US20190345953A1 - Radial flow runner for a hydraulic machine - Google Patents

Radial flow runner for a hydraulic machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US20190345953A1
US20190345953A1 US16/521,110 US201916521110A US2019345953A1 US 20190345953 A1 US20190345953 A1 US 20190345953A1 US 201916521110 A US201916521110 A US 201916521110A US 2019345953 A1 US2019345953 A1 US 2019345953A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
pressure side
runner
passage
high pressure
low pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US16/521,110
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English (en)
Inventor
Stuart Coulson
Kenneth Dunbar
Benjamin Kotzman
John Seifarth
Daniel Mc Ginnis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voith Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
Voith Patent GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voith Patent GmbH filed Critical Voith Patent GmbH
Priority to US16/521,110 priority Critical patent/US20190345953A1/en
Assigned to VOITH PATENT GMBH reassignment VOITH PATENT GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: COULSON, STUART, DUNBAR, Kenneth, KOTZMAN, Benjamin, MC GINNIS, Daniel, SEIFARTH, John
Publication of US20190345953A1 publication Critical patent/US20190345953A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/02—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto with radial flow at high-pressure side and axial flow at low-pressure side of rotors, e.g. Francis turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/181—Axial flow rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/006—Sealing arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/007—Details, component parts, or accessories especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/08—Sealings
    • F04D29/086—Sealings especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/406—Casings; Connections of working fluid especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
    • F04D29/528—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
    • F04D29/54—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/548—Specially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D3/00—Axial-flow pumps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to hydroelectric turbine or pump installations with a radial flow runner of the Francis type.
  • Hydraulic machines including a radial flow runner of the Francis type are suffering from axial thrust applied to the runner of the hydraulic machine. Since the sealing between the runner and the high pressure side of the water passage cannot be made perfectly tight, water can get in the space between the head cover of the hydraulic machine and the runner crown resulting in a high axial thrust.
  • One concept comprises balancing pipes draining the water passing the seals to the low pressure side of the water passage (see e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 1,820,150 to Moody).
  • Another concept comprises balance holes within the runner crown leading to the runner hub or to the space between the blades of the runner (see e.g. U.S. Pat. No.
  • Balancing pipes are generally expensive.
  • the effectiveness of the prior art balancing holes depends on the revolution speed of the runner and the blade geometry and therefore leading not always to satisfactory results concerning thrust reduction.
  • balancing holes of the known type and the installation of balancing pipes is impractical since the existing hydraulic machine is embedded in concrete. It is desirable in many modernization projects to have new runners with blades which extend closer to the axis of rotation at the trailing edge near runner crown.
  • This geometry provides improved performance characteristics but in many cases makes the use of balancing holes in the runner crown less effective at reducing thrust due to radial pumping effects within the runner crown space below the shaft flange. In some cases where the flange connecting the runner to the shaft is at a relatively low elevation, there may no longer be sufficient space available in the runner crown flange to accommodate balancing holes of the known type and so an alternative solution for thrust reduction is necessary.
  • the present invention provides a runner of the Francis type for a hydraulic turbine or pump.
  • the runner has a low pressure side and a high pressure side.
  • the runner also has a crown including a seal for sealing a space above the crown against water from the high pressure side, a plurality of blades, and each blade of the plurality of blades being defined by a pressure surface, an oppositely facing suction surface, an edge adjoining the high pressure side of the runner, and a spaced apart edge adjoining the low pressure side of the runner.
  • the runner further includes at least one passage being capable to drain high pressure leakage water passing the seal to the low pressure side.
  • the at least one passage includes an inlet aperture located in a portion of the crown which during operation is exposed to high pressure leakage water.
  • the at least one passage is located within a respective blade of the plurality of blades and leads from the inlet aperture to the edge adjoining to the low pressure side of the same respective blade.
  • the passage is shaped to form a continuous opening in the edge adjoining to the low pressure side.
  • the axial thrust can be reduced by a runner that includes at least one passage leading from the runner crown to the trailing edge of at least one of the runner blades. Having leakage water exiting the trailing edge may reduce drag forces as the runner rotates and result in an improvement in hydraulic efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a Francis turbine runner according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a runner blade according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3A shows a cross-sectional view of the runner blade of FIG. 2 , taken across line 3 A- 3 A;
