Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D207/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D207/12—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
  • A61K33/06—Aluminium, calcium or magnesium; Compounds thereof, e.g. clay
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
  • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
  • A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K8/4906—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with one nitrogen as the only hetero atom
  • A61K8/4913—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with one nitrogen as the only hetero atom having five membered rings, e.g. pyrrolidone carboxylic acid
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/06—Ointments; Bases therefor; Other semi-solid forms, e.g. creams, sticks, gels
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/08—Solutions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q15/00—Anti-perspirants or body deodorants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
  • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
  • A61K47/12—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
  • A61K47/24—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogen, nitrogen or sulfur, e.g. cyclomethicone or phospholipids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
  • A61K47/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyesters, polyamino acids, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, copolymers of polyalkylene glycol or poloxamers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
  • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
  • A61K47/38—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof

Definitions

• Glycopyrrolate is among the quaternary ammonium anticholinergics which have reduced CNS-related side effects as they cannot cross the blood-brain barrier; however, because glycopyrrolate is eliminated mainly as unchanged drug or active metabolite, its topical administration is often associated with common undesirable anticholinergic systemic side effects.
• the soft drug approach has been applied in a number of different designs starting from various lead compounds.
• Hyperhidrosis is an idiopathic pathological condition characterized by excessive, uncontrollable sweating beyond that required to cool the body. Hyperfunction of the sweat glands and disturbance of their cholinergic stimulation have been described as possible causes of this condition.
• Hyperhidrosis most often involves one or several anatomic areas, especially the hands, axillae, feet or face, although it can even involve the whole body. Axillary hyperhidrosis is the most common form, followed by palmar hyperhidrosis. Aluminum and other polycationic-based antiperspirants alone are generally not effective in treating this excessive perspiration. Oral medications are occasionally beneficial, but may have side effects.
• Botulinum toxin injections are painful, expensive and need to be repeated every 6 months to achieve the desired benefit.
• Iontophoresis has limited efficacy and cannot be used for axillary areas and although the surgery affords permanent benefit in some 40% to 90% of affected individuals, it is invasive, requires general anesthesia and is not without potential side effects. As many as 50% of persons who have undergone thoracic sympathectomy develop compensatory and annoying sweating of the trunk or thighs.
• Topical formulations comprising soft anticholinergic analogs, such as esters of glycopyrrolate, have been proposed for use in treating hyperhidrosis; however, stable, pharmaceutically acceptable formulations which can meet regulatory requirements or provide commercially viable shelf-life for such products have been elusive.
• a stable, pharmaceutically acceptable, and commercially viable formulation for a topically administered composition comprising a soft anticholinergic analog have been proposed for use in treating hyperhidrosis; however, stable, pharmaceutically acceptable formulations which can meet regulatory requirements or provide commercially viable shelf-life for such products have been elusive.
• a composition of the invention comprises at least one soft anticholinergic agent in an effective amount or concentration that can inhibit excessive perspiration resulting from a condition such as hyperhidrosis.
• a topical composition comprising at least one of a compound having the formula (1):
• R is methyl or ethyl, said compound having the R, S, or RS steroisomeric configuration at the 2 position and 1′ and 3′ position, or being a mixture thereof.
• One preferred embodiment of a topical composition of the invention comprises at least one of a compound having the following stereospecific formula (2):
• R is methyl or ethyl, said compound having the R stereoisomeric configuration at the 2 position and having R, S, or RS steroisomeric configuration at the 1′ and 3′ position (designated by asterisks), or being a mixture thereof.
• the subject invention further includes a topical pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more of the compounds of the foregoing formula, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
• a composition of the invention can further comprise one or more of the compounds of the foregoing formula and, optionally, another active agent, such as an antiperspirant, e.g., aluminum chloride.
• a composition of the subject invention can be formulated as a solid or semi-solid, powder, gel, cream, lotion, foam, solution, suspension, aerosol, patch, wipes or emulsion, or the like, and is preferably formulated for topical application for the treatment, prevention, or amelioration of hyperhidrosis. More preferably, a composition of the invention is formulated as an anhydrous topical gel, which can provide certain advantages, including superior stability or increased shelf-life for the composition, as well as the benefit of minimizing or eliminating the need for a separate preservative in the composition.
