US20140245763A1 - High-temperature heat pump and method of using working medium in a high-temperature heat pump - Google Patents

High-temperature heat pump and method of using working medium in a high-temperature heat pump Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140245763A1
US20140245763A1 US14/348,795 US201214348795A US2014245763A1 US 20140245763 A1 US20140245763 A1 US 20140245763A1 US 201214348795 A US201214348795 A US 201214348795A US 2014245763 A1 US2014245763 A1 US 2014245763A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
reservoir
working medium
temperature heat
heat pump
hydrofluoroether
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Abandoned
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US14/348,795
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English (en)
Inventor
Bernd Grommoll
Jochen Schäfer
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
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Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SCHAEFER, JOCHEN, GROMOLL, BERND
Publication of US20140245763A1 publication Critical patent/US20140245763A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/13—Economisers

Definitions

  • a high-temperature heat pump having a fluid circuit for taking up thermal energy through the fluid from at least a first reservoir while performing technical work and for emitting thermal energy through the fluid to at least a second reservoir for heating the at least one second reservoir. Also described below is a method of using a working medium in such a high-temperature heat pump.
  • a heat pump is a machine which, while performing technical work, takes up thermal energy from a reservoir at a relatively low temperature and, together with the driving energy, transfers it as useful heat to a system to be heated at a relatively high temperature.
  • the reservoir at a relatively low temperature can be, for example, air from the environment or liquid and rock in the earth when using geothermal energy.
  • Heat pumps can be used to heat buildings or to obtain heat for technical processes in industry.
  • High-temperature heat pumps feed useful heat to a system to be heated which is at a high temperature level.
  • a high temperature level or relatively high temperature is to be understood to mean, for example, temperatures above 70° C.
  • the temperatures which can be achieved with the aid of heat pumps for heating depend largely on the working medium used in the heat pump.
  • the working medium is generally a fluid, which is liquefied in the event of compression under pressure and emits thermal energy. In the event of expansion to form a gas, the fluid cools and can take up thermal energy from the first reservoir. In the circuit, a quantity of heat can thus be transferred continuously or in pulses from a cooler reservoir to a hotter reservoir with the application of mechanical energy.
  • the temperature which can be achieved by a heat pump during heating depends not only on the working medium used but also on the pressure in the condenser.
  • the working medium is liquefied with take-up of a quantity of heat from the first, relatively cool reservoir.
  • carbon dioxide is used as the working medium, for example.
  • the boiling point of carbon dioxide at 1 bar is, for example, ⁇ 57° C.
  • the liquefying temperature at 26 bar is, for example, ⁇ 26° C.
  • the critical temperature of carbon dioxide is merely 31° C. Above this temperature, carbon dioxide can no longer be liquefied, even with the application of extremely high pressures.
  • Hydrocarbons such as butane or pentane are better suited to providing heat at a high temperature level on account of their physical properties.
  • Butane has, for example, a boiling point of ⁇ 12° C. at 1 bar and a liquefying temperature of 114° C. at 26 bar.
  • the use thereof is problematic for safety-related reasons.
  • a high-temperature heat pump and a method of using a working medium in a high-temperature heat pump which are suitable for providing heat at high temperatures, for example higher than 70° C., are environmentally friendly and can be operated easily, at low cost and without a high risk, e.g. owing to a low combustibility.
  • the high-temperature heat pump described below has a fluid circuit for taking up thermal energy through a fluid from at least a first reservoir while performing technical work and for emitting thermal energy through the fluid to at least a second reservoir for heating the at least one second reservoir.
  • the fluid circuit is filled with a hydrofluoroether or with fluoroketone as the fluid or working medium. It is also possible to use mixtures of hydrofluoroether and fluoroketone.
  • Hydrofluoroether or fluoroketone are incombustible and can therefore be used safely, for example in processes at a high temperature. Hydrofluoroether or fluoroketone are environmentally friendly, since no contribution is made to global warming or to an increase in the ozone hole by these substance classes.
