US20160199796A1 - Solution mixer, fluidic device, and solution mixing method - Google Patents

Solution mixer, fluidic device, and solution mixing method Download PDF

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Publication number
US20160199796A1
US20160199796A1 US15/078,840 US201615078840A US2016199796A1 US 20160199796 A1 US20160199796 A1 US 20160199796A1 US 201615078840 A US201615078840 A US 201615078840A US 2016199796 A1 US2016199796 A1 US 2016199796A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
flow path
solution
main flow
valves
main
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Abandoned
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US15/078,840
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English (en)
Inventor
Takanori Ichiki
Taro Ueno
Shoichi Tsuchiya
Masashi Kobayashi
Kenji Miyamoto
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Nikon Corp
University of Tokyo NUC
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Nikon Corp
University of Tokyo NUC
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Assigned to NIKON CORPORATION, THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO reassignment NIKON CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ICHIKI, TAKANORI, KOBAYASHI, MASASHI, MIYAMOTO, KENJI, TSUCHIYA, SHOICHI, UENO, TARO
Publication of US20160199796A1 publication Critical patent/US20160199796A1/en
Priority to US16/216,299 priority Critical patent/US11642636B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B01F5/108—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/50—Circulation mixers, e.g. wherein at least part of the mixture is discharged from and reintroduced into a receptacle
    • B01F25/54—Circulation mixers, e.g. wherein at least part of the mixture is discharged from and reintroduced into a receptacle provided with a pump inside the receptacle to recirculate the material within the receptacle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/50—Circulation mixers, e.g. wherein at least part of the mixture is discharged from and reintroduced into a receptacle
    • B01F25/51—Circulation mixers, e.g. wherein at least part of the mixture is discharged from and reintroduced into a receptacle in which the mixture is circulated through a set of tubes, e.g. with gradual introduction of a component into the circulating flow
    • B01F15/0292—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/45—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying using flow mixing
    • B01F23/451—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying using flow mixing by injecting one liquid into another
    • B01F3/0865—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/30—Micromixers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/75—Discharge mechanisms
    • B01F35/754—Discharge mechanisms characterised by the means for discharging the components from the mixer
    • B01F35/7547—Discharge mechanisms characterised by the means for discharging the components from the mixer using valves, gates, orifices or openings
    • B01F5/102—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0861—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
    • B01L2300/0867—Multiple inlets and one sample wells, e.g. mixing, dilution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/38—Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples
    • G01N2001/386—Other diluting or mixing processes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/00029—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor provided with flat sample substrates, e.g. slides
    • G01N2035/00099—Characterised by type of test elements
    • G01N2035/00158—Elements containing microarrays, i.e. "biochip"

Definitions

  • the .txt file contains a sequence listing entitled “OSP62359SequenceListing_v2.txt” created on Mar. 22, 2016 and is 7667 bytes in size.
  • the sequence listing contained in this .txt file is part of the specification and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the present invention relates to a solution mixer, a fluidic device, and a solution mixing method.
  • ⁇ -TAS micro-total analysis systems
  • the ⁇ -TAS which is portable and is disposable at low costs, and therefore, the ⁇ -TAS is excellent compared to testing devices in the related art.
  • the ⁇ -TAS has attracted attention as a method with high usefulness.
  • a rotary mixer which includes a loop-like flow path and a pump, which is disposed on the flow path.
  • a plurality of solutions are injected into the loop-like flow path, and are mixed together in the loop-like flow path by operating the pump.
  • the plurality of solutions are loaded in an injection flow path which is connected to the loop-like flow path, and are then injected into the loop-like flow path.
  • Valves are provided on the injection flow path, and the volume of each of the solutions is quantitatively determined within the flow path.
  • a plurality of solutions to be mixed in a loop-like flow path are first loaded and quantitatively determined in an injection flow path, and are then injected into the loop-like flow path.
  • the present invention has been made in consideration of the above-described circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a solution mixer which can accurately and quantitatively determine the volume of each of the solutions to be mixed in the mixer, a fluidic device including the solution mixer, and a solution mixing method.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides the following (1) to (5).
  • a solution mixer in an embodiment of the present invention comprising:
  • solution discharge flow path has at least one solution discharge flow path valve
  • main flow path has at least one main flow path valve.
  • a fluidic device in an embodiment of the present invention comprising the above-described solution mixer.
  • the solution mixer includes a main flow path in which a solution circulates, a solution introduction flow path connected to the main flow path, and a solution discharge flow path connected to the main flow path, in which the solution discharge flow path has at least one solution discharge flow path valve, the main flow path has at least one main flow path valve, and the at least one main flow path valve is disposed in the vicinity of the solution discharge flow path, and
  • solution mixer includes
  • first flow path a first flow path
  • second flow path a second flow path
  • first and second connecting flow paths which respectively allow communication with the first flow path and the second flow path
  • first and second solution introduction flow paths which are respectively connected to the first and second flow paths
  • first and second solution discharge flow paths which are respectively connected to the first and second flow paths
  • first and second solution discharge flow path valves which are respectively disposed in the first and second solution discharge flow paths
  • first and second main flow path valves which are respectively disposed in the first and second connecting flow paths
  • a step B of circulating and mixing the first and second solutions by closing the first and second solution discharge flow path valves and opening the first and second main flow path valves.
  • solution mixer includes
  • each of the main flow paths including a first flow path, a second flow path, and first and second connecting flow paths which allow communication with the first flow path and the second flow path, and the two adjacent main flow paths sharing the first flow path or the second flow path,
  • each of the solution discharge flow paths has at least one solution discharge flow path valve
  • each of the connecting flow paths has at least one main flow path valve
  • each of the valves is disposed such that each partial region of the main flow paths which is defined by closing each of the valves has a predetermined volume
  • a step of circulating and mixing the first solution and the second solution by opening the main flow path valves such that the first flow path and the second flow path communicate with each other;
  • a step of closing the main flow path valves and the solution discharge flow path valves such that, in a main flow path next to the one main flow path, a first or second flow path, which is not shared with the one main flow path, is isolated from other flow paths, and introducing a third solution into the isolated first or second flow path, and
  • a step of circulating and mixing the third solution with a mixed solution of the first solution and the second solution by opening the main flow path valves such that the main flow path and the neighboring main flow path are allowed to communicate with each other.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an aspect of a solution mixer in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an aspect of a solution mixer in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an aspect of a solution mixer in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an aspect of a solution mixer in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an aspect of a solution mixer in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an aspect of a solution mixer in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an aspect of a solution mixer in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an aspect of a solution mixer in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an aspect of a fluidic device in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an aspect of the fluidic device in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view of an aspect of the fluidic device in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 12A is a schematic view of an aspect of a solution mixing method in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 12B is a schematic view of an aspect of the solution mixing method in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 12C is a schematic view of an aspect of the solution mixing method in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 12D is a schematic view of an aspect of the solution mixing method in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 12E is a schematic view of an aspect of the solution mixing method in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 13A is a schematic view of an aspect of a solution mixing method (step A) in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 13B is a schematic view of an aspect of a solution mixing method (step B) in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 14A is a schematic view of an aspect of a solution mixing method (steps C and D) in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 14B is a schematic view of an aspect of a solution mixing method (step E) in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 15A is a schematic view of an aspect of a solution mixing method (step F) in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 15B is a schematic view of an aspect of a solution mixing method (step G) in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 16A is a schematic view of an aspect of a solution mixing method (step H) in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 16B is a schematic view of an aspect of a solution mixing method (step I) in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 17 is a result of quantitative determination of an exosome which is immobilized to a BAM substrate in Example.
