US20190226953A1 - Microscale and mesoscale condenser devices - Google Patents

Microscale and mesoscale condenser devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US20190226953A1
US20190226953A1 US15/875,862 US201815875862A US2019226953A1 US 20190226953 A1 US20190226953 A1 US 20190226953A1 US 201815875862 A US201815875862 A US 201815875862A US 2019226953 A1 US2019226953 A1 US 2019226953A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
fluid
condenser array
pillars
microchannel
lattice
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Abandoned
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US15/875,862
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English (en)
Inventor
Benjamin H. Wunsch
Joshua T. Smith
Sung-cheol Kim
Stacey M. Gifford
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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Priority to US15/875,862 priority Critical patent/US20190226953A1/en
Assigned to INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION reassignment INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WUNSCH, BENJAMIN H., GIFFORD, STACEY M., KIM, SUNG-CHEOL, SMITH, Joshua T.
Priority to DE112019000163.9T priority patent/DE112019000163T5/de
Priority to GB2010161.4A priority patent/GB2583301B/en
Priority to PCT/IB2019/050271 priority patent/WO2019142086A1/en
Priority to JP2020538856A priority patent/JP7332245B2/ja
Priority to CN201980008769.9A priority patent/CN111615748B/zh
Publication of US20190226953A1 publication Critical patent/US20190226953A1/en
Priority to US17/227,522 priority patent/US11566982B2/en
Priority to US18/061,635 priority patent/US11754476B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
    • G01N1/4077—Concentrating samples by other techniques involving separation of suspended solids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/44—Edge filtering elements, i.e. using contiguous impervious surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • B01L3/502746—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by the means for controlling flow resistance, e.g. flow controllers, baffles or throttle valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • B01L3/502761—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip specially adapted for handling suspended solids or molecules independently from the bulk fluid flow, e.g. for trapping or sorting beads or physically stretching molecules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/06—Fluid handling related problems
    • B01L2200/0647—Handling flowable solids, e.g. microscopic beads, cells, particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/06—Fluid handling related problems
    • B01L2200/0647—Handling flowable solids, e.g. microscopic beads, cells, particles
    • B01L2200/0652—Sorting or classification of particles or molecules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0848—Specific forms of parts of containers
    • B01L2300/0858—Side walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/08—Regulating or influencing the flow resistance
    • B01L2400/084—Passive control of flow resistance
    • B01L2400/086—Passive control of flow resistance using baffles or other fixed flow obstructions

Definitions

  • the subject disclosure relates to microscale and/or mesoscale condenser devices, and more specifically to microscale and/or mesoscale condenser arrays that can facilitate microfluidic separation and/or purification of mesoscale and/or nanoscale particles.
  • colloids particles
  • purification can inevitably comprise a spatial requirement: desired colloids can be transferred to a specific space, thereby removing them from other contaminates and undesired species.
  • Much of nanotechnology and biotechnology has been concerned with purification techniques, including gel electrophoresis, chromatography, centrifugation, affinity binding and molecular sieving. In all of these techniques, energy is expended to physically transfer a colloidal species from a mixture into a non-contaminated solvent, effecting purification.
  • nanoscale and nanoscale deterministic lateral displacement (nanoDLD”), which uses asymmetric mesoscale pillar arrays to laterally displace jets of colloid mixtures into size-sorted streams.
  • nanoscale condenser arrays (nCA”), produces lateral splitting of colloid mixtures in a flowing stream using manipulation of the fluid flow itself, producing a nearly size-agnostic method of displacing particles.
  • an apparatus can comprise a condenser array, which can comprise a plurality of pillars, and the plurality of pillars can be arranged in a plurality of columns.
  • a pillar gap greater than or equal to about 0.5 micrometers can be located between a first pillar of the plurality of pillars in a first column of the plurality of columns and a second pillar of the plurality of pillars in the first column.
  • the first pillar can be adjacent to the second pillar.
  • the plurality of pillars can define a lattice that laterally displaces a fluid flowing through the condenser array.
  • a method can comprise receiving a fluid at a microchannel comprising a condenser array.
  • the method can also comprise displacing, by the condenser array, a particle from the fluid in a direction lateral to a side wall of the microchannel. Further, the method can comprise outputting the particle from the microchannel at a rate greater than about 1.0 nanoliters per hour.
  • the condenser array can comprise a plurality of pillars that can define a lattice that can laterally displace the fluid as the fluid flows through the condenser array.