  • FIG. 3B shows different kinds of embodiments of a cross-section view of the runner blade of FIG. 2 , taken across line 3 B- 3 B;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a runner blade according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the runner blade according to FIG. 4 , taken across line 5 - 5 ;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a runner blade according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 displays schematically a cross-sectional view of a Francis turbine runner according to the present invention.
  • the runner crown is designated as 11 .
  • a runner blade 2 extends between the crown 11 and the band designated as 12 .
  • the blade 2 has two edges designate by 3 and 4 .
  • the fluid entering the runner flows from edge 3 towards edge 4 , whereas the high pressure side adjoins to edge 3 and the low pressure side adjoins to edge 4 . It is clear that in pumping mode the flow direction of the fluid is reversed.
  • the runner crown 11 includes circumferential located seal 13 designated as 13 . Seal 13 are construed to seal the space above crown 11 against high pressure water.
  • the runner crown 11 includes an inlet aperture designated by 6 .
  • the inlet aperture 6 is located in a portion of the crown, which is exposed to high pressure water passing the seal 13 .
  • the blade 2 comprises a passage designated by 5 .
  • the passage 5 leads from inlet aperture 6 to a portion of edge 4 adjoining the low pressure side where the passage 5 forms an opening which is designated by 7 .
  • the axial thrust is relieved by draining the leakage water from the space above crown 11 directly through the passage 5 inside blade 2 to the low pressure side.
  • opening 7 is located in the edge 4 directly adjoining the low pressure side the thrust is relieved to a high degree.
  • the location of the opening 7 is at an equal or larger radial distance from the axis of rotation than the inlet aperture 6 . This avoids backpressure due to the radial pumping effect of rotation. Therefore the runner according to the invention relieves the thrust to lower values compared with the runner of U.S. Pat. No. 4,086,020 because the balancing holes of U.S. Pat. No. 4,086,020 leading to the hub and the space between the blades do not adjoin directly to the low pressure side of the runner.
  • the radial pumping effect within the hub of U.S. Pat. No. 4,086,020 is significant and results in higher pressure above the runner and consequently higher axial downthrust.
  • FIG. 2 displays schematically a cross-sectional view of a runner blade according to present invention.
  • the blade is designated as 2 .
  • the blade 2 has an edge 3 adjoining the high pressure side and an edge 4 adjoining the low pressure side.
  • the fluid flow is divided by the blade 2 whereas one side of the blade 2 forms the pressure surface and the other side the suction surface.
  • the blade 2 shown in FIG. 2 contains a passage which is designated as 5 .
  • the blade 2 has an inlet apertures designated as 6 .
  • At the edge 4 there is a continuous opening designated as 7 .
  • Inlet aperture 6 , passage 5 and the continuous opening 7 are forming a smooth passage through the blade minimizing losses as the leakage water flows through the blade.
  • FIGS. 3A-3B display schematically cross-sectional views through the blade 2 of FIG. 2 along the marked sections 3 A- 3 A and 3 B- 3 B.
  • FIG. 3B-3B displays three different embodiments of the continuous opening 7 which is displayed in three different views along section 3 B- 3 B.
  • the blade 2 comprises a base part which is designated by 8 and a cover part which is designated by 9 .
  • the base part 8 includes either the entire suction side or pressure side surface of the blade as well as the entire surface of the edge adjoining the high pressure side and a substantial portion of the surface of the edge adjoining the low pressure side.
  • a cavity is machined or cast into the base part 8 .
  • the thinner cover part 9 is attached to the base part 8 thus forming the gas passage 5 .
  • the cover part 9 may be metal or composite material, may be cast formed or machined and may be attached by welding or by a bonding material (epoxy, glue, etc.).
  • the topmost cross-sectional view along section 3 B- 3 B shows a first embodiment of the continuous opening 7 .
  • the continuous opening 7 is confined by the pressure and suction side surfaces which meet at the trailing edge 4 . In this first embodiment the pressure and suction side surfaces are ending respectively at the same distance measured from the edge 3 adjoining the high pressure side along the section's camberline.
  • the middle cross-sectional view along section 3 B- 3 B shows a second embodiment of the continuous opening 7 .
  • the pressure side surface extends further than the suction side surface measured from the edge 3 adjoining the high pressure side along the section's camberline.
  • the bottom cross-sectional view along section 3 B- 3 B shows a third embodiment of the continuous opening 7 .
  • the edge 4 adjoining the low pressure side in the region of opening 7 is profiled to minimize vortex shedding.
  • this kind of profile can be present over the whole length of edge 4 .
  • FIG. 4 displays schematically a cross-sectional view of a runner blade according to present invention in another embodiment. Additionally to the blade of FIG. 2 the embodiment according FIG. 4 includes three spacer pieces one of them being designated as 10 .
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view along cross-section 5 - 5 displaying a side view of the spacer piece 10 .
  • Spacer pieces 10 are positioned within the passage 5 as needed to avoid the buckling of the cover part 9 .
  • the spacer pieces 10 could be integral to the base part 8 or fixedly attached to either the base part 8 or cover part 9 . It is clear that the number of spacer pieces 10 is not restricted to the number of three but there can be any number of spacer pieces 10 .
  • FIG. 6 shows the runner according to the present invention featuring aerodynamically shaped spacer pieces 10 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
US16/521,110 2017-01-24 2019-07-24 Radial flow runner for a hydraulic machine Abandoned US20190345953A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US16/521,110 US20190345953A1 (en) 2017-01-24 2019-07-24 Radial flow runner for a hydraulic machine

