US20230287293A1 - Lubricating oil composition, shock absorber, and method for using lubricating oil composition - Google Patents

Lubricating oil composition, shock absorber, and method for using lubricating oil composition Download PDF

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US20230287293A1
US20230287293A1 US18/041,595 US202118041595A US2023287293A1 US 20230287293 A1 US20230287293 A1 US 20230287293A1 US 202118041595 A US202118041595 A US 202118041595A US 2023287293 A1 US2023287293 A1 US 2023287293A1
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lubricating oil
oil composition
mass
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present
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Shuichi Sakanoue
Kenji Kobayashi
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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Assigned to IDEMITSU KOSAN CO.,LTD. reassignment IDEMITSU KOSAN CO.,LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KOBAYASHI, KENJI, SAKANOUE, SHUICHI
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/041—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being macromolecular compounds only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M157/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M143/00 - C10M155/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M157/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M143/00 - C10M155/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M157/02 - C10M157/08
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
    • C10M143/02—Polyethylene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
    • C10M143/04—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing propene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
    • C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
    • C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M157/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M143/00 - C10M155/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/003—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/022—Ethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/024—Propene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/017—Specific gravity or density
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/68—Shear stability
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/06—Instruments or other precision apparatus, e.g. damping fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition, a shock absorber using the lubricating oil composition, and a method for using the lubricating oil composition.
  • a shock absorber is used by being filled with a lubricating oil composition for a shock absorber, and is a mechanism mounted on a car body in order to generate a damping force that damps the vibration of the car body, to optimize the friction characteristics of the sliding portion to control the riding quality of the car body, to suppress the friction wear of the sliding portion to secure durability, and the like.
  • Patent Literature 1 discloses an invention relating to a lubricating oil composition for a shock absorber that contains a lubricating base oil having a predetermined kinematic viscosity, a non-dispersed poly(meth)acrylate-based viscosity modifier having a weight average molecular weight of 30,000 to 200,000, and a primary zinc dialkyldithiophosphate and a secondary zinc dialkyldithiophosphate in a predetermined content ratio.
  • the lubricating oil composition described in Patent Literature 1 has been found to be insufficient in an effect of suppressing cavitation.
  • a lubricating oil composition used for lubrication of a shock absorber in which not only the effect of suppressing cavitation, but also characteristics such as cold startability and shear stability are improved is required.
  • the present invention provides a lubricating oil composition used for lubrication of a shock absorber containing a base oil, a polyalkyl (meth)acrylate having a predetermined weight average molecular weight, and an olefin copolymer having a predetermined weight average molecular weight.
  • the present invention provides the following embodiments [1] to [10].
  • the lubricating oil composition of one preferred embodiment of the present invention is excellent in characteristics such as cold startability, shear stability, and an effect of suppressing cavitation, and the lubricating oil composition of the particularly preferred embodiment is excellent in all of the cold startability, the shear stability, and the effect of suppressing cavitation, and therefore, it can be suitably applied to lubrication of a shock absorber.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a testing apparatus for evaluating the effect of suppressing cavitation.
  • a kinematic viscosity and a viscosity index mean values measured and calculated in accordance with JIS K2283:2000.
  • weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the number average molecular weight (Mn) are values in terms of standard polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and specifically mean values measured by the method described in Examples.
  • a description of “60 to 100” as the numerical range described in the present specification means a range of “60 or more and 100 or less”.
  • the lubricating oil composition of the present invention contains a base oil (A), a polyalkyl (meth)acrylate (B) having a weight average molecular weight of 150,000 to 900,000, and an olefin copolymer (C) having a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 or less.
  • the lubricating oil composition used for a shock absorber requires various characteristics. As one of such characteristics, the effect of suppressing cavitation is required. Cavitation refers to a physical phenomenon in which generation and extinction of bubbles occur in a short time due to the pressure difference in the flow of the lubricating oil composition, leading to a factor for causing deterioration of responsiveness of shock absorbers and noises. For example, the generation of cavitation in a shock absorber mounted on a vehicle affects the ride quality of the vehicle and the like.
  • the lubricating oil composition used for a shock absorber requires not only the effect of suppressing cavitation, but also characteristics such as cold startability and shear stability.
  • the present inventors have intensively studied to obtain a lubricating oil composition in which these characteristics are improved in good balance, and have found that a combination of a polyalkyl (meth)acrylate (B) and an olefin copolymer (C) each having a predetermined weight average molecular weight is useful.
