US20150307447A1 - Compositions for deposition on biological surfaces - Google Patents
Compositions for deposition on biological surfaces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20150307447A1 US20150307447A1 US14/694,616 US201514694616A US2015307447A1 US 20150307447 A1 US20150307447 A1 US 20150307447A1 US 201514694616 A US201514694616 A US 201514694616A US 2015307447 A1 US2015307447 A1 US 2015307447A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- aryl
- concentration
- trpm8
- trpv1
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 title 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 99
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 66
- 101150111302 Trpm8 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 61
- 102000003610 TRPM8 Human genes 0.000 claims description 59
- 102000003566 TRPV1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 39
- 101150016206 Trpv1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 39
- 101000764872 Homo sapiens Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 38
- 102100026186 Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 36
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N (+)-Neomenthol Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N DL-menthol Natural products CC(C)C1CCC(C)CC1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 229940041616 menthol Drugs 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- ZOJBYZNEUISWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl isothiocyanate Chemical compound C=CCN=C=S ZOJBYZNEUISWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- YKPUWZUDDOIDPM-SOFGYWHQSA-N capsaicin Chemical compound COC1=CC(CNC(=O)CCCC\C=C\C(C)C)=CC=C1O YKPUWZUDDOIDPM-SOFGYWHQSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000017663 capsaicin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229960002504 capsaicin Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000016720 allyl isothiocyanate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940080309 TRPM8 agonist Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl salicylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940123223 TRPA1 agonist Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- ZYTMANIQRDEHIO-KXUCPTDWSA-N isopulegol Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C(C)=C)[C@H](O)C1 ZYTMANIQRDEHIO-KXUCPTDWSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KOCVACNWDMSLBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(Ethoxymethyl)-2-methoxyphenol Chemical compound CCOCC1=CC=C(O)C(OC)=C1 KOCVACNWDMSLBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RWAXQWRDVUOOGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,2,3-Trimethyl-2-(1-methylethyl)butanamide Chemical compound CNC(=O)C(C)(C(C)C)C(C)C RWAXQWRDVUOOGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-QPJJXVBHSA-N (E)-cinnamaldehyde Chemical compound O=C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-QPJJXVBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AXMVYSVVTMKQSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N UNPD142122 Natural products OC1=CC=C(C=CC=O)C=C1O AXMVYSVVTMKQSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940117916 cinnamic aldehyde Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnamic aldehyde Natural products O=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001871 (1R,2R,5S)-5-methyl-2-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexan-1-ol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VLDFMKOUUQYFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(butoxymethyl)-2-methoxyphenol Chemical compound CCCCOCC1=CC=C(O)C(OC)=C1 VLDFMKOUUQYFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UJNOLBSYLSYIBM-WISYIIOYSA-N [(1r,2s,5r)-5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexyl] (2r)-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H](C)O UJNOLBSYLSYIBM-WISYIIOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940095045 isopulegol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001047 methyl salicylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- ZYTMANIQRDEHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N neo-Isopulegol Natural products CC1CCC(C(C)=C)C(O)C1 ZYTMANIQRDEHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MXXWOMGUGJBKIW-YPCIICBESA-N piperine Chemical compound C=1C=C2OCOC2=CC=1/C=C/C=C/C(=O)N1CCCCC1 MXXWOMGUGJBKIW-YPCIICBESA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019100 piperine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940075559 piperine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- WVWHRXVVAYXKDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperine Natural products O=C(C=CC=Cc1ccc2OCOc2c1)C3CCCCN3 WVWHRXVVAYXKDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940078465 vanillyl butyl ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- MDVYIGJINBYKOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[[5-Methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexyl]oxy]-1,2-propanediol Chemical compound CC(C)C1CCC(C)CC1OCC(O)CO MDVYIGJINBYKOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GUGOEEXESWIERI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terfenadine Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C(O)CCCN1CCC(C(O)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)CC1 GUGOEEXESWIERI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BGKAKRUFBSTALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vanillin isobutyrate Chemical compound COC1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1OC(=O)C(C)C BGKAKRUFBSTALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001387 anti-histamine Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000739 antihistaminic agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 abstract description 47
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- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- UAOUIVVJBYDFKD-XKCDOFEDSA-N (1R,9R,10S,11R,12R,15S,18S,21R)-10,11,21-trihydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-14-methylidene-4-(prop-2-enylamino)-20-oxa-5-thia-3-azahexacyclo[9.7.2.112,15.01,9.02,6.012,18]henicosa-2(6),3-dien-13-one Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@]23C(C1=C)=O)C[C@H]2[C@]12C(N=C(NCC=C)S4)=C4CC(C)(C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@]3(O)OC2 UAOUIVVJBYDFKD-XKCDOFEDSA-N 0.000 description 77
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 62
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 51
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 38
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 32
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000035597 cooling sensation Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000000551 dentifrice Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 17
- PNZXMIKHJXIPEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanecarboxamide Chemical group NC(=O)C1CCCCC1 PNZXMIKHJXIPEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 15
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 14
- 0 *.*C.S.[1*]c(c)C(=[W])[V]c1cc[y]c1CC(=O)C1C[C@H](C)CC[C@H]1C(C)C Chemical compound *.*C.S.[1*]c(c)C(=[W])[V]c1cc[y]c1CC(=O)C1C[C@H](C)CC[C@H]1C(C)C 0.000 description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229940112822 chewing gum Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 235000015218 chewing gum Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- -1 1-menthol Chemical compound 0.000 description 11
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol Natural products OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000012131 assay buffer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002324 mouth wash Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc carbonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 108010025083 TRPV1 receptor Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 7
- QOMNQGZXFYNBNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyloxymethyl 2-[2-[2-[5-[3-(acetyloxymethoxy)-2,7-difluoro-6-oxoxanthen-9-yl]-2-[bis[2-(acetyloxymethoxy)-2-oxoethyl]amino]phenoxy]ethoxy]-n-[2-(acetyloxymethoxy)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylanilino]acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCOC(=O)CN(CC(=O)OCOC(C)=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1OCCOC1=CC(C2=C3C=C(F)C(=O)C=C3OC3=CC(OCOC(C)=O)=C(F)C=C32)=CC=C1N(CC(=O)OCOC(C)=O)CC(=O)OCOC(C)=O QOMNQGZXFYNBNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920013822 aminosilicone Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229940043810 zinc pyrithione Drugs 0.000 description 7
- PICXIOQBANWBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;1-oxidopyridine-2-thione Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]N1C=CC=CC1=S.[O-]N1C=CC=CC1=S PICXIOQBANWBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-KXUCPTDWSA-N (-)-Menthol Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@H]1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-KXUCPTDWSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 6
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- 150000003857 carboxamides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
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- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 6
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to personal care compositions, such as oral care and skin care compositions, containing a flavor/perfume system comprising one or more coolants, wherein the cool sensation provided by the coolant is enhanced in terms of quicker onset, greater intensity, and/or longer duration, thereby improving appeal and acceptability of the compositions to consumers.
