US20230203396A1 - Lubricant composition and use thereof - Google Patents

Lubricant composition and use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US20230203396A1
US20230203396A1 US17/996,623 US202117996623A US2023203396A1 US 20230203396 A1 US20230203396 A1 US 20230203396A1 US 202117996623 A US202117996623 A US 202117996623A US 2023203396 A1 US2023203396 A1 US 2023203396A1
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Prior art keywords
lubricant composition
weight
esters
oil
organic compound
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Inventor
Stefan Seemeyer
Patrick Wittmeyer
Danijela Grad
Erika Paulus
Maria Frackowiak
Balasubramaniam Vengudusamy
Max Sommer
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Klueber Lubrication Muenchen GmbH and Co KG
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Klueber Lubrication Muenchen SE and Co KG
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Assigned to KLUEBER LUBRICATION MUENCHEN SE & CO. KG reassignment KLUEBER LUBRICATION MUENCHEN SE & CO. KG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SEEMEYER, STEFAN, FRACKOWIAK, Maria, PAULUS, Erika, GRAD, Danijela, SOMMER, MAX, Vengudusamy, Balasubramaniam, WITTMEYER, Patrick
Publication of US20230203396A1 publication Critical patent/US20230203396A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
    • C10M2207/2815—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/086—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type polycarboxylic, e.g. maleic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/102—Polyesters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
    • C10M2215/065—Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/18—Anti-foaming property
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/36—Seal compatibility, e.g. with rubber
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/02—Bearings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to lubricant compositions and to the use thereof as gear oil, roller bearing oil and slide bearing oil for industry in general and as gear oil and slide bearing oil in the marine sector and in inland waterways, and in machines and machine elements on land that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media.
  • radial shaft sealing rings that are typically manufactured from elastomers such as FKM (fluoro rubber), NBR (nitrile-butadiene rubber), HNBR (hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber), ACM/AEM (acrylate elastomers/ethylene acrylic elastomers) and polyurethanes are used.
  • the importance of the seal compatibility of the lubricant is illustrated by the frequency of the causes of gear, slide bearing and roller bearing failures.
  • the proportion of gear, slide bearing and roller bearing failures caused by the incompatibility of lubricant and seal material is significantly higher than a proportion of gear, slide bearing and roller bearing failures caused by wear, for example. Therefore, the selection of the base oil component(s) for the lubricant and carefully matched selection of additives is essential in order to prevent damage to seal materials and nevertheless to achieve very good tribological properties.
  • a further problem is that many lubricants that are used in industry in general are unsuitable for occasional unintentional contact with foodstuffs, for example in the case of food applications; in other words, they do not have H1 certification under the NSF Code of Federal Regulations ⁇ 21 CFR 178.3570.
  • these lubricant compositions also have minimal toxicity and are permissible under NSF/H1 certification for occasional unintentional contact with foodstuffs, such that they are suitable for applications in the food processing industry.
  • biocompatible lubricants i.e. those having good biodegradability and minimal aquatoxicity, that have high compatibility with respect to seal materials, especially elastomer materials, especially for use as gear oil, roller bearing oil and slide bearing oil in the marine sector and in inland waterways.
  • seal materials especially elastomer materials, especially for use as gear oil, roller bearing oil and slide bearing oil in the marine sector and in inland waterways.
  • This also includes use in machines and machine elements on land that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media.
  • a lubricant composition comprising a base oil; at least one additive; and 0.001-10% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, of an organic compound comprising both a polar moiety and a nonpolar moiety, as lubricity improver, wherein the organic compound has a relative permittivity ⁇ r in the range from 1.5 to 10, and a quotient ⁇ S 1 / ⁇ S 2 for the organic compound is in the range from 1 to 25, wherein ⁇ S 1 denotes the sum total of the area(s) of the IR absorption band(s) in the wavenumber range of 3100-2750 cm ⁇ 1 in an ATR spectrum of the organic compound, and ⁇ S 2 denotes the sum total of the area(s) of the IR absorption band(s) in the wavenumber range of 1800-1650 cm ⁇ 1 in an ATR spectrum of the organic compound.
  • FIG. 1 is a line graph showing the measurement of the Stribeck curves for a base formulation without lubricity improver and a lubricant of the invention with lubricity improver.
  • FIG. 2 is a bar graph showing the transition speed of all lubricants tested.
  • FIGS. 3 A, 3 B, 3 C and 3 D are line graphs showing a plot of coefficient of friction over time.
  • FIGS. 4 A and 4 B are bar graphs showing elastomer wear.
  • FIG. 5 A is a bar graph showing weight loss.
  • FIG. 5 B is a bar graph showing change in wear scar width.
  • minimally toxic, i.e. NSF/H1-certified lubricants which are suitable for use as gear oil, roller bearing oil and slide bearing oil for industry in general, including applications in the food processing industry, and which likewise show the aforementioned advantageous properties with regard to seal compatibility and sliding characteristics.
  • biocompatible lubricants i.e. those having good biodegradability and minimal aquatoxicity, which bring about improved compatibility with respect to seal materials, especially elastomers, and at the same time bring about an improvement in sliding or lubrication characteristics, and which are suitable for use as gear oil, roller bearing oil and slide bearing oil in the marine sector and in inland waterways, and in machines and machine elements on land that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media.
  • a lubricant composition comprising, as constituents:
  • the organic compound has a relative permittivity ⁇ r in the range from 1.5 to 10, and wherein a quotient ⁇ S 1 / ⁇ S 2 for the organic compound is in the range from 1 to 25,
  • ⁇ S 1 denotes the sum total of the area(s) of the IR absorption band(s) in the wavenumber range of 3100-2750 cm ⁇ 1 in an ATR spectrum of the organic compound
  • ⁇ S 2 denotes the sum total of the area(s) of the IR absorption band(s) in the wavenumber range of 1800-1650 cm ⁇ 1 in an ATR spectrum of the organic compound.
  • lubricant composition In the context of the invention, the terms “lubricant composition”, “lubricant” and “formulation” are used synonymously.
  • organic compound includes both single compounds (i.e. molecules) and mixtures of single compounds, and also oligomers and polymers including homopolymers, copolymers and polymer blends, and mixtures thereof.
  • An oligomer in the context of the invention is understood to mean a molecule or chemical compound formed from a multitude of, especially two to ten, structurally identical or similar organic units (monomers) and especially having a weight-average molar mass (MW) up to about 1000.
  • a polymer (homopolymer) in the context of the invention is accordingly understood to mean a molecule or chemical compound formed from a high number, especially more than ten, structurally identical or similar organic units (monomers) and especially having a weight-average molar mass (Mw) of about 1000 or more.
  • a copolymer is understood to mean polymers composed of two or more different types of monomer unit.
  • the organic compound C) contains both a polar moiety and a nonpolar moiety, meaning that it is formed from one or more identical or different polar molecular moieties and one or more identical or different nonpolar molecular moieties, which results in a particular relative polarity.
  • Polar molecular moieties in the context of the invention may be any polar functional groups known to the person skilled in the art.
  • Nonpolar molecular moieties in the context of the invention may be any nonpolar groups known to the person skilled in the art, and they are especially selected from one or more from linear or branched or cyclic alkyl groups or aromatic groups, for example linear or branched alkylbenzene groups.
  • the organic compound C) has a relative permittivity ⁇ r in the range from 1.5 to 10, preferably from 1.7 to 8, especially preferably from 2 to 7, and most preferably from 2.3 to 5.