  • the component (B) is a factor that may improve the effect of suppressing cavitation and cold startability, but causes a reduction of the shear stability
  • the component (C) is a factor that may improve the effect of suppressing cavitation and shear stability, but causes a reduction of the cold startability.
  • the present inventors have found that a lubricating oil composition in which cold startability, shear stability, and the effect of suppressing cavitation are improved in good balance can be obtained by using the components (B) and (C) in combination.
  • the present invention has been made based on the findings.
  • the content ratio [(B)/(C)] by mass of the component (B) to the component (C) is preferably 1/99 to 90/10, more preferably 5/85 to 80/20, more preferably 10/90 to 70/30, still more preferably 15/85 to 60/40, still much more preferably 20/80 to 50/50, and particularly preferably 25/75 to 45/55.
  • the total content of the component (B) and the component (C) is preferably 20.0 mass % or less, more preferably 16.0 mass % or less, still more preferably 10.0 mass % or less, still much more preferably 8.0 mass % or less, and particularly preferably 6.0 mass % or less, and from the viewpoint of further improving the effect of suppressing cavitation, the total content of the component (B) and the component (C) is preferably 0.2 mass % or more, more preferably 0.6 mass % or more, still more preferably 1.0 mass % or more, still much more preferably 1.6 mass % or more, and particularly preferably 2.0 mass % or more, based on the total amount (100 mass %) of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the components (B) and (C) are often commercially available in a form of a solution dissolved in a diluent oil.
  • the content of the components (B) and (C) is, in a solution diluted with a diluent oil, a content in terms of resin content constituting the component (B) or (C), excluding the mass of the diluent oil.
  • the lubricating oil composition of one embodiment of the present invention may further contain lubricating oil additives other than the components (B) to (C).
  • the total content of the components (A) to (C) is preferably 80 to 100 mass %, more preferably 85 to 100 mass %, still more preferably 90 to 100 mass %, still much more preferably 95 to 100 mass %, and particularly preferably 98 to 100 mass %, and further may be more than 98.5 mass % and 100 mass % or less, more than 99.0 mass % and 100 mass % or less, more than 99.5 mass % and 100 mass % or less, or more than 99.7 mass % and 100 mass % or less, based on the total amount (100 mass %) of the lubricating oil composition.
  • base oil which is the component (A) used in one embodiment of the present invention
  • one or more selected from mineral oils and synthetic oils can be mentioned.
  • mineral oils examples include atmospheric residues obtained by subjecting crude oils, such as paraffinic crude oil, intermediate base crude oil and naphthenic crude oil, to atmospheric distillation; distillates obtained by subjecting these atmospheric residues to vacuum distillation; and refined oils obtained by subjecting the distillates to one or more of refining treatments, such as solvent deasphalting, solvent extraction, hydrocracking, solvent dewaxing, catalytic dewaxing, and hydrorefining.
  • synthetic oils examples include poly- ⁇ -olefins, such as an ⁇ -olefin homopolymer; isoparaffin; polyalkylene glycol; ester oils, such as polyol ester, dibasic acid ester, and phosphoric acid ester; ether in oils, such as polyphenyl ether; alkylbenzene; alkylnaphthalene; and synthetic oil (GTL) obtained by isomerizing wax (GTL WAX (Gas To Liquids WAX)) produced from natural gas through Fischer-Tropsch process or the like.
  • GTL WAX Gas To Liquids WAX
  • the component (A) used in one embodiment of the present invention it is preferable to contain one or more selected from mineral oils classified in Group II and Group III of API (American Petroleum Institute) base oil categories, and synthetic oils, as the component (A) used in one embodiment of the present invention.
  • mineral oils classified in Group II and Group III of API American Petroleum Institute
  • synthetic oils synthetic oils
  • the kinematic viscosity of the component (A) used in one embodiment of the present invention at 40° C. is preferably 3.0 to 100 mm 2 /s, more preferably 4.0 to 70 mm 2 /s, still more preferably 5.0 to 40 mm 2 /s, still much more preferably 5.5 to 30 mm 2 /s, and particularly preferably 6.0 to 20 mm 2 /s.