- a flavor/perfume system comprising one or more coolants, wherein the cool sensation provided by the coolant is enhanced in terms of quicker onset, greater intensity, and/or longer duration, thereby improving appeal and acceptability of the compositions to consumers.
- Oral care products such as dentifrice and mouthwash, are routinely used by consumers as part of their oral care hygiene regimens. It is well known that oral care products can provide both therapeutic and cosmetic hygiene benefits to consumers.
- Therapeutic benefits include caries prevention which is typically delivered through the use of various fluoride salts; gingivitis prevention, by the use of an antimicrobial agent such as stannous fluoride, triclosan, essential oils; or hypersensitivity control through the use of ingredients such as strontium chloride or potassium nitrate.
- Cosmetic benefits provided by oral care products include the control of plaque and calculus formation, removal and prevention of tooth stain, tooth whitening, breath freshening, and overall improvements in mouth feel impression, which can be broadly characterized as mouth feel aesthetics.
- Behavioral and environmental factors that contribute to teeth staining propensity include regular use of coffee, tea, cola or tobacco products, and also the use of certain oral products containing ingredients that promote staining, such as cationic antimicrobials and metal salts.
- Typical ingredients for oral care use that are associated with these aesthetic negatives include antimicrobial agents such as cetyl pyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, stannous and zinc salts; tooth bleaching agents such as peroxides; antitartar agents such as pyrophosphate, tripolyphosphate and hexametaphosphate; and excipients such as baking soda and surfactants.
- oral care products are typically formulated with flavoring agents, sweeteners and coolants to taste as good as possible and provide a pleasant experience.
- it is desirable for oral care products to provide a refreshing cooling sensation during and after use.
- sensate molecules are formulated into oral care compositions to convey a signal of efficacy.
- signals of efficacy include cooling, tingling, numbing, warming, sweetness, and rheological sensations such as phase change and fizzing or bubbling.
- menthol particularly 1-menthol, which is found naturally in peppermint oil, notably of Mentha arvensis L and Mentha viridis L.
- 1-isomer occurs most widely in nature and is typically what is referred by the name menthol having coolant properties.
- L-menthol has the characteristic peppermint odor, has a clean fresh taste and exerts a cooling sensation when applied to the skin and mucosal surfaces.
- ⁇ -menthanecarboxamide compounds such as N-ethyl- ⁇ -menthan-3-carboxamide, known commercially as “WS-3”, and others in the series, such as WS-5 (N-ethoxycarbonylmethyl- ⁇ -menthan-3-carboxamide), WS-12 [N-(4-methoxyphenyl)- ⁇ -menthan-3-carboxamide] and WS-14 (N-tert-butyl- ⁇ -menthan-3-carboxamide).
- menthane carboxy esters examples include WS-4 and WS-30.
- An example of a synthetic carboxamide coolant that is structurally unrelated to menthol is N,2,3-trimethyl-2-isopropylbutanamide, known as “WS-23”.
- TK-10 3-(1-menthoxy)-propane-1,2-diol known as TK-10, isopulegol (under the tradename Coolact P) and ⁇ -menthane-3,8-diol (under the tradename Coolact 38D); menthone glycerol acetal known as MGA; menthyl esters such as menthyl acetate, menthyl acetoacetate, menthyl lactate known as Frescolat® supplied by Haarmann and Reimer, and monomenthyl succinate under the tradename Physcool from V. Mane. TK-10 is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,459,425 to Amano et al.
- N-substituted ⁇ -menthane carboxamides are described in WO 2005/049553A1 including N-(4-cyanomethylphenyl)- ⁇ -menthanecarboxamide, N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)- ⁇ -menthanecarboxamide, N-(4-cyanophenyl)- ⁇ -menthanecarboxamide, N-(4-acetylphenyl)- ⁇ -menthanecarboxamide, N-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)- ⁇ -menthanecarboxamide and N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)- ⁇ -menthanecarboxamide.
- N-substituted ⁇ -menthane carboxamides include amino acid derivatives such as those disclosed in WO 2006/103401 and in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,136,163; 4,178,459 and 7,189,760 such as N-((5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexyl)carbonyl)glycine ethyl ester and N-((5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexyl)carbonyl)alanine ethyl ester.
- Menthyl esters including those of amino acids such as glycine and alanine are disclosed e.g., in EP 310 299 and in U.S. Pat. Nos.
- Ketal derivatives are described, e.g., in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,266,592; 5,977,166 and 5,451,404. Additional agents that are structurally unrelated to menthol but have been reported to have a similar physiological cooling effect include alpha-keto enamine derivatives described in U.S. Pat. No.
- 6,592,884 including 3-methyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one (3-MPC), 5-methyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one (5-MPC), and 2,5-dimethyl-4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-3(2H)-furanone (DMPF); icilin (also known as AG-3-5, chemical name 1-[2-hydroxyphenyl]-4-[2-nitrophenyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-2-one) described in Wei et al., J. Pharm. Pharmacol. (1983), 35:110-112. Reviews on the coolant activity of menthol and synthetic coolants include H. R. Watson, et al. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. (1978), 29, 185-200 and R. Eccles, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., (1994), 46, 618-630.
- compositions comprising one or more coolants, wherein the cooling and refreshing sensation provided by the coolant(s) is potentiated in terms of onset, intensity, and/or duration.
- a compound is provided that comprises the following structure:
- a compound having the structure shown above, wherein the compound at a concentration of about 5.2E-5% provides a greater activation of TRPM8 than WS5 at a concentration of about 30 mM; a greater activation of TRPA1 than allyl isothiocyanate at a concentration of about 50 mM; and a greater activation of TRPV1 than capsaicin at a concentration of about 350 nM.