  • Permittivity also called dielectric conductivity, refers to a material property of electrically insulating polar or nonpolar substances, called dielectrics, and indicates the permeability of a material or substance to electrical fields. Relative permittivity is a measure of the field-attenuating effects of the dielectric polarization of the material or substance.
  • the organic compound C) present in accordance with the invention in the lubricant composition is additionally characterized in that it has a quotient ⁇ S 1 / ⁇ S 2 in the range from 1 to 25, preferably from 1.3 to 22, especially preferably 1.7 to 17, and most preferably from 2 to 14.
  • ⁇ S 1 denotes the sum total of the area(s) of the IR absorption band(s) in the wavenumber range of 3100-2750 cm ⁇ 1 in an ATR spectrum of the organic compound
  • ⁇ S 2 denotes the sum total of the area(s) of the IR absorption band(s) in the wavenumber range of 1800-1650 cm ⁇ 1 in an ATR spectrum of the organic compound.
  • ATR infrared spectroscopy is an analytical technique in infrared spectroscopy which is suitable for solid and liquid samples and is now the dominant IR methodology in many fields.
  • ATR infrared spectroscopy is based on the principle of total reflection (ATR, attenuated total reflection, see N. J. Harrick: Internal Reflection Spectroscopy. John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1967, ISBN 0-470-35250-7). This results in similar spectra to those in transmission spectroscopy.
  • the quotient ⁇ S 1 / ⁇ S 2 thus expresses the absorption in the wavenumber range of 3100-2750 cm ⁇ 1 , caused predominantly by nonpolar molecular moieties of the organic compound, relative to the absorption in the wavenumber range of 1800-1650 cm ⁇ 1 , caused predominantly by polar molecular moieties of the organic compound.
  • the quotient ⁇ S 1 / ⁇ S 2 can thus be interpreted as a measure of the polarity of the organic compound present in the lubricant composition that comprises both a polar moiety and a nonpolar moiety.
  • the amount of the organic compound C) in the lubricant composition is preferably 0.001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.05% by weight or more, for example 0.1% by weight or more, and 10% by weight or less, more preferably 5% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, in order to achieve optimal elastomer compatibility and lubricity.
  • the amount of the organic compound C) is 0.001-2.5% by weight, and even more preferably 0.05-1% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, in order to achieve optimal elastomer compatibility and lubricity.
  • the amount of the organic compound C) is 0.1-10% by weight, even more preferably 0.1-5% by weight, and most preferably 0.1-3% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, in order to achieve optimal elastomer compatibility and lubricity.
  • the organic compound that comprises both a polar moiety and a nonpolar moiety and meets the above-defined demands both on relative permittivity ⁇ r (in the range from 1.5 to 10) and on the quotient ⁇ S 1 / ⁇ S 2 (in the range from 1 to 25), in addition to the other components/constituents of the lubricant composition, such as base oil(s) or additive(s), it is surprisingly possible to achieve an improvement in sliding or lubrication characteristics, especially also in the case of low gear and bearing speeds and high load. Furthermore, the organic compound contributes to an improvement in the compatibility of the lubricant composition of the invention with respect to elastomer materials, such as FKM and NBR.
  • the organic compounds C) additionally have NSF/H1 certification, such that they are used in lubricants that are employed in the food processing industry as gear oil, roller bearing oil and slide bearing oil for occasional unintentional contact with food.
  • the organic compound C) is an organic compound which is additionally biodegradable (for example according to OECD Test Guideline 301 A-F or OECD 306) and/or has low aquatoxicity (for example according to OECD Test Guideline 201, 202, 203 or 236).
  • the organic compound is suitable for use in lubricants that are employed as gear oil, roller bearing oil and slide bearing oil in the marine sector and in inland waterways, and in machines and machine elements on land that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media.
  • Preferred examples of organic compounds that can advantageously be used as lubrication improver in the lubricant composition of the invention are, but are not limited to, the following compounds: maleic acid-olefin copolymers (commercially available, for example, as Ketjenlube® 135, Ketjenlube® 2700, Ketjenlube® 23000); modified polyesters (commercially available, for example, as PerfadTM 3000, Perfadm 3050); polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), linear polymers and star polymers (commercially available, for example, as Lubrizol 87725); oleic acid, especially mixtures of C16-C18 fatty acids and C18 unsaturated fatty acids (commercially available, for example, as Herwemag OA); glycerol monooleates (GMO), especially those with a mono content of min.
  • maleic acid-olefin copolymers commercially available, for example, as Ketjenlube® 135, Ketjenlube
  • free glycerol max. 6% (commercially available, for example, as Ilco Lube 2316); polymethacrylate (PMA), linear polymers and comb polymers (commercially available, for example, as Viscoplex® 3-200); comb polymers of 1-decene and 9-dodecyl acid methyl ester (commercially available, for example, as Elevance Aria® WTP 40); pentaerythritol tetraisostearate (commercially available, for example, as PriolubeTM 3987-LQ).
  • PMA polymethacrylate
  • linear polymers and comb polymers commercially available, for example, as Viscoplex® 3-200
  • comb polymers of 1-decene and 9-dodecyl acid methyl ester commercially available, for example, as Elevance Aria® WTP 40
  • pentaerythritol tetraisostearate commercially available, for example, as PriolubeTM 3987-LQ
  • the lubricant composition of the invention comprises a base oil component as further constituent A).
  • the base oil is preferably selected from synthetic esters, especially neopentyl glycol esters such as neopentyl glycol diisostearate, pentaerythritol esters such as pentaerythritol tetraisostearate, trimethylolpropane esters such as trimethylolpropane trioleate or trimethylolpropane tricaprylate, pentaerythritol and trimethylolpropane complex esters that have preferably been fully esterified or partly esterified in any mixture with saturated and/or mono- or polyunsaturated monocarboxylic acids and/or dicarboxylic acids of chain length 4 to 36 carbon atoms, which may be linear or branched, such as pentaerythritol isostearate sebacate complex esters or trimethylolpropane isostearate stearate sebacate complex esters, aliphatic carboxylic and dicarboxylic esters such as di(
  • complex esters in the context of the invention is especially understood to mean esters that have been prepared using, for example, dicarboxylic acids (i.e. dibasic carboxylic acids) as well as monocarboxylic acids (i.e. monobasic carboxylic acids) and polyols.
  • the base oil is selected from polyalphaolefins (PAOs), metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), white oils, mineral oils, neopentyl glycol esters, pentaerythritol esters, trimethylolpropane esters and pentaerythritol and trimethylolpropane complex esters that are preferably as defined above, aliphatic carboxylic and dicarboxylic esters, triglyceride fatty acid (C8/C10) esters, alkylnaphthalenes, ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin oligomers, and water-soluble, water-miscible and/or oil-soluble polyglycols, and mixtures of two or more of these.
  • PAOs polyalphaolefins
  • mPAOs metallocene polyalphaolefins
  • white oils mineral oils
  • neopentyl glycol esters pentaerythri
  • the base oil has NSF/H1 certification in order to enable use of the lubricant composition as gear oil, roller bearing oil and slide bearing oil for occasional unintentional contact with food in the food processing industry.
  • the base oil is selected from polyalphaolefins (PAOs), metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), white oils, farnesene-based oils, estolides and oil-soluble polyglycols, and mixtures of two or more of these.
  • PAOs polyalphaolefins
  • mPAOs metallocene polyalphaolefins
  • white oils white oils
  • farnesene-based oils farnesene-based oils
  • estolides estolides and oil-soluble polyglycols
  • biodegradable for example according to OECD Test Guideline 301 A-F or OECD 306), and can accordingly contribute to improved biodegradability of the lubricant composition, such that these are especially suitable for applications as gear oil, roller bearing oil and slide bearing oil in the marine sector and in inland waterways, and in machines and machine elements on land that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media.