  • the viscosity index of the component (A) used in one embodiment of the present invention is appropriately set depending on the applications of the lubricating oil composition, and is preferably 70 or more, more preferably 80 or more, still more preferably 90 or more, still much more preferably 100 or more, and particularly preferably 105 or more.
  • the kinematic viscosity and the viscosity index of the mixed oil are preferably in the above ranges.
  • the content of the component (A) is preferably 60 mass % or more, more preferably 70 mass % or more, more preferably 75 mass % or more, still more preferably 80 mass % or more, still much more preferably 85 mass % or more, and particularly preferably 90 mass % or more, and is preferably 99.8 mass % or less, more preferably 99.5 mass % or less, still more preferably 99.0 mass % or less, still much more preferably 98.5 mass % or less, and particularly preferably 98.0 mass % or less, based on the total amount (100 mass %) of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the lubricating oil composition of the present invention contains a polyalkyl (meth)acrylate having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 150,000 to 900,000 as the component (B).
  • Mw weight average molecular weight
  • Mw weight average molecular weight
  • the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polyalkyl (meth)acrylate used in one embodiment of the present invention as the component (B) is 150,000 or more, and from the viewpoint of obtaining a lubricating oil composition in which the effect of suppressing cavitation and cold startability are further improved, it is preferably 200,000 or more, more preferably 250,000 or more, more preferably 260,000 or more, more preferably 270,000 or more, more preferably 300,000 or more, still more preferably 320,000 or more, still more preferably 350,000 or more, still more preferably 370,000 or more, still more preferably 400,000 or more, still much more preferably 420,000 or more, still much more preferably 450,000 or more, still much more preferably 470,000 or more, still much more preferably 500,000 or more, and particularly preferably 520,000 or more.
  • the weight average molecular weight (Mw) thereof is 900,000 or less, and from the viewpoint of obtaining a lubricating oil composition having further improved shear stability, it is preferably 850,000 or less, more preferably 800,000 or less, more preferably 750,000 or less, still more preferably 700,000 or less, still much more preferably 650,000 or less, and particularly preferably 600,000 or less.
  • the content of the component (B) is preferably 0.1 mass % or more, more preferably 0.2 mass % or more, still more preferably 0.3 mass % or more, still much more preferably 0.5 mass % or more, and particularly preferably 0.7 mass % or more, and from the viewpoint of obtaining a lubricating oil composition having further improved shear stability, the content of the component (B) is preferably 10.0 mass % or less, more preferably 8.0 mass % or less, still more preferably 5.0 mass % or less, still much more preferably 3.0 mass % or less, and particularly preferably 2.0 mass % or less, based on the total amount (100 mass %) of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the component (B) used in one embodiment of the present invention may be a polymer having a structural unit derived from an alkyl acrylate or an alkyl methacrylate (hereinafter, collectively referred to as “alkyl (meth)acrylate”), or may be a copolymer having a structural unit derived from a monomer other than the alkyl (meth)acrylate.
  • the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group in the alkyl (meth)acrylate may be 1 or more, 3 or more, 5 or more, or 10 or more, and may be 60 or less, 40 or less, 30 or less, or 20 or less.
  • the content of the structural unit derived from the alkyl (meth)acrylate may be 10 mol % or more, 30 mol % or more, 50 mol % or more, 60 mol % or more, 70 mol % or more, 80 mol % or more, 90 mol % or more, 95 mol % or more, or 99 mol % or more, based on the total amount (100 mol %) of the structural unit of the component (B).
  • the component (B) used in one embodiment of the present invention may be a comb-shaped polymer.
  • the comb-shaped polymer used in one embodiment of the present invention as the component (B) is only required to be a polymer having a structure including a large number of three-way branch points from which a side chain having a high-molecular weight comes out, in the main chain.
  • SSI sinar stability index of the comb-shaped polymer used in one embodiment of the present invention as the component (B) is preferably 100 or less, more preferably 80 or less, still more preferably 70 or less, still much more preferably 60 or less, and particularly preferably 50 or less.
  • the lower limit value of SSI of the comb-shaped polymer is not particularly limited, and is usually 0.1 or more.
  • SSI shear stability index
  • Kv 0 is a value of the kinematic viscosity of a sample oil at 100° C. in which the polymer component is diluted in a mineral oil
  • Kv 1 is a value of the kinematic viscosity of the sample oil at 100° C. in which the polymer component is diluted in a mineral oil, after being subjected to irradiation with ultrasonic wave for 30 minutes by an output method in accordance with the procedures of JPI-5S-29-06.
