US20140182821A1 - Alloys for a heat exchanger tube having an inner protective cladding and brazed disrupter - Google Patents

Alloys for a heat exchanger tube having an inner protective cladding and brazed disrupter Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140182821A1
US20140182821A1 US14/118,852 US201214118852A US2014182821A1 US 20140182821 A1 US20140182821 A1 US 20140182821A1 US 201214118852 A US201214118852 A US 201214118852A US 2014182821 A1 US2014182821 A1 US 2014182821A1
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Prior art keywords
brazing
alloy
aluminum
assembly
channel
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Elodie Perrin
Sylvain Henry
Lionel Gerber
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Constellium Neuf Brisach SAS
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Constellium France SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/016—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of aluminium or aluminium alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
    • F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
    • F02B29/045—Constructional details of the heat exchangers, e.g. pipes, plates, ribs, insulation, materials, or manufacturing and assembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/29—Constructional details of the coolers, e.g. pipes, plates, ribs, insulation or materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0004—Particular heat storage apparatus
    • F28D2020/0008—Particular heat storage apparatus the heat storage material being enclosed in plate-like or laminated elements, e.g. in plates having internal compartments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0082—Charged air coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
    • F28F19/06—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings of metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of brazing sheets for heat exchanger tubes made from aluminum alloys, particularly those used for cooling or optimization of engine efficiency, and heating or air conditioning of the passenger compartment.
  • This is particularly applicable to heat exchanger tubes subject to a severely corrosive environment such as charged air cooler tubes through which exhaust gas circulation takes place, and usually provided with a turbulator designed to improve heat exchange by increasing the exchange surface area and disturbing internal fluid circulation.
  • Aluminum alloys are used for the fabrication of most automobiles heat exchangers due to their low density which enables a weight saving, particularly compared with copper alloys, while giving good thermal conduction, ease of use and good resistance to corrosion.
  • Exchangers comprise tubes for the circulation of internal fluid and fins or separators, and possibly a turbulator to increase heat transfer between the internal fluid and the external fluid, and they are fabricated either by mechanical assembly or by brazing.
  • CAC Charged Air Coolers
  • the normal configuration is that the core sheet making up the tube (usually called the tube strip) usually made from AA3xxx aluminum alloy, is coated on its external and internal faces with an alloy called the brazing alloy, usually in the AA4xxx series.
  • This has the advantage that it melts at a temperature below the core melting temperature and, through application of a thermal brazing cycle, can create a bond between two materials to be assembled, in other words brazed, or possibly to bond the tube strip onto itself so as to close the tube by brazing, the alternative being welding.
  • FIG. 1 This configuration is shown in FIG. 1 , the core of the tube strip being referenced as mark 2 and its internal and external brazing alloy clads being referenced as mark 1 .
  • the separators placed between the different tube rows are composed of an unclad AA3xxx alloy.
  • the turbulators that are inserted into the tubes are also made from an AA3xxx alloy and are not clad. Inserts are brazed on the tubes by the 4xxx clad on the outside face of the tube.
  • the turbulators are brazed in the tubes by the 4xxx clad on the inside face of the tube.
  • the AA3xxx alloys used for the separators and turbulators may or may not be identical.
  • the AA3xxx alloy used for the tube core is usually a so-called “long-life” alloy, in other words it has good resistance to external saline corrosion.
  • FIG. 2 shows a diagram of such a turbulator tube, the tube being referenced as mark 1 , the turbulator as mark 3 and the brazing alloy clads as mark 2 .
  • exhaust gases that could condense can generate a particularly severe corrosive environment in the cooler, characterized particularly by a low pH (that can significantly be less than 3).
  • One solution known to those skilled in the art consists of inserting intermediate cladding during co-rolling, made from an AA1xxx or AA7xxx alloy, between the tube core alloy and its internal coating made from AA4xxx brazing alloy.
  • Such a configuration is diagrammatically shown in FIG. 3 , the tube core being referenced as mark 3 , the outside coating made from an AA4xxx alloy being referenced as mark 4 , the inside coating also made from an AA4xxx alloy being referenced as mark 1 , and intermediate coating made from an AA1xxx or AA7xxx alloy being referenced as mark 2 .