  • FIG. 18 is a result of quantitative determination of miRNA purified in Example.
  • FIG. 19 is a result of detection of miRNA using a fluidic device which has a detection unit including a substrate to which a probe complementary to miRNA is immobilized in Example.
  • FIG. 20 is an image showing a result of mixing solutions using a solution mixer in Example.
  • FIG. 21A is a result showing the detail of controlling a valve in a fluidic device in Example.
  • FIG. 21B is a result showing the detail of controlling a valve in the fluidic device in Example.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic view of an aspect of a substrate of the fluidic device in the present embodiment.
  • a solution mixer of the present embodiment includes: a main flow path in which a solution circulates; a solution introduction flow path connected to the main flow path; and a solution discharge flow path connected to the main flow path.
  • the solution discharge flow path has a solution discharge flow path valve for opening and closing the solution discharge flow path
  • the main flow path has a first main flow path valve for quantitatively compartmentalizing the main flow path
  • the first main flow path valve is disposed in the vicinity of the solution discharge flow path
  • the main flow path includes a second main flow path valve for quantitatively compartmentalizing the main flow path
  • the second main flow path valve is disposed in the vicinity of the solution introduction flow path.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a basic configuration of a solution mixer 20 of the present embodiment.
  • the solution mixer of the present embodiment includes: a main flow path 21 in which a solution circulates; a solution introduction flow path 42 connected to the main flow path; and a solution discharge flow path 32 connected to the main flow path.
  • a solution discharge flow path valve 33 for opening and closing the solution discharge flow path 32 is provided in the solution discharge flow path 32 .
  • a first main flow path valve 23 b for quantitatively compartmentalizing the main flow path 21 is provided in the main flow path 21 .
  • the first main flow path valve 23 b is disposed in the vicinity of the solution discharge flow path 32 .
  • the main flow path further includes a second main flow path valve 23 a for quantitatively compartmentalizing the main flow path 21 .
  • the second main flow path valve 23 a is disposed in the vicinity of the solution introduction flow path 42 .
  • the number of the solution introduction flow path 42 and the number of the solution discharge flow path 32 are not particularly limited.
  • the solution mixer 20 shown in FIG. 1 includes one solution introduction flow path 42 and one solution discharge flow path 32 .
  • the solution mixer 20 of the present embodiment has the main flow path valves 23 .
  • the main flow path 21 which is compartmentalized by putting the main flow path valves 23 into a closed state, becomes flow paths each of which has an independent volume.
  • the solution mixer 20 of the present embodiment has the main flow path 21 of which the volume within the flow path has already been determined. Therefore, it is possible to mix solutions in a state in which the volume of the solutions, with which the main flow path 21 compartmentalized by the main flow path valves 23 is filled, is accurately quantified. After the solutions are sent to the flow paths and the volume of the solutions is quantitatively determined, the compartmentalized flow paths communicate with each other by opening the main flow path valves 23 , and therefore, it becomes possible to mix the solutions.
  • the main flow path 21 can be used in mixing solutions as well as in quantitatively determining solutions, it is possible to simultaneously perform injection of solutions into mixer and quantitative determination of solutions, and therefore, it is possible to promote efficiency of an operation.
  • a solution mixer of the present embodiment further has solution introduction flow path valves for opening and closing the solution introduction flow paths, in the configuration of the solution mixer of the above first embodiment.
  • the solution mixer of the present embodiment includes: a first introduction flow path through which a first solution is introduced; and a second introduction flow path through which a second solution is introduced, as the solution introduction flow path.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a basic configuration of a solution mixer 30 of the present embodiment.
  • the solution mixer 30 further has solution introduction flow path valves 43 for opening and closing the solution introduction flow paths 42 .
  • the solution mixer includes: a first introduction flow path 42 a through which the first solution is introduced, and a second introduction flow path 42 b through which the second solution is introduced, as the solution introduction flow paths.
  • the main flow path 21 can be completely compartmentalized by the solution introduction flow path valves 43 and a solution discharge valve 33 . Accordingly, in a case where the solution introduction flow path valves 43 and the solution discharge flow path valve 33 are closed and the main flow path valves 23 are open, mixing of solutions is more efficiently realized within the main flow path 21 which is closed by the solution introduction flow path valves 43 and the solution discharge flow path valve 33 .
  • the second main flow path valve 23 a is disposed between the first introduction flow path 42 a , and the second introduction flow path 42 b through which the second solution is introduced, as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the configuration of a solution mixer 30 ′ of the present embodiment is shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the solution mixer 30 ′ of the present embodiment includes: a first discharge flow path 32 a through which a first solution is discharged; and a second discharge flow path 32 b through which a second solution is discharged, as the solution discharge flow paths 32 , in the configuration of the solution mixer 30 of the above second embodiment.
  • the first main flow path valve 23 b is disposed between the first discharge flow path 32 a through which a first solution is discharged and the second discharge flow path 32 b through which a second solution is discharged.
  • the solution mixer 30 ′ of the present embodiment having such a configuration can individually control the discharge of air or the like in the main flow path, filling of the solutions, and the like with respect to each of the first solution and the second solution which are introduced into the main flow path 21 which is compartmentalized by the main flow path valves 23 , through an operation of opening and closing the solution discharge flow path valve 33 a or 33 b.
  • a solution mixer of the present embodiment includes: a third main flow path valve for quantitatively compartmentalizing the main flow path.
  • the third main flow path valve is in the vicinity of the solution discharge flow path which is connected between the first main flow path valve and the third main flow path valve.
  • the view schematically showing the solution mixer of the present embodiment is shown in FIG. 4 .
  • a solution mixer 40 of the present embodiment includes: a third main flow path valve 23 b ′ for quantitatively compartmentalizing the main flow path 21 .
  • the third main flow path valve 23 b ′ is in the vicinity of the solution discharge flow path 32 which is connected between the first main flow path valve 23 b and the third main flow path valve 23 b ′.
  • the solution mixer 40 of the present embodiment having such a configuration can individually control the discharge of air or the like in the main flow path, filling of the solutions, and the like with respect to the solutions within the main flow path 21 which is compartmentalized by the main flow path valves 23 .