• a topical anhydrous gel composition of the invention includes properties such fast drying time, limited residue on the skin or clothing, and facilitation of a capability to be dispensed in metered amounts of product per application.
• a formulation of the invention can further mask stickiness properties that some soft-anticholinergics, such as certain compounds described herein, may have.
• One preferred formulation comprises about 0.1% to about 30% of the compound in 70-99.9% of a non-aqueous solvent, such as an alcohol, e.g., ethanol, isopropanol, methanol, or the like.
• a non-aqueous solvent such as an alcohol, e.g., ethanol, isopropanol, methanol, or the like.
• the formulation of the invention can further include one or more additional excipient, including a gelling or viscosity controlling excipient, which can, itself, be anhydrous or non-aqueous.
• a method for treating, preventing, or ameliorating hyperhidrosis in a subject can comprise:
• Another embodiment of a method for treating, preventing, or ameliorating hyperhidrosis in a subject can comprise:
• the method can provide reduction of excessive sweating for up to about 48 hours.
• topical administration of the composition can unexpectedly provide a reduction in sweat production, as compared to baseline conditions, for at least about six (6) hours by an amount which is substantially equivalent to the reduction of sweat production resulting from administration of a composition comprising an equivalent concentration of glycopyrrolate, also compared to baseline conditions.
• Soft ester analogues of glycopyrrolate were previously believed to require up to 5-10 times the concentration of glycopyrrolate to provide substantially equivalent activity.
• a method of the invention is preferably carried out by administration of the composition to a human subject, applied topically, to the skin of the subject at a superficial anatomic area in need of sweat reduction.
• the anatomic area for application or administration of the composition is selected from a hand palm area, a foot plantar area, a groin area, an axilla area, and facial area of the subject.
• the subject method can reduce sweat production by about 25% to about 99%, preferably by about 30% to about 90%, more preferably by at least 50%, which can be a clinically significant endpoint for an indication for treating hyperhidrosis.
• the method can employ the composition formulated as a solid or semi-solid, powder, gel, cream, lotion, foam, solution, suspension, aerosol, patch, wipes or emulsion, or the like and preferably comprises about 0.1% to about 30% concentration of the compound, more preferably about 1% to about 20% concentration of the compound, and most preferably about 2% to about 10% concentration of the compound.
• a method in accordance with the subject invention can comprise topically administering to a subject as needed (prn), a composition of the invention.
• Administrations are preferably at least one time per week, more preferably at least three to four times per week (e.g., every other day), or can be administered more frequently such as once-daily (QD), for example, before bedtime (typically, at night) or after the subject awakens (typically in the morning, and preferably after a bath or shower); twice-daily (BID), e.g., every 10-12 hours; thrice-daily (TID), e.g., every 6-9 hours; four times-daily (QID), e.g., every 3-5 hours; with a preferred upper limit of about 6-8 doses or applications per day.
• QD once-daily
• TID thrice-daily
• QID times-daily
• the subject method after single or multiple applications can reduce sweat production for a period of about 4 hours to about 24 hours, and preferably for a period of about 6 hours to about 12 hours.
• a preferred composition of the invention comprises:
• a formulation of the subject invention is preferably a gel. Accordingly a more preferred composition comprises:
• the soft glycopyrrolate analogue is a soft anticholinergic ester.
• a preferred non-aqueous solvent can be a low molecular weight alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol.
• an alcohol solvent can provide for a self-preserving composition, which can provide microbial stability to the composition without added preservatives.
• Alcohols and other ingredients can also inhibit bacterial growth and provide deodorant properties to the composition.
• a further advantage of a composition according to the subject invention can be provided by a non-aqueous solvent which is volatile, especially at localized temperatures generated by body heat so that, when topically applied to a subject, provides a rapidly drying composition.
• a preferred gelling or viscosity controlling agent can be a modified cellulose, e.g., hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), such as the commercially available Klucel®, which can preferably provide viscosity of the composition of about 100 to about 10,000 cps.