- a compound having the structure shown above is provided, wherein the compound at a concentration of about 5.2E-5% provides at least about 100%, 105%, 110%, 115%, 120% 125% or 130% activation of TRPM8 when compared to WS5 at a concentration of about 30 mM; at least about 100%, 130%, 140%, 150%, 160%, 170%, 180%, 190%, 200%, 210%, 220%, 230% or 240% activation of TRPA1 when compared to allyl isothiocyanate at a concentration of about 50 mM; and at least about 95%, 100%, 105%, 110%, or 115% activation of TRPV1 when compared to capsaicin at a concentration of about 350 nM.
- a compound is provided that comprises the following structure:
- a compound is provided that comprises the following structure:
- a compound is provided that comprises the following structure:
- a personal care composition that comprises a compound having the following structure:
- FIG. 1 UV chromatogram overlays of three replicate injections of compound 28, fraction 1. The percentages of relative peak area are shown above each isomeric compound observed within this mixture. All peaks appear at nominal m/z 374 in the QDa mass spectra, indicating that these are isomeric species.
- FIG. 2 UV chromatogram overlays of three replicate injections of compound 28, fraction 2. The percentages of relative peak areas are shown above for each isomeric compound observed within this mixture. All peaks appear at nominal m/z 374 in the QDa mass spectra, indicating that these are isomeric species. Fraction 2 has higher isomeric purity than fraction 1.
- FIG. 3 UV trace overlays of chromatograms generated during separate analysis of compound 28, fraction 1 (dashed line) and fraction 2 (solid line). These overlays demonstrate that some components are contained within both fractions, while some components are essentially unique, and the ratio of isomers within these two fractions differ. All peaks appear at nominal m/z 374 in the QDa mass spectra, indicating that these are isomeric species.
- the present invention is directed to the discovery that certain cyclohexanecarboxamide structures deliver the means to drive a cooling response at low concentrations. It has been discovered that cyclohexanecarboxamide, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-N-(2-phenylethyl)-, (1R,2S,5R) (CAS#824947-52-6) and cyclohexanecarboxamide, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-N-(2-phenylethyl)-, (1R,2S,5R) (CAS#847564-71-0) structures with 2-amino-propanamide (CAS#4726-84-5) have enhanced long lasting cooling properties and cyclohexanecarboxamide, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-N-phenyl-, (1R,2S,5R) and cyclohexanecarboxamide, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-N-1-naphthaleny
- the present invention is thus based on the discovery that select molecules can be used to drive a cooling response when formulated into consumer products.
- a second object of this invention shows the discovery that select cyclohexanecarboxamide derivatives can provide long lasting cooling at very low levels, allowing for formulation efficiencies, in particular coolant compounds (coolants), such as described below.
- Body surface includes skin, for example dermal or mucosal; body surface also includes structures associated with the body surface for example hair, teeth, or nails.
- Examples of personal care compositions include a product applied to a human body for improving appearance, cleansing, and odor control or general aesthetics.
- Non-limiting examples of personal care compositions include oral care compositions, such as, dentifrice, mouth rinse, mousse, foam, mouth spray, lozenge, chewable tablet, chewing gum, tooth whitening strips, floss and floss coatings, breath freshening dissolvable strips, denture care product, denture adhesive product; after shave gels and creams, pre-shave preparations, shaving gels, creams, or foams, moisturizers and lotions; cough and cold compositions, gels, gel caps, and throat sprays; leave-on skin lotions and creams, shampoos, body washes, body rubs, such as Vicks Vaporub; hair conditioners, hair dyeing and bleaching compositions, mousses, shower gels, bar soaps, antiperspirants, deodorants, depilatories, lipsticks, foundations, mascara, sunless tanners and sunscreen lotions; feminine care compositions, such as lotions and lotion compositions directed towards absorbent articles; baby care compositions directed towards absorbent or disposable articles; and oral cleaning compositions
- oral health compositions refers to compositions in a form that is deliverable to a mammal in need via the oral cavity, mouth, throat, nasal passage or combinations thereof.
- Nonlimiting examples include liquid compositions, cough syrups, respiratory preparations, beverage, supplemental water, pills, soft gels, tablets, capsules, gel compositions, foam compositions, saline wash and combinations thereof.
- Liquid compositions, gel compositions can be in a form that is directly deliverable to the mouth and throat.
- compositions and/or preparations can be delivered by a delivery device selected from droppers, pump, sprayers, liquid dropper, saline wash delivered via nasal passageway, cup, bottle, liquid filled gel, liquid filled gummy, center filled gum, chews, films, center filled lozenge, gum filled lozenge, pressurized sprayers, atomizers, air inhalation devices, liquid filled compressed tablet, liquid filled gelatin capsule, liquid filled capsule, squeezable sachets, power shots, and other packaging and equipment, and combinations thereof.
- the sprayer, atomizer, and air inhalation devices can be associated with a battery or electric power source.
- the present invention is also directed towards a respiratory preparation.
- the respiratory preparation comprises a film forming agent; and a thickening agent.
- the preparation provides on demand relief.
- the preparation can work to physically coat the mouth and throat creating a soothing barrier over the epithelial cells that line the throat layer.
- the preparation can additionally, reduce inflammation and relieve minor pain associated with a cough and/or sore throat.
- the respiratory preparation would not contain a pharmaceutical active.
- the present invention is also directed to lotion compositions and to absorbent articles, particularly disposable absorbent articles, having a lotion treatment composition applied thereon.
- Disposable absorbent articles can be baby diapers or feminine hygiene articles, including incontinence devices and catamenial products, such as tampons, sanitary napkins, pantiliners, interlabial products, and the like.
- catamenial device such as a sanitary napkin or pantiliner.
- the absorbent article can comprise any known or otherwise effective topsheet, such as one which is compliant, soft feeling, and non-irritating to the body of the wearer.
- Suitable topsheet materials include a liquid pervious material that is oriented towards and contacts the body of the wearer, thereby permitting body discharges to rapidly penetrate through the topsheet without allowing fluid to flow back through the topsheet to the skin of the wearer.
- the topsheet while capable of allowing rapid transfer of fluid through it, also provides for the transfer or migration of the lotion composition onto an external or internal portion of a body of the wearer.
- a suitable topsheet can be made of various materials, such as woven and nonwoven materials; apertured film materials including apertured formed thermoplastic films, apertured plastic films, and fiber-entangled apertured films; hydro-formed thermoplastic films; porous foams; reticulated foams; reticulated thermoplastic films; thermoplastic scrims; or combinations thereof, as is well known in the art of making catamenial products such as sanitary napkins, pantiliners, incontinence pads, and the like.