  • the main flow path 21 when the main flow path 21 is in a state of being filled with solutions, it is possible to discharge a solution in a flow path which is compartmentalized by the main flow path valves 23 a and 23 b ′, out of the solutions with which the main flow path 21 is filled, through the solution discharge flow path 32 by closing the first main flow path valve 23 b and the second main flow path valve 23 a and opening the third main flow path valve 23 b ′ and the solution discharge valve 33 .
  • the main flow path includes a first flow path, a second flow path, and a connecting flow path which allows communication between the first flow path and the second flow path.
  • the connecting flow path has the first main flow path valve.
  • the main flow path 21 includes a first flow path 21 a , a second flow path 21 b , and connecting flow paths 22 which allows communication between the first flow path 21 a and the second flow path 21 b .
  • the connecting flow paths 22 have the first main flow path valve 23 b .
  • the solution mixer 50 of the present embodiment includes the second main flow path valve 23 a and the third main flow path valve 23 b ′ as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • a solution mixer of the present embodiment further includes a pump in the solution mixer 50 of the fifth embodiment which has been described above.
  • the pump is a pump valve which can send a solution in accordance with opening and closing of the valve.
  • FIG. 6 is a view schematically showing the solution mixer of the present embodiment.
  • a solution mixer 60 includes pump valves 24 , and the pump is constituted of three pump valves 24 .
  • the number of pump valves 24 may be greater than or equal to four.
  • the main flow path valves 23 may be used as the pump valves.
  • a solution mixer of the present embodiment includes a detection unit of a mixed solution of the first solution and the second solution.
  • FIG. 7 is a view of schematically showing the solution mixer of the present embodiment.
  • a solution mixer 70 further includes: a detection unit 4 c in the solution mixer 50 of the fifth embodiment which has been described above.
  • the detection unit 4 c increases the opportunity of contact with a molecule contained in a solution by circulatory mixing the solution within the main flow path 21 of the solution mixer 70 .
  • the detection unit 4 c included in the fluidic device of the present embodiment includes a substrate to which a substance having affinity to the molecule (biomolecule) is immobilized.
  • the detection unit 4 c includes a substrate 136 to which a probe complementary to a target nucleic acid is immobilized.
  • the detection unit includes substrate 136 to which a probe complementary to target miRNA is immobilized (refer to FIG. 22 ).
  • the substrate 136 is a protein array. Examples of the substrate to which a probe complementary to target miRNA is immobilized include a DNA chip which is known in the related art.
  • the detection unit 4 c includes the following configuration from the viewpoint of specifically detecting target miRNA with high sensitivity.
  • the detection unit 4 c includes a substrate to which a capture probe 134 including a sequence which can be hybridized with the first section 131 is immobilized.
  • a detection probe 135 includes: two stem sections 135 c and 135 d forming a double stranded structure; a loop section 135 e which is a region between the two stem sections 135 c and 135 d and is labeled using a labeling substance 135 a ; and a sequence 135 b that can be hybridized with the second section 132 in a case where the target miRNA 133 includes the first section 131 and the second section 132 , and the detection probe has a 5′-protruding end or a 3′-protruding end.
  • the capture probe 134 and the detection probe 135 can respectively be hybridized with the first section 131 and the second section 132 of the miRNA 133 .
  • the length of the first section 131 and the length of the second section 132 are preferably 5 bases to 17 bases, and more preferably 7 bases to 15 bases from the viewpoint of the number of bases in which miRNA formed of about 22 bases is divided into two.
  • the section on the 5′ side of the miRNA 133 is regarded as the first section 131 and the section on the 3′ side of the miRNA 133 is regarded as the second section 132 .
  • target miRNA target nucleic acid
  • stringent conditions include conditions disclosed in Molecular Cloning-A Laboratory Manual, Third Edition (Sambrook et al., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press).
  • the capture probe 134 includes a sequence which can be hybridized with the first section 131 of the miRNA 133 in a 5′-end region.
  • the capture probe 134 does not include a sequence complementary to the second section 132 of the miRNA 133 so as not to be hybridized with the second section 132 of the miRNA 133 from the viewpoint of quantitatively determining the miRNA 133 with high accuracy.
  • the capture probe 134 has a spacer 134 a , which is bound to the substrate 136 , at the 3′-end.
  • the length of the spacer 134 a is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 bases to 50 bases and more preferably 5 bases to 25 bases.
  • a base to be used for the spacer can be replaced with a linker such as PEG which has the same length and the same flexibility as that of the base. In that case, the number of bases to be used for the spacer 134 a may be 0.
  • the length of the capture probe 134 is not particularly limited as long as the length is a length required for functioning as a probe, but is preferably 3 bases to 50 bases and more preferably 5 bases to 40 bases in consideration of the number of bases of the first section 131 and the spacer 134 a.
  • the capture probe 134 may be DNA or RNA.
  • the capture probe is not limited to be a natural one or a non-natural one as long as the probe has the same function as that of DNA or RNA and may be one containing an artificial nucleic acid such as a peptide nucleic acid (PNA), a locked nucleic acid (LNA), and a bridged nucleic acid (BNA). It is preferable that the capture probe 134 contains an LNA or a BNA from the viewpoint of higher affinity to the target miRNA 133 , being more hardly recognized by DNase or RNase, and being more capable of becoming a substrate of DNA ligase such as T4 DNA ligase, compared to DNA or RNA.
  • PNA peptide nucleic acid
  • LNA locked nucleic acid
  • BNA bridged nucleic acid
  • Examples of the substrate 136 used for immobilizing the capture probe 134 include a glass substrate, a silicon substrate, a plastic substrate, and a metal substrate.
  • Examples of the method of immobilizing the capture probe 134 on the substrate 136 include a method of immobilizing a probe on a substrate at high density using a photolithographic technology or a method of immobilizing a probe on a glass substrate or the like through spotting.
  • the detection probe 135 includes the sequence 135 b which can be hybridized with the second section 132 of the miRNA 133 in a 3′-end region.
  • the detection probe 135 does not contain a sequence complementary to the first section 131 of the miRNA 133 so as not to be hybridized with the first section 131 of the miRNA 133 , from the viewpoint of quantitatively determining the miRNA 133 with high accuracy.
  • the detection probe 135 forms a stem loop structure.
  • the stem loop structure refers to, when there are complementary sequences at two regions which are distant from each other within a single strand nucleic acid molecule, formation of a double stranded structure (stem structure) through an interaction between base pairs of nucleic acids and formation of a loop structure by a sequence which is between the two regions.
  • the stem loop structure is also called a hairpin loop.
  • the detection probe 135 is constituted of: the two stem sections 135 c and 135 d forming a double stranded structure; the loop section 135 e which is a region between the two stem sections 135 c and 135 d ; and the sequence 135 b that can be hybridized with the second section 132 , from the 5′-end side. That is, the detection probe 135 has a 3′ protruding end.
  • the detection probe has a protruding end, and whether the protruding end included in the detection probe is the 5′-protruding end or the 3′-protruding end depends on whether the capture probe and the substrate bind to each other through the 5′-end of the capture probe or through the 3′-end of the capture probe.