• HPC hydroxypropyl cellulose
• the terms “comprise(s)” and “comprising” are to be interpreted as having an open-ended meaning. That is, the terms are to be interpreted synonymously with the phrases “having at least” or “including at least”.
• the term “comprising” means that the process includes at least the recited steps, but may include additional steps.
• the term “comprising” means that the composition includes at least the recited features or components, but may also include additional features or components.
• consists essentially of or “consisting essentially of” have a partially closed meaning, that is, they do not permit inclusion of steps or features or components which would substantially change the essential characteristics of a process or composition; for example, steps or features or components which would significantly interfere with the desired properties of the compounds or compositions described herein, i.e., the process or composition is limited to the specified steps or materials and those which do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the invention.
• variable can be equal to any values within that range.
• the variable can be equal to any integer value of the numerical range, including the end-points of the range.
• the variable can be equal to any real value of the numerical range, including the end-points of the range.
• a variable which is described as having values between 0 and 2 can be 0, 1 or 2 for variables which are inherently discrete, and can be 0.0, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, or any other real value for variables which are inherently continuous.
• treating means reducing, hindering or inhibiting the development of, controlling, inhibiting, alleviating and/or reversing the symptoms in the individual to which a composition comprising a compound of the invention has been administered, as compared to the symptoms of an individual not being administered the compound or composition.
• a practitioner will appreciate that the combinations, compositions, dosage forms and methods described herein are to be used in concomitance with continuous clinical evaluations by a skilled practitioner (physician or veterinarian) to determine subsequent therapy. Such evaluation will aid and inform in evaluating whether to increase, reduce or continue a particular treatment dose, and/or to alter the mode of administration.
• the subject compounds or compositions can also prevent the symptoms, or prevent the occurrence of the symptoms in the individual to which a composition comprising a compound of the invention has been administered, as compared to the symptoms of an individual not being administered the compound or composition.
• the methods described herein are intended for use with any subject/patient that may experience their benefits.
• the terms “subjects” as well as “patients,” “individuals” and “warm-blooded animals” include humans as well as non-human subjects, such as animals that may experience excessive sweating.
• R is methyl or ethyl
• the compound can have R, S, or RS steroisomeric configuration at the 2 position and at the 1′ and 3′ positions, or being a mixture thereof.
• R is methyl or ethyl, said compound having the R stereoisomeric configuration at the 2 position and the R, S, or RS stereoisomeric configuration at the 1′ and 3′ positions (designated by asterisks), or being a mixture thereof.
• the above compounds (i)-(xvi) can be used alone or two or more of the above compounds can be used in combination in a single composition.
• Various methods of making the instant compounds are described in the art.
• An anticholinergically effective amount of such an agent inhibits the effect of acetylcholine by blocking its binding to muscarinic cholinergic receptors at neuroeffector sites.
• Subjects in need of a method of eliciting an anticholinergic response are those suffering from conditions which respond to treatment with an anticholinergic agent, including subjects suffering from excessive sweating or hyperhidrosis.
• a compound included in a composition of the invention may be used on its own or combined with other inactive or active substances according to the invention. These include, in particular, antiperspirant active substances such as aluminum chloride, aluminum chlorhydrate, or the like.
• the compound of the invention is typically administered in the form of a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising an anticholinergically effective amount of the compound and a non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carrier therefor.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, or diluents are well-known in the art.
• the carriers may be any inert material, organic or inorganic, powders, liquid, or gases suitable for administration, such as: alcohols, gelatin, gum arabic, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, sodium starch glycolate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium stearate, talcum, colloidal silicon dioxide, and the like.
• a preferred composition of the subject invention is an anhydrous formulation.
• anhydrous is meant that no water or aqueous excipient is added in the formulation.
• Analysis of the final formulation may identify the presence of water, due to hygroscopicity of the one or more active compounds or one or more excipients, the presence of a hydrate form of one or more ingredients in the formulation, or other inherent presence of water.
• a formulation of the subject invention is considered and understood to be “anhydrous.”