- a lotion composition of the present invention comprises at least one rheology structurant, which typically is a solid.
- the lotion composition can further comprise other optional ingredients, like surface energy modifiers.
- a lotion composition consists essentially of, or consists of, a rheology structurant, such as a microcrystalline wax, alkyl dimethicone, ethylene glycol dibehenate, ethylene glycol distearate, glycerol tribehenate, glycerol tristearate, and ethylene bisoleamide.
- a present lotion composition can contain a single rheology structurant or a mixture of two or more rheology structurants.
- the lotion composition can be applied to the outer surface of the absorbent article, such as, for example, the outer surface of the topsheet.
- Any of a variety of application methods that distribute lubricious materials having a molten or liquid consistency can be used, such as, for example, as set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 5,968,025 and U.S. Pub. App. No. 2005/0208113.
- Suitable methods include but are not limited to spraying, printing (e.g., flexographic printing), coating (e.g., gravure coating), extrusion, dipping, or combinations of these application techniques, e.g., spraying the lotion composition on a rotating surface, such as a calender roll, that then transfers the composition to the outer surface of the sanitary napkin topsheet.
- the manner of applying the lotion composition to a portion of a catamenial device can be such that the substrate or component does not become saturated with the lotion composition.
- the lotion composition can be applied to the catamenial device at any point during assembly.
- the lotion composition can also be applied to the outer surface of the topsheet before it is combined with the other raw materials to form a finished catamenial device.
- the term “dentifrice”, as used herein, includes tooth or subgingival-paste, gel, or liquid formulations unless otherwise specified.
- the dentifrice composition may be a single phase composition or may be a combination of two or more separate dentifrice compositions.
- the dentifrice composition may be in any desired form, such as deep striped, surface striped, multilayered, having a gel surrounding a paste, or any combination thereof.
- Each dentifrice composition in a dentifrice comprising two or more separate dentifrice compositions may be contained in a physically separated compartment of a dispenser and dispensed side-by-side.
- dispenser means any pump, tube, or container suitable for dispensing compositions such as dentifrices.
- teeth refers to natural teeth as well as artificial teeth or dental prosthesis.
- orally acceptable carrier or excipients includes safe and effective materials and conventional additives used in oral care compositions including but not limited to fluoride ion sources, anti-calculus or anti-tartar agents, buffers, abrasives such as silica, alkali metal bicarbonate salts, thickening materials, humectants, water, surfactants, titanium dioxide, flavorants, sweetening agents, xylitol, coloring agents, and mixtures thereof.
- tartar and “calculus” are used interchangeably and refer to mineralized dental plaque biofilms.
- TRPV1 refers to the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1, which is a ligand-gated, non-selective cation channel preferentially expressed on small-diameter sensory neurons and detects noxious as well as other substances.
- the TRPV1 receptor is provided as SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the TRPV1 receptor responds to, for example, both noxious and painful stimuli. A noxious stimulus would include those that give a burning (i.e. hot) sensation.
- TRPV1 agonist refers to any compound, which at a concentration of 1 mM gives a calcium flux count of at least 1000 counts or 20% above the background level of calcium present in the cell according to the FLIPR method, as discussed herein.
- count is defined as the change in fluorescence of the cell lines due to the influx of calcium across the cell membrane, which reacts with the calcium sensitive dye present within the cells.
- TRPV1 antagonist refers to any compound which at a concentration of 1 mM gives a reduction in calcium flux count of at least 1000 counts or 20% below the activation of TRPV1 receptor by 350 ⁇ M capsaicin.
- TRPV1 desensitizer refers to any compound, which shows agonist activity and causes a decrease in activation by a known TRPV1 agonist.
- TRPA1 refers to the transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1, having a large cysteine-rich N-terminus that contains 18 predicted ankyrin repeats.
- the TRPA1 receptor is provided as SEQ ID NO: 2.
- TRPA1 is a ligand-gated, non-selective cation channel preferentially expressed on small diameter sensory neurons.
- TRPA1 agonist refers to any compound, which at a concentration of 1 mM gives a calcium flux count of at least 1000 counts or 20% above the background level of calcium present in the cell according to the FLIPR method, as discussed herein.
- count is defined as the change in fluorescence of the cell lines due to the influx of calcium across the cell membrane, which reacts with the calcium sensitive dye present within the cells.
- TRPA1 antagonist refers to any compound, which at a concentration of 1 mM gives a reduction in calcium flux count of at least 1000 counts or 20% below the activation of TRPA1 receptor by 50 mM allyl isothiocyanate.
- TRPA1 desensitizer refers to any compound, which shows agonist activity and causes a decrease in activation by a known TRPA1 agonist.
- TRPM8 refers to cold- and menthol-sensitive receptor (CMR1) or TRPM8.
- CMR1 cold- and menthol-sensitive receptor
- TRPM8 refers to cold- and menthol-sensitive receptor (CMR1) or TRPM8.
- the TRPM8 nomenclature for the receptor comes from its characterization as a non-selective cation channel of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family that is activated by stimuli including low temperatures, menthol and other chemical coolants.
- TRP transient receptor potential
- the TRPM8 receptor is provided as SEQ ID NO: 3.
- the cooling receptor conventionally known as TRPM8 or the menthol receptor has been demonstrated as a means to differentiate intensity and duration of organic molecules that initiate and propagate the non-thermal cooling perception (D. D. Mckemy, The Open Drug Discovery Journal 2:81-88 2010).
- McKemy reported the EC50 values of many agonists to TRPM8 which span the range of 100 nM to 19 mM, thus showing the channel can be activated across a wide range of structures at varying concentrations.
- This channel also has the nomenclature of CRM1 and TRPP8. The later was designated as such due to its identification with prostate cells, where it was employed as a means to identify molecules targeted towards prostate cancer.
- TRPM8 agonist refers to any compound, which when added to a TRPM8 receptor, according to the FLIPR method, as discussed herein, produces any increase in fluorescence over background.
- TRPM8 antagonist refers to any compound, which does not show any agonistic activity when directly added and inhibits activation of the TRPM8 receptor by a known TRPM8 agonist.
- FLIPR method as discussed herein a molecule that has >20% reduction in calcium flux compared to the WS5 activated TRPM8 receptor is considered a TRPM8 antagonist.
