US20200087764A1 - High-strength steel sheet - Google Patents

High-strength steel sheet Download PDF

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US20200087764A1
US20200087764A1 US16/466,981 US201616466981A US2020087764A1 US 20200087764 A1 US20200087764 A1 US 20200087764A1 US 201616466981 A US201616466981 A US 201616466981A US 2020087764 A1 US2020087764 A1 US 2020087764A1
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steel sheet
less
martensite
steel
strength steel
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Kohichi Sano
Riki Okamoto
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
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    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/002—Bainite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/009—Pearlite

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a high-strength steel sheet, particularly to a high-strength steel sheet excellent in formability.
  • Patent Documents 1 and 2 propose that steel micro-structure is made to mainly include bainite and tempered martensite to enhance hole-expansion properties and a local elongation of a TRIP steel sheet.
  • Non Patent Document 1 proposes a steel to which more than 3.0% of Mn is added.
  • Patent Document 5 discloses making use of tempering treatment to enhance hole-expansion properties. Martensite is hard as compared with other kinds of steel micro-structure and therefore makes a difference in hardness from steel micro-structure surrounding martensite large, degrading local elongation and hole-expansion properties. By tempering martensite at a low temperature of 500° C. or less, the hole-expansion properties are enhanced.
  • Retained austenite can be obtained by concentrating C and Mn in austenite to stabilize the austenite even at room temperature.
  • C is concentrated in austenite in bainite transformation, which can further stabilize the austenite.
  • Patent Documents 1 and 2 are based on the above concept.
  • an amount of added C is large, retained austenite can be increased, and as a result, it is possible to obtain a steel sheet having a good balance between strength and uniform elongation.
  • the steel sheets are those that include a hard steel micro-structure as well as soft ferrite as a main phase, which makes a large difference in hardness, tends to develop a void, and cannot enhance local elongation.
  • the steel sheet disclosed in Patent Document 3 includes bainite, which has low ductility, as a main phase, and a uniform elongation of the steel sheet is low as a whole, which raises a problem in that such a steel sheet cannot be used to fabricate a complex-shaped member for an automobile.
  • Patent Document 4 When the method disclosed in Patent Document 4 is used, it is difficult to secure a predetermined amount of retained austenite in a resultant steel sheet, which makes uniform elongation insufficient.
  • the steel sheet disclosed in Non Patent Document 1 is also made of a composite steel micro-structure of soft tempered martensite and hard steel micro-structure, and it is therefore difficult to enhance hole-expansion property as with the steel sheets of Patent Documents 1 and 2.
  • the steel sheet disclosed in Non Patent Document 1 has a low yield stress because it is made of the soft tempered martensite and austenite, which raises a problem.
  • Patent Document 5 it is difficult to increase the fraction of martensite that is tempered at low temperature.
  • the method of Patent Document 5 simply includes an annealing process in which annealing is performed at Ac 3 point or less, a cooling process in which cooling to room temperature is performed, and a tempering process in which tempering is performed. To increase the martensite tempered at low temperature, it is necessary to increase martensite through the cooling.
  • PCT/JP2016/067448 a galvannealed steel sheet that is excellent in uniform deformability and local deformability. While PCT/JP2016/067448 ensures both a product of tensile strength and local elongation and a product of yield stress and uniform elongation, its content of C is relatively high, which may degrade spot weldability and requires improvement in current pattern of spot welding.
  • the present inventors conducted studies about how to secure a predetermined fraction or more of retained austenite while limiting the content of C.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a high-strength steel sheet with Mn: 3.50 mass % or more and C: 0.24 mass % or less including retained austenite (hereafter, may be referred to as “residual ⁇ ”) that has high uniform elongation and local elongation.
  • the present invention is made to solve the problems described above, and the gist of the present invention is the following high-strength steel sheet.
  • Nb 0 to 0.50%
  • V 0 to 2.0%
  • a steel micro-structure at a 1 ⁇ 4 sheet-thickness position includes, in area percent:
  • high temperature tempered martensite 30.0 to 75.0%
  • low temperature tempered martensite 15.0 to 60.0%;
  • bainite 0 to 5.0%.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating a relation between area fraction of low temperature tempered martensite and YS ⁇ uEL.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating a relation between area fraction of low temperature tempered martensite and YR.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating a relation between area fraction of retained austenite and YS ⁇ uEL.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating a relation between area fraction of retained austenite and TS ⁇ lEL.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating a relation between area fraction of high temperature tempered martensite and YS ⁇ uEL.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating a relation between area fraction of fresh martensite and TS ⁇ lEL.