  • the length of a stem section in the detection probe 135 is determined by a balance with the length of a loop section.
  • the length thereof is not particularly limited as long as the length thereof is a length in which the detection probe 135 can stably form a stem loop structure, and is preferably 3 bases to 50 bases and more preferably 5 bases to 20 bases.
  • the length of a loop section in the detection probe 135 is determined by a balance with the length of a stem section.
  • the length thereof is not particularly limited as long as the length thereof is a length in which the detection probe 135 can stably form a stem loop structure, and is preferably 3 bases to 200 bases and more preferably 5 bases to 100 bases.
  • the length of the detection probe 135 is not particularly limited as long as the length thereof is a length in which it is possible to form a stem loop structure and which is required for functioning as a probe, and is preferably 14 bases to 200 bases and more preferably 24 bases to 150 bases in consideration of the number of bases of the second section 132 and the number of bases required for forming a stem loop structure.
  • the detection probe 135 may be DNA or RNA.
  • the capture probe is not limited to be a natural one or a non-natural one as long as the probe has the same function as that of DNA or RNA and may be one containing an artificial nucleic acid such as a peptide nucleic acid (PNA), a locked nucleic acid (LNA), and a bridged nucleic acid (BNA). It is preferable that the detection probe 135 contains an LNA or a BNA from the viewpoint of higher affinity to the target miRNA, being more hardly recognized by DNase or RNase, and being more capable of becoming a substrate of DNA ligase such as T4 DNA ligase, compared to DNA or RNA.
  • PNA peptide nucleic acid
  • LNA locked nucleic acid
  • BNA bridged nucleic acid
  • At least any one of the capture probe 134 and the detection probe 135 contains an LNA or a BNA and it is more preferable that both of the capture probe 134 and the detection probe 135 contain an LNA or a BNA.
  • the detection probe 135 is labeled by the labeling substance 135 a .
  • the labeling substance include fluorescent pigments, fluorescent beads, quantum dots, biotin, antibodies, antigens, energy absorption materials, radioisotopes, chemiluminescent bodies, and enzymes.
  • fluorescent pigments examples include carboxyfluorescein (FAM), 6-carboxy-4′,5′-dichloro-2′, 7′-dimethoxy fluorescein (JOE), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), tetrachloro fluorescein (TET), 5′-hexachloro-fluorescein-CE phosphoroamidite (HEX), Cy3, Cy5, Alexa 568, and Alexa 647.
  • FAM carboxyfluorescein
  • JE fluorescein isothiocyanate
  • TET tetrachloro fluorescein
  • HEX 5′-hexachloro-fluorescein-CE phosphoroamidite
  • RNA In the total RNA, there is only a minute amount of miRNA, and therefore, it is difficult to label the miRNA at high efficiency without fractionating the miRNA.
  • a detection probe which has been previously labeled is used, and therefore, it is possible to detect the miRNA with high sensitivity.
  • solutions which are brought into contact with a detection unit are accurately and quantitatively determined, and therefore, it is possible to realize accurate analysis.
  • the main flow path includes an agitating structure.
  • the agitating structure include a structure having a curvature.
  • the flow velocity near the wall surface becomes slow by the interaction (friction) between solutions and the wall surface of the flow path within the flow path and the flow velocity in the center of the flow path becomes fast.
  • the inner diameter of the flow path include 0.01 mm to 3 mm or 0.5 mm to 1 mm.
  • FIG. 8 is a view schematically showing a solution mixer 80 of the present embodiment.
  • the main flow path includes a folded structure 31 .
  • the “folded structure” refers to a structure in which a flow path turns about 180 degrees to the direction perpendicular to the major axis direction of the flow path which becomes a reference line.
  • the number of times of the folding can be counted by the number of times of the change in the direction in which the flow path extends, and the number of times of the folding in the folded structure 31 shown in FIG. 8 is eight.
  • the difference in the above-described flow velocity is repeatedly caused, and therefore, the mixing of solutions is further promoted.
  • the fluidic device of the present embodiment includes the solution mixer which has been described above.
  • the fluidic device of the present embodiment is a device which detects a biomolecule contained in an exosome in a sample.
  • the exosome is a small lipid vesicle having a diameter of 30 nm to 100 nm, and is secreted as a fused body of an endosome and a cell membrane in a body fluid such as blood, urine, or saliva from various cells such as a tumor cell, a dendritic cell, a T cell, or a B cell.
  • Abnormal cells such as cancer cells express a specific protein, a specific nucleic acid, microRNA, or the like in the inside of a cell membrane.
  • An exosome secreted in a body fluid also expresses a microRNA derived from a cell as a secretion source.
  • the biopsy examination refers to a clinical examination in which diagnosis or the like of a disease is examined by observing a lesion site using a microscope after collecting a tissue of the lesion site.
  • a fluidic device 1 of the present embodiment includes: an exosome purification unit 2 which has a layer modified with a compound having a hydrophobic chain and a hydrophilic chain; a biomolecule purification unit 3 ; a solution mixer 4 ; a detection unit 4 c ; a first flow path 5 which connects the exosome purification unit 2 to the biomolecule purification unit 3 ; and a second flow path 6 which connects the biomolecule purification unit 3 to the solution mixer 4 .
  • a micro flow path device (fluidic device 1 ) of the present embodiment includes a first waste liquid tank 7 , a second waste liquid tank 8 , and a third waste liquid tank 9 , and preferably includes: a third flow path 10 which connects the first waste liquid tank 7 and the exosome purification unit 2 ; a fourth flow path 11 which connects the second waste liquid tank 8 to the biomolecule purification unit 3 ; and a fifth flow path 12 which connects the third waste liquid tank 9 to the solution mixer 4 .
  • a waste liquid from the exosome purification unit 2 is sent to the first waste liquid tank 7 through the third flow path 10 .
  • a waste liquid from the biomolecule purification unit 3 is sent to the second waste liquid tank 8 through the fourth flow path 11 .
  • a waste liquid from the solution mixer 4 is sent to the third waste liquid tank 9 through the fifth flow path 12 .
  • the exosome purification unit 2 includes an inlet, and an exosome immobilization unit 2 d which has the layer modified with the compound having a hydrophobic chain and a hydrophilic chain. It is preferable that the exosome purification unit 2 includes an inlet for each reagent to be introduced, as shown in FIG. 11 . That is, it is preferable that the exosome purification unit 2 preferably includes a sample introduction inlet 2 b and a lysis buffer introduction inlet 2 c , and it is more preferable that the exosome purification unit further includes a washing liquid introduction inlet 2 a.
  • the compound which has a hydrophobic chain and a hydrophilic chain in the exosome immobilization unit 2 d is a compound having a hydrophobic chain in order to be bound to a lipid bilayer membrane, and a hydrophilic chain in order to make dissolve this lipid chain soluble.
  • the expression “immobilization of an exosome on the exosome immobilization unit 2 d ” means adsorption of an exosome onto the exosome immobilization unit.
