US20150258182A1 - Compositions of human prothrombin and activated factor x for improving hemostasis in the treatment of bleeding disorders - Google Patents

Compositions of human prothrombin and activated factor x for improving hemostasis in the treatment of bleeding disorders Download PDF

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US20150258182A1
US20150258182A1 US14/658,006 US201514658006A US2015258182A1 US 20150258182 A1 US20150258182 A1 US 20150258182A1 US 201514658006 A US201514658006 A US 201514658006A US 2015258182 A1 US2015258182 A1 US 2015258182A1
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fii
fxa
composition
less
deficiency
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Michael Dockal
Sabine Knappe
Susanne Till
Friedrich Scheiflinger
Peter Leopold Turecek
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Baxalta GmbH
Baxalta Inc
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Baxter International Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/43—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/46—Hydrolases (3)
    • A61K38/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
    • A61K38/482—Serine endopeptidases (3.4.21)
    • A61K38/4833—Thrombin (3.4.21.5)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/43—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/46—Hydrolases (3)
    • A61K38/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
    • A61K38/482—Serine endopeptidases (3.4.21)
    • A61K38/4846—Factor VII (3.4.21.21); Factor IX (3.4.21.22); Factor Xa (3.4.21.6); Factor XI (3.4.21.27); Factor XII (3.4.21.38)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/43—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/54—Mixtures of enzymes or proenzymes covered by more than a single one of groups A61K38/44 - A61K38/46 or A61K38/51 - A61K38/53
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/04—Antihaemorrhagics; Procoagulants; Haemostatic agents; Antifibrinolytic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Y—ENZYMES
    • C12Y304/00—Hydrolases acting on peptide bonds, i.e. peptidases (3.4)
    • C12Y304/21—Serine endopeptidases (3.4.21)
    • C12Y304/21005—Thrombin (3.4.21.5)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Y—ENZYMES
    • C12Y304/00—Hydrolases acting on peptide bonds, i.e. peptidases (3.4)
    • C12Y304/21—Serine endopeptidases (3.4.21)
    • C12Y304/21006—Coagulation factor Xa (3.4.21.6)

Definitions

  • compositions and methods for improving hemostasis in the treatment of bleeding disorders and reversal of anticoagulant activity Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for improving hemostasis in the treatment of bleeding disorders and reversal of anticoagulant activity.
  • the coagulation cascade by which the human body produces blood clots is the body's primary mechanism to stop bleeding. Blood clots are produced by platelets sticking together in a fibrin matrix to form a plug at an injured blood vessel site. The body's inability to form blood clots can lead to excessive bleeding which can be very dangerous. Blood which cannot clot properly in an individual is often the sign of a bleeding disorder.
  • hemophilia A the most common type of hemophilia, is a largely inherited bleeding disorder in which there is a Factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency.
  • FVIII Factor VIII
  • the development of antibodies, also called inhibitors, against FVIII in response to FVIII replacement therapy is an additional challenge for treatment of hemophilia A.
  • hemophilia B A less common type of hemophilia, hemophilia B, is also a largely inherited bleeding disorder that results in a Factor IX (FIX) deficiency and is also known as “Christmas disease.”
  • FIX Factor IX
  • Christmas disease The development of antibodies, also called inhibitors, against FIX in response to FIX replacement therapy is an additional challenge for treatment of hemophilia B.
  • vWF von Willebrand factor
  • Blood clotting factor which is either lacking or deficient.
  • the factors can either be purified from donated human plasma (plasma-derived factors), or made recombinantly (recombinant factors).
  • Antibodies also called inhibitors
  • the immune system makes antibodies, also called inhibitors, which attack FVIII. This can be very dangerous as the inhibitors can prevent or inhibit FVIII from controlling bleeding. Therefore, in the case of development of inhibitors against the administered clotting factor, bypass therapies have to be applied.
  • Treatment of hemophilia A is complicated by development of FVIII neutralizing antibodies, occurring in about 30% of patients with severe hemophilia A. Similar inhibitory or neutralizing antibody formation can occur in patients treated with FIX or vWF replacement therapy.
  • FEIBA® factor eight inhibitor bypassing activity
  • FII and FXa can either be recombinant or plasma-derived.
  • compositions and methods are directed towards improving hemostasis in the treatment of bleeding disorders and aiding in the reversal of anticoagulant activity.