  • the known hydrofluoroethers or fluoroketones have higher critical temperatures than, for example, carbon dioxide. As a result, the majority of the quantity of heat taken up can be emitted again at one temperature, specifically the condensation temperature, after compression. This makes it easier to utilize the heat, for example during process steam provision.
  • transcritical means that, compared to a subcritical procedure, in which the working medium is liquefied at a constant temperature, in a transcritical procedure the heat is emitted smoothly in the supercritical range, i.e. in the case of a change in temperature.
  • the high-temperature heat pump described below has at least one evaporator, at least one compressor, at least one condenser and/or at least one throttle as part of the fluid circuit.
  • the individual components are known from, e.g. from DE 10 2007 010 646 A1.
  • expansion valve can also be used as a synonym for the throttle, depending on the function of the component.
  • the fluid flowing in the fluid circuit is compressed in the compressor, cools in the condenser, emitting a quantity of heat to the second reservoir, and flows, depending on the opening of the throttle, at a given rate or with a given pressure reduction through the throttle into the evaporator, where it expands and extracts a quantity of heat from the first reservoir.
  • a multi-stage compressor in particular a two-stage compressor, can be used as the compressor.
  • Multi-stage compression increases the coefficient of performance of the high-temperature heat exchanger.
  • An economizer can be part of the fluid circuit.
  • An economizer is an additional intermediate heat exchanger in the fluid circuit. It transfers some of the heat present in the liquid working medium after the emission of heat to the second reservoir to the gaseous, superheated working medium upstream of the compressor. This makes it possible to achieve, for example, intense superheating of the working medium as a suction gas, as a result of which compression in the wet-steam zone of the working medium can be ensured.
  • the economizer leads to an increase in the efficiency of the high-temperature heat exchanger.
  • the fluid circuit can be closed or completed.
  • a completed fluid circuit can be selected specifically with respect to the avoidance of losses of working medium.
  • the hydrofluoroether can be a hydrofluoroether having the chemical formula C x F y ⁇ O—C m H n , where x is 3, y is 7, m is 1 and n is 3, or x is 4, y is 9, m is 1 and n is 3, or x is 4, y is 9, m is 2 and n is 5, or x is 6, y is 13, m is 1 and n is 3.
  • the hydrofluoroether can also be a hydrofluoroether having the chemical formula C 3 F 7 CF(OC 2 H 5 )CF(CF 3 ) 2 .
  • the hydrofluoroether can be a hydrofluoroether having the chemical formula CH 3 CHO(CF 2 CFHCF 3 ) 2 .
  • fluoroketone having the chemical formula CF 3 CF 2 C(O)CF(CF 3 ) 2 as the fluid.
  • CF 3 CF 2 C(O)CF(CF 3 ) 2 As the working medium in the high-temperature heat exchanger, it is also possible to use other hydrofluoroethers or fluoroketones with good thermal properties, and also mixtures of different hydrofluoroethers or fluoroketones.
  • the method of using a working medium in a high-temperature heat pump includes the fact that the working medium, as it flows in a fluid circuit, takes up thermal energy from at least a first reservoir while performing technical work and emits thermal energy to at least a second reservoir for heating the at least one second reservoir.
  • hydrofluoroether or fluoroketone is used as the working medium.
  • the thermal energy can be emitted to the at least one second reservoir after compression of the working medium, at or in the range of the condensation temperature of the working medium.
  • the thermal energy can be utilized for process steam provision.
  • the at least one second reservoir, to which the thermal energy is emitted, can be at a temperature of greater than 70° C.
  • the high-temperature heat pump can be operated in transcritical form to achieve high temperatures at a low pressure.
  • the working medium can be compressed in multiple stages, in particular two stages.
  • the gaseous working medium can be severely superheated, so that in each case the compression has been completed entirely upstream of a wet-steam zone of the high-temperature heat exchanger.
  • the superheating can be performed by an economizer, in particular with a transfer of the heat at the end of a high-pressure heat exchanger or of the condenser to the outlet of the working medium at the evaporator.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a high-temperature heat pump
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a high-temperature heat pump as shown in FIG. 1 additionally with multi-stage compression and an economizer.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a high-temperature heat pump.
  • the high-temperature heat pump includes a fluid circuit 1 , in which a hydrofluoroether or fluoroketone flows as the working medium.
  • the hydrofluoroether or the fluoroketone is a fluid which can be present in liquid or gaseous form.
