)oxy)methyl)-3, 8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate
  • Step 4 tert-Butyl (5aS,6S,9R)-2-chloro-1-fluoro-5a,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-5H-4-oxa-3,10a,11,13,14-pentaaza-6,9-methanonaphtho[1,8-ab]heptalene-14-carboxylate
  • Step 1 tert-Butyl (1R,2S,5S)-2-((S)-1-((7-chloro-8-fluoro-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)oxy)ethyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate
  • Step 2 tert-Butyl (5S,5aS,6S,9R)-2-chloro-1-fluoro-5-methyl-5a,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-5H-4-oxa-3,10a,11,13,14-pentaaza-6,9-methanonaphtho[1,8-ab]heptalene-14-carboxylate
  • Step 2 6-Fluoro-1-methyl-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indazole
  • Step 1 6-(Allylthio)-N,N-bis(4-methoxybenzyl)-4-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine
  • Step 2 6-(Allylsulfonyl)-N, N-bis(4-methoxybenzyl)-4-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2 amine
  • Step 1 7-Fluoro-8-((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphthalen-1-ol
  • Step 2 7-Fluoro-8-((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphthalen-1-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate
  • Step 3 ((2-Fluoro-8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)ethynyl)triisopropylsilane
  • Step 2 2-Fluoro-N,N-bis(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline
  • Step 4 (5-(Bis(4-methoxybenzyl)amino)-4-fluoro-3-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)boronic acid
  • Step 4 2-fluoro-N,N-bis(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline
  • Step 1 N-(5-Bromonaphthalen-1-yl)-1,1,1-trimethyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)silanamine
  • Step 2 N-(5-Fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)-1,1,1-trimethyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)silanamine
  • Step 8 2-(8-Fluoro-3-(methoxymethoxy)naphthalen-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane
  • Step 1 3-(Methoxymethoxy)-8-((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphthalen-1-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate

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