  • the present inventors conducted intensive studies about a technique to solve the problems described above. As a result, it was found that in the steel sheet, dispersing a certain amount or more of residual ⁇ , and bringing in the steel sheet predetermined amounts of high temperature tempered martensite, which is tempered at high temperature, and low temperature tempered martensite, which is tempered at low temperature, in combination enable high uniform elongation (uEL) and local elongation (lEL) as well as high yield stress (YS) and tensile strength (TS) to be achieved.
  • uEL uniform elongation
  • lEL local elongation
  • YS high yield stress
  • TS tensile strength
  • YS can be enhanced by bringing in the steel both high temperature tempered martensite that is excellent in balance between ductility and hardness, and low temperature tempered martensite, and YS ⁇ uEL and TS ⁇ lEL can be enhanced by further making retained austenite present.
  • C is an element necessary to improve a steel sheet strength and secure retained austenite.
  • C is also an element that contributes to improving a strength of low temperature tempered martensite.
  • a content of C is less than 0.10%, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient steel sheet strength and a sufficient amount of retained austenite.
  • the content of C is more than 0.24%, pearlite and cementite precipitate in a large amount, degrading local ductility significantly. Accordingly, the content of C is set at 0.10 to 0.24%.
  • the content of C is preferably 0.12% or more or 0.13% or more, more preferably 0.15% or more or 0.17% or more.
  • the content of C is preferably 0.24% or less or 0.23% or less, more preferably 0.22% or less or 0.21% or less.
  • Mn manganese
  • C an element necessary to secure retained austenite.
  • the content of Mn is preferably 3.80% or more or 4.00% or more, more preferably 4.40% or more, 4.80% or more, or 5.10% or more.
  • the content of Mn is preferably 11.00% or less or 10.00% or less, more preferably 9.00% or less, 8.00% or less, or 7.00% or less.
  • Si and Al are deoxidizers and also elements that have an effect of stabilizing ferrite and preventing precipitation of cementite, during annealing.
  • a content of either Si or Al is less than 0.005%, the effect of addition does not exert sufficiently.
  • contents of both of Si and Al are more than 5.00%, surface texture, paintability, and weldability deteriorate. Accordingly, contents of Si and Al are both set at 0.005 to 5.00%.
  • the contents of both elements are preferably 0.010% or more, more preferably 0.020% or more, still more preferably 0.030% or more.
  • the content of Si may be set at 0.50% or more, 0.90% or more, or 1.05% or more.
  • the contents of both elements are preferably 3.50% or less, more preferably 2.50% or less, still more preferably 2.10% or less.
  • the content of Al may be set at 1.00% or less.
  • delta ferrite remains at room temperature.
  • the delta ferrite is transformed into elongated ferrite by hot rolling.
  • the ferrite receives concentrated stresses during a tension test and pressing, which makes a test specimen or a steel sheet likely to be broken off.
  • Al is set at 5.00% or less.
  • Si+Al 0.80% or more, more preferably 1.00% or more.
  • P phosphorus
  • P is an impurity element that is unavoidably contained from a row material of steel.
  • the content of P is set at 0.15% or less.
  • the content of P is preferably 0.10% or less, 0.05% or less, or 0.020% or less.
  • a lower limit of the content of P is set at 0%; however, reducing the content of P to less than 0.0001% increases production costs significantly, and therefore the lower limit may be set at 0.0001%.
  • S sulfur is an impurity element that is unavoidably contained from a row material of steel.
  • a content of S is more than 0.030%, hot rolling produces an expanded MnS, resulting in deteriorations in ductility and formability such as hole-expansion properties. Accordingly, the content of S is set at 0.030% or less.
  • the content of S is preferably 0.015% or less or 0.009% or less.
  • a lower limit of the content of S is set at 0%; however, reducing the content of S to less than 0.0001% increases production costs significantly, and therefore the lower limit may be set at 0.0001%.
  • N nitrogen
  • nitrogen is an impurity element that is unavoidably contained from a row material of steel or in a steel producing process.