  • the method can comprise receiving a sample fluid and a solvent fluid at a microchannel comprising a condenser array.
  • the method can also comprise displacing, by the condenser array, a sample from the sample fluid in a direction lateral to a side wall of the microchannel, wherein the sample can be displaced into the solvent fluid.
  • the method can comprise outputting the sample from the microchannel at a rate greater than about 1.0 nanoliters per hour.
  • the condenser array can comprise a plurality of pillars, which can define a lattice that can laterally displace the sample as the sample fluid flows through the condenser array.
  • microscale and/or mesoscale condenser array designs which can: manipulate nanoscale and/or mesoscale particles (e.g., colloids) across a broad size band; and comprise microscale and/or mesoscale fluidic channels (e.g., comprising pores and/or gaps), which can allow higher throughput rates than conventional nanoscale metamaterials.
  • the microscale and/or mesoscale condenser arrays described herein can provide particle (e.g., colloidal purification) while maintaining low fluidic resistances, thereby enabling the ability for a chip to output appreciable fluid flows (e.g., 100-1000+ ⁇ L/hr) for low to medium volume preparative applications.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a diagram of an example, non-limiting condenser array in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a diagram of example, non-limiting pillar shapes that can comprise one or more condenser arrays in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.
  • FIG. 3A illustrates a diagram of an example, non-limiting condenser array that can displace one or more particles (e.g., colloids) towards a collection wall in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.
  • particles e.g., colloids
  • FIG. 3B illustrates a diagram of an example, non-limiting condenser array that can displace one or more particles (e.g., colloids) towards a sub-channel in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.
  • particles e.g., colloids
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a diagram of an example, non-limiting condenser array that can comprise a plurality of stages with varying pillar gaps in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.
  • FIG. 5A illustrates a diagram of an example, non-limiting condenser array that can comprise a plurality of states with varying displacement directions in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.
  • FIG. 5B illustrates a diagram of an example, non-limiting condenser array that can comprise a plurality of states with varying displacement directions in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a diagram of an example, non-limiting condenser array that can comprise a pillar gap gradient in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a diagram of an example, non-limiting condenser array that can displace one or more particles (e.g., colloids) towards a collection wall to facilitate microfluidic purification in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.
  • particles e.g., colloids
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a diagram of an example, non-limiting condenser array that can displace one or more particles (e.g., colloids) towards a collection channel to facilitate microfluidic purification in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.
  • particles e.g., colloids
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a flow diagram of an example, non-limiting method that can facilitate microfluidic separation via one or more condenser arrays in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a flow diagram of an example, non-limiting method that can facilitate microfluidic purification via one or more condenser arrays in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a diagram of an example, non-limiting condenser array 100 in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.
  • the condenser array 100 can be located within a microchannel 103 and can comprise a plurality of pillars 102 .
  • the condenser array 100 can operate on a principle of hydrodynamic chaos facilitated by one or more lattice structures 104 defined by the plurality of pillars 102 .
  • the condenser array 100 can be a microscale condenser array and/or a mesoscale condenser array.
  • the condenser array 100 can have one or more geometries on the microscale and/or the mesoscale.
  • microscale can refer to one or more devices, apparatuses, and/or features having one or more characteristic dimensions greater than or equal to 1 micrometer and less than or equal to 999 micrometers.
  • meoscale can refer to one or more devices, apparatuses, and/or features having one or more characteristic dimensions greater than or equal to 0.1 millimeters and less than or equal to 100 millimeters.
  • a fluid can flow through the microchannel 103 , and thereby the condenser array 100 , in a direction indicated by the arrow “F” in FIG. 1 .
  • the plurality of pillars 102 can act to deflect the fluid itself, causing a minor lateral component to the fluid flow which does not average out over the length of the microchannel 103 .
  • a net lateral displacement of the fluid can laterally move one or more particles (e.g., colloids) comprising the fluid; and thereby can affect a spatial displacement or “condensation” within the condenser array 100 .
  • the condenser array 100 can concentrate one or more particles (e.g., colloids) into a concentrated stream. Further, the concentrated stream can comprise one or more particles (e.g., colloids) of a particular size and/or one or more particles (e.g., colloids) of various sizes.