  • the amount of the base oil or base oil mixture in the lubricant composition is generally determined by the amount of the further constituent/components present in the composition, meaning that the lubricant composition is made up to 100% by weight by the base oil.
  • the total amount of the base oil or base oil mixture is preferably at least 20% by weight, 30% by weight, 40% by weight, 50% by weight or 60% by weight.
  • the base oil or base oil mixture used in accordance with the invention has a viscosity of at least 5 mm 2 /s, more preferably of 5 mm 2 /s to 20 000 mm 2 /s, especially preferably of 5 mm 2 /s to 10 000 mm 2 /s, and very especially preferably of 5 mm 2 /s to 1700 mm 2 /s, in each case measured according to ASTM D 7042 at 40° C.
  • the lubricant composition of the invention additionally contains, as further constituent B), at least one additive as addition that improves a desired property of the lubricant.
  • additives or additions that are known in the prior art are antioxidants, antiwear additives, high-pressure additives, friction modifiers, anticorrosives, nonferrous metal deactivators, ion complex formers, solid lubricants, dispersants, pour point and viscosity improvers, UV stabilizers, emulsifiers, color indicators and defoamers, without being limited thereto.
  • the lubricant composition therefore contains at least one additive selected from antioxidants, antiwear additives, high-pressure additives, friction modifiers, anticorrosives, nonferrous metal deactivators, ion complex formers, solid lubricants, dispersants, pour point and viscosity improvers, UV stabilizers, emulsifiers, color indicators and defoamers.
  • the lubricant composition contains an additive mixture of two or more additives selected from antioxidants, antiwear additives, high-pressure additives, friction modifiers, anticorrosives, nonferrous metal deactivators, ion complex formers, solid lubricants, dispersants, pour point and viscosity improvers, UV stabilizers, emulsifiers, color indicators and defoamers.
  • additives selected from antioxidants, antiwear additives, high-pressure additives, friction modifiers, anticorrosives, nonferrous metal deactivators, ion complex formers, solid lubricants, dispersants, pour point and viscosity improvers, UV stabilizers, emulsifiers, color indicators and defoamers.
  • antioxidants By virtue of the addition of antioxidants, it is possible to further improve the oxidation stability of the lubricant composition and hence to achieve an increase in (thermal) stability.
  • the antioxidants are preferably selected from, but are not limited to, the following compounds: amine compounds (aminic antioxidants), especially linear or branched aliphatic amine compounds and aromatic amine compounds and salts thereof, where the aliphatic and aromatic amine compounds may be substituted by one or more radicals selected from linear and/or branched alkyl radicals and aryl radicals, phenol compounds (phenolic antioxidants); propionates; phosphites; sulfur compounds, especially sulfur-containing phenol compounds and sulfur-containing carboxylic acids, phosphorothionates, thiocarbamates, thiophosphates, and thiopropionates; and mixtures of these compounds.
  • amine compounds aminonic antioxidants
  • aromatic antioxidants especially linear or branched aliphatic amine compounds and aromatic amine compounds and salts thereof, where the aliphatic and aromatic amine compounds may be substituted by one or more radicals selected from linear and/or branched alkyl radicals and aryl radicals, phenol compounds (phenol
  • antioxidants are selected from aromatic diamines and secondary aromatic amines, phenolic resins, thiophenolic resins, phosphites, zinc thiocarbamate, zinc thiophosphate, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, phenyl-alpha-naphthylamines, phenyl-beta-naphthylamines, diphenylamine and diphenylamine derivatives, especially octylated diphenylamines, butylated diphenylamines and styrenized diphenylamines, quinoline and quinoline derivatives, naphthylamine and naphthylamine derivatives, di-alpha-tocopherol, di-tert-butylphenylpropanoic acid and esters thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • antioxidants that are particularly suitable in accordance with the invention are benzeneamine-, N-phenyl-, reaction products with 2,4,4-trimethylpentene, octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, bis(4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)amine, N-[(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]naphthalene-1-amine, isomer mixtures of 90% to 97.5% C7 to C9 alkyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate and 2.5% to 10% methyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, and thiodiethylene bis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], without being limited thereto.
  • Suitable antioxidants are commercially available.
  • the antioxidant is selected from phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, preferably linear or branched aliphatic amine compounds and aromatic amine compounds and salts thereof, where the aliphatic and aromatic compounds may be substituted by one or more radicals selected from linear and/or branched alkyl radicals and aryl radicals, propionates and thiopropionates, very particular preference being given to aminic antioxidants, especially in the case of use of the lubricant composition as gear oil, slide bearing oil and roller bearing oil in the field of the food processing industry for occasional unintentional contact with food.
  • the antioxidant is selected from phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, preferably linear or branched aliphatic amine compounds and aromatic amine compounds and salts thereof, where the aliphatic and aromatic compounds may be substituted by one or more radicals selected from linear and/or branched alkyl radicals and aryl radicals, phosphites, phosphorothionates and thiocarbamates, especially when the lubricant composition is used as gear oil, slide bearing oil and roller bearing oil in the marine sector and in inland waterways, and in machines and machine elements on land that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media, very particular preference being given to aminic antioxidants.
  • the antioxidant used may be a single compound or a combination of two or more compounds.
  • the lubricant composition of the invention may contain one or more anticorrosives.
  • the addition of anticorrosives can impart a corrosion- and rust-inhibiting effect to the lubricant composition.
  • Suitable anticorrosives are preferably selected from the group of the acid salts, especially carboxylic acid metal salts, sulfonic acid metal salts, naphthalenesulfonic acid metal salts, benzenesulfonic acid metal salts, benzoic acid metal salts, naphthoic acid metal salts, naphthenic acid metal salts, succinic acid metal salts, salicylic acid metal salts and phosphoric acid metal salts, and derivatives thereof, including linear and branched aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of the acids/acid salts, which may additionally be substituted by one or more radicals selected from linear and/or branched alkyl radicals and aryl radicals, with particular preference for sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) salts; amine, imine and imide compounds and metal salts thereof, especially linear and branched aliphatic amine, imine and imide compounds and aromatic amine, imine and im
  • Suitable anticorrosives are commercially available.
  • lubricant composition When the lubricant composition is used as gear oil, slide bearing oil and roller bearing oil in the sector of the food processing industry for occasional unintentional contact with food, particular preference is given to the use of N-methylglycine or derivatives thereof (e.g. sarcosine) as anticorrosive.
  • N-methylglycine or derivatives thereof e.g. sarcosine
  • the anticorrosive is selected from the group of the carboxylic acid metal salts, sulfonic acid metal salts, benzenesulfonic acid metal salts, naphthalenesulfonic acid metal salts, benzoic acid metal salts and naphthoic acid metal salts and naphthenic acid metal salts, and derivatives thereof, including linear and branched, aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of the acid salts, which may additionally be substituted by one or more radicals selected from linear and/or branched alkyl radicals and aryl radicals, with particular preference for Na, Ca, K and Mg salts; and partly neutralized or non-neutralized dicarboxylic acid derivatives, such as succinic monoesters.