  • a content of N is more than 0.020%, ductility deteriorates. Accordingly, the content of N is set at 0.020% or less.
  • the content of N is preferably 0.015% or less, 0.010% or less, 0.0070% or less, or 0.0050% or less.
  • a lower limit of the content of N is set at 0%; however, reducing the content of N to less than 0.0001% increases production costs significantly, and therefore the lower limit may be set at 0.0001%.
  • O oxygen
  • O oxygen
  • the content of O is preferably 0.007% or less, 0.004% or less, or 0.0025% or less.
  • a lower limit of 0 is set at 0%; however, reducing the content of O to less than 0.0001% increases production costs significantly, and therefore the lower limit may be set at 0.0001%.
  • a galvannealed steel sheet according to the present invention may contain, in addition to the elements described above, one or more elements selected from Cr, Mo, Ni, Cu, Nb, Ti, W, B, Ca, Mg, Zr, REM, Sb, Sn, As, and V by respective contents described below.
  • the contents of the elements are all preferably 4.00% or less or 3.00%, more preferably 2.00% or less or 1.00% or less, still more preferably 0.80% or less or 0.50% or less. Lower limits of these elements are 0%, but in order to obtain the effect described above, setting a content of one or more elements selected from the elements at 0.01% or more raises no problem, and the content may be set at 0.02% or more. In order to reduce alloy costs, a total of the content may be set at 2.00% or less, 1.50% or less, 1.10% or less, 0.7% or less, or 0.40% or less.
  • Nb niobium
  • Ti titanium
  • W tungsten
  • B is an element that contributes to improvement of a steel sheet strength by delaying transformation and contributes to strengthening of grain boundaries by precipitating in the grain boundaries, and therefore may be contained as necessary.
  • a content of B is more than 0.010%, compounds of B precipitate in a large amount, resulting in embrittlement of the steel sheet. Accordingly, the content of B is set at 0.010% or less.
  • the content of B is preferably 0.005% or less or 0.0030% or less, more preferably 0.0020% or less or 0.0016% or less.
  • a lower limit of B is 0%, but in order to obtain the effect described above, setting the content of B at 0.0002% or more raises no problem, and the content may be set at 0.0003% or more.
  • Ca calcium
  • Mg magnesium
  • Zr zirconium
  • REM rare earth element
  • Ca, Mg, Zr, and REM are elements that contribute improvements of local ductility and hole-expansion properties by controlling shapes of sulfides and oxides, and therefore may be contained as necessary.
  • contents of Ca, Mg, Zr, and REM are more than 0.50%, workability deteriorates. Accordingly, the contents of Ca, Mg, Zr, and REM are all set at 0.05% or less.
  • the contents of the elements are all preferably 0.03% or less or 0.01% or less, more preferably 0.0060% or less or 0.0040% or less.
  • a total of contents of the elements are preferably set at 0.05% or less or 0.02% or less, more preferably 0.01% or less or 0.0060% or less.
  • Lower limits of these elements are 0%, but in order to obtain the effect described above, a content of one or more elements selected from the elements may be set at 0.0001% or more, and the content may be set at 0.0002% or more.
  • REM refers to Sc (scandium), Y (yttrium), and lanthanoids, 17 elements in total, and the content of REM means a total content of these elements.
  • the lanthanoids are added in a form of misch metal.
  • As (arsenic) is, as with Sb and Sn, an element that has effects of improving a surface texture and enhancing platability by preventing oxidizable elements including Mn, Si, and/or Al, or the like in the steel sheet from dispersing to form their oxides, and therefore may be contained as necessary.
  • a content of As is more than 0.05%, the effect of addition is saturated. Accordingly, the content of As is set at 0.05% or less.
  • the content of As is preferably 0.02% or less, more preferably is 0.01% or less.
  • a lower limit of As is 0%, but in order to obtain the effect described above, the content of As may be set at 0.005% or more.
  • a total of Sb, Sn, and As may be set at 0.05% or less, 0.03% or less, or 0.01% or less, as necessary.
  • V vanadium
  • V vanadium
  • the contents of V is preferably 0.50% or less or 0.30% or less, more preferably 0.10% or less, still more preferably 0.06% or less.
  • a lower limit of V is 0%, but in order to obtain the effect described above, the content of V may be set at 0.001% or more or 0.005% or more.
  • the balance consists of Fe and impurities.