  • Kv oil is a value of the kinematic viscosity of the mineral oil at 100° C. used when the polymer component is diluted.
  • the value of SSI of the comb-shaped polymer varies with the structure thereof. Specifically, there are the following tendencies, and by considering these matters, the value of SSI of the comb-shaped polymer can be easily adjusted. The following matters are merely examples, and the value of SSI of the comb-shaped polymer can also be adjusted by considering matters other than these matters.
  • the comb-shaped polymer used in one embodiment of the present invention as the component (B) is preferably a polymer at least having a structural unit (X1) derived from a macromonomer (x1).
  • This structural unit (X1) corresponds to the aforementioned “side chain having a high-molecular weight”.
  • macromonomer (x1) means a high-molecular weight monomer having a polymerizable functional group, and is preferably a high-molecular weight monomer having a polymerizable functional group at a terminal thereof.
  • the content of the structural unit (X1) is preferably 0.5 to 20 mol %, more preferably 0.7 to 10 mol %, and still more preferably 0.9 to 5 mol %, based on the total amount (100 mol %) of the structural unit of the comb-shaped polymer.
  • the content of the structural unit in the comb-shaped polymer means a value calculated by analyzing the 13 C-NMR quantitative spectrum.
  • the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the macromonomer (x1) is preferably 300 or more, more preferably 400 or more, still more preferably 500 or more, and preferably 100,000 or less, more preferably 50,000 or less, still more preferably 20,000 or less.
  • the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the macromonomer (x1) is preferably 300 to 100,000, more preferably 400 to 50,000, and still more preferably 500 to 20,000.
  • Examples of the polymerizable functional group included in the macromonomer (x1) include an acryloyl group (CH 2 ⁇ CH—COO—), a methacryloyl group (CH 2 ⁇ CCH 3 —COO—), an ethenyl group (CH 2 ⁇ CH—), a vinyl ether group (CH 2 ⁇ CH—O—), an allyl group (CH 2 ⁇ CH—CH 2 —), an allyl ether group (CH 2 ⁇ CH—CH 2 —O—), a group represented by CH 2 ⁇ CH—CONH—, and a group represented by CH 2 ⁇ CCH 3 —CONH—.
  • the macromonomer (x1) may have, for example, one or more repeating units represented by the following general formulae (i) to (iii).
  • R b1 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • R b2 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • R b3 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
  • R b4 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • R b1 , R b2 , R b3 and R b4 may be each the same as one another or may be different from one another.
  • the macromonomer (x1) is preferably a polymer having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (i), and more preferably a polymer having a repeating unit (X1-1) in which R b1 in the general formula (i) is at least one selected from a 1,2-butylene group and a 1,4-butylene group.
  • the content of the repeating unit (X1-1) is preferably 1 to 100 mol %, more preferably 20 to 95 mol %, still more preferably 40 to 90 mol %, and still much more preferably 50 to 80 mol %, based on the total amount (100 mol %) of the structural unit of the macromonomer (x1).
  • the form of copolymer may be a block copolymer or may be a random copolymer.
  • the comb-shaped polymer used in one embodiment of the present invention as a component (B) may be a homopolymer consisting only of a structural unit (X1) derived from one macromonomer (x1), or may be a copolymer having a structural unit (X1) derived from two or more macromonomers (x1).
  • the comb-shaped polymer used in one embodiment of the present invention as a component (B) may be a copolymer having a structural unit (X2) derived from a monomer other than the macromonomer (x1) together with a structural unit (X1) derived from a macromonomer (x1).
  • a copolymer having a side chain including the structural unit (X1) derived from the macromonomer (x1) relative to the main chain including the structural unit (X2) derived from the monomer (x2) is preferable.
  • Examples of the monomer (x2) include alkyl (meth)acrylate, a nitrogen atom-containing vinyl monomer, a hydroxyl group-containing vinyl monomer, a phosphorus atom-containing monomer, an aliphatic hydrocarbon-based vinyl monomer, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon-based vinyl monomer, vinyl ester, vinyl ether, vinyl ketone, an epoxy group-containing vinyl monomer, a halogen element-containing vinyl monomer, an ester of unsaturated polycarboxylic acid, (di)alkyl fumarate, (di)alkyl maleate, and an aromatic hydrocarbon-based vinyl monomer.