  • FII prothrombin
  • FXa activated factor X
  • Certain embodiments include a composition for treating a bleeding disorder comprising FII and FXa wherein the molar ratio of FXa to FII is less than 1:20,000.
  • a composition for treating a bleeding disorder comprises about 0.44 mg/kg of FII and about 826 ng/kg of FXa.
  • the composition can comprise about 0.2 mg/kg to about 1 mg/kg of FII and about 560 ng/kg to about 1100 ng/kg of FXa.
  • the composition can comprise about 4.4 mg/kg of FII and about 275 ng/kg of FXa.
  • the composition can comprise about 1.2 mg/kg to about 5 mg/kg of FII and about 200 ng/kg to about 540 ng/kg of FXa.
  • a bleeding disorder can include hemophilia A, hemophilia B, von Willebrand disease, congenital hemophilia A with inhibitors or acquired hemophilia A with inhibitory auto antibodies to FVIII, congenital hemophilia B with inhibitors or acquired hemophilia B with inhibitory auto antibodies to FIX, blood loss from trauma, Factor VII (FVII) deficiency, Factor V (FV) deficiency, Factor X (FX) deficiency, Factor XI (FXI) deficiency, Factor XIII (FXIII) deficiency, fibrinogen deficiency, prothrombin deficiency, dilutional coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, blood loss from high-risk surgeries, intracerebral hemorrhage, von Willebrand disease with inhibitors to von Willebrand factor, or combinations thereof.
  • FVII Factor VII
  • FV Factor V
  • FX Factor X
  • FXI Factor X
  • FII and FXa include a pharmaceutical composition for treating a bleeding disorder comprising FII and FXa wherein the molar ratio of FXa to FII is less than 1:20,000 and at least one excipient.
  • FII and FXa can either be plasma derived or recombinant
  • a pharmaceutical composition can include about 0.44 mg/kg of FII and about 826 ng/kg of FXa and at least one excipient.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can comprise about 0.2 mg/kg to about 1 mg/kg of FII and about 560 ng/kg to about 1100 ng/kg of FXa and at least one excipient.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can comprise about 4.4 mg/kg of FII and about 275 ng/kg of FXa and at least one excipient.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can comprise about 1.2 mg/kg to about 5 mg/kg of FII and about 200 ng/kg to about 540 ng/kg of FXa and at least one excipient.
  • a method of treating a bleeding disorder comprises administering a composition comprising FII and FXa wherein the molar ratio of FXa to FII is less than 1:20,000 is described.
  • FII and FXa can either be recombinant or plasma-derived.
  • compositions for aiding in the reversal of anticoagulant activity comprising FII and FXa wherein the molar ratio of FXa to FII is less than 1:20,000.
  • FII and FXa can either be recombinant or plasma-derived.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating representative thrombin generation profiles of different combinations of human prothrombin (FII) and activated factor X (FXa) in FVIII-inhibited human plasma.
  • FII human prothrombin
  • FXa activated factor X
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating cross-titration of FII and FXa in a calibrated automated thrombography (CAT) assay with FVIII-inhibited human plasma.
  • CAT automated thrombography
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate the acute efficacy of different combinations of FII and FXa in a nail-clip bleeding model in hemophilia-induced rabbits.
  • FIG. 3A is a schematic overview of the experimental procedure.
  • FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating relative blood loss following a nail cut which was monitored for 30 minutes before and after intravenous administration of FII and/or FXa, FEIBA® (positive control), or buffer (negative control). The median for each group is indicated as a black line.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the ex vivo analysis of whole blood samples from FVIII-inhibited rabbits treated with FII and FXa alone or in combination.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the CAT analysis of plasma samples from FVIII-inhibited rabbits treated with FII and FXa alone or in combination.
  • Effective ratios of human prothrombin (FII) and activated factor X (FXa) are herein described to aid in the treatment of bleeding disorders and the reversal of anticoagulant activity.
  • compositions for treating a bleeding disorder comprising FII and FXa wherein the molar ratio of FXa to FII is less than 1:20,000.
  • FII and FXa can either be plasma derived or recombinant.
  • EP 1460131 describes a process for producing recombinant human blood clotting factors in human cell lines.
  • WO 2005/038019 describes producing high yields of coagulation factors recombinantly.