  • the anticorrosive is selected from neutralized or neutral acid salts, preferably from neutral carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, naphthoic acid, naphthenic acid and phosphoric acid metal salts and derivatives thereof, including linear and branched, aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of the acid salts, which may additionally be substituted by one or more radicals selected from linear and/or branched alkyl radicals and aryl radicals, and preferably the Na, Ca, K and Mg salts, with very particular preference for neutralized or neutral sulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid and benzenesulfonic acid metal salts, and especially the Ca salts, and greatest preference for neutral calcium sulfonates, especially when the lubricant composition is used as gear oil, roller bearing oil and slide bearing oil in the marine sector and in inland waterways
  • the anticorrosives may be used individually or in a combination of two or more.
  • Neutral or neutralized acid salts or metal salts in the context of the present invention are understood to mean acid salts or metal salts having a total acid number (TAN) of 30 mg KOH/g or lower.
  • the lubricant composition of the invention may contain one or more nonferrous metal deactivators and/or ion complexing agents.
  • nonferrous metal deactivators and/or ion complexing agents By virtue of the addition of nonferrous metal deactivators and/or ion complexing agents, it is possible to protect non-iron metals, for example cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), and zinc (Zn), which are among the so-called nonferrous metals, and alloys thereof, from corrosion by active sulfur.
  • non-iron metals for example cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), and zinc (Zn
  • Suitable nonferrous metal deactivators and ion complexing agents are preferably selected from triazole compounds, especially tolyltriazole, benzotriazole and derivatives thereof, imidazoline compounds, diazoles, mercaptothiadiazoles.
  • nonferrous metal deactivators or ion complexing agents are triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof, with very particular preference for triazole compounds and derivatives thereof, especially benzotriazole and derivatives thereof, both in the case of use of the lubricant composition as gear oil, roller bearing oil and slide bearing oil for industry in general and in the marine sector and in inland waterways, and in machines and machine elements on land that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media.
  • Examples of particularly preferred nonferrous metal deactivators or ion complexing agents are benzotriazole and tolyltriazole and derivatives thereof, N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-ar-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methanamine, and a reaction mixture composed of N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-6-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methanamine, N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4-methyl-2H-benzotriazole-2-methanamine, N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-5-methyl-2H-benzotriazole-2-methanamine, N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methylamine and N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methylamine, without being limited thereto.
  • Suitable nonferrous metal deactivators or ion complexing agents are commercially available.
  • the lubricant composition of the invention may additionally contain one or more antiwear agents, friction modifiers and/or high-pressure additives.
  • Suitable antiwear agents, friction modifiers and high-pressure additives are preferably selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and/or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, aryl thiophosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfonated amine compounds, sulfonated fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acids, nanoparticles selected from Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , WO 3 , Ta 2 O 5 , V 2 O 5 , CeO 2 , aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi 2 , SiC, Si 3 N 4 , TiC, TiN, ZrB 2 , clay minerals and mixtures thereof, sulf
  • Suitable commercially available additives are, for example, the following products: IRGALUBE® TPPT, IRGALUBE® 232, IRGALUBE® 349, IRGALUBE® 353, IRGALUBE® 211 and ADDITIN® RC3760 Liq 3960, FIRC-SHUN® FG 1505 and FG 1506, NA-LUBE® KR-015FG, LUBEBOND®, FLUORO® FG, SYNALOX® 40-D, ACHESON® FGA 1820 and ACHESON® FGA 1810.
  • the lubricant composition of the invention may additionally contain one or more viscosity improvers.
  • Suitable viscosity improvers are preferably selected from linear and branched, alkylated, acrylated and aliphatic polymers and copolymers, and polymerized fatty acid esters, and mixtures of two or more of these, without being limited thereto.
  • suitable viscosity improvers are polymethacrylate, ethylene-propylene copolymer, polyisobutylene, polyalkylstyrene, hydrogenated styrene-isoprene copolymer.
  • Suitable viscosity improvers can be purchased commercially.
  • the lubricant composition of the invention may additionally contain one or more UV stabilizers.
  • Suitable UV stabilizers are preferably selected from nitrogen heterocycles and substituted nitrogen heterocycles, and mixtures of two or more of these, without being limited thereto. Suitable UV stabilizers can be purchased commercially.
  • the lubricant composition of the invention may additionally contain one or more solid lubricants.
  • Suitable solid lubricants are preferably selected from PTFE, boron nitride, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, pyrophosphates, thiosulfates, magnesium carbonates, calcium carbonate, calcium stearate, zinc sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, tungsten sulfide, tin sulfide, graphite, graphene, nanotubes, SiO 2 polymorphs, and mixtures of two or more of these, without being limited thereto.
  • Suitable solid lubricants can be purchased commercially.
  • the lubricant composition of the invention may additionally contain one or more emulsifiers.
  • Suitable emulsifiers are preferably selected from branched and/or linear, ethoxylated and propoxylated alcohols and salts thereof, especially alcohols having chain lengths of 14-18 carbon atoms, ethoxylated and/or propoxylated alkyl ethers, fatty acid esters, and ionic surfactants, for example sodium salts of alkylsulfonic acids, and mixtures of two or more of these, without being limited thereto.
  • Suitable emulsifiers can be purchased commercially.
  • the lubricant composition of the invention may additionally contain one or more defoamers in order to prevent the formation of solid foams.
  • Suitable defoamers are preferably selected from ethoxylated and/or propoxylated alcohols having chain lengths of 10-18 carbon atoms, mono- and diglycerides of edible fats, acrylates, propoxylated and/or ethoxylated alkyl ethers, polyols including diols, and polysiloxanes, such as silicone oils or polydimethylsiloxanes, and mixtures of two or more of these, without being limited thereto.
  • Defoamers that are particularly preferred in accordance with the invention are ethoxylated and/or propoxylated alcohols having chain lengths of 10-18 carbon atoms, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes, with very particular preference for polysiloxanes, both in the case of use of the lubricant composition as gear oil, roller bearing oil and slide bearing oil in the marine sector and in inland waterways, and in machines and machine elements on land that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media, and in the case of use of the lubricant composition as gear oil, roller bearing oil and slide bearing oil for industry in general, and in the sector of the food processing industry for occasional unintentional contact with food.
  • Suitable defoamers can be purchased commercially.
  • the lubricant composition of the invention may additionally comprise one or more color indicators.
  • An example of a suitable color indicator is 2,5-thiophenediylbis(5-ter-butyl-1,3-benzoxazole), without being limited thereto. Suitable color indicators can be purchased commercially.
  • All additives may each be present in the lubricant grease composition of the invention as a single compound or any combination of two or more.
  • the total amount of all additives or additions in the lubricant composition is preferably 0.01% by weight or more, more preferably 0.025% by weight or more, for example 0.5% by weight or more, and 10% by weight or less, more preferably 7.5% by weight or less, for example 6% by weight or less, or 5% by weight or less, based on the overall lubricant composition.
  • the total amount of all additives is 0.01-7.5% by weight, most preferably 0.01-6.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.
  • the total amount of all additives is 0.5-7.0% by weight, most preferably 0.5-5.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.
  • the additives serve to improve particular properties of the lubricant and/or to impart particular properties thereto, they may, according to the requirement or demand on the lubricant, be added thereto as a single substance or as a mixture of two or more additives, where the amount of the individual additives in an additive mixture is unlimited, provided that the above-defined total amount of all additives, based on the overall lubricant composition, is not exceeded.
  • the lubricant composition contains
  • the lubricant composition contains an additive mixture of two or more additives comprising one or more antioxidants, one or more antiwear and/or high-pressure additives, one or more defoamers, optionally one or more nonferrous metal deactivators, optionally one or more anticorrosives, and optionally a color indicator.