  • Such a coating acts by limiting diffusion of silicon from the internal cladding to the tube core during brazing, thus improving its corrosion resistance.
  • a sacrificial alloy typically in the AA7xxx series may also be used as the intermediate cladding alloy.
  • Another solution disclosed in applications EP 1762810 A1 and US 2007/0051503 A1 by Behr America Inc. consists of favoring the creation of a “brown band” known to those skilled in the art, between the AA3xxx alloy core of the turbulator and its cladding composed of an AA4xxx alloy (typically AA4045), during the conventional type brazing inside the tube.
  • the tube is also typically made from an AA3xxx alloy clad with AA4xxx on both sides.
  • the tube and the turbulator are actually composed of the same material.
  • the invention is aimed at optimizing the choice of materials or brazing sheets made from aluminum alloys designed for production of exchanger tubes with brazed turbulator to improve their resistance in a severe corrosive environment like that created by recirculation of automobile vehicle exhaust gases, without increasing the quantity of materials used or dimensions or the weight, and for which manufacturing conditions (ease of use and cost) starting from brazing sheets are at least equivalent to solutions according to prior art.
  • the purpose of the invention is an assembly of two brazing sheets, the first being composed of a AA3xxx clad on one face with on a AA1xxx alloy, and the second sheet being composed of an AA3xxx aluminum alloy clad on both faces with an AA4xxx alloy, the two sheets being assembled to each other by brazing, so as to form a closed channel or tube with an internal turbulator, inside which exhaust gases flow, particularly exhaust gases from an automobile vehicle, alone or in association with another fluid, typically air, the face of the channel exposed to these gases or to this mix being the face coated with the 1xxx alloy in the first sheet forming the channel, the second forming the internal turbulator.
  • the second brazing sheet is composed of an aluminum alloy with the following composition (% by weight):
  • Si 0.3-1.0 Fe ⁇ 1.0 Cu: 0.3-1.0 Mn: 0.3-2.0 Mg: 0.3-3.0 Zn ⁇ 6.0 Ti ⁇ 0.1 Zr ⁇ 0.3 Cr ⁇ 0.3 Ni ⁇ 2.0 Co ⁇ 2.0 Bi ⁇ 0.5 Y ⁇ 0.5, other elements ⁇ 0.05 each and 0.15 total, the remainder being aluminum,
  • an aluminum brazing alloy containing 4 to 15% of silicon and 0.01 to 0.5% of at least one of the elements Ag, Be, Bi, Ce, La, Pb, Pd, Sb, Y or Mischmetall, said two sheets being assembled to each other by flux-free brazing under a protective atmosphere.
  • the second sheet forming the turbulator is composed of an aluminum alloy with the following composition (% by weight): Si: 0.3-1.0 Fe ⁇ 0.5 Cu: 0.35-1.0 Mn: 1.0-2.0 Mg: 0.35-0.7 Zn ⁇ 0.2 Ti ⁇ 0.1 Zr ⁇ 0.3 Cr ⁇ 0.3 Ni ⁇ 1.0 Co ⁇ 1.0 Bi ⁇ 0.5 Y ⁇ 0.5 other elements ⁇ 0.05 each and 0.15 total, the remainder being aluminum,
  • an aluminum brazing alloy containing 4 to 15% of silicon and 0.01 to 0.5% of at least one of the elements Ag, Be, Bi, Ce, La, Pb, Pd, Sb, Y or Mischmetall, said two sheets always being assembled together by fluxless brazing under a protective atmosphere.
  • first brazing sheet forming a channel or a tube may be provided with fins or separators on its outside face, themselves made from an aluminum alloy core sheet with the following composition (% by weight):
  • Si 0.3-1.0 Fe ⁇ 1.0 Cu: 0.3-1.0 Mn: 0.3-2.0 Mg: 0.3-3.0 Zn ⁇ 6.0 Ti ⁇ 0.1 Zr ⁇ 0.3 Cr ⁇ 0.3 Ni ⁇ 2.0 Co ⁇ 2.0 Bi ⁇ 0.5 Y ⁇ 0.5 other elements ⁇ 0.05 each and 0.15 total, the remainder being aluminum, clad on its two faces with an aluminum brazing alloy containing 4 to 15% of silicon and 0.01 to 0.5% of at least one of the elements Ag, Be, Bi, Ce, La, Pb, Pd, Sb, Y or Mischmetall, and assembled on the channel or tube by fluxless brazing under a protective atmosphere.