  • the hydrophobic chain may be a single chain or a multiple chain, and examples thereof include a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent group.
  • a C6-C24 straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group or alkenyl group is preferable, and examples thereof include a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, an undecyl group, a dodecyl, a tridecyl group, a tetradecyl group, a pentadecyl group, a hexadecyl group, a heptadecyl group, a stearyl group (octadecyl group), a nonadecyl group, an icosyl group, a heneicosyl group, a docosyl group, a tricosyl group, a tetracosyl group, a myristoleyl group, a palmitoleyl group, an oleyl group, a lin
  • a myristoleyl group, a palmitoleyl group, an oleyl group, a linoyl group, and a linoleyl group are preferable, and an oleyl group is more preferable.
  • hydrophilic chain examples include proteins, oligopeptides, polypeptides, polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and dextran, and PEG is preferable.
  • the hydrophilic chain is preferably modified chemically for binding to a substrate, more preferably has an active ester group, and particularly preferably has an N-hydroxysuccinimide group.
  • a lipid-PEG derivative is preferable as the compound having a hydrophobic chain and a hydrophilic chain.
  • the lipid-PEG derivative is called a biocompatible anchor for membrane (BAM).
  • BAM biocompatible anchor for membrane
  • Examples of the BAM include a compound represented by the following Formula (1).
  • n represents an integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • Examples of the substrate used as a layer of the exosome immobilization unit 2 d include a glass substrate, a silicon substrate, a polymer substrate, and a metal substrate.
  • the substrate may bind to the compound having a hydrophobic chain and a hydrophilic chain through a substance that binds to the hydrophilic chain of the compound.
  • Examples of the substance include a substance having an amino group, a carboxyl group, a thiol group, a hydroxyl group, or an aldehyde group, and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is preferable.
  • Driving of a liquid in the fluidic device 1 of the present embodiment is performed by an external suction pump, and the flow of the liquid is controlled by opening and closing a pneumatic valve.
  • the opening and closing of a valve is driven and controlled by an external pneumatic device which is connected to the fluidic device 1 .
  • a sample is first injected into the sample introduction inlet 2 b in the above-described exosome purification unit, and the sample is introduced into the exosome immobilization unit 2 d through suctioning, after opening a valve 2 f of a flow path 2 i.
  • the amount of the sample used in the analysis is preferably about 1 mL.
  • the sample is not particularly limited as long as the sample can be obtained from an environment surrounding a cell to be detected and contains an exosome secreted by the cell, and examples thereof include blood, urine, breast milk, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, amniotic fluid, a malignant effusion, or saliva.
  • blood or urine from which it is easy to detect an exosome is preferable.
  • blood plasma is preferable in view of ease of detection of an exosome.
  • the sample also includes a cell culture solution which contains an exosome secreted by a culture cell.
  • Examples of the cell to be detected include a cancer cell, a mast cell, a dendritic cell, a reticulocyte, an epithelial cell, a B cell, and a neuron, which are known to produce an exosome.
  • the sample may be prepared through ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, continuous flow electrophoresis, filtration using a size filter, gel filtration chromatography, or the like.
  • the affinity between an exosome and a compound having a hydrophobic chain and a hydrophilic chain in the exosome immobilization unit 2 d is significantly high, and therefore, the sample may be a sample itself which has not been prepared.
  • a non-specific adsorption suppression unit to the exosome immobilization unit 2 d from the viewpoint of specifically binding an exosome to the exosome immobilization unit 2 d .
  • the method thereof include a method of modifying a substrate with a compound having a hydrophobic chain and a hydrophilic chain, and then, treating a site which is not modified with the compound having a hydrophobic chain and a hydrophilic chain, with a compound having a hydrophilic chain such as PEG.
  • exosome in a sample which has been introduced into the exosome immobilization unit 2 d is captured by the above-described compound having a hydrophobic chain and a hydrophilic chain.
  • the affinity between the exosome and the compound having a hydrophobic chain and a hydrophilic chain is significantly high. Therefore, exosomes in samples are captured on the exosome immobilization unit 2 d at the same time when the samples continuously pass through the top of the exosome immobilization unit 2 d without allowing the samples to stand in the exosome immobilization unit 2 d.
  • the suction pressure during the capturing of an exosome is 1 kPa to 30 kPa and the time required for the capturing is about 15 seconds.
  • a waste liquid which has been passed through the exosome immobilization unit 2 d is sent to the first waste liquid tank 7 after passing through the third flow path 10 via the valve 10 a.
  • the ceiling height of the exosome immobilization unit 2 d it is preferable to design the ceiling height of the exosome immobilization unit 2 d to be low. By way of this, the opportunity of contact between an exosome and a compound having a hydrophobic chain and a hydrophilic chain is increased, and therefore, it is possible to improve the capturing efficiency of an exosome.
  • extracellular vesicles such as microvesicles or apoptotic bodies are contained in addition to the exosome, and there is a possibility that these extracellular vesicles will be immobilized to the exosome immobilization unit 2 d . From the viewpoint of removing these extracellular vesicles from the exosome immobilization unit 2 d , it is preferable to wash an exosome on the exosome immobilization unit 2 d.
  • a washing liquid is injected into the washing liquid introduction inlet 2 a after opening the valve 2 e on the flow path 2 h , and is introduced into the exosome immobilization unit 2 d.
  • the binding of the exosome to the layer modified with the compound having a hydrophilic chain and a hydrophobic chain is strong. Therefore, it is possible to adjust the flow velocity to be fast and to perform washing in a short period of time. For example, washing is performed by sending 500 ⁇ L of a PBS washing liquid for about 15 seconds at a suction pressure of 1 kPa to 30 kPa. A waste liquid which has been passed through the exosome immobilization unit 2 d is sent to the first waste liquid tank 7 after passing through the third flow path 10 via the valve 10 a.
  • a lysis buffer is injected into the lysis buffer introduction inlet 2 c and is introduced into the exosome immobilization unit 2 d through suctioning, after opening a valve 2 g on a flow path 2 j .
  • the lysis buffer include a known liquid in the related art which is used in lysing a cell.
  • the exosome which has been captured on the exosome immobilization unit 2 d is lysed by the lysis buffer passing through the exosome immobilization unit 2 d , and a biomolecule contained in the exosome is released.
  • the suction pressure during the lysing of an exosome is 1 kPa to 30 kPa and the time required for the lysing is about 30 seconds.
  • a waste liquid which has been passed through the exosome immobilization unit 2 d is sent to the first waste liquid tank 7 after passing through the third flow path 10 via the valve 10 a .
  • the biomolecule which has been released from the exosome is sent to the biomolecule purification unit 3 after passing through the first flow path 5 via a valve 5 a.
  • the biomolecule purification unit 3 preferably includes a biomolecule recovery liquid introduction inlet 3 b and a biomolecule immobilization unit 3 c , and more preferably further includes a biomolecule washing liquid introduction inlet 3 a.