  • Condensing one or more particles (e.g., colloids) of the fluid into a concentrated stream can be useful for concentrating a sample and/or preparing a sample for further separation into streams based on size/chemistry for purification. Since the condenser array 100 can manipulate the fluid flow itself, particles (e.g., colloids) within the fluid, regardless of size, can experience the same lateral displacement. The condensing (e.g., the lateral fluid displacement) that can be achieved by the condenser array 100 can depend on the geometry of the one or more lattice structures 104 and/or the plurality of pillars 102 . Previous art has specified the geometry only on the nanoscale (e.g., less than 500 nanometers (nm) for all dimensions). In one or more embodiments described herein, the condenser array 100 can comprise a microscale structure that can still manipulate nano-size particles (e.g., colloids).
  • nano-size particles e.g., colloids
  • the plurality of pillars 102 can be arranged in a plurality of columns (e.g., column 105 traversing the microchannel 103 along the “y” axis) and/or a plurality of rows (e.g., row 107 traversing the microchannel 103 along the “x” axis). Additionally, adjacent columns 105 , 109 comprising the plurality of pillars 102 can be arranged offset each other (e.g., along the y axis), thereby positioning the plurality of rows at an angle to one or more walls 106 of the microchannel 103 .
  • FIG. 1 shows an expanded view of an exemplary lattice structure 104 defined by four pillars (e.g., pillar 102 can be an example of one of the four pillars).
  • the lattice structure 104 can be defined by four pillars of the plurality of pillars (e.g., where one or more pillars can be as shown at pillar 102 ).
  • the lattice structure 104 can be located throughout the condenser array 100 and/or at portion of the condenser array 100 . Further, the four pillars 102 can be adjacent to each other. For example, two adjacent pillars 102 of a column 105 and two adjacent pillars 102 of a row 107 can define a lattice structure 104 , wherein the column 105 and the row 107 can be adjacent to each other.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of four exemplary pillars 102 , which can define a lattice structure 104 , with dashed lines. Further, as shown in FIG. 1 , dashed lines delineate an expanded view of an exemplary lattice structure 104 defined by the four exemplary pillars 102 .
  • the condenser array 100 can comprise one or more lattice structures 104 in one or more locations within the microchannel 100 other than the location of the exemplary, expanded lattice structure 104 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • E can represent a lateral shift between centers 108 of pillars 102 of sequential columns.
  • the lateral shift (e.g., represented by E) between sequential columns of pillars 102 can be characterized by formula 1: D y /N.
  • the lateral shift (e.g., represented by E) of the condenser array 100 can be greater than or equal 0 . 01 and/or less than or equal to 0.3.
  • D y can represent a first distance across the lattice structure 104 along the y axis of the condenser array 100 .
  • D y can extend from a first boundary 110 of the lattice structure 104 to a second boundary 112 of the lattice structure 104 .
  • the first boundary 110 can be defined by a first center line of a first row 107 of pillars 102
  • the second boundary 112 can be defined by a second center line of a second row 107 of pillars 102 ; wherein the first row 107 of pillars 102 and the second row 107 of pillars 102 can be adjacent to each other in some embodiments.
  • D y can be greater than or equal to 1 ⁇ m and/or less than or equal to 100 ⁇ m.
  • N can represent a number of sequential columns that can be employed to overcome the lateral shift and place two columns in alignment.
  • N can equal 10 as indicated by the dashed triangle 114 , which exemplifies the lateral shift.
  • D x can represent a second distance across the lattice structure 104 along the x axis of the condenser array 100 .
  • D x can extend from a third boundary 116 of the lattice structure 104 to a fourth boundary 118 of the lattice structure 104 .
  • the third boundary 116 can be defined by a third center line of a first column 105 of pillars 102
  • the fourth boundary 118 can be defined by a fourth center line of a second column 105 of pillars 102 ; wherein the first column 105 of pillars 102 and the second column 105 of pillars 102 can be adjacent to each other.
  • D y can be measured along a first direction (e.g., along the y axis of the condenser array 100 ) that is orthogonal to a second direction (e.g., along the x axis of the condenser array 100 ), along which the D x can be measured.
  • D x can be greater than or equal to 1 ⁇ m and less than or equal to 100 ⁇ m.
  • “D 0 ” can represent a diameter of the plurality of pillars 102 defining a subject lattice structure 104 .
  • the D 0 of the pillars 102 can be greater than or equal to 0.5 ⁇ m and/or less than or equal to 99.5 ⁇ m.
  • the plurality of pillars 102 can have a height greater than or equal to 1 ⁇ m and/or less than or equal to 100 ⁇ m.
  • “G” can represent a pillar gap between adjacent pillars 102 of the same column 105 .