  • said fins or separators are made from a core sheet made from aluminum alloy with composition (% by weight):
  • Si 0.3-1.0 Fe ⁇ 0.5 Cu: 0.35-1.0 Mn: 1.0-2.0 Mg: 0.35-0.7 Zn ⁇ 0.2 Ti ⁇ 0.1 Zr ⁇ 0.3 Cr ⁇ 0.3 Ni ⁇ 1.0 Co ⁇ 1.0 Bi ⁇ 0.5 Y ⁇ 0.5 other elements ⁇ 0.05 each and 0.15 total, the remainder being aluminum, clad on its two faces with an aluminum brazing alloy containing 4 to 15% of silicon and 0.01 to 0.5% of at least one of the elements Ag, Be, Bi, Ce, La, Pb, Pd, Sb, Y or Mischmetall, and assembled on the channel or tube by fluxless brazing under a protective atmosphere.
  • the brazing sheet forming the channel or the tube is coated on the outside face of said channel or tube with a cladding layer made from an AA4xxx alloy and fitted with fins or separators on this coat, assembled by brazing.
  • channel or tube may be made from a core sheet made from an aluminum alloy with the following composition (% by weight):
  • Si 0.3-1.0 Fe ⁇ 1.0 Cu: 0.3-1.0 Mn: 0.3-2.0 Mg: 0.3-3.0 Zn ⁇ 6.0 Ti ⁇ 0.1 Zr ⁇ 0.3 Cr ⁇ 0.3 Ni ⁇ 2.0 Co ⁇ 2.0 Bi ⁇ 0.5 Y ⁇ 0.5 other elements ⁇ 0.05 each and 0.15 total, the remainder being aluminum, clad on its outside face with an aluminum brazing alloy containing 4 to 15% of silicon and 0.01 to 0.5% of at least one of the elements Ag, Be, Bi, Ce, La, Pb, Pd, Sb, Y or Mischmetall, and fitted with fins or separators on this layer assembled by fluxless brazing under a protective atmosphere.
  • the channel or tube may be made from a core sheet made from an aluminum alloy with the following composition (% by weight):
  • Si 0.3-1.0 Fe ⁇ 0.5 Cu: 0.35-1.0 Mn: 1.0-2.0 Mg: 0.35-0.7 Zn ⁇ 0.2 Ti ⁇ 0.1 Zr ⁇ 0.3 Cr ⁇ 0.3 Ni ⁇ 1.0 Co ⁇ 1.0 Bi ⁇ 0.5 Y ⁇ 0.5 other elements ⁇ 0.05 each and 0.15 total, the remainder being aluminum, clad on its outside face with an aluminum brazing alloy containing 4 to 15% of silicon and 0.01 to 0.5% of at least one of the elements Ag, Be, Bi, Ce, La, Pb, Pd, Sb, Y or Mischmetall, and fitted with fins or separators on this layer assembled by fluxless brazing under a protective atmosphere.
  • brazing sheets may advantageously be used in the composition of turbulator tubes in a heat exchanger, particularly of the type known under the term EGRC (Exhaust Gas Recirculation Cooler) in which only the exhaust gases from an automobile vehicle flow, or of the type known under the term CAC (Charged Air Cooler) in an EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) loop, inside which a mix of fresh air and exhaust gases from an automobile vehicle flows.
  • EGRC exhaust Gas Recirculation Cooler
  • CAC Charged Air Cooler
  • EGR exhaust Gas Recirculation
  • the invention also applies to this type of heat exchanger tube in which exhaust gases flow, particularly automobile vehicle exhaust gases, alone or associated with another fluid, typically air, made from said brazing sheets and also applies to a heat exchanger comprising at least one tube of this type.
  • FIG. 1 shows a brazing sheet with three layers, the core sheet being referenced as mark 2 and the brazing alloy (also called the cladding layer), present on each of the faces of the core being referenced as mark 1 .