  • the biomolecule immobilization unit 3 c is not particularly limited as long as the biomolecule immobilization unit can fix a biomolecule, and examples thereof include a silica membrane which fixes a nucleic acid.
  • An exosome holds a protein or a nucleic acid which is derived from a cell as a secretion source.
  • the nucleic acid include miRNA.
  • miRNA which is non-code RNA with a short chain suppresses gene expression within a living body, and the relationship between abnormal expression of miRNA and various diseases including cancer is becoming clear.
  • a biomolecule which is immobilized by the biomolecule immobilization unit 3 c is miRNA.
  • the biomolecule immobilization unit 3 c include a silica membrane embedded on the flow path, as described above.
  • a biomolecule is captured on the biomolecule immobilization unit 3 c by an exosome lysis buffer passing through the biomolecule immobilization unit 3 c.
  • the suction pressure during the sending an exosome lysis buffer is 50 kPa to 70 kPa and the time required for the sending is about 1 minute.
  • a waste liquid which has been passed through the biomolecule immobilization unit 3 c is sent to the second waste liquid tank 8 after passing through the fourth flow path 11 via a valve 11 a.
  • a valve 3 d on a flow path 3 e is opened, a washing liquid is injected into the biomolecule washing liquid introduction inlet 3 a , and a washing liquid is introduced into the biomolecule immobilization unit 3 c through suctioning.
  • the washing liquid include ethanol at about 70% to 80%.
  • the amount of washing liquid to be used during washing is about 1 mL
  • the suction pressure is 50 kPa to 70 kPa
  • the time required for sending a washing liquid is about 1 minute.
  • a waste liquid which has been passed through the biomolecule immobilization unit 3 c is sent to the second waste liquid tank 8 after passing through the fourth flow path 11 via the valve 11 a .
  • the biomolecule which has been released from the exosome is sent to the biomolecule purification unit 3 after passing through the first flow path 5 via the valve 5 a.
  • biomolecule washing liquid In order to prevent the biomolecule washing liquid from being brought into the solution mixer, it is preferable to dry the biomolecule immobilization unit 3 c after washing the biomolecule immobilization unit 3 c.
  • drying of the biomolecule immobilization unit is performed by suctioning air from the biomolecule washing liquid introduction inlet 3 a and passing the air through the biomolecule immobilization unit 3 c.
  • the suction pressure during the drying of the biomolecule immobilization unit 3 c is 50 kPa to 70 kPa and the time required for drying is about 2 minutes.
  • the biomolecule which has been immobilized on the biomolecule immobilization unit 3 c is eluted.
  • the biomolecule recovery liquid is injected into the biomolecule recovery liquid introduction inlet 3 b after opening a valve 3 f of a flow path 3 g , and is introduced into the biomolecule immobilization unit 3 c.
  • the biomolecule is recovered from the biomolecule immobilization unit 3 c .
  • the recovery liquid is recovered for 30 seconds at a suction pressure of 50 kPa to 70 kPa.
  • the biomolecule is sent to the solution mixer 4 through the second flow path 6 .
  • the suction pressure of the biomolecule into the solution mixer 4 is less than or equal to 6 kPa, and the biomolecule is sent to the solution mixer for about 30 seconds.
  • the sending of the biomolecule to the solution mixer 4 is preferably performed after closing valves 4 g and 4 h in FIG. 11 .
  • the solution containing the biomolecule is quantitatively determined within the flow path of the solution mixer.
  • a flow path 6 is connected between the valves 4 e and 4 g .
  • the flow path 12 as a solution discharge flow path may be set so as to be connected between the main flow path valve 23 b and the main flow path valve 23 b ′ as shown in the fifth to seventh embodiments in “Solution Mixer” which have been described above.
  • a detection probe dissolved liquid is injected into a detection probe introduction inlet 4 a after opening a valve 4 d , and is sent to the solution mixer 4 .
  • Transfer of the detection probe dissolved liquid to the solution mixer 4 is performed after closing the valves 4 g and 4 h in FIG. 11 .
  • the position of a flow path for discharge may be set as shown in the fifth to seventh embodiments in ⁇ Solution Mixer>> which have been described above.
  • the composition of the detection probe dissolved liquid is a 100 nM to 200 nM detection probe, 100 mM to 200 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 200 mM to 400 mM NaCl, 10 mM to 30 mM MgCl 2 , 0.5 mg/mL to 2 mg/mL BSA, 10 mM to 30 mM DTT, and 5 units/ ⁇ L to 20 units/ ⁇ L T4 DNA Ligase.
  • the detection probe dissolved liquid is sent to the solution mixer for about 30 seconds at a suction pressure of less than or equal to 6 kPa.
  • the biomolecule and the detection probe dissolved liquid are circulated within the solution mixer after closing valves 4 d , 4 e , 4 f , and 12 a and opening the valves 4 g and 4 h , and are mixed with each other.
  • the opening and closing of a pump valve which is not shown in the drawing is continuously performed for about 10 minutes.
  • a complex (miRNA 133 -detection probe 135 -capture probe 134 complex) is efficiently formed on a substrate within a short period of time through the circulation of the liquid (refer to FIG. 22 ).
  • the pump for circulating a solution is constituted of at least three pump valves including the valves 4 g and 4 h which are disposed within the flow path of the solution mixer.
  • these three pump valves include one valve 4 g and two valves 4 h .
  • these three pump valves include two valves 4 g and one valve 4 h .
  • the pump valves include the valve 4 g , the valve 4 h , and a valve which is not shown in the drawing.
  • the solution mixer 4 further includes a washing liquid introduction inlet 4 b as shown in FIG. 11 .
  • a washing liquid is injected into the washing liquid introduction inlet 4 b after opening the valve 4 e , and is introduced into the substrate.
  • the washing liquid is a 0.2 ⁇ SSC buffer of which the amount used is 500 ⁇ L.
  • the washing is performed by sending the washing liquid to the substrate for 1 minute at a suction pressure of less than or equal to 6 kPa. It is preferable that the washing liquid is circulated within the solution mixer. The washing of the base is efficiently performed within a short period of time through the circulation of the washing liquid.
  • a waste liquid which has been passed through the substrate is sent to the third waste liquid tank 9 after passing through the fifth flow path 12 via the valve 12 a.
  • the intensity of a labeling substance of the complex which has been formed on the substrate is measured.
  • the intensity of a labeling substance reflects the amount of biomolecule existing. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to quantitatively determine the amount of biomolecule contained in a sample.
  • the measurement of the intensity of a labeling substance is performed by, for example, a microscope, a light source, or a control unit such as a personal computer, which is not shown in the drawing.
  • a solution mixing method of the present embodiment which uses the solution mixer that has been described above includes: a step of sending a first solution from a solution introduction flow path; a step of closing a main flow path valve so as to the first solution being quantitatively delivered by quantitatively compartmentalizing the main flow path; a step of sending a second solution from the solution introduction flow path; a step of closing a solution discharge valve; a step of obtaining a third solution by subjecting the first solution and the second solution to rotary mixing; a step of detecting the third solution; and a step of washing a main flow path by sending a washing liquid to the main flow path after the step of the detecting of the third solution.