- potency refers to the concentration (EC50) or dose (ED50) of a chemistry required to produce 50% of the chemistry's maximal effect as depicted by a graded dose-response curve.
- EC50 equals Kd (Dissociation constant, which is a measure of 50% of the substance in question bound to the receptor) when there is a linear relationship between occupancy and response.
- Kd Dissociation constant, which is a measure of 50% of the substance in question bound to the receptor
- signal amplification occurs between receptor occupancy and response, which results in the EC50 for response being much less (ie, positioned to the left on the abscissa of the log dose-response curve) than KD for receptor occupancy.
- Potency depends on both the affinity of chemistry for its receptor, and the efficiency with which chemistry-receptor interaction is coupled to response.
- the dose of chemistry required to produce an effect is inversely related to potency. In general, low potency is important only if it results in a need to administer the chemistry in large doses that are impractical.
- Quantal dose-response curves provide information on the potency of chemistry that is different from the information derived from graded dose-response curves. In a quantal dose-response relationship, the ED50 is the dose at which 50% of individuals exhibit the specified quantal effect.
- Coolants or compounds that have a physiological cooling effect particularly on oral and other mucosal surfaces and skin are common ingredients in a wide variety of products, including edible compositions, personal care compositions, and in flavor or perfume compositions.
- edible compositions include confectionery, candies, chocolate, chewing gum, beverages and oral medicines.
- personal care compositions including oral care compositions, have been described previously.
- the pleasant cooling sensation provided by coolants contributes to the appeal and acceptability of the products.
- oral care products such as dentifrices and mouthwashes are formulated with coolants because they provide breath freshening effects and a clean, cool, fresh feeling in the mouth.
- sensations such as cool or cold can be attributed to activation of receptors at peripheral nerve fibers by a stimulus such as low temperature or a chemical coolant, which produces electrochemical signals that travel to the brain, which then interprets, organizes and integrates the incoming signals into a perception or sensation.
- a stimulus such as low temperature or a chemical coolant
- CMR1 cold- and menthol-sensitive receptor
- TRPM8 TRPM8
- the TRPM8 nomenclature for the receptor comes from its characterization as a non-selective cation channel of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family, which is activated by stimuli including low temperatures, menthol and other chemical coolants.
- TRP transient receptor potential
- the precise mechanisms underlying the perception of a pleasant cooling sensation on skin or oral surfaces are presently not clearly understood. While it has been demonstrated that the TRPM8 receptor is activated by menthol and other coolants, it is not fully understood what other receptors may be involved, and to what extent these receptors need to be stimulated or perhaps suppressed in order for the overall perceived sensation to be pleasant, cooling and refreshing.
- menthol is widely used as a cooling agent, but menthol can also produce other sensations including tingling, burning, prickling and stinging as well as a minty smell and bitter taste.
- menthol acts on many different receptors, including cold, warm, pain and taste receptors.
- HSP Hansen Solubility Parameters
- Solubility parameters are theoretically calculated numerical constants, which are a useful tool in predicting the ability of a solvent material to dissolve a particular solute.
- solubility parameters of a solvent falls within the solubility parameter range of a solute, i.e., the material to be dissolved, solubilization of the solute is likely to occur.
- solubility parameters There are three Hansen empirically and theoretically derived solubility parameters, a dispersion-force component ( ⁇ D ), a polar or dipole interaction component ( ⁇ P ) and a hydrogen-bonding component ( ⁇ H ).
- ⁇ D dispersion-force component
- ⁇ P polar or dipole interaction component
- ⁇ H hydrogen-bonding component
- the three parameters are a measure of the overall strength and selectivity of a solvent.
- the Total Hansen solubility parameter which is the square root of the sum of the squares of the three parameters mentioned previously, provides a more general description of the solvency of the solvents. Individual and total Solubility Parameter units are given in MPa 0.5 . Solubility parameters for a material may then be plotted in a normal three-dimensional graph. From the location ( ⁇ D , ⁇ P , ⁇ H ), a radius is projected to form a sphere, which encompasses a region of solubility such that any solvent whose parameters reside within this space should dissolve the solute in question.
- Ra The distance between the HSP coordinate of material (i.e., the solute) to the HSP coordinates of material (solvent) is designated herein as Ra.
- the sphere equation of Hansen was calculated to center the target molecules of choice, in this case, compound 28 and the various isomers (L, D, and neo) and enantiomers of each.
- ⁇ Hydrogen bonding is ⁇ 13 units, from about 0 to 25 (MPa) 0.5 .
- Non-limiting examples of flavor and fragrance raw materials having suitable Hansen Solubility Parameters used to solubilize the carboxamide derivative include menthone, carvone, pine oil, cinnamic aldehyde, ethanol, benzyl alcohol, eucalyptol, 1,2-propane diol, 1,3-propane diol, hexane, ethanolamine, cyclodextrins, and triacetin.
- a coolant can produce a cooling or freshness sensation similar to that produced by menthol, but without certain of the disadvantages associated with menthol, such as flavor modification, bitter aftertaste, off-flavor, strong odor and burning or irritating sensation, particularly at high concentrations. It is desirable that the coolant compounds barely possess a distinctive odor or flavor while providing a pleasant fresh cool sensation of prolonged duration, in order that the effect can still be perceived for a considerable time after use, for example, longer than 15 minutes. Menthol generally provides an initial high cooling impact, but its effect is somewhat transient in that the cool sensation drops sharply within a few minutes after use.
- the present invention is directed to the discovery that specific 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-N-(2-phenylethyl)-, (1R,2S,5R) cyclohexanecarboxamide structures, as shown below, deliver the means to drive a cooling response at low concentrations.
- Structure I which includes compounds of the present invention, as shown below, and which includes compound 28, represents a genus that has been surprisingly found to be useful as modulators of TRPM8 activation.
- Structure I represents a heteroalkyl substituted aryl or heteroalkyl-aryl substituted alkyl carboxamide of methanol having the shown below structure and including any acceptable salts or solvates thereof; wherein:
- stereoisomers are contemplated in the above Structure I, where substitution is allowed and the relative configuration of each stereo center will dictate the activity towards the receptor. While it is known that the stereochemistry of side chain groups may be important to the activity of the molecule, the activity of these compounds in vivo is highly unpredictable. In some cases, isomers of the same molecule may have comparable activity. In other cases, stereoisomers of the same molecule could have enhanced or diminished activity towards the receptor. In some cases, individual stereoisomers may have no activity.