  • the process of isolating coagulation factors from plasma products is also well known in the art.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,883,598 describes the process for isolating coagulation factors from blood plasma or plasma products using liquid chromatography.
  • FEIBA® is a plasma-derived activated prothrombin complex concentrate used to treat bleeding episodes in hemophilic patients with inhibitors.
  • FII and FXa have been identified as the most critical components that mediate the hemostatic effect of FEIBA®.
  • the molar ratio of FXa and FII in FEIBA® ranges from 1:20,000-40,000, i.e. 1 U/mL of FEIBA® results in plasma concentrations of 0.035-0.07 nM FXa and 1400 nM FII.
  • the molar ratio ranges of FXa to FII in FEIBA® results in a high prothrombin requirement which is challenging to produce recombinantly.
  • FII and FX are complex proteins with multiple structural domains and post-translational modifications. Both can be produced recombinantly in mammalian cell lines, e.g. CHO. Factor X needs to be further activated to FXa for co-formulation with FII in the compositions of the present embodiments.
  • Hemophiliac patients “with inhibitors” can mean hemophiliac patients with antibodies, with neutralizing antibodies, with inhibitory antibodies or the like. The inhibitors can develop when an individual with a bleeding disorder is treated with a replacement therapy and the body recognizes the therapy as a threat instead of treatment.
  • a composition for treating bleeding disorders comprises FII and FXa wherein the molar ratio of FXa to FII is less than about 1:20,000, less than about 1:19,000, less than about 1:18,000, less than about 1:17,000, less than about 1:16,000, less than about 1:15,000, less than about 1:14,000, less than about 1:13,000, less than about 1:12,000, less than about 1:11,000, less than about 1:10,000, less than about 1:9,000, less than about 1:8,000, less than about 1:7,000, less than about 1:6,000, less than about 1:5,000, less than about 1:4,000, less than about 1:3,000, less than about 1:2,000, less than about 1:1,000, less than about 1:950, less than about 1:900, less than about 1:850, less than about 1:800, less than about 1:750, less than about 1:700, less than about 1:650, less
  • a composition for treating bleeding disorders comprises FII and FXa wherein the molar ratio of FXa to FII is about 1:19,999, about 1:19,500, about 1:18,500, about 1:17,500, about 1:16,500, about 1:15,500, about 1:14,500, about 1:13,500, about 1:12,500, about 1:11,500, about 1:10,500, about 1:9,500, about 1:8,500, about 1:7,500, about 1:6,500, about 1:5,500, about 1:4,500, about 1:3,500, about 1:2,500, about 1:1,500, about 1:950, about 1:900, about 1:850, about 1:800, about 1:750, about 1:700, about 1:650, about 1:600, about 1:550, about 1:500, about 1:450, about 1:400, about 1:350, about 1:300, about 1:250, about 1:200, about 1:150, about 1:100, about 1:95, about 1:90, about 1:85, about 1:80,
  • a composition for treating bleeding disorders comprises about 0.1 mg/kg of FII and about 800 ng/kg of FXa, about 0.15 mg/kg of FII and about 700 ng/kg of FXa, about 0.2 mg/kg of FII and about 600 ng/kg of FXa, about 0.25 mg/kg of FII and about 500 ng/kg of FXa, about 0.3 mg/kg of FII and about 400 ng/kg of FXa, about 0.35 mg/kg of FII and about 300 ng/kg of FXa, about 0.4 mg/kg of FII and about 200 ng/kg of FXa, about 0.45 mg/kg of FII and about 200 ng/kg of FXa, or about 0.5 mg/kg of FII and about 100 ng/kg of FXa.
  • a composition for treating bleeding disorders comprises about 0.44 mg/kg of FII and about 826 ng/kg of FXa. In other embodiments, a composition for treating bleeding disorders comprises about 4.4 mg/kg of FII and about 275 ng/kg of FXa.