  • impurities herein means components that are mixed in a steel sheet in producing the steel sheet industrially, owing to various factors including raw materials such as ores and scraps, and a producing process, and are allowed to be mixed in the steel sheet within the range in which the impurities have no adverse effect on the present invention.
  • Retained austenite (hereafter, also referred to as “residual ⁇ ”) is steel micro-structure that exerts transformation induced plasticity, enhancing ductility, particularly uniform elongation.
  • an area fraction of the residual ⁇ needs to be set at 10.0% or more.
  • the area fraction of the residual ⁇ is preferably 13.0% or more, 15.0% or more, or 18.0% or more, more preferably 20.0% or more.
  • the area fraction of the residual ⁇ is preferably 50.0% or less, more preferably 45.0% or less, 40.0% or less, 35.0% or less, or 31.0% or less.
  • the conventional method refers to a method for obtaining residual ⁇ by producing austenite single phases, then cooling the austenite single phases to room temperature to produce almost martensite, then heating the martensite in a two-phase region to cause C and Mn concentrate in austenite (e.g., see Non-Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 4).
  • a second cooling process needs to be performed to bring about a structure state in which austenite and martensite exist, as will be described later. Then, a second annealing process is performed to produce austenite from the martensite to form the austenite into thin lath-shaped steel micro-structure. Steel micro-structure surrounding the austenite is high temperature tempered martensite. The austenite is transformed into retained austenite through a cooling process to room temperature.
  • High temperature tempered martensite is martensite that is tempered mainly at about 550 to 700° C., and how to measure the high temperature tempered martensite will be described later.
  • an area fraction of the high temperature tempered martensite is set at 30.0 to 75.0%.
  • the area fraction of the high temperature tempered martensite is preferably 33.0% or more, 36.0% or more, or 38.0% or more, and is preferably 70.0% or less, 65.0% or less, 60.0% or less, or 55.0% or less.
  • Low temperature tempered martensite 15.0 to 60.0%
  • Low temperature tempered martensite is structure obtained by tempering, mainly at about 250 to 480° C., fresh martensite produced in the third cooling process described later, and how to measure the low temperature tempered martensite will be described later.
  • the low temperature tempered martensite has a low uniform elongation but resists decreasing the local elongation as compared with the fresh martensite described later and is excellent in yield stress and tensile strength. For that reason, an area fraction of the low temperature tempered martensite is set at 15.0% or more.
  • the area fraction of the low temperature tempered martensite may be set according to a desired strength level, but an excessive amount of low temperature tempered martensite decreases the uniform elongation, and therefore the area fraction is set at 60.0% or less.
  • a lower limit of the low temperature tempered martensite may be set at 20.0%, 25.0%, 30.0%, 34.0%, or 38.0%.
  • an upper limit of the low temperature tempered martensite may be set at 55.0%, 50.0%, 46.0%, or 42.0%.
  • the balance includes fresh martensite, pearlite, and bainite.
  • Fresh martensite 0 to 10.0%
  • a slight amount of cementite precipitates from austenite, which destabilizes the austenite, and in a cooling process after the tempering process, fresh martensite may be produced.
  • an area fraction of the fresh martensite is more than 10.0%, YS and local elongation decrease, and furthermore, the area fraction of the residual ⁇ is reduced, resulting in a decrease in uniform elongation.
  • the area fraction of the fresh martensite is set at 10.0% or less.
  • the area fraction of the fresh martensite is preferably 5.0% or less, more preferably 3.0% or less, most preferably 0%, that is, a steel micro-structure without the fresh martensite.
  • Pearlite may be produced from austenite in cooling during annealing, or during galvannealing treatment in plating.
  • an area fraction of the pearlite is more than 5.0%, the area fraction of the residual ⁇ is reduced, resulting in significant decreases in strength and ductility. Accordingly, the area fraction of the pearlite is set at 5.0% or less.
  • the area fraction of the pearlite is preferably made as low as possible, preferably 3.0% or less, most preferably 0%.
  • Bainite 0 to 5.0%
  • the steel micro-structure according to the present invention may contain bainite. Bainite transformation resists progressing with the content of Mn of the steel sheet according to the present invention, and an area fraction of the bainite is set at 5.0% or less.
  • the area fraction of the bainite is preferably 3.0% or less, most preferably 0%.