  • the condenser array 100 can have a G of greater than or equal to 0.5 micrometers ( ⁇ m) and/or less than or equal to 100 ⁇ m.
  • “ ⁇ ” can represent an angle respective of a wall 106 of the microchannel 103 . The ⁇ can be greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees.
  • a lattice ratio of the lattice structure 104 can be characterized by formula 2: D x /D y .
  • the lattice ratio can be greater than 0.1 and/or less than or equal to 1.0 to facilitate operation of the condenser array 100 .
  • a geometry ratio of the condenser array 100 can be characterized by formula 3: D 0 /D y .
  • the geometry ratio can be greater than 0.1 and less than or equal to 1.0 to facilitate operation of the condenser array 100 .
  • the condenser array 100 can comprise greater than or equal 100 columns of pillars 102 to facilitate operation.
  • the condenser array 100 can have an overall length (e.g., along the x axis) greater than or equal to 0.1 millimeters (mm) and less than or equal to 10 mm.
  • An embodiment of the condenser array 100 comprising one or more of the geometries described herein can facilitate a microscale and/or mesoscale condenser array 100 structures and/or facilitate high throughput rates.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a diagram of example, non-limiting shapes of the pillars (e.g., pillar 102 ) that can comprise the condenser array 100 . Repetitive description of like elements employed in other embodiments described herein is omitted for sake of brevity.
  • FIG. 2 shows cross sections of example pillars 102 . While FIG. 2 depicts six exemplary shapes, the architecture of the pillars 102 is not so limited.
  • the pillars e.g., pillar 102
  • the pillars can be formed as alternative shapes from the ones depicted in FIG.
  • FIG. 2 shows, for example: a circular shape 202 , a triangular shape 204 , a square shape 206 , a U-shape 208 , a napiform shape 210 , a pentagonal shape 212 (e.g., an irregular pentagon), and/or the like.
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate diagrams of example, non-limiting microchannels 300 , 302 that can comprise a condenser array 100 in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein. Repetitive description of like elements employed in other embodiments described herein is omitted for sake of brevity.
  • the condenser array 100 can traverse the entirety of the microchannel 300 , 302 ; however, in one or more embodiments, the condenser array 100 can traverse a portion of the microchannel 300 , 302 .
  • one or more of the microchannels 300 , 302 can have the structure and/or functionality of microchannel 103 .
  • the lateral shift (e.g., represented by E in FIG. 1 ) can define the angle (e.g., represented by ⁇ ) of the rows of pillars 102 along the axial length (e.g., along the x axis) of the microchannel 300 , 302 .
  • the angle (e.g., represented by ⁇ ) can defines a lateral displacement direction (e.g., represented by arrow “LD”) for the condenser array 100 .
  • the lateral displacement direction (e.g., represented by arrow LD) can indicate a direction in which particles (e.g., colloids) are displaced.
  • a fluid can flow (e.g., in a fluid direction indicated by arrow F) through the condenser array 100 at a steady state, which can be affected by an external driving forced that can include, but is not limited to: electro-osmotic flow, pressure driven flow, capillary flow, a combination thereof, and/or the like.
  • an external driving forced can include, but is not limited to: electro-osmotic flow, pressure driven flow, capillary flow, a combination thereof, and/or the like.
  • the microchannel 300 shown in FIG. 3A can be a wall-focused microchannel, wherein one or more particles (e.g., colloids) can be displaced in a lateral displacement direction (e.g., indicated by arrow LD) towards a collection wall 304 . Further, one or more particles (e.g., colloids) can collect along the collection wall 304 , thereby forming a concentrated stream of particles (e.g., colloids). For example, a fluid can be provided to the condenser array 100 via an inlet side 306 of the microchannel 300 .
  • one or more particles e.g., colloids
  • a fluid can be provided to the condenser array 100 via an inlet side 306 of the microchannel 300 .
  • the fluid can flow (e.g., in a fluid direction indicated by arrow F) through the condenser array 100 to an outlet side 308 of the microchannel 300 , wherein the fluid and/or one or more particles (e.g., colloids) can exit the condenser array 100 and/or the microchannel 300 .
  • particles e.g., colloids
  • particles within the fluid can be displaced (e.g., in a lateral displacement direction indicated by arrow LD) towards the collection wall 304 .