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201762449835P 2017-01-24 2017-01-24
US201762519472P 2017-06-14 2017-06-14
PCT/EP2017/081659 WO2018137821A1 (en) 2017-01-24 2017-12-06 Radial flow runner for a hydraulic machine
US16/521,110 US20190345953A1 (en) 2017-01-24 2019-07-24 Radial flow runner for a hydraulic machine

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2017/081659 Continuation WO2018137821A1 (en) 2017-01-24 2017-12-06 Radial flow runner for a hydraulic machine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20190345953A1 true US20190345953A1 (en) 2019-11-14

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ID=60654960

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US16/521,110 Abandoned US20190345953A1 (en) 2017-01-24 2019-07-24 Radial flow runner for a hydraulic machine

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20190345953A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP3574208B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN110199112B (zh)
CA (1) CA3051290A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2018137821A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022171336A1 (en) * 2021-02-11 2022-08-18 Voith Patent Gmbh Runner for a hydraulic turbine or pump
WO2023247097A1 (en) 2022-06-23 2023-12-28 Voith Patent Gmbh Method of making a turbine blade and runner comprising such a blade

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1820150A (en) 1920-09-15 1931-08-25 Moody Lewis Ferry Labyrinth packing for turbines
US4086020A (en) 1974-06-07 1978-04-25 Hitachi, Ltd. Hydraulic machine
JPS5920572A (ja) * 1982-07-26 1984-02-02 Hitachi Ltd 水車用水潤滑軸受
US5924842A (en) * 1996-10-17 1999-07-20 Voith Hydro, Inc. Hydraulic turbine for enhancing the level of dissolved gas in water
US5823740A (en) * 1997-02-25 1998-10-20 Voith Hydro, Inc. Dissolved gas augmentation with mixing chambers
JP2002235652A (ja) * 2001-02-09 2002-08-23 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd フランシス水車
CN1414249A (zh) * 2002-11-15 2003-04-30 王晓强 一种叶片式机械的叶片叶尖结构
JP2007154667A (ja) * 2005-11-30 2007-06-21 Toshiba Corp フランシス形水力機械
FR2914028B1 (fr) * 2007-03-20 2012-09-21 Alstom Power Hydraulique Machine hydraulique et procede de prevention de l'usure d'une telle machine
FR2919353B1 (fr) * 2007-07-23 2014-02-14 Alstom Power Hydraulique Machine hydraulique comprenant des moyens d'injection d'un ecoulement preleve d'un ecoulement principal
JP2011137407A (ja) * 2009-12-28 2011-07-14 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 水車
FR3016134B1 (fr) * 2014-01-08 2016-04-15 Alstom Renewable Technologies Procede de fabrication d'une roue de type francis pour machine hydraulique et roue fabriquee par un tel procede

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN110199112A (zh) 2019-09-03
EP3574208A1 (en) 2019-12-04
BR112019015020A2 (pt) 2020-03-10
CN110199112B (zh) 2020-10-23
CA3051290A1 (en) 2018-08-02
EP3574208B1 (en) 2020-06-10
WO2018137821A1 (en) 2018-08-02

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