  • the brazing alloy also called the cladding layer
  • FIG. 2 diagrammatically shows a tube 1 with turbulator 3 , a fin or separator (not shown), outside the tube, that can be assembled on the external face of the tube by brazing.
  • the turbulator is assembled on the inside face of the tube by brazing.
  • the two faces of the tubes are coated with a material called the brazing or cladding material, usually in the AA4xxx series (mark 2 in the figure).
  • FIG. 3 diagrammatically shows the brazing sheet used for the tube in FIG. 2 , but in which an intermediate cladding made from an AA1xxx or AA7xxx alloy has been inserted between the tube core alloy and its internal coating made from an AA4xxx brazing alloy.
  • the tube core is referenced as mark 3
  • the outside coating made from an AA4xxx alloy is referenced as mark 4
  • the inside coating also made from an AA4xxx alloy is referenced as mark 1
  • the intermediate coating made from an AA1xxx or AA7xxx alloy is referenced as mark 2 .
  • FIG. 4 diagrammatically shows a tube 1 with a turbulator 4 according to the invention, said turbulator itself being composed of a brazing sheet clad, and the tube 1 also being made from a brazing sheet composed of a core sheet, typically made from an AA3xxx alloy, coated on the inside face of the tube with a cladding layer 3 made from an AA1xxx alloy and on the outside face with an AA4xxx brazing alloy layer 2 , on which uncoated fins are brazed.
  • a brazing sheet composed of a core sheet, typically made from an AA3xxx alloy, coated on the inside face of the tube with a cladding layer 3 made from an AA1xxx alloy and on the outside face with an AA4xxx brazing alloy layer 2 , on which uncoated fins are brazed.
  • the invention consists of selecting the most appropriate aluminum alloys forming the brazing sheets used to make channels or tubes of a heat exchanger with a turbulator, more particularly adapted to exchanger tubes subjected to a severe corrosive environment particularly such as tubes through which exhaust gases from an automobile vehicle recirculate.
  • the turbulator placed inside the tube will be designed precisely to disturb internal fluid circulation and to increase heat exchange with the outside medium.
  • This turbulator typically consists of a sheet corrugated along its length similar to an exchanger fin or separator, at least within the scope of the invention, this embodiment being well known to those skilled in the art, as mentioned in the “State of the art” section.
  • both the tube and the disrupter are made by bending and assembly of brazing sheets, using usual methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • the turbulator is assembled inside the tube by brazing.
  • the brazing sheet forming the turbulator is made from a core sheet made from an AA3xxx alloy, coated on its two faces with a cladding layer made from a AA4xxx brazing alloy, for this purpose.
  • the tube itself is composed of another brazing sheet consisting of a core sheet made from an AA3xxx alloy, and the invention consists particularly of forming a lining by cladding on the tube inside face, by selecting an AA1xx alloy for this purpose.
  • this tube may be coated on its outside face with a cladding layer made from an AA4xxx alloy to enable brazing of uncoated fins, also called separators, on said outside face of the tube or possibly brazing of the tube on itself.
  • a cladding layer made from an AA4xxx alloy to enable brazing of uncoated fins, also called separators, on said outside face of the tube or possibly brazing of the tube on itself.
  • the different alloy clads making up the brazing sheets may typically be made by co-rolling, a frequently used method known to those skilled in the art.
  • Patent EP 1687456 B1 issued by the applicant discloses a brazing sheet composition consisting of a core sheet made from an AA3xxx alloy coated on one or both faces with an AA4xxx brazing alloy making fluxless brazing possible under a controlled atmosphere (also called a protective atmosphere), typically of nitrogen and/or argon, in a furnace used in a standard manner for use of the Nocolok® process.