• composition of the invention is therefore “substantially free of water” and is substantially free of aqueous excipients, though hydrated forms of ingredients, such as aluminum chlorhydrate used as an antiperspirant, may be included in such anhydrous formulation.
• compositions may also contain other pharmaceutically active agents, as noted above, and/or conventional additives such as solvents, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, buffers, binders, disintegrants, fragrances, lubricants, glidants, antiadherents, propellants, and the like.
• solvents such as solvents, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, buffers, binders, disintegrants, fragrances, lubricants, glidants, antiadherents, propellants, and the like.
• the carrier e.g., non-active ingredient
• a solvent e.g., an alcohol, such as ethanol, isopropanol, or the like, in which the compound is soluble or at least slightly soluble.
• the apparent pH of the composition be acidic (i.e. apparent pH ⁇ 7).
• an alcohol such as isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, or the like can be used alone or as a cosolvent with another non-aqueous solvent.
• the novel composition of the invention can be formulated as a solid, semi-solid, or liquid form, such as powders, solutions, lotions, creams, gels, semi-solid sticks, foams, sprays, aerosols, solutions, suspensions or emulsions, patches, wipes and the like, and is preferably formulated for topical administration.
• a topical preparation formulated as an anhydrous antiperspirant stick, gel, spray, cream, solution, foam, emulsion or the like can be preferred.
• composition of the invention may be administered in the form of liposome or micelle delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles.
• Liposomes can be formed from a variety of phospholipids, such as cholesterol, stearylamine or phosphatidylcholines.
• the active compound In preparing a formulation, it may be necessary to mill the active compound to provide the appropriate particle size prior to combining with the other ingredients. If the active compound is substantially insoluble, it ordinarily is milled to a particle size of less than 200 mesh.
• topical excipients include alcohols, aloe vera gel, hexylene glycol, propylene glycol, dimethicone, PGE, allantoin, glycerin, vitamin A and E oils, mineral oil, PPG2, myristyl propionate lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, starches, gum acacia , calcium phosphate, alginates, tragacanth, gelatin, calcium silicate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, and methyl cellulose.
• the formulations can additionally include: lubricating agents such as talc, magnesium stearate, and mineral oil; wetting agents; emulsifying and suspending agents; preserving agents such as methyl- and propylhydroxy-benzoates; sweetening agents; and flavoring agents.
• lubricating agents such as talc, magnesium stearate, and mineral oil
• wetting agents such as talc, magnesium stearate, and mineral oil
• emulsifying and suspending agents such as methyl- and propylhydroxy-benzoates
• sweetening agents and flavoring agents.
• the compositions of the invention can be formulated so as to provide quick, modified, sustained or delayed release or activity of the active ingredient after administration and/or application to the subject by employing procedures known in the art.
• composition may additionally contain one or more optional additives such as colorants, perfumes, or the like.
• optional additives such as colorants, perfumes, or the like.
• each of these optional additives should be compatible with the active compound.
• Compatible additives are those that do not prevent the use of or result in the degradation of the compound in the manner described herein.
• liquid formulation dosages are expressed based on a percent solution (g/100 ml) or percent concentration (w/v) unless otherwise stated.
• percent concentration can be expressed as mg/mg, or w/w concentrations unless otherwise stated.
• a person of ordinary skill in the art would readily understand the percent concentration in the context of the type of formulation described.
• a therapeutically effective or anticholinergically effective amount of a compound of the invention is from about 0.1% solution (1 mg/ml) to about 100% solution (1,000 mg/ml).
• the topical composition dose is from about 0.1% concentration to about 30% concentration, and is most preferred using a dose application volume of approximately 0.5 to about 1.0 ml of a composition comprising about 3% to about 6%, e.g., about 5%, of the compound per treated area.
• the exact dosage of a compound of the invention can vary depending on its potency, the mode of administration, the application area, the age and weight of the subject and the severity of the condition to be treated.
• the daily dosage may be administered singly or multiply one to four times daily or more.
• Administration prior to bedtime does not imply at night or a particular hour or time of day; rather, before or prior to bedtime means that the composition is preferably administered, generally within about 1-2 hours prior to a person's normal rest or sleep (typically 4 to 10-hour) period.