  • the monomer (x2) is preferably a monomer other than the phosphorus atom-containing monomer and the aromatic hydrocarbon-based vinyl monomer, more preferably includes one or more selected from a monomer represented by the following general formula (al), alkyl(meth)acrylate, and a hydroxyl group-containing vinyl monomer, and still more preferably includes at least a hydroxyl group-containing vinyl monomer (x2-d).
  • R b11 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
  • R b12 is a single bond, a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, —O—, or —NH—.
  • R b13 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Moreover, n represents an integer of 1 or more (preferably an integer of 1 to 20, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 5). When n is an integer of 2 or more, each R b13 may be the same as one another or may be different from one another, and further, the (R b13 O) n moiety may be a random bond or a block bond.
  • R b14 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 60 (preferably 10 to 50, and more preferably 20 to 40) carbon atoms.
  • the lubricating oil composition of the present invention contains an olefin copolymer having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 100,000 or less as the component (C).
  • Mw weight average molecular weight
  • the lubricating oil composition of the present invention contains an olefin copolymer having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 100,000 or less as the component (C).
  • the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the olefin copolymer used in one embodiment of the present invention as the component (C) is 100,000 or less, and from the viewpoint of obtaining a lubricating oil composition having further improved cold startability and shear stability while having a further improved effect of suppressing cavitation, it is preferably 80,000 or less, more preferably 70,000 or less, more preferably 60,000 or less, still more preferably 40,000 or less, still much more preferably 30,000 or less, and particularly preferably 25,000 or less.
  • the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the olefin copolymer as the component (C) may be 500 or more, 1,000 or more, 3,000 or more, 5,000 or more, 7,000 or more, 8,000 or more, more than 8,000, 8,500 or more, 9,000 or more, 9,500 or more, 10,000 or more, 11,000 or more, 12,000 or more, or 13,000 or more.
  • the content of the component (C) is preferably 0.1 mass % or more, more preferably 0.3 mass % or more, still more preferably 0.5 mass % or more, still much more preferably 0.8 mass % or more, and particularly preferably 1.0 mass % or more, and from the viewpoint of obtaining a lubricating oil composition having further improved cold startability, the content of the component (C) is preferably 10.0 mass % or less, more preferably 8.0 mass % or less, still more preferably 5.0 mass % or less, still much more preferably 4.0 mass % or less, and particularly preferably 3.0 mass % or less, and further may be 2.5 mass % or less, or 2.0 mass % or less, based on the total amount (100 mass %) of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the component (C) used in one embodiment of the present invention is preferably a copolymer having a structural unit derived from a monomer having an alkenyl group, and examples thereof include a copolymer of an ⁇ -olefin having 2 to 20 (preferably 2 to 16, more preferably 2 to 14) carbon atoms, and more specific examples thereof include an ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer.
  • the number of carbon atoms of the ⁇ -olefin constituting the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer is preferably 3 to 20, more preferably 3 to 16, still more preferably 3 to 14, still much more preferably 3 to 6, and particularly preferably 3.
  • the component (C) used in one embodiment of the present invention may be a dispersion type olefin-based copolymer.
  • dispersion type olefin-based copolymer examples include a copolymer obtained by graft-polymerizing the aforementioned ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer with maleic acid, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, N-vinyl imidazole, or glycidyl acrylate.
  • the component (C) used in one embodiment of the present invention may be a copolymer further having a structural unit derived from an aromatic monomer together with a structural unit derived from a monomer having an alkenyl group.
  • examples of such an olefin-based copolymer include styrene-based copolymers such as a styrene-diene copolymer and a styrene-isoprene copolymer.
  • the component (C) used in one embodiment of the present invention preferably contains an ethylene propylene copolymer (C1).
  • the content ratio of the component (C1) is preferably 30 to 100 mass %, more preferably 50 to 100 mass %, still more preferably 70 to 100 mass %, still much more preferably 80 to 100 mass %, and particularly preferably 90 to 100 mass %, based on the total amount (100 mass %) of the component (C) contained in the lubricating oil composition.