  • a composition for treating bleeding disorders comprises about 0.1 mg/kg to about 0.5 mg/kg of FII and about 600 ng/kg to about 1100 ng/kg of FXa, about 0.5 mg/kg to about 1 mg/kg of FII and about 500 ng/kg to about 1000 ng/kg of FXa, about 1 mg/kg to about 1.5 mg/kg of FII and about 450 ng/kg to about 950 ng/kg of FXa, about 2.0 mg/kg to about 2.5 mg/kg of FII and about 400 ng/kg to about 900 ng/kg of FXa, about 2.5 mg/kg to about 3.0 mg/kg of FII and about 350 ng/kg to about 850 ng/kg of FXa, about 3.5 mg/kg to about 4.5 mg/kg of FII and about 300 ng/kg to about 600 ng/kg of FXa, or about 4.5 mg/kg to about 5.5 mg/kg of FII and about 200 ng/kg to about
  • a composition for treating bleeding disorders comprises about 0.2 mg/kg to about 1 mg/kg of FII and about 560 ng/kg to about 1100 ng/kg of FXa. In yet other embodiments, a composition for treating bleeding disorders comprises about 1.2 mg/kg to about 5 mg/kg of FII and about 200 ng/kg to about 540 ng/kg of FXa.
  • the FXa is approximately 90% FXa ⁇ and 10% FXa ⁇ forms.
  • the FXa can be approximately 100% FXa ⁇ and 0% FXa ⁇ forms, approximately 80% FXa ⁇ and 20% FXa ⁇ forms, approximately 70% FXa ⁇ and 30% FXa ⁇ forms, approximately 60% FXa ⁇ and 40% FXa ⁇ forms, approximately 50% FXa ⁇ and 50% FXa ⁇ forms, approximately 40% FXa ⁇ and 60% FXa ⁇ forms, approximately 30% FXa ⁇ and 70% FXa ⁇ forms, approximately 20% FXa ⁇ and 80% FXa ⁇ forms, approximately 10% FXa ⁇ and 90% FXa ⁇ forms, or approximately 0% FXa ⁇ and 100% FXa ⁇ forms.
  • Bleeding disorders include, but are not limited to, hemophilia A, hemophilia B, von Willebrand disease, congenital hemophilia A with inhibitors or acquired hemophilia A with inhibitory auto antibodies to FVIII, congenital hemophilia B with inhibitors or acquired hemophilia B with inhibitory auto antibodies to FIX, blood loss from trauma, FVII deficiency, FV deficiency, FX deficiency, FXI deficiency, FXIII deficiency, fibrinogen deficiency, prothrombin deficiency, dilutional coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, blood loss from high-risk surgeries, intracerebral hemorrhage, von Willebrand disease with inhibitors to von Willebrand factor, or combinations thereof.
  • Anticoagulants are used to treat and prevent blood clots. Individuals who are at risk at developing a blood clot, or to prevent an existing blood clot from growing, are given an anticoagulant. Those at risk for developing a blood clot include those with atrial fibrillation, a mechanical heart valve, endocarditis, mitral stenosis, certain blood disorders, and those who have had hip replacement surgery or knee replacement surgery. Sometimes reversal of anticoagulants is necessary for example, in situations where there is a high risk of bleeding. The pharmacological effect of some anticoagulants, for example warfarin, can be readily reversed by the administration of vitamin K.
  • compositions disclosed herein when used in non-hemophilic patients for anticoagulant reversal, there are fewer spontaneous clotting events.
  • Routes of administration for the disclosed compositions include, but are not limited to, parenteral injection, intravenous injection, subcutaneous injection, and intramuscular injection.
  • Dosing can be single dosage or cumulative (serial dosing), and can be readily determined by one skilled in the art.
  • treatment of congenital hemophilia may comprise administration of an effective dose of a composition disclosed herein for an entire lifetime.
  • an effective dose of a composition disclosed herein can be administered once to an individual, e.g., as a single injection.
  • treatment of a bleeding disorder may comprise multiple administrations of an effective dose of a composition disclosed herein carried out over a range of time periods, such as, e.g., daily, once every few days, or weekly.
  • a composition disclosed herein can be administered twice or three times weekly to an individual.
  • the timing of administration can vary from individual to individual, depending upon such factors as the severity of an individual's symptoms.
  • an effective dose of a composition disclosed herein can be administered to an individual once a day, or every two to three days, for an indefinite period of time.
  • a person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the condition of the individual can be monitored throughout the course of treatment and that the effective amount of a composition disclosed herein that is administered can be adjusted accordingly.
  • the clinical efficacy can be described by controlling bleeding. Administration can be on demand, prophylactic, pre-operative or peri-operative.
  • Certain embodiments include a pharmaceutical composition for treating bleeding disorders comprising plasma-derived FII and FXa wherein the molar ratio of FXa to FII is less than 1:20,000 and at least one excipient.