- Specific compounds of interest may derive from the 1R,2S,5R configuration found in natural ( ⁇ )-menthol. In these cases, the stereoisomeric derivatives of 1R,2S,5R-menthyl carboxamide will be found in the substituted alkyl side chain fragment of the molecule. While the 1R,2S,5R configuration is known to be important to activity, the 1S,2S,5R neo-isomer of N-substituted menthyl carboxamide derivatives has also shown promise.
- Both types of cyclohexanecarboxamide (cooling and warming) are efficacious at low use levels (1-10 ppm).
- the advantage of using such low levels of these materials allows for their formulation into higher water compositions, such as mouthrinses, without the need for additional processing aids, such as co-surfactants, oils, or other suspension agents.
- These materials may also provide mitigation of off tasting sensations, such as that derived from metal salts, peroxide, and CPC.
- TRPM8 activity as exemplified from compound 28
- skin conditions such as treatments for non-keratinzed stratified epithelium; analgesic applications as pain mitigation agents; reductions in inflammation; additives to cigarettes; topical salves for muscle pain, for chronic pain from osteoarthritis, and for chemotherapy induced neuropathy; skin barrier recovery accelerants; and antipruritic or antiseptic medications; and for vasoconstriction in relaxed vessels.
- the levels of use for compounds of the present invention, such as compound 28, depend upon the targeted TRPM8 area of the body.
- a compound of the present invention such as dentifrice, floss, chewing gum, or white strip
- the levels of use may be from about 0.00001% to about 0.1%; from about 0.00005% to about 0.1%; from about 0.0001% to about 0.05%; or from about 0.001% to about 0.01% by weight of the composition.
- the level of use may be from about 0.000001% to about 0.01% or from about 0.0001% to about 0.001% by weight of the composition.
- a compound of the present invention, such as compound 28 is delivered topically, for example in shampoos and lotions the levels may be from about 0.001% to about 0.5% by weight of the composition or from about 0.01% to about 0.4% by weight of the composition.
- test compounds shown in TABLE 1 had on TRPM8 (SEQ ID NO: 3), TRPA1 (SEQ ID NO: 2), and TRPV1 (SEQ ID NO: 1) activation the protocols listed below were used.
- the intracellular calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) level was measured from transfected cells with the TRPM8 receptor sequence (SEQ ID NO: 3).
- HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney) cells stably transfected with human TRPM8 were grown in 15 ml growth medium (high glucose DMEM (Dulbecco's Modification of Eagle's Medium) supplemented with 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum), 100 ug/ml penicillin/streptomycin, 5 ⁇ g/ml blasticindin, and 100 ⁇ g/ml zeocin) in a 75 cm 2 flask for 3 days at 37° C. in a mammalian cell culture incubator set at 5% CO 2 .
- Fluo-4 AM is a fluorescent dye used for quantifying cellular Ca 2+ concentrations in the 100 nM to 1 microM range.
- assay buffer (1 ⁇ HBSS (Hank's Balanced Salt Solution), 20 mM HEPES (4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid) was added to wash cells and the resulting mixture was then centrifuged at 850 rpm for 3 minutes to remove excess buffer and Fluo-4 AM calcium indicator.
- pelleted cells were re-suspended in 10 ml assay buffer and 90 ⁇ l aliquots (50,000 cells) per well delivered to a 96-well assay plate containing 10 ⁇ l of test compounds (1 mM in assay buffer, final concentration 100 ⁇ M) or buffer control and incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, a plate was placed into a fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR384 from Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, Calif.) and basal fluorescence recorded (excitation wave length 488 nm and emission wave length 510 nm). Then 20 ⁇ l of 100 mM of TRPM8 agonist WS5 coolant in the assay buffer was added and fluorescence recorded.
- FLIPR384 fluorometric imaging plate reader
- the intracellular calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) level from transfected cells with the TRPA1 receptor sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) was measured.
- HEK-293 cells stably transfected with human TRPA1 were grown in 15 ml growth medium (high glucose DMEM (Dulbecco's Modification of Eagle's Medium) supplemented with 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum), 100 ⁇ g/ml penicillin/streptomycin, 100 ⁇ g/ml G418) in a 75 cm 2 flask for 3 days at 37° C. in a mammalian cell culture incubator set at 5% CO 2 .
- high glucose DMEM Dulbecco's Modification of Eagle's Medium
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- penicillin/streptomycin 100 ⁇ g/ml G418
- Cells were detached with addition of 10 ml of PBS (phosphate buffered saline) by hand shaking gently and transferred to a 50 ml tube and centrifuged at 850 rpm for 3 minutes to remove PBS. After centrifugation, a pellet of cells was formed in the bottom of the tube separating them from the supernatant solution. The supernatant was discarded and the cell pellet suspended in 1 ml of fresh growth medium to which 5 ⁇ l (12.5 ⁇ g) of Fluo-4 AM (Molecular Probes, Inc.) calcium indicator was added and incubated for 30 minutes with gentle shaking.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- assay buffer (1 ⁇ HBSS (Hank's Balanced Salt Solution), 20 mM HEPES (4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid) was added to wash the cells and the resulting combination was then centrifuged at 850 rpm for 3 minutes to remove excess buffer and Fluo-4 AM calcium indicator.
- pelleted cells were re-suspended in 10 ml assay buffer and 90 ⁇ l aliquots ( ⁇ 50,000 cells) per well delivered to a 96-well assay was placed into a fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR TETRA from Molecular Devices) and basal fluorescence recorded (excitation wave length 488 nm and emission wave length 510 nm). Then 20 ⁇ l of the test compound being tested was added and fluorescence recorded (TABLES 2 and 3).
- FLIPR TETRA fluorometric imaging plate reader
- a compound was an agonist the direct effect of a test compound was determined. If any increase in fluorescence over background was noted, then the compound was considered an agonist. The agonist activity was expressed relative to that observed with a benchmark agonist such as 50 ⁇ M allyl isothiocyanate for TRPA1.
- the intracellular calcium ion (Ca +2 ) levels from cells transfected with the TRPV1 receptor sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) were measured.
- HEK-239 cells stably transfected with human TRPV1 were grown in 15 ml growth medium (high glucose DMEM (Dulbecco's Modification of Eagle's Medium) supplemented with 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum), 100 ⁇ g/ml Penicillin/streptomycin, 100 ⁇ g/ml G418) in a 75 cm 2 flask for 3 days at 33° C. in a mammalian cell culture incubator set at 5% CO 2 .