  • the lubricant composition of the invention which is especially suitable for use as gear oil, roller bearing oil or slide bearing oil for industry in general, contains
  • additive mixture 0.01-7.5% by weight of an additive mixture, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, where the additive mixture comprises one or more antioxidants, one or more antiwear and/or high-pressure additives, one or more defoamers, optionally one or more nonferrous metal deactivators, optionally one or more anticorrosives, and optionally a color indicator; and
  • the lubricant composition of the invention which is especially suitable for use as gear oil, roller bearing oil or slide bearing oil for industry in general, contains
  • additive mixture 0.01-6.0% by weight of an additive mixture, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, where the additive mixture comprises:
  • antioxidants selected from phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, propionates and thiopropionates;
  • defoamers selected from ethoxylated and/or propoxylated alcohols having chain lengths of 10-18 carbon atoms, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes;
  • one or more antiwear and/or high-pressure additives selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and/or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfonated amine compounds, sulfonated fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acids, nanoparticles selected from Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , WO 3 , Ta 2 O 5 , V 2 O 5 , CeO 2 , aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi 2 , SiC, Si 3 N 4 , TiC, TiN, ZrB 2 , clay minerals and mixtures thereof, sulfonic salts, and thermally stable carbonates and sulfates;
  • nonferrous metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof;
  • anticorrosives selected from the group of the carboxylic acid metal salts, sulfonic acid metal salts, naphthalenesulfonic acid metal salts, benzenesulfonic acid metal salts, benzoic acid metal salts, naphthoic acid metal salts and naphthenic acid metal salts and derivatives thereof, including linear and branched, aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of the acid salts, which may additionally be substituted by one or more radicals selected from linear and/or branched alkyl radicals and aryl radicals, and especially the Na, Ca, K and Mg salts; and
  • the base oil is preferably selected from polyalphaolefins (PAOs), metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), white oils, mineral oils, neopentyl glycol esters, pentaerythritol esters, trimethylolpropane esters, and pentaerythritol and trimethylolpropane complex esters that are preferably as defined above, aliphatic carboxylic and dicarboxylic esters, triglyceride fatty acid (C8/C10) esters, alkylnaphthalenes, ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin oligomers and water-soluble, water-miscible and/or oil-soluble, and mixtures of two or more of these.
  • PAOs polyalphaolefins
  • mPAOs metallocene polyalphaolefins
  • white oils mineral oils
  • neopentyl glycol esters pentaerythritol est
  • Lubricants in this embodiment have high compatibility with respect to elastomers, such as FKM, NBR, HNBR, ACM/AEM and polyurethanes, which are typically used as seal materials.
  • elastomers such as FKM, NBR, HNBR, ACM/AEM and polyurethanes
  • lubricants in this embodiment show good tribological properties, such that they bring about an improvement in sliding characteristics, a reduction in the stick-slip effect, especially in friction contact at high load and at low bearing speeds and high load, and a positive influence on micropitting load-carrying capacity, and they are therefore especially suitable for use as gear oil, roller bearing oil and slide bearing oil for industry in general.
  • the lubricant composition contains, as additional constituent D), an ester compound, which also includes mixtures of two or more different ester compounds in accordance with the invention.
  • the at least one ester compound D) is selected from natural glyceride esters, especially from the group of sunflower oil, rapeseed oil or colza oil, linseed oil, corn oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, linseed oil, peanut oil, lesquerella oil, palm oil, olive oil, each of which may be in monomeric, oligomeric and/or polymerized form, and mixtures of the oils mentioned; and synthetic esters, especially from the group of polyol esters, polyol complex esters, complex esters of dimer acids, dimer acid esters, aliphatic carboxylic acid and dicarboxylic esters, phosphate esters and trimellitic and pyromellitic esters; and combinations thereof, particular preference being given to polyol esters and polyol complex esters, and especially to those polyol esters that are obtained by reaction of polyhydric alcohols (i.e.
  • alcohols having more than one hydroxyl group with monocarboxylic acids (i.e. monobasic carboxylic acids), and especially those polyol complex esters that are obtained by reaction of polyhydric alcohols with monocarboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids (i.e. dibasic carboxylic acids) in any mixture, and combinations thereof.
  • monocarboxylic acids i.e. monobasic carboxylic acids
  • polyol complex esters that are obtained by reaction of polyhydric alcohols with monocarboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids (i.e. dibasic carboxylic acids) in any mixture, and combinations thereof.
  • ester compound D) is biodegradable as per standard OECD 301 A-F or OECD 306, in order to achieve improved biodegradability and environmental compatibility of the lubricant composition of the invention.
  • the at least one ester compound has a kinematic viscosity of at least 130 mm 2 /s at 40° C. More preferably, the kinematic viscosity of the at least one ester compound is in the range of 130-1500 mm 2 /s at 40° C., more preferably in the range of 130-1300 mm 2 /s at 40° C., in each case measured according to ASTM D 7042.
  • ester compound is present in the lubricant composition in an amount of 0.1-85% by weight, more preferably of 5-85% by weight, especially preferably of 10-85% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.
  • the lubricant composition of the present invention contains:
  • a lubricant of this composition shows good sliding characteristics and simultaneously has good biodegradability, and is therefore especially suitable for use as gear oil, roller bearing oil and slide bearing oil in the marine sector and in inland waterways, and in machines and machine elements on land that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media.
  • the present invention therefore relates, in a further aspect, to a lubricant composition, especially for use as gear oil, roller bearing oil and slide bearing oil in the marine sector and in inland waterways, and in machines and machine elements on land that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media, containing, as constituents:
  • the organic compound has a relative permittivity ⁇ r in the range from 1.5 to 10, preferably from 1.7 to 8, especially preferably from 2 to 7, and most preferably from 2.3 to 5, and wherein a quotient ⁇ S 1 / ⁇ S 2 of the organic compound is in the range from 1 to 25, preferably from 1.3 to 22, especially preferably 1.7 to 17, and most preferably from 2 to 14, where “ ⁇ S 1 ” denotes the sum total of the area(s) of the IR absorption band(s) in the wavenumber range of 3100-2750 cm ⁇ 1 in an ATR spectrum of the organic compound, and “ ⁇ S 2 ” denotes the sum total of the area(s) of the IR absorption band(s) in the wavenumber range of 1800-1650 cm 1 in an ATR spectrum of the organic compound.
  • Constituents A), B), C) and D) here are preferably as defined above.
  • the ester compound D) is selected from neopentyl glycol esters, trimethylolpropane esters and pentaerythritol esters that have especially been esterified with saturated and/or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and/or branched monocarboxylic acids of chain length C4-C36, preferably C10-36, more preferably C14-C36, and most preferably C18-C36; and neopentyl glycol complex esters, trimethylolpropane complex esters and pentaerythritol complex esters that have especially been fully esterified or partly esterified with saturated and/or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and/or branched monocarboxylic acids of chain length C4-C36, preferably C10-36, more preferably C14-C36, and most preferably C18-C36, and with saturated and/or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and/or branched dicar
  • ester compounds are particularly preferred with regard to the biocompatibility or biodegradability of the lubricant composition.
  • ester compounds are pentaerythritol tetraisostearate, pentaerythritol isostearate sebacate complex esters, trimethylolpropane triisostearate, trimethylolpropane trioleate, trimethylolpropane tricaprylate, trimethylolpropane isostearate stearate sebacate complex esters, neopentyl diisostearate, without being limited thereto.
  • the base oil is selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAOs), metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), white oils, farnesene-based oils, estolides, and mixtures of two or more of these, very particular preference being given to oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAOs) and metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAOs).