  • hydrofluoroether consideration is given inter alia to substances having the chemical formula C x F y —O—C m H n , where x is 3, y is 7, m is 1 and n is 3, or x is 4, y is 9, m is 1 and n is 3, or x is 4, y is 9, m is 2 and n is 5, or x is 6, y is 13, m is 1 and n is 3, or substances having the chemical formula C 3 F 7 CF(OC 2 H 5 )CF(CF 3 ) 2 or CH 3 CHO(CF 2 CFHCF 3 ) 2 , or, as fluoroketone, consideration is given to a substance having the chemical formula CF 3 CF 2 C(O)CF(CF 3 ) 2 . It is also possible to use other hydrofluoroethers or fluoroketones with suitable physical properties for providing heat at a high temperature level.
  • a first reservoir 2 is in thermal contact with an evaporator 4 .
  • a second reservoir 3 is in thermal contact with a condenser 6 for the working medium.
  • the first reservoir 2 is at a temperature T 1 , which is lower than the temperature T 2 of the second reservoir 3 .
  • the temperature T 2 can be higher than 70° C.
  • the working medium In the evaporator 4 , upon expansion of the working medium, the working medium takes up heat, which is withdrawn from the first reservoir 2 .
  • a gaseous working medium is sucked in from the evaporator 4 by a compressor 5 and compressed.
  • the pressure of the working medium thereby increases from a value p 1 to a value p 2 .
  • the working medium at the elevated pressure p 2 from the compressor 5 flows into a condenser 6 , where it is liquefied with emission of heat to the second reservoir 3 .
  • a quantity of heat is thereby transported or pumped from the first reservoir 2 at a relatively low temperature T 1 to the second reservoir 3 at the relatively high temperature T 2 , with work being performed by the compressor 5 .
  • the first reservoir 2 in this case serves as a heat source and heat is fed to the second reservoir 3 via the condenser 6 as a heater.
  • the working medium from the condenser 6 can flow at a high pressure p 2 via a throttle valve 7 back into the evaporator 4 at a pressure p 1 .
  • the fluid circuit 1 is thus closed. If fluid-tight devices 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 and connections, for example pipes and seals, are used, the fluid circuit for the working medium can be completed, such that no working medium is emitted to the environment or lost.
  • the compressor 5 increases the pressure of the working medium from p 1 to p 2 , and the pressure is reduced from p 2 to p 1 by way of the throttle 7 in the form of an expansion valve.
  • the fluid circuit can thus be divided into a cold side at a low pressure p 1 , that is to say a low-pressure side, and into a hot side at a high pressure p 2 , that is to say a high-pressure side.
  • the low-pressure side includes the evaporator 4 and the high-pressure side includes the condenser 6 .
  • an economizer 8 can be used to improve the efficiency of the high-temperature heat exchanger, that is to say the ratio between a pumped quantity of heat and work performed for pumping, e.g. in the form of mechanical work of the compressor 5 .
  • the economizer 8 can be in the form of a heat exchanger, which takes up a quantity of heat from the liquid working medium at the outlet of the condenser 6 and emits it to the gaseous working medium at the outlet of the evaporator 4 .
  • hydrofluoroether or fluoroketone as the working medium or fluid in the high-temperature heat exchanger and method makes it possible to achieve secure, environmentally friendly and effective pumping of heat from the first reservoir 2 at a low temperature T 1 into the second reservoir 3 at a high temperature T 2 .
  • Hydrofluoroether and fluoroketone are incombustible and can therefore be used safely, for example in processes at a high temperature and for compression. Hydrofluoroether and fluoroketone are environmentally friendly, since no contribution is made to global warming or to an increase in the ozone hole by this substance class.
  • the known hydrofluoroethers and fluoroketones have higher critical temperatures than, for example, carbon dioxide, as a result of which the majority of the quantity of heat taken up can be emitted again after compression. With hydrofluoroether and/or fluoroketone, it is possible for high-temperature heat pumps to be operated in transcritical form to achieve very high temperatures, as a result of which only moderate pressures are required, e.g. lower than in the use of carbon dioxide.
  • hydrofluoroether and/or fluoroketone high-temperature heat exchangers and methods have a series of advantages over the prior art, where typical working media include butane, pentane or carbon dioxide.
  • typical working media include butane, pentane or carbon dioxide.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US14/348,795 2011-09-30 2012-09-21 High-temperature heat pump and method of using working medium in a high-temperature heat pump Abandoned US20140245763A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011083840 2011-09-30
DE102011083840.6 2011-09-30
DE102011086476A DE102011086476A1 (de) 2011-09-30 2011-11-16 Hochtemperaturwärmepumpe und Verfahren zur Verwendung eines Arbeitsmediums in einer Hochtemperaturwärmepumpe
DE102011086476.8 2011-11-16
PCT/EP2012/068645 WO2013045361A1 (de) 2011-09-30 2012-09-21 Hochtemperaturwärmepumpe und verfahren zur verwendung eines arbeitsmediums in einer hochtemperaturwärmepumpe