  • microchannel 300 e.g., a wall-focused microchannel
  • LD lateral displacement direction
  • the microchannel 302 shown in FIG. 3B can be a channel-focused microchannel, wherein the fluid can be displaced in a plurality of lateral directions (e.g., indicated by arrows LD) towards a collection channel 312 (e.g., a sub-channel). Further, one or more particles (e.g., colloids) can collect along the collection channel 312 forming a concentrated stream of particles (e.g., colloids). For example, a fluid can be provided to the condenser array 100 via an inlet side 306 of the microchannel 302 .
  • a fluid can be provided to the condenser array 100 via an inlet side 306 of the microchannel 302 .
  • the fluid can flow (e.g., in a fluid direction indicated by arrow F) through the condenser array 100 to an outlet side 308 of the microchannel 302 , wherein the fluid and/or one or more particles (e.g., colloids) can exit the condenser array 100 and/or the microchannel 302 .
  • one or more particles e.g., colloids
  • one or more other particles e.g., colloids
  • one or more lattice structures 104 comprising the condenser array 100 can be configured to displace particles (e.g., colloids) in the first lateral displacement direction, while one or more other lattice structures 104 comprising the condenser array 100 can be configured to displace particles (e.g., colloids) in the second lateral displacement direction.
  • particles e.g., colloids
  • microchannel 302 e.g., a channel-focused microchannel
  • microchannel 302 can comprise a mirror plane with two opposing lateral flows, which can push one or more particles (e.g., colloids) into a single stream within the condenser array 100 , termed the collection channel 312 .
  • the collection channel 312 can be located at any coordinate along the lateral width of the microchannel (e.g., along the y axis) by scaling two sections of the plurality of pillars 102 (e.g., two portions of the condenser array 100 ).
  • FIG. 3B shows the collection channel 312 located along the middle of the condenser array 100
  • the collection channel 312 can be located further to the left or right of the exemplary location shown in FIG. 3B .
  • the lateral directions e.g., indicated by arrows LD
  • the condenser array 100 can comprise uniform geometries and/or varying geometries.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a diagram of an example, non-limiting microchannel 400 comprising varying condenser array 100 geometries. Repetitive description of like elements employed in other embodiments described herein is omitted for sake of brevity.
  • Microchannel 400 can be interpreted as comprising a condenser array 100 with a plurality of stages having respective geometries or a plurality of adjacent condenser arrays 100 with respective geometries.
  • microchannel 400 is described herein as comprising a condenser array 100 with a plurality of stages, each of which can have different geometries.
  • one or more of the microchannel 400 can have the structure and/or functionality of microchannels 103 , 300 , 302 .
  • Fluid can flow through the microchannel 400 from the inlet side 306 to the outlet side 308 (e.g., in a fluid direction indicated by arrow F).
  • the condenser array 100 can comprise a plurality of stages, such as: a first stage 402 , a second stage 404 , a third stage 406 , and/or a fourth stage 408 . While FIG. 4 shows four stages, additional or fewer stages are also envisaged.
  • the condenser array 100 can comprise greater than or equal to 2 stages and less than or equal to any number of required stages such that the hydrodynamic resistance does not impede the required throughput.
  • Each stage of the condenser array 100 can be characterized by different geometries, which can include, but are not limited to: different pillar 102 widths (e.g., represented by D 0 ), different pillar 102 heights, different pillar 102 shapes, different pillar 102 gaps (e.g., represented by G), different lateral shifts (e.g., represented by E), different pillar 102 row angles (e.g., represented by 0 ), different first distances (e.g., represented by D y ), different second distances (e.g., represented by D x ), different lattice ratios, different geometry ratios, a combination thereof, and/or the like.
  • FIG. 4 shows that the pillar 102 gap (e.g., represented by G) can narrow with each sequential stage of the condenser array 100 of the microchannel 400 .
  • each stage of the condenser array 100 can have a different pillar gap size (e.g., represented by G), thereby causing a different angle of deflection for four different colloid species, A through D.
  • the size of the colloid species can vary and can be characterized as A>B>C>D.
  • the first stage 402 can displace the largest colloid species, A, against the collection wall 304 , where it can be isolated by a side channel or outlet.
  • Each additional stage can have a modified geometry ratio (e.g., characterized by D 0 /D y ), which can increase the angle of deflection for the next largest colloid, allowing a systematic condensation and isolation of all colloidal species.
  • the second stage 404 can displace the second largest colloid species, B, against the collection wall 304 , where it can be isolated by another side channel or outlet;
  • the third stage 406 can displace the third largest colloid species, C, against the collection wall 304 , where it can be isolated by another side channel or outlet;
  • the fourth stage 408 can displace the fourth largest colloid species, D, against the collection wall 304 , where it can be isolated by another side channel or outlet.