  • PAOs polyalphaolefins
  • mPAOs metallocene polyalphaolefins
  • These base oils have particularly advantageous properties with regard to their biodegradability (i.e. biodegradable, for example, according to OECD Test Guideline 301 A-F or OECD 306) and can accordingly contribute to improved biodegradability of the lubricant composition.
  • the lubricant composition comprises an additive mixture comprising one or more antioxidants, nonferrous metal deactivators and anticorrosives, and optionally one or more defoamers and antiwear and/or high-pressure additives.
  • the at least one additive B) is an additive mixture comprising one or more antioxidants, nonferrous metal deactivators and anticorrosives, and optionally one or more defoamers and antiwear and/or high-pressure additives.
  • Antioxidants selected from phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, preferably linear or branched aliphatic amine compounds and aromatic amine compounds and salts thereof, where the aliphatic and aromatic compounds may be substituted by one or more radicals selected from linear and/or branched alkyl radicals and aryl radicals, phosphites, phosphorothionates and thiocarbamates, particular preference being given to aminic antioxidants;
  • Nonferrous metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof, particular preference being given to triazole compounds, especially benzotriazole compounds, and derivatives thereof;
  • Anticorrosives selected from neutralized or neutral carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, naphthoic acid, naphthenic acid and phosphoric acid metal salts, and derivatives thereof, preferably Na, Ca, K and Mg salts, particular preference being given to neutralized or neutral sulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid and benzenesulfonic acid metal salts, especially Ca salts, and very particular preference being given to neutral calcium sulfonates, such as neutral alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid calcium salts;
  • Defoamers selected from ethoxylated and/or propoxylated alcohols having chain lengths of 10-18 carbon atoms, polyols including diols, acrylates and polysiloxanes, particular preference being given to polysiloxanes;
  • Antiwear and/or high-pressure additives selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and/or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfonated amine compounds, sulfonated fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acids, nanoparticles selected from Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , WO 3 , Ta 2 O 5 , V 2 O 5 , CeO 2 , aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi 2 , SiC, Si 3 N 4 , TiC, TiN, ZrB 2 , clay minerals and mixtures thereof, sulfonic salts, and thermally stable carbonates and sulfates.
  • Such an additive mixture is particularly suitable for lubricant compositions for use as gear oil, roller bearing oil or slide bearing oil in the marine sector and in inland waterways and in machines and machine elements on land that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media.
  • an additive mixture comprising:
  • antioxidants selected from aminic antioxidants, phenolic antioxidants, phosphites, phosphorothionates and thiocarbamates;
  • nonferrous metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof;
  • one or more anticorrosives selected from neutralized/neutral carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, naphthoic acid, naphthenic acid and phosphoric acid metal salts, and derivatives thereof, especially Na, Ca, K and Mg salts;
  • defoamers selected from ethoxylated and/or propoxylated alcohols having chain lengths of 10-18 carbon atoms, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes; and
  • antiwear and/or high-pressure additives selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and/or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfonated amine compounds, sulfonated fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acids, nanoparticles selected from Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , WO 3 , Ta 2 O 5 , V 2 O 5 , CeO 2 , aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi 2 , SiC, Si 3 N 4 , TiC, TiN, ZrB 2 , clay minerals and mixtures thereof, sulfonic salts, and thermally stable carbonates and sulfates.
  • antiwear and/or high-pressure additives selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and/or linear alky
  • a lubricant composition especially suitable for use as gear oil, roller bearing oil or slide bearing oil in the marine sector and in inland waterways and in machines and machine elements on land that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media therefore contains, in a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention:
  • additive mixture 0.5-7% by weight of an additive mixture, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, where the additive mixture comprises:
  • antioxidants selected from aminic antioxidants, phenolic antioxidants, phosphites, phosphorothionates and thiocarbamates;
  • nonferrous metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof;
  • anticorrosives selected from neutralized/neutral carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, naphthoic acid, naphthenic acid and phosphoric acid metal salts, and derivatives thereof;
  • defoamers selected from ethoxylated and/or propoxylated alcohols having chain lengths of 10-18 carbon atoms, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes; and
  • antiwear and/or high-pressure additives selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and/or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfonated amine compounds, sulfonated fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acids, nanoparticles selected from Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , WO 3 , Ta 2 O 5 , V 2 O 5 , CeO 2 , aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi 2 , SiC, Si 3 N 4 , TiC, TiN, ZrB 2 , clay minerals and mixtures thereof, sulfonic salts, and thermally stable carbonates and sulfates;
  • ester compound is selected from neopentyl glycol esters, trimethylolpropane esters and pentaerythritol esters that have especially been esterified with saturated and/or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and/or branched monocarboxylic acids of chain length C4-C36, preferably C10-36, more preferably C14-C36, and most preferably C18-C36; and neopentyl glycol complex esters, trimethylolpropane complex esters and pentaerythritol complex esters that have especially been fully esterified or partly esterified with saturated and/or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and/or branched monocarboxylic acids of chain length C4-C36, preferably C10-36, more preferably C14-C36, and most preferably C18-C36, and with saturated and/or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and/or branched dicarboxylic acids of chain length C4-
  • base oil is selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAOs), metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), white oils, farnesene-based oils, estolides, and mixtures of two or more of these,
  • constituents present add up to a total of 100% by weight and constituent C) is as defined above.
  • the additive mixture is very substantially neutral or has a minimum total acid number (TAN), since this has a particularly advantageous effect with regard to the elastomer compatibility of the lubricant compositions.
  • TAN minimum total acid number
  • a base oil selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAOs) and metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), and mixtures of two or more of these;
  • PAOs polyalphaolefins
  • mPAOs metallocene polyalphaolefins
  • B) 0.5-5% by weight of an additive mixture comprising one or more aminic antioxidants, one or more neutralized/neutral sulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid and/or benzenesulfonic acid metal salts, one or more triazole compounds, especially benzotriazole compounds, and/or derivatives thereof, and one or more polysiloxanes;
  • a lubricant of this composition shows high compatibility with respect to seal materials, especially elastomers, and good sliding/lubrication properties. Moreover, a lubricant of this composition has good biodegradability, i.e. good biodegradability according to standard OECD 301 A-F or OECD 306, and low aquatoxicity (for example according to standard OECD 201, 202, 203 or 236), and is therefore especially suitable for use as gear oil, roller bearing or slide bearing oil in the marine sector and in inland waterways, and in machines and machine elements on land that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media.
  • the present invention therefore additionally provides a lubricant composition for use as gear oil, roller bearing oil and slide bearing oil in the marine sector and in inland waterways, and in machines and machine elements on land that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media, comprising, as constituents:
  • a base oil selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAOs) and metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), and mixtures of two or more of these;
  • PAOs polyalphaolefins
  • mPAOs metallocene polyalphaolefins
  • B) 0.5-5% by weight of an additive mixture comprising one or more aminic antioxidants, one or more neutralized/neutral sulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid and/or benzenesulfonic acid metal salts, one or more triazole compounds and/or triazole derivatives, and one or more polysiloxanes;
  • the organic compound has a relative permittivity ⁇ r in the range from 1.5 to 10, preferably from 1.7 to 8, especially preferably from 2 to 7, and most preferably from 2.3 to 5, and wherein a quotient ⁇ S 1 / ⁇ S 2 of the organic compound is in the range from 1 to 25, preferably from 1.3 to 22, especially preferably 1.7 to 17, and most preferably from 2 to 14, where “ ⁇ S 1 ” denotes the sum total of the area(s) of the IR absorption band(s) in the wavenumber range of 3100-2750 cm ⁇ 1 in an ATR spectrum of the organic compound, and “ ⁇ S 2 ” denotes the sum total of the area(s) of the IR absorption band(s) in the wavenumber range of 1800-1650 cm ⁇ 1 in an ATR spectrum of the organic compound.