  • the lubricating oil composition of one embodiment of the present invention may further contain lubricating oil additives other than the component (B) and the component (C) when needed as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
  • lubricating oil additives examples include an antioxidant such as a phenol-based antioxidant and an amino-based antioxidant; a metal-based detergent such as metal sulfonate, metal salicylate, and metal phenate; ashless dispersants such as alkenyl succinimide; a friction modifier such as a molybdenum-based friction modifier, a fatty acid ester, fatty acid, and an aliphatic alcohol; an anti-wear agent such as zinc dithiophosphate; an extreme-pressure agent such as a phosphorus-based extreme-pressure agent, a sulfur-based extreme-pressure agent, and a sulfur-phosphorus-based extreme-pressure agent; an anti-foaming agent such as a silicone-based anti-foaming agent; a metal deactivator such as a benzotriazole-based compound; an anticorrosive; and an antistatic agent.
  • an antioxidant such as a phenol-based antioxidant and an amino-based antioxidant
  • a metal-based detergent such as metal sulf
  • lubricating oil additives may be each used singly, or may be each used in combination of two or more.
  • the contents of these lubricating oil additives can be each appropriately prepared as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, but the contents of the additives are each independently usually 0.001 to 15 mass %, preferably 0.005 to 10 mass %, and more preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, based on the total amount (100 mass %) of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the production method for the lubricating oil composition of one embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of productivity, preferable is a method having a step of compounding the component (B) and the component (C), and if necessary, other lubricating oil additives with the component (A).
  • the resin component such as the component (B) and the component (C) is preferably in a form of a solution dissolved in a diluent oil and the solution is preferably compounded with the component (A).
  • the kinematic viscosity of the lubricating oil composition of one embodiment of the present invention at 40° C. is preferably 5.0 to 130 mm 2 /s, more preferably 6.5 to 100 mm 2 /s, still more preferably 8.0 to 100 mm 2 /s, still much more preferably 10.0 to 60 mm 2 /s, and particularly preferably 11.0 to 40 mm 2 /s.
  • the kinematic viscosity of the lubricating oil composition of one embodiment of the present invention at 100° C. is preferably 2.0 to 30 mm 2 /s, more preferably 2.3 to 20 mm 2 /s, still more preferably 2.6 to 15 mm 2 /s, still much more preferably 3.0 to 10 mm 2 /s, and particularly preferably 3.2 to 7.0 mm 2 /s.
  • the kinematic viscosity of the lubricating oil composition of one embodiment of the present invention at 150° C. is preferably 1.0 to 20 mm 2 /s, more preferably 1.2 to 10 mm 2 /s, still more preferably 1.4 to 7.0 mm 2 /s, still much more preferably 1.6 to 5.0 mm 2 /s, and particularly preferably 1.8 to 3.0 mm 2 /s.
  • the viscosity index of the lubricating oil composition of one embodiment of the present invention is preferably 100 or more, more preferably 120 or more, still more preferably 140 or more, still much more preferably 160 or more, and particularly preferably 180 or more.
  • the BF viscosity (Brookfield viscosity) of the lubricating oil composition of one embodiment of the present invention at ⁇ 40° C. is preferably 1,500 m ⁇ Pas or less, more preferably 1,400 m ⁇ Pas or less, still more preferably 1,300 m ⁇ Pas or less, and still much more preferably 1,200 m ⁇ Pas or less, and is preferably 100 m ⁇ Pas or more, more preferably 300 m ⁇ Pas or more, still more preferably 500 m ⁇ Pas or more, and still much more preferably 700 m ⁇ Pas or more.
  • the BF viscosity means a value measured in accordance with ASTM D2983-09.
  • the kinematic viscosity reduction rate calculated in accordance with the method described in Examples of the lubricating oil composition of one embodiment of the present invention below is preferably less than 11.0%, more preferably less than 10.5%, still more preferably less than 10.0%, and still much more preferably less than 9.5%.
  • the value of the cavitation factor calculated in accordance with the method described in Examples of the lubricating oil composition of one embodiment of the present invention below is preferably 0.45 or less, more preferably 0.44 or less, and still more preferably 0.43 or less, and typically 0.40 or more.
  • the lubricating oil composition of one embodiment of the present invention has excellent characteristics such as cold startability, shear stability, and the effect of suppressing cavitation.
  • the lubricating oil composition of one embodiment of the present invention can be suitably used for lubrication of a shock absorber, and more specifically, can be used for both a double cylinder type shock absorber and a single cylinder type shock absorber, and can be suitably used for both a shock absorber for two wheels and a shock absorber for four wheels.