  • a controlled atmosphere typically of nitrogen and/or argon
  • This brazing sheet is composed of a core sheet made from an aluminum alloy with the following composition (% by weight):
  • Si 0.3-1.0 Fe ⁇ 1.0 Cu: 0.3-1.0 Mn: 0.3-2.0 Mg: 0.3-3.0 Zn ⁇ 6.0 Ti ⁇ 0.1 Zr ⁇ 0.3 Cr ⁇ 0.3 Ni ⁇ 2.0 Co ⁇ 2.0 Bi ⁇ 0.5 Y ⁇ 0.5 other elements ⁇ 0.05 each and 0.15 total, the remainder being aluminum,
  • an aluminum brazing alloy containing 4 to 15% of silicon and 0.01 to 0.5% of at least one of the elements Ag, Be, Bi, Ce, La, Pb, Pd, Sb, Y or Mischmetall.
  • An even more preferred composition for the core alloy is as follows (% by weight): Si: 0.3-1.0 Fe ⁇ 0.5 Cu: 0.35-1.0 Mn: 1.0-2.0 Mg: 0.35-0.7 Zn ⁇ 0.2 Ti ⁇ 0.1 Zr ⁇ 0.3 Cr ⁇ 0.3 Ni ⁇ 1.0 Co ⁇ 1.0 Bi ⁇ 0.5 Y ⁇ 0.5 other elements ⁇ 0.05 each and 0.15 total, the remainder being aluminum, and the coating(s) remaining unchanged.
  • this first type of sheet and more advantageously the second type coated on both faces is selected for making the turbulator, that can thus be assembled by fluxless brazing under a protective atmosphere inside the tube, thus resulting in a considerable cost saving and preventing any risk related to the possible entrainment of residual flux into the circuit.
  • these two alloy compositions in the same coating configuration on two faces can advantageously be used for making fins or separators and their assembly by fluxless brazing on the uncoated, outside face of the tube or channel, in other words directly on the core AA3xxx alloy of the tube, in contact with the AA4xxx alloy of the fins according to the above-mentioned preferred compositions.
  • the two types of sheets with the above-mentioned compositions may advantageously be used for making the tube or channel itself, always coated on the inside face with a cladding layer made from an AA1xxx alloy and on its outside face with an AA4xxx brazing alloy enabling fluxless brazing of standard fins under a protective atmosphere.
  • the invention is very useful particularly for heat exchangers comprising this type of tube and more particularly heat exchangers known to those skilled in the art under the name EGRC (Exhaust Gas Recirculation Cooler), in which only the exhaust gases from an automobile vehicle flow or of the type known as Charged Air Cooler (CAC) in an EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) loop inside which a mix of fresh air and automobile vehicle exhaust gas mix flows, in both cases particularly corrosive media.
  • EGRC exhaust Gas Recirculation Cooler
  • CAC Charged Air Cooler
  • EGR exhaust Gas Recirculation
  • the 3916 alloy had the following composition (% by weight):
  • the 3920 alloy had the following composition (% by weight):
  • Si 0.5 Fe: 0.15
  • Cu 0.5 Mn: 1.65
  • Mg 0.5 Ti: 0.08 other elements ⁇ 0.05 each and 0.15 total, remainder being aluminum.
  • the 4945 alloy is an AA4045 alloy that also contains 0.15% of Bi.
  • Tube mockups were fitted with turbulators brazed using the Nocolok® process for references 1 to 3 in table 1 and fluxless brazed for reference 4, with a temperature increase phase up to 600° C. at a rate of about 40° C./min, constant temperature for 2 min at 600° C. and then a temperature reduction at a rate of about 50° C./min, all under nitrogen with a flow of 8 l/min.
  • Configuration 1 applies to a simple tube made from a 3916 core alloy coated on its two faces with an AA4045 brazing alloy and a turbulator made from a AA3003 alloy.
  • Configuration 2 is identical except for an additional and intermediate layer of AA1050 alloy between the core and the AA4045 internal brazing alloy.
  • Configuration 3 uses a tube made from a 3916 core alloy coated on the outside with an AA4045 brazing alloy and on the inside with an AA1050 brazing alloy and a turbulator made from a 3916 core alloy coated on both sides with an AA4045 brazing alloy.
  • Configuration 4 uses a tube made from a 3916 core alloy coated on the outside with an AA4045 brazing alloy and on the inside with an AA1050 alloy and a turbulator made from an AA3920 core alloy coated on both faces with a 4945 brazing alloy (containing 0.15% of Bi) in accordance with the above-mentioned preferred compositions.