  • a total of the area fractions of the fresh martensite, the pearlite, and the bainite may be set at 5.0% or less, 3.0% or less, or 1.0% or less. It is more preferable that the total of the area fractions of these kinds of steel micro-structure in the balance is 0%.
  • a sample including a cross section that is cut in such a manner as to be parallel to a rolling direction and is subjected to mirror polishing and then electrolytic grinding is prepared, and then regions in the sample that lie at a position from a surface by 1 ⁇ 4 of a sheet thickness (hereafter, referred to as “1 ⁇ 4 sheet-thickness position”), are 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m or more in area, and are spaced from each other by 0.1 are measured using a SEM-EBSD.
  • analysis software from TSL Solutions Ltd. is used to calculate an average value of in-grain image qualities of grains (Grain Average Image Quality: GAIQ value).
  • GAIQ value Average Image Quality
  • a fraction of grains having GAIQ values at the 1 ⁇ 4 sheet-thickness position of 5000 or less is determined as the total area fraction of the low temperature tempered martensite and the fresh martensite.
  • the area fraction of the low temperature tempered martensite is determined by subtracting the area fraction of the fresh martensite from this value.
  • a cross section perpendicular to the rolling direction is cut, subjected to mirror polishing, and then etched using Nital.
  • SEM observation is performed on the sample.
  • the SEM observation is performed at 5000 ⁇ magnification, and as a measurement region, four or more fields of view each of which is a 25 ⁇ m ⁇ 20 ⁇ m region at the 1 ⁇ 4 sheet-thickness position are set.
  • the sample is observed under a SEM, and steel micro-structures that have no substructure and are hollowed out are determined to be ferrite or high temperature tempered martensite. Out of such steel micro-structures, steel micro-structures whose major axes and minor axes make ratios of two or more are determined to be the high temperature tempered martensite.
  • the major axes and the minor axes are determined as follows. First, one of grains is focused in photographs captured in the above observation, and out of lines each connecting a grain boundary and another grain boundary, a longest line is determined to be the major axis. Then, out of lines each connecting the grain boundary and another grain boundary and dividing the major axis, a shortest line is determined to be the minor axis.
  • a fraction of steel micro-structures whose major axes and minor axes make ratios of two or more is determined to be the area fraction of the high temperature tempered martensite, and a fraction of steel micro-structures whose major axes and minor axes make ratios of less than two is determined to be an area fraction of the ferrite.
  • the tensile strength (TS) is preferably made as high as possible and set at 1180 MPa or more.
  • the steel sheet having a high strength enables reduction of a sheet thickness of the steel sheet, enabling weight reduction of the automobile.
  • a lower limit of the tensile strength may be set at 250 MPa.
  • the tensile strength is preferably set at 1650 MPa or less or 1600 MPa or less.
  • the yield stress (YS) of the steel sheet is high, and an amount of work hardening of the steel sheet after working (after yielding) is large.
  • the yield stress (YS) is high, and the amount of work hardening is large, hardness brought by deformation increases.
  • the amount of work hardening can be expressed by using an n value as an index, and the n value is a value similar to uEL.
  • yield stress (YS) ⁇ uniform elongation (uEL) is used as an index.
  • YS ⁇ uEL is set as YS ⁇ uEL 10000 MPa %.
  • a tensile test specimen is assumed to be a test specimen No. 5 in JIS Z2241 (a sheet specimen including a parallel portion being 25 mm wide and having an original gauge length of 50 mm).
  • the steel sheet has an excellent uniform elongation (uEL) and an excellent local elongation (lEL).
  • uEL uniform elongation
  • lEL local elongation
  • TS tensile strength
  • TS ⁇ lEL is set as TS ⁇ lEL ⁇ 6000 MPa %.
  • the perpendicular-to-rolling direction means a direction perpendicular to a rolling direction and a thickness of a steel sheet, that is, a width direction.
  • the steel sheet according to the present invention can be produced by, a producing method described below.
  • the following processes (a) to (m) are performed in order. These processes will be described in detail.
  • An ingot or a slab having the chemical composition described above is melted. No special limitation is imposed on conditions for the melting process, and a common method may be used.
  • the heating temperature When the heating temperature is less than 1100° C., the temperature may be so lowered during conveyance for the hot rolling that finish rolling cannot be completed at a required temperature. In contrast, when the heating temperature is more than 1170° C., austenite may coarsen during the heating, making crystals in the rolled steel sheet coarse.