  • Excipients include, but are not limited to, water, NaCl or other salts for isotonicity, 5% dextrose in water, buffered solutions with a pH of 2-8, trehalose, manitol, or sorbitol as stabilizers, buffers such as phosphate or acetate buffers, tonicity agents such as salts or amino acids, and surfactant polyoxyethylene-sorbitanmonooleate (TWEEN 80). Further the pharmaceutical composition can be lyophilized.
  • a pharmaceutical composition for treating bleeding disorders comprises at least one excipient, FII and FXa, wherein the molar ratio of FXa to FII is less than about 1:20,000, less than about 1:19,000, less than about 1:18,000, less than about 1:17,000, less than about 1:16,000, less than about 1:15,000, less than about 1:14,000, less than about 1:13,000, less than about 1:12,000, less than about 1:11,000, less than about 1:10,000, less than about 1:9,000, less than about 1:8,000, less than about 1:7,000, less than about 1:6,000, less than about 1:5,000, less than about 1:4,000, less than about 1:3,000, less than about 1:2,000, less than about 1:1,000, less than about 1:950, less than about 1:900, less than about 1:850, less than about 1:800, less than about 1:750, less than about 1:700, less than about 1:650, less than about 1:600, less than about 1:550, less than about 1:500, less than about 1:450, less than
  • a pharmaceutical composition for treating bleeding disorders comprises at least one excipient, FII and FXa, wherein the molar ratio of FXa to FII is about 1:19,999, about 1:19,500, about 1:18,500, about 1:17,500, about 1:16,500, about 1:15,500, about 1:14,500, about 1:13,500, about 1:12,500, about 1:11,500, about 1:10,500, about 1:9,500, about 1:8,500, about 1:7,500, about 1:6,500, about 1:5,500, about 1:4,500, about 1:3,500, about 1:2,500, about 1:1,500, about 1:950, about 1:900, about 1:850, about 1:800, about 1:750, about 1:700, about 1:650, about 1:600, about 1:550, about 1:500, about 1:450, about 1:400, about 1:350, about 1:300, about 1:250, about 1:200, about 1:150, about 1:100, about 1:95, about 1:90, about
  • a pharmaceutical composition for treating bleeding disorders comprises at least one excipient and about 0.1 mg/kg of FII and about 800 ng/kg of FXa, about 0.15 mg/kg of FII and about 700 ng/kg of FXa, about 0.2 mg/kg of FII and about 600 ng/kg of FXa, about 0.25 mg/kg of FII and about 500 ng/kg of FXa, about 0.3 mg/kg of FII and about 400 ng/kg of FXa, about 0.35 mg/kg of FII and about 300 ng/kg of FXa, about 0.4 mg/kg of FII and about 200 ng/kg of FXa, about 0.45 mg/kg of FII and about 200 ng/kg of FXa, or about 0.5 mg/kg of FII and about 100 ng/kg of FXa.
  • a composition for treating bleeding disorders comprises about 0.44 mg/kg of FII and about 826 ng/kg of FXa. In other embodiments, a composition for treating bleeding disorders comprises about 4.4 mg/kg of FII and about 275 ng/kg of FXa.
  • a pharmaceutical composition for treating bleeding disorders comprises at least one excipient and about 0.1 mg/kg to about 0.5 mg/kg of FII and about 600 ng/kg to about 1100 ng/kg of FXa, about 0.5 mg/kg to about 1 mg/kg of FII and about 500 ng/kg to about 1000 ng/kg of FXa, about 1 mg/kg to about 1.5 mg/kg of FII and about 450 ng/kg to about 950 ng/kg of FXa, about 2.0 mg/kg to about 2.5 mg/kg of FII and about 400 ng/kg to about 900 ng/kg of FXa, about 2.5 mg/kg to about 3.0 mg/kg of FII and about 350 ng/kg to about 850 ng/kg of FXa, about 3.5 mg/kg to about 4.5 mg/kg of FII and about 300 ng/kg to about 600 ng/kg of FXa, or about 4.5 mg/kg to about 5.5 mg/kg of FII and
  • a composition for treating bleeding disorders comprises about 0.2 mg/kg to about 1 mg/kg of FII and about 560 ng/kg to about 1100 ng/kg of FXa. In other embodiments, a composition for treating bleeding disorders comprises about 1.2 mg/kg to about 5 mg/kg of FII and about 200 ng/kg to about 540 ng/kg of FXa.