  • a mixer 20 ′ shown in FIG. 12 further includes a detection unit 4 c , which is included in the solution mixer 70 of the seventh embodiment in ⁇ Solution Mixer>> that has been described above, in the solution mixer 20 of the first embodiment in ⁇ Solution Mixer>> that has been described above.
  • a first solution 91 is sent from a solution introduction flow path (refer to FIG. 12B ) while the main flow path valves 23 and the discharge flow path valve 33 of the solution mixer 20 ′ are open (refer to FIG. 12A ).
  • the main flow path valves 23 are closed so as to quantitatively divide the first solution by quantitatively compartmentalizing the main flow path 21 (refer to FIG. 12C ).
  • a second solution 92 is sent from the solution introduction flow path 42 (refer to FIG. 12D ).
  • a third solution 93 is obtained by circulatory mixing the first solution 91 with the second solution 92 by closing the solution discharge valve 33 and opening the main flow path valves 23 (refer to FIG. 12E ).
  • a washing liquid is sent to the main flow path 21 from the solution introduction flow path 42 to wash the main flow path. The washing is efficiently achieved by circulatory mixing the washing liquid through the same method as that described above.
  • a solution mixing method of the present embodiment which uses the solution mixer that has been described above includes: a step A of selecting two adjacent flow paths (main flow paths) out of a plurality of flow paths (main flow paths) included in the main flow path; a step B of closing valves which are adjacent to the flow paths (main flow paths) such that the two flow paths (main flow paths) and the connecting flow path which is adjacent to the two flow paths (main flow paths) are quantitatively compartmentalized; a step C of sending the first solution to the first flow path (main flow path) out of the two flow paths (main flow paths); a step D of sending the second solution to the second flow path (main flow path) out of the two flow paths (main flow paths); and a step E of obtaining a third solution by circulatory mixing the first solution with the second solution after opening the main flow path valves for opening and closing the connecting flow path which allows communication between the two flow paths (main flow paths).
  • the solution mixing method thereof further includes: a step F of selecting a third flow path (main flow path) which is adjacent to the two flow paths (main flow paths) after the step E; a step G of closing valves which are adjacent to the third flow path (main flow path) such that the third flow path (main flow path) and the connecting flow path which is adjacent to the third flow path (main flow path) are quantitatively compartmentalized; a step H of sending a fourth solution to the third flow path (main flow path); and a step I of obtaining a fifth solution by circulatory mixing the third solution with the fourth solution after opening the main flow path valves for opening and closing the connecting flow path which allows communication between the three flow paths (main flow paths).
  • FIGS. 13 to 16 are modification examples of the solution mixer 30 ′ which is shown in the third embodiment and the solution mixer 50 which is shown in the fifth embodiment in the above-described solution mixers.
  • the number of flow paths which communicates with each other using the connecting flow path included in the solution mixer is two.
  • the solution mixer 50 ′ in FIGS. 13 to 16 includes four parallel flow paths 21 a , 21 b , 21 c , and 21 d as main flow paths.
  • Each of the flow paths includes each solution introduction flow path 42 , solution introduction flow path valves 43 a , 43 b , 43 c , and 43 d , each solution discharge flow path 32 , and solution discharge flow path valves 33 a , 33 b , 33 c , and 33 d .
  • the solution mixer 50 ′ includes each connecting flow path 22 which allows communication between the flow paths, and main flow path valves 23 a , 23 b , 23 c , 23 d , 23 e , and 23 f which are arranged on the connecting flow path 22 .
  • FIGS. 13A and 13B may be referred to for the steps A and B
  • FIGS. 14A and 14B may be referred to for the steps C to E
  • FIGS. 15A and 15B may be referred to for the steps F
  • FIGS. 16A and 16B may be referred to for the steps H and I.
  • Step A First, two adjacent flow paths (main flow paths) 21 a and 21 b out of main flow paths 21 are selected.
  • Step B Main flow path valves 23 a , 23 b , 23 c , and 23 d and solution discharge flow path valves 33 a and 33 b which are adjacent to the flow paths (main flow paths) are closed such that the two flow paths (main flow paths) 21 a and 21 b and the connecting flow path 22 which is adjacent to the two flow paths (main flow paths) are quantitatively compartmentalized.
  • Steps C and D A first solution 91 and a second solution 92 are respectively sent to the first flow path (main flow path) 21 a and the second flow path (main flow path) 21 b.
  • Step E A third solution 93 is obtained by circulatory mixing the first solution 91 with the second solution 92 after opening the main flow path valves 23 a and 23 b for opening and closing the connecting flow path which allows communication between the flow path (main flow path) 21 a and the flow path (main flow path) 21 b.
  • Step F A third flow path (main flow path) 21 c which is adjacent to the two flow paths (main flow paths) 21 a and 21 b is selected.
  • Step G Main flow path valves 23 e and 23 f and a solution discharge flow path valve 33 c which are adjacent to the flow path (main flow path) 21 c are closed such that the flow path (main flow path) 21 c and the connecting flow path which is adjacent to the flow path (main flow path) 21 c are quantitatively compartmentalized.
  • Step H A fourth solution 94 is sent to the flow path (main flow path) 21 c.
  • Step I A fifth solution 95 is obtained by circulatory mixing the third solution with the fourth solution after opening the main flow path valves 23 a , 23 b , 23 c , and 23 d for opening and closing the connecting flow path which allows communication between these three flow paths (main flow paths) 21 a , 21 b , and 21 c.
  • the rotary mixing may be performed by similarly repeating the step F to the step I.
  • Example but is not limited to the following Example.
  • a glass surface was modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (hereinafter, also referred to as APTES) and a terminal of APTES was then modified with a PEG-lipid derivative, which captured an exosome to the terminal of APTES and was represented by the Formula (1), and methoxy PEG which suppresses non-specific adsorption.
  • APTES 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
  • a terminal of APTES was then modified with a PEG-lipid derivative, which captured an exosome to the terminal of APTES and was represented by the Formula (1), and methoxy PEG which suppresses non-specific adsorption.
  • a purification device was produced by subjecting polymethacrylstyrene to cutting processing. An exosome suspension, which was recovered through ultracentrifugation of a culture supernatant of a breast cancer cell strain MCF-7, and exosomes in human serum were immobilized to the inside of the device. Then,
  • AFM images and the immobilization density of exosomes which have been immobilized to the inside of the device are shown in FIG. 17 .
  • particles having diameters of 30 nm to 200 nm were immobilized thereto, from the AFM images.
  • the immobilization density was exponentially decreased with respect to the distance from the immobilization layer.
  • the immobilized amount in a case where exosomes were directly immobilized from human serum was 74% of cases where purified exosomes were immobilized. Therefore, it was considered that the methoxy PEG contributed to the suppression of the non-specific adsorption.