  • D fourth largest colloid species
  • the third region 410 can depict an exemplary flow path of the largest colloid species A
  • the fourth region 412 can depict an exemplary flow path of the second largest colloid species B
  • the fifth region 414 can depict an exemplary flow path of the third largest colloid species C
  • the sixth region 416 can depict an exemplary flow path of the fourth largest colloid species D.
  • An embodiment in which the condenser array 100 comprises the exemplified staged design described herein can allow multiple colloid specie to be purified from a single fluid stream based on size.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B can illustrate diagrams of example, non-limiting microchannels 500 , 502 that can comprise condenser arrays 100 that can facilitate displacement of one or more particles (e.g., colloids) in multiple lateral displacement directions in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein. Repetitive description of like elements employed in other embodiments described herein is omitted for sake of brevity.
  • the condenser arrays 100 of microchannel 500 and microchannel 502 can comprise a plurality of stages, which can exhibit multiple lateral displacement directions.
  • a fluid can flow through microchannel 500 (e.g., in a fluid direction indicated by arrow F) from an inlet side 306 to an outlet side 308 .
  • the condenser array 100 can displace respective particle (e.g., colloid) species within the fluid in varying lateral displacement directions (e.g., as indicated by arrows LD).
  • a fifth stage 504 of the condenser array 100 can displace the fluid in a first lateral displacement direction (e.g., to the right in FIG. 5A as indicated by arrow LD).
  • a first colloid species e.g., A
  • a sixth stage 506 of the condenser array 100 can displace the fluid in a second lateral displacement direction (e.g., to the left in FIG. 5A as indicated by arrow LD).
  • a second colloid species e.g., B
  • B can be displaced along a second collection wall 508 and form another concentrated stream that can exit the condenser array 100 by the outlet side 308 (e.g., as depicted by arrow B).
  • the seventh region 510 can depict an exemplary flow path of the first colloid species (e.g., A) through the condenser array 100 .
  • the eighth region 512 can depict an exemplary flow path of the second colloid species (e.g., B) through the condenser array 100 .
  • a fluid can flow through microchannel 502 (e.g., in a fluid direction indicated by arrow F) from an inlet side 306 to an outlet side 308 .
  • the condenser array 100 can displace respective particle (e.g., colloid) species within the fluid in varying lateral displacement directions (e.g., as indicated by arrows LD).
  • a seventh stage 514 of the condenser array 100 can displace the fluid in a first lateral displacement direction (e.g., to the right in FIG. 5B as indicated by arrow LD).
  • a first colloid species e.g., A
  • a side outlet e.g., as depicted by arrow A
  • an eighth stage 516 of the condenser array 100 can displace the fluid in a second lateral displacement direction (e.g., to the left in FIG. 5A as indicated by arrow LD).
  • a second colloid species e.g., B
  • a second colloid species can be displaced along a second collection wall 508 and form another concentrated stream that can exit the condenser array 100 by the outlet side 308 (e.g., as depicted by arrow B).
  • a ninth stage 518 of the condenser array 100 can displace the fluid in the first lateral displacement direction again.
  • a third colloid species e.g., C
  • the ninth region 520 can depict an exemplary flow path of the first colloid species (e.g., A) through the condenser array 100 .
  • the tenth region 522 can depict an exemplary flow path of the second colloid species (e.g., B) through the condenser array 100 .
  • the eleventh region 524 can depict an exemplary flow path of the second colloid species (e.g., C) through the condenser array 100 .
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B show condenser arrays 100 , in which the lateral direction of each sequential stage can be varied to manipulate particle population(s) by size.
  • a two species jet of colloids can be manipulated such that the larger species (e.g., A) can be condensed and isolated on one side of the channel (e.g., collection wall 304 ), and the second species (e.g., B) can be deflected and condensed on the opposite side (e.g., second collection wall 508 ).
  • This spatial separation can allow the two jets of particles to then be isolated at the outlet (e.g., outlet side 308 ) of the condenser array 100 , to effect high resolution separation.
  • the three-stage design shown in FIG. 5B can effect the same separation on a 3 species particle (e.g., colloidal) jet.
  • a 3 species particle e.g., colloidal
  • any number of stages, each of varying geometry and length, can be sequentially run to effect different deflections and isolations of particles.