  • brazing was done fluxless under a protective atmosphere in accordance with the patent deposited by the above-mentioned applicant.
  • test cycle consists of two repetitions of steps 1, 2 and 3 and then three repetitions of steps 4, 5 and 6 and the complete cycle is repeated four thousand times.
  • Sulfate ions were introduced in the form of sulfuric acid, nitrate ions in the form of acetic acid and chloride ions in the form of hydrochloric acid.
  • the resistance to corrosion was evaluated by metallographic observation on a cross-section of the tube and of the turbulator.
  • Tube Turbulator joints 1 Very severe, Corrosion by Little corrosion. intergranular local pitting. No Some separated corrosion. intergranular joints Some leaks corrosion 2 Severe, Corrosion by Little corrosion. intergranular local pitting. No Some separated corrosion. intergranular joints Some leaks corrosion 3 Very little and Intergranular Little corrosion. very shallow corrosion No separated corrosion. No joints intergranular corrosion 4 Very little and Intergranular Little corrosion. very shallow corrosion No separated corrosion. No joints intergranular corrosion
  • the tubes in configurations 1 and 2 have severe corrosion that can result in perforations and a significant deterioration of some brazing joints between the tube and the turbulator.
  • the unclad turbulators associated with this type of tube are only slightly corroded.
  • configurations 3 and 4 according to the invention show very little tube corrosion, often limited to cladding. Corrosion of brazing joints is also limited. Turbulators associated with this type of tube are significantly corroded. However this situation is considered to be significantly better.
  • a single perforation on a tube causes a leak in the complete heat exchanger circuit.
  • a leak on a turbulator causes a reduction in the heat exchange quality of the exchanger.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
US14/118,852 2011-05-20 2012-05-03 Alloys for a heat exchanger tube having an inner protective cladding and brazed disrupter Abandoned US20140182821A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1101559A FR2975402B1 (fr) 2011-05-20 2011-05-20 Alliages pour tube d'echangeur thermique a placage interne protecteur et a perturbateur brase
FR1101559 2011-05-20
PCT/FR2012/000177 WO2012160267A1 (fr) 2011-05-20 2012-05-03 Alliages pour tube d'échangeur thermique à placage interne protecteur et à perturbateur brasé

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US20140182821A1 true US20140182821A1 (en) 2014-07-03

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US (1) US20140182821A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2710162B2 (de)
JP (1) JP6046704B2 (de)
KR (1) KR101922746B1 (de)
CN (1) CN103687970B (de)
DE (1) DE12728629T1 (de)
ES (1) ES2574256T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2975402B1 (de)
HU (1) HUE027293T2 (de)
PL (1) PL2710162T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2012160267A1 (de)

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EP3269485A1 (de) * 2016-07-14 2018-01-17 Modine Manufacturing Company Flussmittelarmes cab-löten bei wärmeübertragern
US20180073471A1 (en) * 2016-09-09 2018-03-15 Hyundai Motor Company Aluminum plate and egr cooler including the same
US20180169797A1 (en) * 2016-12-16 2018-06-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) Aluminum alloy brazing sheet
US20180169798A1 (en) * 2016-12-16 2018-06-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) Brazing method for aluminum alloy brazing sheet
US10113515B1 (en) * 2017-04-28 2018-10-30 Hyundai Motor Company Water cooled EGR cooler
US20180328317A1 (en) * 2017-05-11 2018-11-15 Hyundai Motor Company Water-cooled egr cooler, and the manufacturing method thereof