  • the finishing temperature is less than 880° C., a large load is applied to a rolling mill, which makes it difficult to perform the hot rolling.
  • the finishing temperature is more than 970° C., the crystals in the rolled steel sheet may coarsen, and the heating temperature is therefore preferably 1170° C. or less.
  • the hot-rolled steel sheet subjected to the finish rolling is cooled.
  • cooling conditions of the first cooling process it is preferable that the steel sheet is cooled at an average cooling rate of 20° C./s or more and the cooling is stopped at a temperature range of 550 to 650° C.
  • the above range of temperature allows a temperature range in a coiling process to be satisfied easily.
  • a coiling temperature is preferably 450 to 600° C.
  • the coiling temperature is less than 450° C.
  • a shape of the steel sheet deteriorates.
  • the coiling temperature is more than 600° C. in a case where the content of Mn is high as in the present invention, scales become large in thickness and the steel sheet become difficult to be pickled.
  • the cold-rolled steel sheet is subjected to annealing in which the cold-rolled steel sheet is retained in a temperature range of 850 to 970° C. for 90 seconds or more.
  • the steel micro-structure is transformed into steel micro-structure of an austenite single phase.
  • an annealing temperature is less than 850° C., or a retention duration is less than 90 seconds, an amount of the austenite is reduced, and finally a required amount of the low temperature tempered martensite cannot be secured, resulting in a decrease in the yield stress.
  • the retention duration in the first annealing process is preferably set at 180 seconds or less.
  • the steel sheet is cooled to a temperature range of 150 to 250° C. In the temperature range, phase transformation resists occurring.
  • a cooling rate is preferably 1 to 100° C./s on average.
  • martensite is produced, and the martensite is transformed into high temperature tempered martensite and reverse-transformed austenite in a second annealing process described later.
  • austenite and martensite coexist in this cooling process.
  • a major portion of what is the austenite during the cooling process is transformed into martensite through the second annealing process and the third cooling process and transformed into low temperature tempered martensite in an annealing process performed thereafter.
  • a portion of what is the martensite during the cooling process is transformed into high temperature tempered martensite in the second annealing process, as described above.
  • the cooling stop temperature is preferably 180° C. or more and is preferably 230° C. or less, more preferably 220° C. or less.
  • the steel sheet is subjected to annealing in which the steel sheet is retained in a temperature range of 550° C. or more to less than Ac 1 point for 120 seconds or more.
  • a annealing temperature is less than 550° C., cementite and pearlite precipitate in a large amount, which reduces the retained austenite.
  • the annealing temperature is preferably 580° C. or more.
  • a retention duration is set at 120 seconds or more.
  • the retention duration can be set as appropriate in relation to the annealing temperature, but performing the annealing even for eight hours or more makes no significant difference and only increases industrial costs. Therefore, the upper limit is about eight hours.
  • the steel sheet may be heated in a preheated furnace or may be heated by IH or the like.
  • a heating rate is less than 10° C./s, less retained austenite is obtained. It is inferred that cementite precipitates in a large amount in the middle of the heating and remains undissolved in heating performed thereafter, with a result that C in the retained austenite is reduced. Meanwhile, to control the temperature of the second annealing process, a substantial upper limit of the heating rate is about 25° C./s.
  • the steel sheet After the second annealing process, the steel sheet is cooled to room temperature. If the steel sheet is not cooled to room temperature, fresh martensite is produced in a tempering process described later, which may decrease YS.
  • An average cooling rate is preferably set at 8° C./s or more. When the average cooling rate is less than 8° C./s, bainite tends to be produced, which decreases YR and YS ⁇ uEL.
  • the steel sheet is subjected to tempering in which the steel sheet is retained in a temperature range of 250 to 480° C. for 1 second or more.
  • tempering in which the steel sheet is retained in a temperature range of 250 to 480° C. for 1 second or more.
  • the tempering temperature is preferably 200° C. or more.
  • the temperature range of the tempering process is set at 480° C. or less.
  • the temperature range is preferably 460° C. or 400° C. or less.
  • TS ⁇ uEL is further enhanced in tempering.
  • the reason for this is not clear, but it is inferred that this is caused because C in martensite is not decomposed into cementite and concentrated in retained austenite.