  • FII and FXa a combination of two coagulation factors was generated: human FII and FXa.
  • a human plasma-based calibrated automated thrombography (CAT) assay was applied to identify FII/FXa combinations at specific ratios that had a similar in vitro procoagulant effect in FVIII-inhibited plasma as FEIBA®.
  • Three FII/FXa ratios were selected, translated into preclinical doses and efficacy assessed in a rabbit bleeding model. Three compositions, the first with 100% FII and FXa (same as in FEIBA®), the second with 10% prothrombin and 300% FXa, and FEIBA® showed statistically significant efficacy.
  • the latter dose contains ⁇ 20-fold less FII and 4-fold more FXa compared to previous studies.
  • the dose with 25% FII and 200% FXa was not effective.
  • the observed hemostatic effect appears to be mediated by neither FII nor FXa alone.
  • the ratio of FII and FXa was adjusted so that activity and in vivo efficacy were unaltered and recombinant protein production for a recombinant version of FII/FXa remained feasible.
  • the calibrated automated thrombography (CAT) assay has been used to monitor the pro- and anticoagulant effects of substances in human plasma.
  • the thrombogram describes the concentration of thrombin in clotting plasma and the CAT is therefore a general physiologic function test of the hemostatic system.
  • the assay is based on the measurement of fluorescence that is generated by the cleavage of the fluorogenic substrate Z-G-G-R-AMC by thrombin over time upon initiation of coagulation by Tissue Factor (TF).
  • the assay is performed on a ThrombographTM, a 96-well plate fluorometer available from Thermo Scientific, and uses a thrombin calibrator that is needed to correct for inner filter effect, donor-to-donor variability in color of plasma, substrate depletion and instrumental differences.
  • the procoagulant activity of various combinations of plasma-derived FII (140-1400 nM) and FXa (0.035-0.21 nM) was assessed by CAT in FVIII-inhibited plasma.
  • a normal human plasma pool (George King Biomedical) was treated with 50 Bethesda units (BU)/mL goat anti-FVIII plasma (Baxter).
  • Corn trypsin inhibitor (CTI, 40 ⁇ g/mL, Haematologic Technologies) was added to inhibit pre-activation by factor XIIa. Clotting was triggered with 1 pM TF+4 ⁇ M phospholipids (PL) (PPP LOW reagent, Thrombinoscope BV). Thrombin generation was monitored at 37° C. for 90 min in a Fluoroskan Ascent reader (Thermo Scientific; wavelength 390/460 nm) after recalcification. Duplicate measurements were performed for each sample.
  • a CAT protocol optimized for rabbit plasma (40 ⁇ L/mL CTI, final plasma dilution of 1:3, 0.6 pM TF and 4 ⁇ M PL) was used to confirm in spike-in studies that human FII and FXa are also active in rabbit plasma.
  • the same CAT protocol was used for the analysis of ex vivo rabbit plasma samples in the context of the nail clip bleeding study.
  • FII 105 nM to 1400 nM
  • FXa 0.035 to 0.21 nM
  • a target range for the desired procoagulant activity of FII/FXa was established by testing the effect of 20 different FEIBA® lots at 1 U/mL.
  • the ETP was used as comparative CAT parameter as it showed the most significant change in response to FII/FXa.
  • FII/FXa combinations were identified to lie within the range of FEIBA® activity in correcting thrombin generation in FVIII-inhibited plasma, resulting in 100% to 7.5% prothrombin and 100 to 300% FXa as in FEIBA® (Table 1). A slight decrease in thrombin generation upon FII reduction can be compensated by a moderate increase in FXa. Three combinations were selected to be tested in an in vivo efficacy model in hemophilia A-induced rabbits.
  • FII FXa (% of amount (% of amount FII (nM) FXa (nM) in FEIBA) in FEIBA) Ratio 1400* 0.07* 100 100 20,000* 700 0.07 50 100 10,000 350 0.07 50 100 5000 350 0.14 25 200 2500 140 0.14 10 200 1000 140 0.21 10 300 670 105 0.21 7.5 300 500 (*indicates the ratio as it is found in FEIBA ®. Combinations marked grey were selected for in vivo study.