• a before bedtime administration time can provide a preferred response or activity of the active compounds of the invention.
• Administration of a composition of the invention can provide a substantially identical or similar clinical (sweat reduction) response in a subject, as compared to administration of a composition containing the same concentration of glycopyrrolate.
• administration of a second dose within about 6-10 hours following the initial dose can also be a preferred method of administration or dosing regimen.
• the topical composition for treating hyperhidrosis can be a liquid solution, semi-solid, or solid. Solutions are prepared in the usual way, e.g. with the addition of excipients, and can include preservatives such as p-hydroxybenzoates, or stabilizers such as alkali metal salts of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, optionally using emulsifiers and/or dispersants, and organic solvents may optionally be used as solvating agents or dissolving aids, and transferred into vials, ampules, bottles, tubes, syringes, or the like.
• preservatives such as p-hydroxybenzoates, or stabilizers such as alkali metal salts of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, optionally using emulsifiers and/or dispersants, and organic solvents may optionally be used as solvating agents or dissolving aids, and transferred into vials, ampules, bottles, tubes, syringes
• anhydrous composition of the invention can have the advantage of minimizing, or eliminating, the need for an additional preservative to be included in the formulation.
• a composition of the invention is a substantially “preservative-free” composition.
• preservative-free is meant that the composition, though containing an alcohol or other organic solvent which may provide some preserving properties, no additional preservative component, added specifically for its preservative property, is added to the composition.
• Additional excipients may be used in a composition of the invention, including, for example, pharmaceutically acceptable organic solvents such as paraffins (e.g. petroleum fractions), vegetable oils (e.g. groundnut or sesame oil), mono- or polyfunctional alcohols (e.g. ethanol or glycerol), carriers such as natural mineral powders (e.g. kaolins, clays, talc, chalk), synthetic mineral powders (e.g. highly dispersed silicic acid and silicates), sugars (e.g. cane sugar, lactose and glucose), emulsifiers (e.g.
• pharmaceutically acceptable organic solvents such as paraffins (e.g. petroleum fractions), vegetable oils (e.g. groundnut or sesame oil), mono- or polyfunctional alcohols (e.g. ethanol or glycerol), carriers such as natural mineral powders (e.g. kaolins, clays, talc, chalk), synthetic mineral powders (e.g. highly dispersed silicic
• lignin e.g. lignin, spent sulfite liquors, methylcellulose, starch and polyvinylpyrrolidone
• lubricants e.g. magnesium stearate, talc, stearic acid and sodium lauryl sulphate.
• compositions of the invention can be formulated using known techniques, and are generally accepted as being formulated with commonly known excipients, including preservatives if needed.
• soft glycopyrrolate compounds are water-soluble, or at least partially water-soluble.
• soft glycopyrrolates compounds such as soft anticholinergic analogs (e.g., esters) were earlier described as capable of being be formulated in buffer (aqueous or water-based) solutions.
• this invention concerns the discovery that aqueous components added to the formulation can increase the impurities found in the composition, can decrease the stability of the active compound, and can consequently decrease the shelf-life of the product compared to anhydrous formulations comprising a soft anticholinergic analogue as an active ingredient.
• certain preservatives such as the antioxidant, ascorbic acid
• an aqueous preparation comprising ascorbic acid was found to produce a pink-colored residue on the skin of individuals after a few to several hours following exposure to the preparation.
• a preservative-free composition such as an ascorbic acid-free composition, can therefore provide a further advantage of maintaining a colorless preparation following application and during residence on the skin of a subject.
• a composition comprising citric acid did not result in a pink colored residue following application of the composition to the skin; therefore a composition of the invention can include citric acid as an antioxidant.
• Aqueous, or water-based, topical formulations are the most common in view of the availability of gel-forming components which interact with water to form hydrogels.
• the following examples were conducted using the compound, 3′(R)-[2(R)-cyclopentylphenylhydroxyacetoxy]-1′-methyl-1′-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-pyrrolidinium bromide, (compound (vii) in the above list), which is designated as “BBI-4000” for convenience of reference.