  • ⁇ S 1 denotes the sum total of the area(s) of the IR absorption band(s) in the wavenumber range of 3100-2750 cm ⁇ 1 in an ATR spectrum of the organic compound
  • the lubricant composition of the invention is of excellent suitability for use as gear oils, roller bearing oils and slide bearing oil for industry in general, including as gear oil, roller bearing oil and slide bearing oil for occasional unintentional contact with foods.
  • gear oils, roller bearing oils and slide bearing oil for industry comprise the lubrication of gears, especially spur, bevel, planetary, worm, hypoid and cycloid gears, hydraulics, linear guides, pneumatic components, instruments, bearings, especially slide and roller bearings, chains, cables, springs, propellers and compressors, and especially also of machine components and in systems that come into occasional unintentional contact with foodstuffs, without being limited thereto.
  • Chains consist of identical members joined to one another. They serve to transmit force and are used as drive chains, for example in motor vehicles, as control chains in automobile engines, as load chains in lock gates, or as transport chains in conveyor systems. Cables can be divided into running cables as encountered, for example, in cranes, winches and elevators, into stationary cables such as guy cables, and as support cables and sling cables. Screws are connecting elements that should be installed and deinstalled with minimum difficulty, and the materials used should not be damaged. Springs include leaf spring packs, cup spring packs, annular spring packs, helical cup springs and torsion springs. Instruments serve to regulate streams of solids, liquids and gases. In addition, they may also assume the function of adjusting, i.e. of mixing and controlling, one or more volume flows. As well as the typical applications as tap or mixing battery, all types of valves are also considered to be instruments.
  • Pneumatic components are pneumatic valves and cylinders which, by conversion of pneumatic to mechanical energy, create linear movements for pushing, lifting or retracting of workpieces and tools.
  • the present invention therefore further provides for the use of the lubricant compositions of the invention as gear oil, roller bearing oil and slide bearing oil for industry in general, especially for lubrication of transmissions, such as spur, bevel, planetary, worm, hypoid and cycloid gears, hydraulics, linear guides, pneumatic components, instruments, bearings, such as slide and roller bearings, chains, cables, springs, propellers and compressors, and especially of machine components and in systems that come into occasional unintentional contact with foodstuffs, wherein the lubricant composition preferably comprises:
  • a lubricant composition comprising:
  • antioxidants selected from phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, propionates and thiopropionates;
  • defoamers selected from ethoxylated and/or propoxylated alcohols having chain lengths of 10-18 carbon atoms, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes;
  • one or more antiwear and/or high-pressure additives selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and/or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfonated amine compounds, sulfonated fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acids, nanoparticles selected from Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , WO 3 , Ta 2 O 5 , V 2 O 5 , CeO 2 , aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi 2 , SiC, Si 3 N 4 , TiC, TiN, ZrB 2 , clay minerals and mixtures thereof, sulfonic salts, and thermally stable carbonates and sulfates;
  • nonferrous metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof;
  • anticorrosives selected from the group of carboxylic acid metal salts, sulfonic acid metal salts, naphthalenesulfonic acid metal salts, benzenesulfonic acid metal salts, benzoic acid metal salts, naphthoic acid metal salts and naphthenic acid metal salts and derivatives thereof, including linear and branched aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of the acid salts, which may additionally be substituted by one or more radicals selected from linear and/or branched alkyl radicals and aryl radicals, and especially the Na, Ca, K and Mg salts; and
  • the base oil is preferably selected from polyalphaolefins (PAOs), metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), white oils, mineral oils, neopentyl glycol esters, pentaerythritol esters, trimethylolpropane esters and pentaerythritol and trimethylolpropane complex esters that are preferably as defined above, aliphatic carboxylic and dicarboxylic esters, triglyceride fatty acid (C8/C10) esters, alkylnaphthalenes, ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin oligomers and oil-soluble polyglycols, and mixtures of two or more of these,
  • PAOs polyalphaolefins
  • mPAOs metallocene polyalphaolefins
  • white oils mineral oils
  • neopentyl glycol esters pentaerythritol esters, trimethylolpropane
  • gear oil as gear oil, roller bearing oil and slide bearing oil for industry in general and in the sector of the food processing industry for occasional, unintentional contact with food.
  • the lubricant composition of the invention in a further embodiment, is additionally of excellent suitability for use as gear oil, roller bearing oil and slide bearing oil in the marine sector and in inland waterways and in machines and machine elements on land that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media.
  • Fields of use in the marine sector and in inland waterways especially include the lubrication of gears, hydraulics, bearings, such as slide, roller or stem tube bearings, propeller rudders, propeller shafts, pneumatic components linear guides, chains and cables in machines, machine components and installations that come into contact with saltwater in the marine sector, for example offshore installations, or with water and/or aqueous media in inland waterways, without being limited thereto.
  • gears are used, for example, in thrusters and azipods. This use serves for transmission of force and conversion of force which takes place between drive and propeller. Both ingress of water into the interior and escape of lubricant into the marine environment is to be expected here.
  • a further application in the marine sector is that of jackup systems that jack up platforms, installation ships for wind turbines or oil rigs. This movement is accomplished by open gears.
  • Hydraulics in the marine sector serve to drive adjustable propeller rudders, and in fin stabilizers and rudder bearings.
  • Linear guides are also used in the latter, which are usually lubricated with the same lubricant.
  • lubrication takes place below the waterline. Accordingly, in this case too, ingress of water into machine parts and escape of lubricant into the marine environment is to be expected.
  • Slide bearing application in the marine sector primarily involves a propeller shaft bearing present in the stem tube, called the stem tube bearing.
  • the primary function of the propeller shaft is the transmission of the driving motion through the ship's hull to the propeller.
  • the bearing here ensures low-friction movement.
  • chains that are used, for example, in lock gates, cables, such as rope or cables that are employed in nets, and instruments for control of flows of solids, liquids and gases. It is likewise necessary to lubricate propellers, springs and valves in a wide variety of different apparatuses and machines.
  • the present invention therefore further provides for the use of the lubricant composition of the invention as gear oil, roller bearing oil and slide bearing oil in the marine sector and in inland waterways, especially for lubrication of transmissions, hydraulics, propeller rudders, propeller shafts, linear guides, pneumatic components, instruments, bearings such as slide, roller or stem tube bearings, chains, cables, springs and propellers in machines, machine components and systems that come into contact with saltwater in the marine sector or with water and/or aqueous media in inland waterways, and in machines and machine elements on land that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media, wherein the lubricant composition preferably comprises:
  • a lubricant composition comprising:
  • a base oil selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAOs) and metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), and mixtures of two or more of these;
  • PAOs polyalphaolefins
  • mPAOs metallocene polyalphaolefins
  • B) 0.5-5% by weight of an additive mixture comprising one or more aminic antioxidants, one or more neutralized/neutral sulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid and/or benzenesulfonic acid metal salts, one or more triazole compounds and/or triazole derivatives, and one or more polysiloxanes;
  • gear oil as gear oil, roller bearing oil and slide bearing oil in the marine sector and in inland waterways and in machines and machine elements on land that may come into contact with water and/or aqueous media.
  • the properties of the lubricant composition and of the components present therein, if not known from the manufacturer, are determined by means of the following methods:
  • the sample is dissolved in a solvent mixture and then, according to ASTM D 664-18E02, titrated with an alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution.