- high glucose DMEM Dulbecco's Modification of Eagle's Medium
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- Penicillin/streptomycin 100 ⁇ g/ml G418
- Cells were detached with addition of 10 ml of PBS (phosphate buffered saline) by gentle hand shaking. Cells were transferred to a 50 ml tube and centrifuged at 850 rpm for 3 minutes to remove PBS. After centrifugation, a pellet of cells formed in the bottom of the tube separating them from the supernatant solution. The supernatant was discarded and the cell pellet suspended in 1 ml of fresh growth medium to which 5 ⁇ l (12.5 ⁇ g) of Fluo-4 AM (Molecular Probes, Inc., Eugene, Oreg.) calcium indicator was added and incubated for 30 minutes with gentle shaking.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- assay buffer (1 ⁇ HBSS (Hank's Balanced Salt Solution), 20 mM HEPES (4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid) was added to wash the cells and the resulting combination was then centrifuged at 850 rpm for 3 minutes to remove excess buffer and Fluo-4 AM calcium indicator.
- the pelleted cells were re-suspended in 10 ml assay buffer and 90 ⁇ l aliquots ( ⁇ 50,000 cells) per well delivered to a 96-well assay plate was placed into a fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR TETRA from Molecular Devices) and basal fluorescence recorded (excitation wave length 488 nm and emission wave length 510 nm). Then 20 ⁇ l of a test compound-being tested as a TRPV1 receptor agonist was added and fluorescence recorded. The observed value with compound pretreated cells was compared with buffer control; the difference between the two indicating a measure of effect of the test compound on the agonist (TABLES 2 and 3).
- the compound was considered an agonist.
- the agonist activity was expressed relative to that observed with a benchmark agonist such as 350 nM Capsaicin for TRPV1.
- TABLE 2 illustrates the concentration of each test compound when it was tested across the HEK 293 receptor containing cells.
- TABLE 3 showed the cell based receptor activity across the three receptors (TRPM8, TRPA1, and TRPV1). Compound 28 had surprisingly high activity across all three receptors, indicating it could deliver a variety of sensations depending on the concentration, when tested in vivo.
- TABLE 3 shows the impact of each structure on the following receptors: TRPM8 (cooling); TRPA1 (burning, numbing, tingling, irritation); and TRPV1 (warming).
- TRPM8 cooling
- TRPA1 burning, numbing, tingling, irritation
- TRPV1 warming
- the intensity of the described test compound across three receptors (TRPM8, TRPA1, and TRPV1) was compared to that of the control test compounds (WS5 for TRPM8, Allyl Isothiocyanate for TRPA1, and Capsaicin for TRPV1).
- the aminoethane moiety on compounds 773 and 777 directed the underlying phenyl cyclohexanecarboxamide to shift from perceived cooling to burning (high TRPA1 activity from 777) and warming (high TRPV1 activity from 773).
- Compounds 28 and 30 show additional structures with the aforementioned moieties 2-amino-propanamide adjacent to a phenyl ring for cooling; and ethanolamine adjacent to a phenyl ring for warming and/or burning sensations.
- the aminoethane is off a phenyl ring, the sensorial component of the molecule appeared to diminish, as shown by the lack of sensation, cooling or warming, from test compound 30.
- the aminoethane (test compound 777) on a naphthalene moiety delivered a burning sensation.
- Compound 28 was highly potent on activation of the TRPM8 receptor as shown in TABLE 3 and in the reported cooling sensations by the panelists.
- test compounds from TABLE 1 were placed into dentifrice 4C-4G, shown in TABLE 4 and rated for their intensity and duration of cooling, as shown in TABLES 5 and 6.
- the scale was 0, which is no cooling sensation, to 90, which is a sensation as cold as ice.
- Results shown in TABLES 5 and 6 showed that compound 28, shown in TABLE 1, delivered intense long-lasting cooling even at a low concentration of 10 parts per million, where compound 180 at 100 parts per million was less intense over 60 minutes.
- Compound 28 provided a cooling sensation from 15 minutes through the duration of the test. Most panelists commented on the sensation lasting for more than 3 hours.
- the intensity of the cooling was amplified with the drinking of water, as panelists noticed that it provided a burst of cooling sensation after the water had flowed over the soft tissues of the gum and throat.
- Compound 776 also displayed intense cooling that lasted for two to three hours, even though it was not as intense as compound 28.
- Peppermint contains predominantly TRPM8 agonists, though with much lower TRPM8 EC50's than compound 28, and thus would be synergistic with a cooling signal.
- addition of calcium channel enhancers (calcium soluble chelants), as exemplified in US Pub. No. 2010/0086498, may provide an additional boost to the perceived cooling by amplifying the TRPM8 sensation.
- coolant enhancers would be phytic acid, polyphosphates with a chain length of greater than or equal to 3, carboxylate polymers, such as Gantrez S-97, and polyols.
- Cooling can be further enhanced by combining with select TRPV1 warming agents.
- TRPV1 warming agents would be capsaicin, vanillyl butyl ether, vanillyl ethyl ether, zingerone, and piperine.
- Other warming agents have previously been described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,673,844.
- Combinations of compound 28 with other TRPM8 coolants may provide a quicker onset of cooling with a higher intensity than either used alone. Combining compound 28 with another coolant would allow for even less of compound 28 to be used while still providing considerable (>3 hours) freshness longevity, which may be perceived as a cooling sensation.
- coolant combinations include WS23, menthane diols, menthyl carboxamide derivatives, such as WS3, WS5, N-(4-cyanomethylphenyl)-p-menthanecarboxamide, and WS12.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 UV analysis of compound 28-fractions 1 and 2 are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , respectively, indicating excellent retention time repeatability and a very good separation of the isomers found within these mixtures.
- FIG. 3 provides a UV overlay of a representative analysis from fraction 1 and fraction 2, highlighting the differences in isomeric composition for these two fractions of compound 28.
- FIG. 3 shows the HPLC of the isomers of compound 28.
- the fraction labeled fraction 1, collected at 7.4 to 7.5 minutes corresponds to the main isomer and lesser isomers that deliver the intense cooling and a low EC50 as determined from the TRPM8 activity as shown in TABLES 7, 8 and 9 below.