• Table I shows the components included in an aqueous formulations comprising BBI-4000, a soft anticholinergic ester, prepared and subjected to impurity and stability testing:
• the liquid chromatographic system was set-up as follows:
• a second experiment was conducted using a preparation comprising 2% of a soft glycopyrrrolate ester (SGE) in an aqueous buffer system, which was tested for stability at refrigerated, 25° C. (RT), and 40° C., for 7 days, and showed the same trend or similar results.
• SGE soft glycopyrrrolate ester
• the SGE is relatively rapidly degraded and is substantially reduced in less than one week.
• anhydrous formulation For preparing an anhydrous formulation, it is noted that no water or aqueous solution is added to the preparation. Because the raw materials, excipients, and the like are not dried or subjected to any drying process, some water, as residual moisture, may be present.
• the anhydrous formulations are based on: ethanol (solvent), hexylene glycol (moisturizer), and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC, gelling agent), in varying amounts or ratios.
• solvent solvent
• moistureturizer hexylene glycol
• HPC hydroxypropyl cellulose
• a 14-Day dermal and systemic toxicity and toxicokinetics study in Göttingen Minipigs was conducted and completed using a formulation based on Formulations 79-1 and 84-1, above, but having a relatively high concentration of the active drug for testing tolerability.
• the composition of the preparation used in this study included BBI-4000 as active ingredient (except in the vehicle-only control), hydroxypropyl cellulose as a gelling agent, hexylene glycol as an emollient, ascorbic acid or citric acid as antioxidant/pH adjustment and ethanol as the anhydrous vehicle.
• Group 1 Three groups of one male and one female animal were included in the main study, Group 1 receiving vehicle, Group 2 receiving BBI-4000 gel at 10% concentration and Group 3 receiving BBI-4000 gel at 20% concentration. All groups received 2 mL of gel formulation, once a day, for 14 consecutive days, applied to approximately 10% of their body surface area on their back.
• composition was well-tolerated, there was no evidence of erythema or edema in the treated skin of any of the animals.
• Daily observation did not report any abnormality in heart rate or any other parameter.
• Pupil size assessments were reported as normal at all times in all animals. Blood chemistry and hematology parameters were reported within normal ranges. The necropsy did not reveal any abnormalities in any of the animals.
• the estimated BBI-4000 dose applied to the skin in this study was 40 mg/kg/day for Group 3 and 20 mg/kg/day for Group 2.
• Impurity levels determined at time “zero” are shown in Table V, below:
• Formulation No. 84-1 Further stability testing has been completed for a 3-month time-frame, using Formulation No. 84-1, tested at three temperatures: accelerated (40° C.), room temperature (25° C.), and refrigerated (about 4° C.).
• Formulation No. 84-1 was specifically prepared using the following preparation instructions:
• a clinical study to test this formulation is planned, and may include the following:
• Cohort 1 will compare BBI-4000 5% gel versus vehicle in 6-12 subjects following a split-body design (i.e. one axilla will receive BBI-4000 5% gel and the other will receive vehicle);
• Cohort 2 will be initiated after ensuring good tolerability and no significant dose limiting adverse events from cohort 1 and will compare BBI-4000 10% gel versus, BBI-4000 5% gel versus vehicle in 18 subjects following a parallel design.
• study medication will be applied once a day for 14 consecutive days. Visits for each cohort will be scheduled at screening (day ⁇ 3 to ⁇ 7) baseline (Day 1), Day 3, Day 8, Day 15 and Day 16.
• a composition comprising BBI-4000 or comprising vehicle only will be applied once daily in the evening (immediately before bed-time). Subjects will apply 0.5 mL of the corresponding study product covering the entire axilla, as per randomization schedule. Subjects should not shower, bathe, or apply any other product in the axillary area within 6 hours of study drug administration.
• Efficacy will be assessed measuring the change in gravimetrically measure sweat production from baseline to end of treatment and change in HDSS from baseline to end of treatment. Local tolerability assessments (scaling, dryness, erythema, burning, and itching) will also be carried out.

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