  • the titration is conducted by potentiometry with the aid of a Solvotrode using a Metrohm 905 Titrando titration unit.
  • GPC Gel permeation chromatography
  • ATR infrared spectroscopy measurements on the lubricity improvers are conducted in accordance with standard DIN 51451 (DIN 51451:2020-02) “Testing of petroleum products and related products—Analysis by infrared spectrometry—General working principles”, adapted to ATR measurement using a Bruker Tensor 27 IR spectrometer (OPUS 7.5 software) or Bruker Vertex 70 IR spectrometer (OPUS 7.0 software) from Bruker Optik GmbH.
  • the integral region is halved. In these two subregions, the respected absolute minima are determined. If there should be multiple absolute minimum points in a subregion, the point furthest within the boundary region of the overall integral is used.
  • the baseline is calculated via a linear equation from the two absolute minimum points in the overall integral.
  • the spectrum to be integrated is corrected using the baseline. This is followed by the integrating of the spectrum corrected by the baseline.
  • Lubricity improver Trade name CAS number GV1 Ketjenlube ® 135 191744-19-1 GV2 Perfad TM 3000 1392101-03-9 GV3 Lubrizol 87725 1654003-52-7 GV4 Herwemag OA 67701-08-0 GV5 Ilco Lube 2316 G 68424-61-3 Polyalphaolefin 6 (PAO 6) Durasyn ® 166 68037-01-4 (noninventive)
  • the lubricant compositions are produced by a procedure known to the person skilled in the art, by mixing the base oils and additives in a suitable vessel, for example a mixing tank, using a suitable stirrer. Solid additives or components are brought into solution and stirred in by increasing temperature. Production can also be effected by means of continuous methods.
  • lubricant compositions of the invention are produced as described above (see table 2—examples 1-15b).
  • lubricant compositions without lubricity improvers base formulation
  • base formulation lubricant compositions without lubricity improvers
  • the change in transition speed at a white metal/steel contact surface is determined at low contact pressure.
  • the transition speed is defined as the speed at which the contact surfaces can be fully separated, i.e. as the speed with which the transition from mixed friction (i.e. occasional contact of metallic friction partners/incompletely formed lubricant film) to the elastohydrodynamic (EHL) region (i.e. fully formed lubricant film and full separation of the metallic friction partners by lubricant film).
  • the tests are conducted using a tribometer (BALL-ON-DISK TRIBOMETER from AC 2 Tresearch/Austrian Competence Center for Tribology) with the cylinder-on-ring test combination.
  • the white metal ring is in an oil reservoir.
  • the Stribeck curve is then generated at 20 N at 40° C. with a speed ramp from 0.05 m/s to 2.5 m/s.
  • FIG. 1 shows the measurement of the Stribeck curves for a base formulation without lubricity improver (comparative example 1) and a lubricant of the invention with lubricity improver (example 8). It is apparent that, in the presence of lubricity improver, there is a distinct movement in the transition speed to a lower speed (A to B).
  • FIG. 2 shows the transition speed of all lubricants tested.
  • all lubricants comprising lubricity improver that were tested have a distinctly lower transition speed than a base formulation (comparative example 1) and a lubricant composition comprising a noninventive lubricity improver (comparative example 5), which indicates that the lubricants of the invention comprising lubricity improver of the invention form the lubricant film much earlier than those of the comparative examples.
  • the improved lubrication properties of the lubricants of the invention comprising lubricity improver show that they result in an improved load capacity, for example in slide bearings and similar components.
  • the conditions/measurement parameters are chosen as follows: elastomer material: 75 FKM 585; pressure: 0.25 bar; temperature: 70° C.; test duration: 240 h; 10 cycles with speed of 2000 rpm (20 h) and 0 rpm (4 h); grease applied: Bremer & Leguil Cassida GTS 2.
  • test results show that, in the case of the lubricant compositions of the invention comprising lubricity improver (example 3: GV 1; example 15b: GV 2, each by comparison with comparative example 2), a reduction in radial shaft sealing ring wear scar width from 0.66 mm to 0.35 mm (example 3) or 0.54 mm (example 15b) and a reduction in shaft wear from 20 ⁇ m to 0 ⁇ m (example 3) or 14 ⁇ m (example 15b) by comparison with the base formulation without lubricity improver (comparative example 2) is achieved.
  • lubricity improver comparative example 4
  • increasing the viscosity of the base formulation mPAO 150/comparative example 4 compared to mPAO 65/comparative example 2 does not achieve any improvement.
  • the tests are conducted with a “ring-on-disk tribometer” with development of the construction described by Sommer M. and Haas W. ([1] Sommer, M., Haas, W. “A new approach on grease tribology in sealing technology: Influence of the thickener particles”, Tribology International (2016), 103, 574-583).
  • the test material used is FKM elastomer material.
  • the counterpart is a steel counterpart.
  • the lubricant composition to be analyzed is examined in a ring-on-disk tribometer as described in [1] at a constant speed of 1.5 m/s and a temperature of 60° C. at a linear load of 0.90 N/mm in order to provoke collapse of the lubricant film and solid-state contact in the case of poor lubricant film formation.
  • the lubricant compositions of the invention comprising lubricity improver (example 2: GV 3; example 5: GV 5; example 11, GV 2; example 14; GV 1) show a much calmer and slower progression of the coefficient of friction p over time, which means a stable lubricant film structure and suggests hydrodynamic lubrication.
  • lubricity improver comparative example 3
  • example 5 GV 5; example 11, GV 2; example 14; GV 1
  • the base formulation without lubricity improver shows an unstable lubricant film structure, which is manifested in significant variation and a higher level of the coefficient of friction. This suggests at least local solid-state contact and a marked stick-slip effect.
  • addition of the lubricity improver reduces wear on the elastomer body by 57% (example 2: GV 3), 50% (example 14, GV 1), 67% (example 11, GV 2) or 63% (example 5, GV 5), and reduces wear on the steel counterpart by 80% (example 2: GV 3), 67% (example 14: GV 1), 67% (example 11: GV 2) or 73% (example 5: GV 5), each by comparison with the base formulation without lubricity improver (comparative example 3).
  • Micropitting refers to damage at gear contacts.
  • the testbed uses a triple configuration in which a central roll is in contact with three disks, which leads to three roll contact cycles per roll rotation.
  • the two lower disks are partially immersed in oil and transport it into the contact during the test, which simulates splash lubrication.
  • the roll and the disks are driven by separate motors, which permits the simulation of different slide-roll ratios (SRR).
  • SRR slide-roll ratios
  • the tests are conducted at a Hertzian contact pressure of 1.7 GPa, an SRR of 20% to 30%, an oil temperature of 90° C. and 10 million cycles.
  • the coefficient of friction and vibration were recorded during the test with a torque gauge or an acceleration gauge.
  • the test roll is cleaned using a solvent in order to remove residual oil, and the weight of the roll is determined, and images of the wear scar are taken with an optical microscope.
  • the capacity of a lubricant composition with regard to its resistance to micropitting is assessed by the loss of weight (comparison of weight before and after measurement) of the roll (see FIG. 5 A ) and by the change in wear scar width (see FIG. 5 B ).
  • the recitation of “at least one of A, B and C” should be interpreted as one or more of a group of elements consisting of A, B and C, and should not be interpreted as requiring at least one of each of the listed elements A, B and C, regardless of whether A, B and C are related as categories or otherwise.
  • the recitation of “A, B and/or C” or “at least one of A, B or C” should be interpreted as including any singular entity from the listed elements, e.g., A, any subset from the listed elements, e.g., A and B, or the entire list of elements A, B and C.

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