  • the (Si+Al) amount is preferably 1.0 mass % or more.
  • a cooling rate of the fourth cooling process is not limited to a specific rate because a change in steel micro-structure is small as long as the cooling rate is higher than that of air cooling.
  • the cooling rate is less than 5° C./s, there is a risk of producing a large amount of bainite, as in the third cooling process.
  • the cooling rate is preferably set at 5 to 80° C./s or less.
  • the steel sheet cooled at room temperature in the fourth cooling process may be subjected to galvanizing, galvannealing, or Zn—Ni alloy plating.
  • the Zn—Ni alloy plating is performed in a form of electrolytic plating.
  • the galvanizing can be performed by immersing the steel sheet cooled to room temperature in the fourth cooling process in a galvanizing bath at 460° C.
  • the plating may be performed in the tempering process by immersing the steel sheet in a galvanizing bath after the third cooling process.
  • galvannealing treatment may be performed by heating the galvanized steel sheet to 480 to 500° C. As with the galvanized steel sheet, the galvannealing treatment may be performed in the tempering process.
  • the sheet thickness of the steel sheet discussed in the present invention is mainly 0.8 to 3.0 mm.
  • An upper limit of the sheet thickness may be set at 2.8 mm or 2.5 mm, as necessary.
  • Slabs that were 240 mm thick and had chemical compositions shown in Table 1 were produced.
  • the slabs were subjected to hot rolling under conditions shown in Tables 2 and 3 to be formed into hot-rolled steel sheets. At that point, a path of rolling with a large rolling reduction of 10% or more was performed at least three times.
  • the hot-rolled steel sheets were coiled after cooled to the coiling temperature by water spray.
  • the produced hot-rolled steel sheets were subjected to pickling to remove scales and subjected to cold rolling under conditions shown in Tables 2 and 3, to be manufactured into cold-rolled steel sheets having a thickness of 1.2 mm.
  • test materials were extracted, and the test materials were heated to maximum annealing temperatures shown in Tables 2 and 3, subjected to annealing in which the test materials were retained for durations shown in Tables 2 and 3 (the first annealing process), and then cooled to cooling stop temperatures at average cooling rates shown in Tables 2 and 3 (the second cooling process).
  • the second annealing process subsequent to the second cooling process was performed by heating the test materials to maximum annealing temperatures shown in Tables 2 and 3 at average heating rates shown in Tables 2 and 3 and retaining the test materials for annealing durations shown in Tables 2 and 3.
  • the test materials were cooled to room temperature at average cooling rates shown in Tables 2 and 3 (the third cooling process).
  • test materials were heated at an average heating rate of 5° C./s to temperatures shown in Tables 2 and 3 and retained for durations shown in Tables 2 and 3. Subsequently, the test materials were cooled at 10° C./s to room temperature (the fourth cooling process).
  • Test Nos. 57 to 59 surfaces of their test materials were subjected to plating treatment.
  • Test No. 57 after the tempering process was finished, Zn—Ni was adhered to its test material by the electrolytic plating.
  • Test No. 58 after the third cooling process, its steel was immersed in a bath of melted Zn heated to 460° C. to be produced into a galvanized steel sheet. The melted zinc contains about 0.01% of Al as in conventional practices. With the temperature of the plating bath, the plating treatment is regarded as a substitute for the tempering process.
  • Test No. 59 as in Test No.
  • a timing for performing the plating is not limited to the above timing.
  • the immersion in the plating bath or the plating may be performed in the third cooling process.
  • the steel sheets produced by the procedure described above were subjected to identification of steel micro-structure by the following method.
  • a method for determining an area fraction of each of kinds of steel micro-structure will be described below.
  • a sample including a cross section that was cut in such a manner as to be perpendicular to a rolling direction and was subjected to mirror polishing and then electrolytic grinding was prepared, and then regions that were 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m or more in area, and were spaced from each other by 0.1 ⁇ m, were measured using a SEM-EBSD.
  • analysis software from TSL Solutions Ltd. was used to calculate an average value of in-grain image qualities of grains (Grain Average Image Quality: GAIQ value). Then, the area fraction of the region at the 1 ⁇ 4 sheet-thickness position determined as FCC was determined to be the area fraction of the residual ⁇ .