  • the present invention can also provide the following [1] and [2].
  • the kinematic viscosity and viscosity index were measured and calculated in accordance with JIS K2283:2000.
  • each additive was compounded with the base oil in the types and compounding amounts shown in Table 1, thereby preparing each lubricating oil composition.
  • the compounding amount of each additive described in Table 1 describes the compounding amount in terms of active ingredients (in terms of solid content) from which the mass of the diluent oil was excluded, even when each additive was compounded in a state being dissolved in the diluent oil.
  • the 40° C. kinematic viscosity, 100° C. kinematic viscosity, 150° C. kinematic viscosity, and viscosity index were measured or calculated in accordance with the aforementioned method, and the following measurement or evaluation was carried out. The results of them are set forth in Table 1.
  • the BF viscosity at ⁇ 40° C. was measured in accordance with ASTM D2983-09.
  • the lubricating oil composition has more excellent cold startability.
  • the lubricating oil composition was determined to have excellent cold startability.
  • the shear test was carried out in accordance with the ultrasonic A method (JPI-5S-29) by using the lubricating oil composition prepared as the sample oil and irradiating 30 mL of the sample oil with ultrasonic waves at 25° C. for 60 minutes.
  • the output voltage of ultrasonic waves the value of an output voltage at which the reduction rate of the 40° C. kinematic viscosity after 30 mL of a standard oil whose 40° C. kinematic viscosity was measured in advance was irradiated with ultrasonic waves at 25° C. for 60 minutes was 25% was employed.
  • the 40° C. kinematic viscosity of the sample oil was measured before and after the shear test, and the kinematic viscosity reduction rate was calculated by the following expression, thereby evaluating the shear stability.
  • Kinematic viscosity reduction rate (%) ([40° C. kinematic viscosity of sample oil before shear test] ⁇ [40° C. kinematic viscosity of sample oil after shear test])/[40° C. kinematic viscosity of sample oil before shear test] ⁇ 100
  • the lubricating oil composition has more excellent shear stability.
  • the lubricating oil composition was determined to have excellent shear stability.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a testing apparatus for evaluating the effect of suppressing cavitation.
  • a testing apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 has an oil tank 11 that stores the sample oil of the subject to be evaluated, a pump 12 that circulates the sample oil, a heater 13 that adjusts the temperature of the sample oil, a flowmeter 14 that controls the flow velocity of the sample oil, valves 15 a , 15 b , and 15 c that control the flow of the sample oil, an observation tank 16 provided with an observation window made of sapphire on a side surface and an orifice 16 a with a diameter of 1 mm in an inlet on the upstream side, pressure gauges 17 a and 17 b on the upstream side and the downstream side of the observation tank, and a thermocouple 18 .
  • the oil tank 11 was filled with the lubricating oil composition prepared as the sample oil, the valves 15 a , 15 b , and 15 c were fully opened, the pump 12 and the heater 13 were operated, and the observation tank 16 was also filled with the sample oil while allowing the sample oil to be circulated along with a flow path 1 and a flow path 2 . Then, the state where the temperature of the sample oil reached 150° C. and stabilized was taken as the initial state.
  • the above cavitation score was evaluated by 11-grade in increments of one, by taking no generation of cavitation as “0” and the state where cavitation was most generated was “10”.
  • the criteria at each grade were based on the criteria defined in advance depending on the degree of generation of cavitation.
  • the cavitation factor was calculated from the following expression, and the value was set forth in Table 1.
  • Cavitation factor ( Pd +atmospheric pressure)/( Pu ⁇ Pd )
  • Pu is the pressure on the upstream side (unit: Pa) and Pd is the pressure on the downstream side (unit: Pa).
  • the lubricating oil composition has a higher effect of suppressing cavitation.
  • the value of the cavitation factor was 0.45 or less, the lubricating oil composition was determined to have an excellent effect of suppressing cavitation.
  • cavitation When cavitation with a cavitation score of “5” or more was already generated at the starting point at which the pressure on the upstream side exhibits 0.5 MPa, cavitation was considered to be generated at all times, which is set forth in Table 1 as “F”.
  • the lubricating oil composition prepared in Example 1 has excellent cold startability and shear stability, resulting in a high effect of suppressing cavitation.
  • the lubricating oil compositions prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 8 resulted in having poor cold startability, poor shear stability, or a poor effect of suppressing cavitation.

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