  • a device in which a miniaturized silica membrane was immobilized to the inside of a flow path was produced to perform purification of miRNA.
  • miRNA was suspended in an exosome lysis buffer which was then passed through the silica membrane through a suction operation. Subsequently, washing and drying of the silica membrane were performed, and then, miRNA was recovered by introducing a miRNA elution liquid. The amount of miRNA recovered was obtained through quantitative real-time PCR.
  • miRNeasy Mini Kit of QIAGEN was used for the comparison with a general spin column method.
  • the recovery results of miRNA are shown in FIG. 18 .
  • shortening of required time and reduction of the amount of reagent used were achieved by reducing the size of the silica membrane.
  • RNA having a sequence of miR-141, miR-143, miR-1275, miR-107, miR-181a-2*, miR-484, miR-21, let-7a, let-7b, let-7d, let-7f, and miR-39 as target miRNAs was synthesized.
  • nucleic acid probes of detection probes having a sequence which is complementary to each target miRNA were designed and synthesized.
  • capture probes having a sequence complementary to each target miRNA were synthesized on a glass substrate, and were arranged in a spot shape.
  • Target miRNA 1 miR-141 (SEQ ID No: 1: 22-mer) [Sequence: 5′-UAACACUGUCUGGUAAAGAUGG-3′]
  • Target miRNA 2 miR-143 (SEQ ID No: 2: 21-mer) [Sequence: 5′-UGAGAUGAAGCACUGUAGCUC-3′]
  • Target miRNA 3 miR-1275 (SEQ ID No: 3: 17-mer) [Sequence: 5′-GUGGGGGAGAGGCUGUC-3′]
  • Target miRNA 4 miR-107 (SEQ ID No: 4: 23-mer) [Sequence: 5′-AGCAGCAUUGUACAGGGCUAUCA-3′]
  • Target miRNA 5 miR-181a-2* (SEQ ID No: 5: 22-mer) [Sequence: 5′-ACCACUGACCGUUGACUGUACC-3′]
  • Target miRNA 6 miR-484 (SEQ ID No: 6: 22-mer) [Sequence: 5′
  • X1 represents the following sequence
  • p represents a phosphoric acid
  • S represents a thiol group
  • f represents 6-FAM (6-fluoroscein).
  • X2 and X3 represents the following sequences, p represents a phosphoric acid, and Al represents Alexa647-AminoC6-dA.
  • a DNA micro array substrate to which one of the above-described capture probes was immobilized was purchased from Agilent Technologies, and was allowed to stand for 90 minutes at room temperature while being brought into contact with a solution in Table 1. After washing the DNA micro array substrate with ultrapure water and drying the DNA micro array substrate, the DNA micro array substrate was installed in a solution mixer.
  • Takara 10 ⁇ buffer is 500 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 100 mM MgCl2, and 50 mM DTT.
  • a miRNA solution with an arbitrary concentration was adjusted as in Table 2, and a hybridization reaction solution containing a detection probe was prepared as in Table 3.
  • the prepared miRNA solution was introduced from an inlet 1 of a solution mixer and the hybridization reaction solution was introduced from an inlet 2 , and the solutions were hybridized by being circulated for 10 minutes.
  • the DNA micro array substrate was washed by sending 500 ⁇ l of a washing liquid, which contains 0.3 M NaCl and 30 mM sodium citrate, from the inlet 3 , and the fluorescence intensity was measured after observing the substrate using a fluorescence microscope.
  • a washing liquid which contains 0.3 M NaCl and 30 mM sodium citrate
  • FIG. 19( a ) is an image of the substrate showing miRNA analysis results.
  • FIG. 19( b ) corresponds to FIG. 19( a )
  • a spot shown by half-tone dot meshing is a spot which corresponds to target miRNA and in which fluorescence is to be observed.
  • Each letter corresponds to the following miRNA.
  • a first solution 91 was sent to a solution mixer by opening a valve 43 a in a state in which valves 23 a and 23 b on a main flow path 21 of a solution mixer (( 2 ) in FIG. 20 ) were closed.
  • a second solution 92 was sent to the solution mixer by opening a valve 43 b in a state in which valves 33 were closed (( 3 ) in FIG. 20 ).
  • a pump constituted of a pump valve ( 23 a ) was started by opening 23 a and 23 b in a state in which the valves 43 a , 43 b , and 33 were closed.
  • the first solution 91 was rotatably mixed with the second solution 92 to obtain a third solution 93 (( 4 ) in FIG. 20 and ( 5 ) in FIG. 20 ).
  • the first solution 91 was sufficiently mixed with the second solution 92 .
  • a fluidic device shown in FIG. 21B was produced. It was confirmed that it was possible to control the flow of a fluid through the control of the opening and closing of valves in each step shown in Table of FIG. 21A .
  • biomolecule purification unit 3 b . . . biomolecule recovery liquid introduction inlet, 3 c . . . biomolecule immobilization unit, 4 . . . solution mixer, 4 c . . . detection unit, 5 . . . first flow path, 6 . . . second flow path, 7 . . . first waste liquid tank, 8 . . . second waste liquid tank, 9 . . . third waste liquid tank, 10 . . . third flow path, 11 . . . fourth flow path, 12 . . . fifth flow path, 20 , 20 ′, 30 , 30 ′, 40 , 50 , 50 ′, 60 , 70 , 80 . . .
  • solution mixer 21 a , 21 b , 21 c , 21 d ( 21 ) . . . main flow path, 31 . . . folded structure, 22 . . . connecting flow path, 32 . . . solution discharge flow path, 23 a , 23 b , 23 c , 23 d , 23 e , 23 f ( 23 ) . . . main flow path valve, 24 . . . pump valve, 33 a , 33 b , 33 c , 33 d ( 33 ) . . . solution discharge flow path valve, 43 a , 43 b , 43 c , 43 d ( 43 ) . . .
  • solution introduction flow path valve 91 . . . first solution, 92 . . . second solution, 93 . . . third solution, 94 . . . fourth solution, 95 . . . fifth solution, 133 . . . miRNA, 131 . . . first section, 132 . . . second section, 134 . . . capture probe, 134 a . . . spacer, 135 . . . detection probe, 135 a . . . labeling substance, 135 b sequence, 135 c , 135 d . . . stem section, 136 substrate

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Automatic Analysis And Handling Materials Therefor (AREA)
  • Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
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US20210348992A1 (en) * 2018-06-29 2021-11-11 Nikon Corporation Fluidic device, system, and mixing method
US11192106B2 (en) 2016-06-06 2021-12-07 Nikon Corporation Fluidic device, system, method of detecting sample material and method of purifying sample material
CN114100957A (zh) * 2020-08-26 2022-03-01 湖北万度光能有限责任公司 含料液回吸通道的狭缝涂布系统
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US11642636B2 (en) 2023-05-09
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US20190126215A1 (en) 2019-05-02

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