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US20140245763A1 true US20140245763A1 (en) 2014-09-04

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US14/348,795 Abandoned US20140245763A1 (en) 2011-09-30 2012-09-21 High-temperature heat pump and method of using working medium in a high-temperature heat pump

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US (1) US20140245763A1 (ja)
EP (1) EP2742298A1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2014528053A (ja)
CN (1) CN103827599A (ja)
CA (1) CA2850396A1 (ja)
DE (1) DE102011086476A1 (ja)
RU (1) RU2014117522A (ja)
WO (1) WO2013045361A1 (ja)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160138837A1 (en) * 2013-06-14 2016-05-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Heat pump arrangement and method for operating heat pump arrangement
US20160370017A1 (en) * 2013-07-30 2016-12-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Thermal Connection Of A Geothermal Source To A District Heating Network
US11300334B2 (en) 2017-05-12 2022-04-12 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Device and method for increasing the thermal output of a heat source

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TW201829721A (zh) 2013-06-04 2018-08-16 美商杜邦股份有限公司 烷基全氟烯醚及其混合物於高溫熱泵的應用
DE102020117899B4 (de) 2020-07-07 2022-11-17 SPH Sustainable Process Heat GmbH Hochtemperaturwärmepumpe
DE102020118854B4 (de) 2020-07-16 2022-12-29 SPH Sustainable Process Heat GmbH Temperaturmanagementsystem, Wärmepumpe sowie Verfahren zum Regeln einer Schmiermittel-Temperatur
DE102021102648B4 (de) 2021-02-04 2022-11-17 SPH Sustainable Process Heat GmbH Kolbenkompressor, insbesondere für eine Wärmepumpe
EP4095286A1 (de) 2021-05-25 2022-11-30 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Anordnung und verfahren zur umweltfreundlichen erzeugung von wasserstoff
DE102022101440A1 (de) 2022-01-21 2023-07-27 SPH Sustainable Process Heat GmbH Wärmepumpe zur Erzeugung von Prozesswärme

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Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160138837A1 (en) * 2013-06-14 2016-05-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Heat pump arrangement and method for operating heat pump arrangement
US20160370017A1 (en) * 2013-07-30 2016-12-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Thermal Connection Of A Geothermal Source To A District Heating Network
US11300334B2 (en) 2017-05-12 2022-04-12 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Device and method for increasing the thermal output of a heat source

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2742298A1 (de) 2014-06-18
DE102011086476A1 (de) 2013-04-04
JP2014528053A (ja) 2014-10-23
WO2013045361A1 (de) 2013-04-04
CN103827599A (zh) 2014-05-28
CA2850396A1 (en) 2013-04-04
RU2014117522A (ru) 2015-11-10

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