- the fraction labeled fraction 2, collected from 7.20 to 7.38 minutes corresponded to the isomers of compound 28 with much lower TRPM8 values, which did not provide a cooling response at the dose tested as shown in TABLES 7, 8 and 9.
- TRPM8 activation was determined by measuring intracellular calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) level from transfected cells with the TRPM8 receptor gene, as described in EXAMPLE 1, the results of which are shown in TABLES 7 and 8.
- the levels of use may be from about 10% to about 70% of fraction 1 and about 10% to about 70% of fraction 2 or from about 30% to about 60% of fraction 1 and about 30% to about 60% of fraction 2.
- the level of use of a TRPA1 or TRPV1 agonist would be in the range of about 0.001% to about 0.5% or from about 0.01% to about 0.2% by weight of the composition of either the TRPA1 or TRPV1 agonists, where both TRPA1 agonists and/or TRPV1 agonists may be added separately or simultaneously to the composition containing compound 28.
- the level of use of the additional TRPM8 agonist may be from about 0.001% to about 0.5% or from about 0.005% to about 0.3% by weight of the composition.
- compositions of the present invention may contain multiple TRPA1 and TRPV1 agonists in the ranges disclosed above to deliver the enhanced sensorial signal from compound 28.
- the levels of use may be from about 10% to about 70% of fraction 1 and about 10% to about 70% of fraction 2 or from about 30% to about 60% of fraction 1 and about 30% to about 60% of fraction 2.
- the level of use of a TRPA1 or TRPV1 agonist may be in the range of from about 0.001% to about 0.5% or from about 0.01% to about 0.2% by weight of the composition of either of the TRPA1 or TRPV1 agonists, where both TRPA1 agonists and TRPV1 agonists may be added separately or simultaneously to the composition containing compound 28.
- the level of use of the additional TRPM8 agonist may be from about 0.001% to about 0.5% or from about 0.005% to about 0.3% by weight of the composition.
- TRPM8 enhancer in addition to compound 28, it may be used in levels of from about 0.001% to about 0.2% or from about 0.005% to about 0.1% by weight of the composition.
- the compositions may contain multiple TRPA1 and TRPV1 agonists in the ranges stated to deliver the enhanced sensorial signal from compound 28.
- Mouthwashes were prepared, using conventional methods, which contained either fraction 1 or fraction 2 of compound 28 and provided to panelists to assess their cooling properties.
- the panelists swished the mouthwash in their mouths for 1 minute prior to expectoration. After expectoration, the time point of zero was started and time after rinse was counted from there until 12 hours.
- the panelists then rated the perceived refreshing experience as experienced by breathing in and noting the cool/refreshing sensation on the interior of the mouth and across the lips.
- the self-rated scale was from zero (no cooling) to 100 (maximum cooling).
- the chewing gum formulations shown in TABLE 13 were prepared by melting chewing gum base in a microwave in 20 second increments until softened. Magnesium stearate was spread on a piece of wax paper and the softened chewing gum base was placed on the magnesium stearate coated portion of the wax paper. The gum base was coated with the magnesium stearate and kneaded with gloved hands until soft. The gum base was pressed to 1 ⁇ 4 inch thick slabs; powdered sweetener and spray dried powdered flavor were added to the center of the surface of the gum.
- TABLE 14 shows the results of panelists sampling chewing gum controls and chewing gum containing compound 28 fraction 1.
- Panelists chewed the gum for 30 minutes and rated the in use chewing attributes of the gum. Those attributes were sweetness, flavor intensity, cooling, bitterness, and perception of freshness. The panelists rated these attributes on a 0 (no sensation of the attribute) to 100 (maximum sensation of the attribute). The data was reported on a gum without the coolant (control) compared to a gum containing compound 28 fraction 1.
- the gum containing compound 28 fraction 1 showed improvements in the in use sweetness profile, as shown in TABLE 14.
- the panelists After the panelists stopped chewing the gum as described above, they continued to rate the perception of freshness of their breath and mouth, as shown in TABLE 15.
- the panelists monitored the perception of freshness delivered from the gum after use by breathing in and noting the cool sensation, along with the perception of taste, and the overall perceived feeling in their mouth and on their lips. They rated from 0 (no perception of freshness) to 100 (maximum perception of freshness) over the course of 4 hours, rating at each hour. The data is reported in Table 15 below.
- TABLES 16 and 17 show shave prep compositions.
- the water soluble polymers poly-ethylene oxide, hydroxyethylcellulose
- the aqueous mixture was then heated and the glyceryl oleate, sorbitol and fatty acids added at about 60° C. and mixed by stifling well while the heating continues.
- the triethanolamine was added and mixed for about 20 minutes to form the aqueous soap phase.
- the remaining components i.e., Lubrajel, glycerin, fragrance, colorant, botanicals
- Water was added if required to bring the batch weight to 100%, thereby compensating for any water loss due to evaporation.
- the concentrate was then combined with the volatile post-foaming agent under pressure within the filling line and filled into bottom-gassed aerosol cans with shearing through the valve under nitrogen pressure.
- the pre-shave prep samples shown in TABLE 17 were made by weighing out the water in a vessel sufficient to hold the entire batch. Inserted an overhead mixer with impeller into the vessel and increase agitation to create a vortex. Pre-blended the thickener and polymer powders (Polyox and HEC). Sprinkled the polymer blend into the vortex until incorporated. Heated batch to 70° C. to hydrate the polymers. Added the liquid dispersion polymer (e.g., Sepigel) to the batch and mixed until uniform and hydrated, increasing rpms to maintain good mixing. Added the surfactant (e.g., Schweizer 35) and mixed until uniform and dispersed. Cooled batch to below 45° C. Once below 45° C., added the perfume, preservatives and other temperature-sensitive additives. Cooled to below 35° C. and QS with water.
- liquid dispersion polymer e.g., Sepigel
- surfactant e.g., Schweizer 35
- Samples 6-10, in TABLE 20, provided a cooling sensation to consumers in comparison to Samples 1-5, in TABLE 19.
- Samples 16-20, TABLE 22 there was a cooling sensation to consumers in comparison to Samples 11-15, in TABLE 21.
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- 2015-04-23 WO PCT/US2015/027194 patent/WO2015164553A1/en active Application Filing
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- 2015-04-23 RU RU2016138746A patent/RU2016138746A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
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- 2015-04-23 AU AU2015249706A patent/AU2015249706A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CA2944160A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
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