  • One or more embodiments in which the condenser array 100 facilitates multiple lateral displacement directions can have the advantage of separating and/or purifying various particles (e.g., colloids) based on size.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a diagram of an example, non-limiting microchannel 600 that can comprise a multi-stage condenser array 100 in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein. Repetitive description of like elements employed in other embodiments described herein is omitted for sake of brevity.
  • various shades of a condenser array 100 comprising the microchannel 600 can represent respective condenser array 100 geometries.
  • FIG. 6 depicts expanded views of four exemplary stages of the condenser array 100 , having respective geometries (e.g., varying pillar 102 gaps G).
  • FIG. 6 depicts expanded views of four exemplary stages of the condenser array 100 , having respective geometries (e.g., varying pillar 102 gaps G).
  • FIG. 6 shows a staged condenser array 100 , in which the transition between different geometries can be a gradual change between each pillar 102 row 107 .
  • An embodiment in which the condenser array 100 comprises the shown gradient change in the particle deflection, as opposed to an abrupt transition in the staged design, can be used for mixtures of particles in which the size difference is a continuous distribution (dispersion) and therefore requires a continuous fractionation to effect separation.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a diagram of an example, non-limiting microchannel 700 that can comprise a wall-focused condenser array 100 and/or facilitate purification of a sample fluid. Repetitive description of like elements employed in other embodiments described herein is omitted for sake of brevity.
  • the microchannel 700 can comprise a condenser array 100 in fluid communication with one or more sample inlet 702 and/or one or more solvent inlet 704 .
  • a sample fluid can flow through the one or more sample inlet 702 (e.g., in a direction indicated by arrow “SA”) and into the condenser array 100 .
  • a solvent fluid can flow through the one or more solvent inlet 704 (e.g., in a direction indicated by arrow “S”) and into the condenser array 100 .
  • the sample fluid and the solvent fluid can flow through the condenser array 100 (e.g., in a direction indicated by arrow F) and can exit via one or more contaminant outlets 706 and/or one or more sample outlets 708 .
  • the fluids can be displaced towards in a lateral displacement direction (e.g., in a general direction indicated by arrow LD). Further, one or more samples within the sample fluid can be displaced towards a collection wall 304 . Also, the solvent fluid can be displaced towards the collection wall 304 . The sample and/or the solvent fluid can collect along the collection wall 304 and/or form a concentrated stream, which can exit the condenser array 100 via the sample outlet 708 . In contrast, one or more contaminants within the sample fluid can remain free of the collection wall 304 and exit the condenser array 100 via the contaminant outlet 706 .
  • a twelfth region 710 can depict an exemplary flow path of the solvent fluid through the condenser array 100 .
  • a thirteenth region 712 can depict an exemplary flow path of the one or more samples through the condenser array 100 .
  • a fourteenth region 714 can depict an exemplary flow path of the one or more contaminants through the condenser array 100 .
  • Microchannel 700 can purify colloidal samples with high band pass, such as extracellular vesicles.
  • purification can be used to imply that one or more colloid species of interest can be isolated from other colloids outside of a certain size range, larger and smaller particles, including salts, small molecules, contaminates, etc., present in the original injected sample stream.
  • This purification can be effected by the simultaneous injection of a pure solvent stream co-axial with the sample stream.
  • the pure solvent stream its composition selected by the user depending the application requirements, can generate a clean solution space into which particles can be deflected, effecting the purification.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a diagram of an example, non-limiting microchannel 800 that can comprise a channel-focused condenser array 100 and/or facilitate purification of a sample fluid. Repetitive description of like elements employed in other embodiments described herein is omitted for sake of brevity.
  • the microchannel 800 can comprise a condenser array 100 in fluid communication with one or more sample inlets 702 and/or one or more solvent inlets 704 .
  • a sample fluid can flow through the one or more sample inlet 702 (e.g., in a direction indicated by arrows SA) and into the condenser array 100 .
  • a solvent fluid can flow through the one or more solvent inlet 704 (e.g., in a direction indicated by arrow S) and into the condenser array 100 .
  • the sample fluid and the solvent fluid can flow through the condenser array 100 (e.g., in a direction indicated by arrow F) and can exit via one or more contaminant outlets 706 and/or one or more sample outlets 708 .
  • the fluids can be displaced towards in multiple lateral displacement directions (e.g., in directions indicated by arrows LD). Further, one or more samples within the sample fluid can be displaced towards a collection channel 312 . Also, the solvent fluid can be displaced towards the collection channel 312 . The sample and/or the solvent fluid can collect along the collection channel 312 and/or form a concentrated stream, which can exit the condenser array 100 via the sample outlet 708 . In contrast, one or more contaminants within the sample fluid can remain free of the collection channel 312 and exit the condenser array 100 via one or more of the contaminant outlets 706 .