  • the area fraction of the fresh martensite was determined by subtracting the retained austenite measured by the method described above from the value of the total area fraction of the fresh martensite and the retained austenite.
  • the fraction of grains having GAIQ values of 5000 or less was determined as the total area fraction of the low temperature tempered martensite and the fresh martensite.
  • the area fraction of the low temperature tempered martensite was determined by subtracting the area fraction of the fresh martensite from this value.
  • a cross section perpendicular to the rolling direction is cut, subjected to mirror polishing, then etched using Nital, and subjected to SEM observation at the 1 ⁇ 4 sheet-thickness position.
  • the SEM observation was performed at 5000 ⁇ magnification, and as a measurement region, four or more fields of view each of which is a 25 ⁇ m ⁇ 20 ⁇ m region were set.
  • the sample was observed under a SEM, and steel micro-structures that had no substructure and were hollowed out were determined to be ferrite or high temperature tempered martensite.
  • a fraction of steel micro-structures whose major axes and minor axes made ratios of two or more was determined to be the area fraction of the high temperature tempered martensite, and a fraction of steel micro-structures that made the ratios less than two was determined to be an area fraction of the ferrite.
  • the major axes and the minor axes were determined as follows. First, one of grains is focused in photographs captured in the above observation, and out of lines each connecting a grain boundary and another grain boundary, a longest line is determined to be the major axis. Then, out of lines each connecting the grain boundary and another grain boundary and dividing the major axis, a shortest line was determined to be the minor axis.
  • bainite similarly, after Nital etching was performed, four or more fields of view each of which was a 25 ⁇ m ⁇ 20 ⁇ m region at the 1 ⁇ 4 sheet-thickness position were observed under a SEM, and steel micro-structures whose major axes and minor axes made ratios of two or more and in which cementite was recognized under a 5000 ⁇ SEM was determined to be the bainite.
  • TS were 1180 MPa or more
  • TS ⁇ lEL were 6000 MPa % or more
  • YS ⁇ uEL were 10000 MPa % or more; the results show high strengths and excellent formabilities.
  • test No. 9 its stop temperature of the second cooling process was 20° C., which was low.
  • the second annealing process was performed after the cooling, and this was under the same heat treatment condition as that of a conventional method described in Non-Patent Document 1 and the like.
  • the low temperature tempered martensite was 2.0%, which was lower than the range of the present invention, and TS was therefore low. This holds true for Test No. 45.
  • the maximum heating temperature of the second annealing process was 530° C., which was low, causing precipitation of cementite and pearlite transformation, which significantly reduced the area fraction of the residual ⁇ .
  • TS ⁇ lEL and YS ⁇ uEL were low.
  • test No. 55 its treatment conditions for the second cooling process were inappropriate, and therefore the area fractions of the high temperature tempered martensite and the low temperature tempered martensite were reduced. As a result, TS ⁇ lEL and YS ⁇ uEL were low.
  • FIGS. 1 to 6 are graphs for understanding a relation between steel micro-structure and mechanical properties from which influences of alloying components are eliminated and each of which plots the relation between steel micro-structure and mechanical properties for a steel type A and a steel type E, which were produced under a plurality of production conditions in Example.
  • excellent mechanical properties are obtained by controlling the area fraction of the low temperature tempered martensite to 15.0 to 60.0%, the area fraction of the retained austenite to 10.0 to 55.0%, the area fraction of the high temperature tempered martensite to 30.0 to 75.0%, and the area fraction of the fresh martensite to 0 to 10.0%.

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CN114990431A (zh) * 2015-06-11 2022-09-02 日本制铁株式会社 合金化热浸镀锌钢板及其制造方法

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US11530459B2 (en) 2017-12-05 2022-12-20 Arcelormittal Cold rolled and annealed steel sheet and method of manufacturing the same
US20210054476A1 (en) * 2018-01-05 2021-02-25 The University Of Hong Kong Automotive steel and a method for the fabrication of the same
US11285529B2 (en) * 2018-04-24 2022-03-29 Nucor Corporation Aluminum-free steel alloys and methods for making the same
CN114645197A (zh) * 2022-02-25 2022-06-21 山东钢铁集团日照有限公司 一种复合强化防护用特种钢及其制造方法

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EP3550047A1 (fr) 2019-10-09
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CN110036128A (zh) 2019-07-19
MX2019006392A (es) 2019-08-01

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