EP3444558A1 (de) * 2017-08-18 2019-02-20 Hyundai Motor Company Kühler für ein fahrzeug
EP3587991A1 (de) * 2018-06-28 2020-01-01 Valeo Termico S.A. Abgasrückführungskühler
US20200018266A1 (en) * 2018-07-11 2020-01-16 Hyundai Motor Company Exhaust gas recirculation cooler
EP3613865A4 (de) * 2017-04-17 2020-09-02 Korens Co., Ltd. Aluminiumlegierungsmaterial mit verbesserter korrosionsbeständigkeit für ein gasrohr in einem agr-kühler
EP3719294A4 (de) * 2017-11-27 2021-06-16 Korens Co., Ltd. Gasrohr für einen egr-kühler mit verbesserten antikorrosiven eigenschaften
DE102017222257B4 (de) 2017-07-28 2023-12-07 Hyundai Motor Company Aluminiumplatte und Kühler mit derselben

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JP6363555B2 (ja) * 2015-04-28 2018-07-25 株式会社デンソー アルミニウム製熱交換器
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FR3093450A1 (fr) * 2019-03-04 2020-09-11 Constellium Neuf-Brisach Bande en alliage d’aluminium pour la fabrication d’échangeurs de chaleur brasés
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US20150219405A1 (en) * 2014-02-05 2015-08-06 Lennox Industries Inc. Cladded brazed alloy tube for system components
US20170205160A1 (en) * 2016-01-14 2017-07-20 Uacj Corporation Heat exchanger and method of manufacturing the same
US11320217B2 (en) 2016-01-14 2022-05-03 Uacj Corporation Heat exchanger and method of manufacturing the same
EP3269485A1 (de) * 2016-07-14 2018-01-17 Modine Manufacturing Company Flussmittelarmes cab-löten bei wärmeübertragern
US11333442B2 (en) * 2016-07-14 2022-05-17 Modine Manufacturing Company Brazeable metal sheet material, and heat exchanger with components made of the same
US20180073471A1 (en) * 2016-09-09 2018-03-15 Hyundai Motor Company Aluminum plate and egr cooler including the same
US20180169797A1 (en) * 2016-12-16 2018-06-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) Aluminum alloy brazing sheet
US20180169798A1 (en) * 2016-12-16 2018-06-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) Brazing method for aluminum alloy brazing sheet
EP3613865A4 (de) * 2017-04-17 2020-09-02 Korens Co., Ltd. Aluminiumlegierungsmaterial mit verbesserter korrosionsbeständigkeit für ein gasrohr in einem agr-kühler
US10113515B1 (en) * 2017-04-28 2018-10-30 Hyundai Motor Company Water cooled EGR cooler
US20180313301A1 (en) * 2017-04-28 2018-11-01 Hyundai Motor Company Water cooled egr cooler
US10253730B2 (en) * 2017-05-11 2019-04-09 Hyundai Motor Company Water-cooled EGR cooler, and the manufacturing method thereof
US20180328317A1 (en) * 2017-05-11 2018-11-15 Hyundai Motor Company Water-cooled egr cooler, and the manufacturing method thereof
DE102017222257B4 (de) 2017-07-28 2023-12-07 Hyundai Motor Company Aluminiumplatte und Kühler mit derselben
EP3444558A1 (de) * 2017-08-18 2019-02-20 Hyundai Motor Company Kühler für ein fahrzeug
EP3719294A4 (de) * 2017-11-27 2021-06-16 Korens Co., Ltd. Gasrohr für einen egr-kühler mit verbesserten antikorrosiven eigenschaften
WO2020002488A1 (en) * 2018-06-28 2020-01-02 Valeo Termico, S.A. Exhaust gas recirculation (egr) cooler
EP3587991A1 (de) * 2018-06-28 2020-01-01 Valeo Termico S.A. Abgasrückführungskühler
US20200018266A1 (en) * 2018-07-11 2020-01-16 Hyundai Motor Company Exhaust gas recirculation cooler
CN110714859A (zh) * 2018-07-11 2020-01-21 现代自动车株式会社 排放气体再循环冷却器
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KR20140032443A (ko) 2014-03-14
FR2975402A1 (fr) 2012-11-23
KR101922746B1 (ko) 2018-11-27
JP6046704B2 (ja) 2016-12-21
EP2710162A1 (de) 2014-03-26
DE12728629T1 (de) 2014-06-05
PL2710162T3 (pl) 2016-08-31
FR2975402B1 (fr) 2013-05-10
WO2012160267A1 (fr) 2012-11-29
JP2014519413A (ja) 2014-08-14
CN103687970A (zh) 2014-03-26
HUE027293T2 (hu) 2016-10-28
EP2710162B2 (de) 2024-07-24
EP2710162B1 (de) 2016-03-02
CN103687970B (zh) 2016-01-20

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