  • a fifteenth region 802 can depict an exemplary flow path of the solvent fluid through the condenser array 100 .
  • a sixteenth region 804 can depict an exemplary flow path of the one or more samples through the condenser array 100 .
  • a seventeenth region 806 can depict an exemplary flow path of the one or more contaminants through the condenser array 100 .
  • the various embodiments regarding the condenser array 100 can be utilized to design microchannels that can facilitate sample purification.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show a single solvent inlet 704
  • microchannels comprising a plurality of solvent inlets 704 in fluid communication with a condenser array 100 are also envisaged.
  • microchannels 700 and 800 can be modified to comprise multi-stage arrangements (e.g., in accordance with one or more embodiments shown in FIGS. 4-6 ) to purify and/or collect multiple particle (e.g., colloid) size ranges.
  • the condenser array 100 described herein e.g., the condenser array 100 of FIG. 7 and/or 8
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a flow diagram of an example, non-limiting method 900 that can comprise separating one or more particles (e.g., colloids) from a fluid using a condenser array 100 .
  • particles e.g., colloids
  • the method 900 can comprise receiving a fluid at a microchannel 103 , 300 , 302 , 400 , 500 , 502 , 600 , 700 , 800 comprising one or more condenser arrays 100 .
  • the fluid can be received at the microchannel 103 , 300 , 302 , 400 , 500 , 502 , 600 , 700 , 800 via one or more inlets (e.g., an inlet side 306 ).
  • the fluid can be supplied to the microchannel 103 , 300 , 302 , 400 , 500 , 502 , 600 , 700 , 800 at a steady rate (e.g., via a pressure system).
  • the method 900 can comprise displacing, by the condenser array 100 , one or more particles (e.g., colloids) from the fluid in a direction lateral (e.g., a lateral displacement direction) to a side wall of the microchannel 103 , 300 , 302 , 400 , 500 , 502 , 600 , 700 , 800 .
  • the method 900 can comprise outputting (e.g., via an outlet such as side outlet 308 ) the one or more particles from the microchannel 103 , 300 , 302 , 400 , 500 , 502 , 600 , 700 , 800 at a rate greater than about 1.0 nL/hr.
  • the one or more particles can be outputted at 906 at a rate greater than or equal to 1.0 nL/hr and less than or equal to 60 mL/hr.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a flow diagram of an example, non-limiting method 1000 that can comprise purifying a sample fluid using a condenser array 100 .
  • Repetitive description of like elements employed in other embodiments described herein is omitted for sake of brevity.
  • the method 1000 can comprise receiving a sample fluid and a solvent fluid at a microchannel 103 , 300 , 302 , 400 , 500 , 502 , 600 , 700 , 800 comprising one or more condenser arrays 100 .
  • the sample fluid and/or the solvent fluid can be received at the microchannel 103 , 300 , 302 , 400 , 500 , 502 , 600 , 700 , 800 via one or more inlets (e.g., an inlet side 306 , sample inlet 702 , and/or solvent inlet 704 ).
  • the sample fluid and/or the solvent fluid can be supplied to the microchannel 103 , 300 , 302 , 400 , 500 , 502 , 600 , 700 , 800 at a steady rate (e.g., via a pressure system).
  • the method 1000 can comprise displacing, by the condenser array 100 , a sample from the sample fluid in a direction (e.g., a lateral displacement direction) lateral to a side wall of the microchannel 103 , 300 , 302 , 400 , 500 , 502 , 600 , 700 , 800 . Further, the sample can be displaced into the solvent fluid by the condenser array 100 .
  • a direction e.g., a lateral displacement direction
  • the method 900 can comprise outputting (e.g., via an outlet such as side outlet 308 , a contaminant outlet 706 , and/or a sample outlet 708 ) the one or more particles from the microchannel 103 , 300 , 302 , 400 , 500 , 502 , 600 , 700 , 800 at a rate greater than about 1.0 nL/hr.
  • the one or more particles can be outputted at 906 at a rate greater than or equal to 1.0 nL/hr and less than or equal to 60 mL/hr.

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CN201980008769.9A CN111615748B (zh) 2018-01-19 2019-01-14 微尺度和中尺度冷凝器装置
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