  • the aim of this proof-of-concept study was to assess the efficacy of three FII/FXa doses administered together or alone in a nail-clip bleeding model in FVIII-inhibited rabbits ( FIG. 3A ).
  • the dose with highest FII amount was 4.4 mg/kg FII+275 ng/kg FXa and is defined as “FEIBA® ratio” and 100% for both FII and FXa.
  • the second dose 1.1 mg/kg FII+551 ng/kg FXa had FII reduced to 25% and FXa increased to 200%.
  • the third dose 0.44 mg/kg FII+826 ng/kg FXa had FII reduced to 10% and FXa increased to 300%.
  • Efficacy was determined for each treatment in terms of reduced blood loss after treatment in comparison to a buffer-only control group.
  • FEIBA® 75 U/kg served as a positive control.
  • Conscious New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits were intravenously administered with 2 mL/kg FVIII inhibitor (17,000 BU/kg) to deplete endogenous FVIII. After approximately 20 mins, the animals were anesthetized by subcutaneous injection with 5 mg/kg xylazine and 75 mg/kg ketamine. Rabbits were laid on a heating pad to prevent hypothermia, and the hair on digit II of the right hind limb shaved. The nail was cut 3 mm from the distal edge of the blood supply matrix 45 min after application of inhibitor plasma. Blood was then collected for 30 min in a tube with saline (room temperature) by immersing the bleeding nail.
  • saline room temperature
  • the saline tubes were exchanged to prevent drying of the inflicted wound.
  • Six male NZW rabbits were used per group. The animals received intravenous treatment with test or control item. Ten min after application of test or control item, the bleeding nail was inserted in a third tube with saline, and blood collected again for 30 min. For each tube, the amount of blood was measured gravimetrically. The experimental procedure is depicted in FIG. 3A . The rabbits were killed at the end of the second observation period by injecting an overdose of pentobarbital.
  • Blood loss within 30 min before and after application of treatment was summarized by treatment group using medians, inter-quartile ranges (IQRs), ranges (minimum to maximum), arithmetic means and coefficients of variation as depicted in FIG. 3B .
  • the efficacious dose of about 826 ng/kg of FXa and about 0.44 mg/kg of FII has a 90% reduced FII amount compared to the FEIBA® ratio.
  • the results demonstrate that lowering the FII amount and slightly increasing FXa is sufficient to correct bleeding in a hemophilia animal model.
  • test and control item were assessed using a nail-clip bleeding model; thrombelastography and CAT assay were performed to gain additional information (see Example 3).
  • Blood samples of FVIII-inhibited rabbits after administration of FEIBA®, FII or FXa alone or in combination, or buffer were analyzed ex vivo by thromboelastography (TEG). Measurements were performed using a TEG hemostasis analyzer 5000 (Haemonetics Corp, USA) at 37° C. Blood was sampled before and 45 min after administration of FVIII-inhibitor plasma, immediately after administration of test or control item, and at the end of the second bleeding observation period (approximately 40 min after test item administration).
  • the TEG run was either stopped after all relevant measurements were obtained or cancelled after 2 h if no clot formed.
  • the TEG parameters of clotting time (R-time), speed of clot formation (K-time) rapidity of clot strengthening (angle) and maximum clot firmness (MA) were recorded.
  • FIG. 5 shows representative thrombin generation profiles for one animal of each dosing group at all four timepoints.
  • the group dosed with FII alone is not represented, but had no effect on thrombin generation.
  • Administration of the positive control 75 U/mL FEIBA®
  • FEIBA® the positive control
  • Combined treatment of FVIII-inhibited rabbits with plasma-derived human FII and FXa showed a beneficial effect on thrombin generation in rabbit plasma and reached ETP values that were closer to the normal baseline than the FEIBA® control.
  • a moderate increase in thrombin generation is preferable over massive thrombin generation as this may be an indicator for thrombogenic activity.

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US11160850B2 (en) 2014-03-14 2021-11-02 Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Compositions of human prothrombin and activated factor X for improving hemostasis in the treatment of bleeding disorders

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US11160850B2 (en) 2014-03-14 2021-11-02 Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Compositions of human prothrombin and activated factor X for improving hemostasis in the treatment of bleeding disorders
WO2018146235A1 (en) * 2017-02-09 2018-08-16 Csl Behring Gmbh A blood coagulation factor replacement product for use in the treatment or prophyl of bleedings
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